View source for 1944 Bombay explosion

{{Short description|Ship explosion in Bombay, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox event
| title       = Bombay explosion
| image       = Bombay-Docks-aftermath1.png
| caption     = Smoke billowing out of the harbour
| date        = 14 April 1944
| time        = 16:15 IST (10:45 UTC)
| place       = Victoria Dock, [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|18|57|10|N|72|50|42|E|type:event_region:IN-MH|display=inline,title}}
| cause       = Ship fire
| casualties1 = 800+ dead
| casualties2 = 3,000 injured
}}

The '''Bombay explosion''' (or '''Bombay docks explosion''') occurred on 14 April 1944, in the Victoria Dock of Bombay, [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Mumbai]], India) when the British [[Cargo ship|freighter]] [[SS Fort Stikine|SS ''Fort Stikine'']] caught fire and was destroyed in two giant blasts, scattering debris, sinking surrounding ships and setting fire to the area, killing around 800 to 1,300 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/explosion-on-cargo-ship-rocks-bombay-india |title=Explosion on cargo ship rocks Bombay, India – Apr 14, 1944 |website=History.com |access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173230/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/explosion-on-cargo-ship-rocks-bombay-india |url-status=live}}</ref> Some 80,000 people were made homeless<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33105898 |title=Has India's contribution to WW2 been ignored? |publisher=BBC News |date=16 June 2015 |language=en-GB |access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173231/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33105898 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5tuzVvDSBSgC&dq=SS+Fort+Stikine&pg=PA233 Bombay Explosion] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414021524/https://books.google.com/books?id=5tuzVvDSBSgC&dq=SS+Fort+Stikine&pg=PA233 |date=14 April 2023}} ''A Corporal's War: World War II Adventures of a Royal Engineer'', p. 233</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hZjNWaIm_eUC&dq=SS+Fort+Stikine&pg=PA139 The Day It Rained Gold Bricks and a Horse Ran Headless] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414021359/https://books.google.com/books?id=hZjNWaIm_eUC&dq=SS+Fort+Stikine&pg=PA139 |date=14 April 2023}} Bombay, Meri Jaan: Writings on Mumbai Page 138</ref> and 71 firemen lost their lives in the aftermath.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/Thats-how-Mumbais-fire-brigade-Rolls/articleshow/51354019.cms |title=That's how Mumbai's fire brigade Rolls |website=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173233/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/others/Thats-how-Mumbais-fire-brigade-Rolls/articleshow/51354019.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The ship was carrying a mixed cargo of cotton bales, timber, oil, gold, and ammunition including around 1,400 tons of explosives with an additional 240 tons of torpedoes and weapons.

==Vessel, the voyage and cargo==
[[Image:SS Fort Stikine.png|thumb|SS ''Fort Stikine'']]
The {{SS|Fort Stikine}} was a 7,142 [[gross register ton]] freighter built in 1942 in [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]], British Columbia, under a lend-lease agreement; the name ''[[SS Fort Stikine|Stikine]]'' was derived from the [[Stikine River]] in British Columbia.

Sailing from [[Birkenhead]] on 24 February, via [[Gibraltar]], [[Port Said]] and [[Karachi]], she arrived at Bombay on 12 April 1944. Her cargo included 1,395 tons of explosives including 238 tons of sensitive "A" [[explosives]], [[torpedoes]], [[Naval mine|mines]], shells, and [[munitions]]. She also carried [[Supermarine Spitfire]] fighter aircraft, raw [[cotton]] bales, barrels of [[Petroleum|oil]], [[timber]], scrap [[iron]] and approximately £890,000 of [[gold bullion]] in bars in 31 crates.<ref name=rocked>{{cite news |author=Times News Network |title=When Bombay docks rocked |date=11 April 2004 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/When-the-Bombay-Docks-rocked/articleshow/610478.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103083744/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-04-11/mumbai/28331064_1_cargo-vessel-explosive-cargo-victoria-dock |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> The 8,700 bales of cotton and lubricating oil were loaded at Karachi and the ship's captain, Alexander James Naismith, recorded his protest about such a "mixture" of cargo.<ref name=rocked/> The transportation of cotton through the sea route was inevitable for the merchants, as transporting cotton by rail from Punjab and Sindh to Bombay was banned at that time.<ref name="Ennis, John">[[#Ennis, John|Ennis, John]]. p. 25</ref>{{why|date=December 2024}} Naismith, who lost his life in the explosion, described the cargo as "just about everything that will either burn or blow up."<ref name=rocked/>

==Incident==
[[File:Bombay-Docks-explosion-1.png|thumb|People running for safety after the explosion]]
In the mid-afternoon around 14:00, the crew were alerted to a fire onboard burning somewhere in the No. 2 hold. The crew, dockside fire teams and fireboats were unable to extinguish the conflagration, despite pumping over 900 tons of water into the ship, and nor were they able to find the source due to the dense smoke. The water was boiling all over the ship, due to heat generated by the fire.<ref name=navy/>

At 15:50 the order to abandon ship was given, and 16 minutes later there was a great explosion, cutting the ship in two and breaking windows over {{cvt|12|km|mi}} away. This and a later second explosion were powerful enough to be recorded by seismographs at the [[Colaba Observatory]] in the city. Sensors recorded that the earth trembled at [[Shimla]],<ref>[[#Ennis, John|Ennis, John]]. p. 84</ref> a city over 1,700&nbsp;km away. The shower of burning material set fire to neighbourhoods in the area. Around {{cvt|2|km2|mi2}} were set ablaze in an {{cvt|800|m|yd}} arc around the ship. Eleven neighbouring vessels had been sunk or were sinking, and the emergency personnel at the site suffered heavy losses. Attempts to fight the fire were dealt a further blow when the second explosion from the ship swept the area at 16:34. Burning cotton bales fell from the sky on docked ships, the dock yard, and neighbourhoods outside the harbour. The sound of explosions was heard as far as {{cvt|80|km|mi}} away.<ref name=life>{{cite magazine |title=War Explodes into Bombay |pages=38–39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38 |magazine=Life |date=22 May 1944}}</ref> Some of the most developed and economically important parts of Bombay were wiped out by the blast and resulting fire.<ref name=life/> The Australian hospital ship [[MS Wanganella|AHS ''Wanganella'']] had been moored {{convert|2|nmi|km}} off Bombay when the explosion occurred. She was subsequently brought in to port, spending a week treating the wounded before resuming her voyage to [[Taranto]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]].<ref name=Trio>{{cite book |title=A Tasman Trio:  Wanganella - Awatea - Monowai |first1=Andrew |last1=Bell |first2=Murray |last2=Robinson |publisher=Ship in Focus Publications |year=2009 |location=Preston |isbn=978-1-901703-55-9 }}</ref>

===News===
The details of the explosions and losses were first reported to the outside world by the Japanese-controlled Radio Saigon, which gave a detailed report of the incident on 15 April 1944.<ref name=time>{{cite magazine |title=India: Fire in Bombay |url-access=subscription |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,796610,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214230450/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,796610,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 December 2008 |access-date=16 September 2012 |magazine=Time magazine |date=22 May 1944}}</ref> British-Indian wartime censorship permitted news reporters to send the reports only in the second week of May 1944.<ref name=time/> ''Time'' magazine published the story as late as 22 May 1944 and still it was news to the outside world.<ref name=time/> A movie depicting the explosions and aftermath, made by Indian cinematographer Sudhish Ghatak, was confiscated by military officers,<ref name=rocked/> although parts of it were shown to the public as a newsreel at a later date.<ref name=rocked/>

===Loss===
[[Image:Bombay-Docks-aftermath3.png|thumb|Aftermath of the explosion at the harbour]]
[[Image:1944 Bombay harbour explosion propeller piece.jpg|thumb|A piece of propeller that landed in St. Xaviers High School, about {{cvt|5|km|0}} from the docks.]]
[[File:SSJalapadmaBombayexplosion.jpg|thumb|right|SS Jalapadma on land after the explosion]]
The total number of lives lost in the explosion is estimated at more than 800, while some estimates put the figure at around 1,300.<ref name=history>{{cite news |title=Explosion on Corgo ship rocks Bombay, India |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/explosion-on-cargo-ship-rocks-bombay-india |publisher=History.com |access-date=15 September 2012 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173230/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/explosion-on-cargo-ship-rocks-bombay-india |url-status=live}}</ref> More than 500 civilians lost their lives, many of them residing in adjoining slum areas, but as it was wartime, information about the full extent of the damage was partially censored.<ref name=rocked/> The results of the explosion are summarised as follows:
*Two hundred and thirty-one people killed were attached to various dock services including fire brigade and dock employees.<ref name=navy>{{cite web |title=Explosion in Bombay |url=http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/bomEx.html |publisher=merchantnavyofficers.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204060500/http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/bomEx.html |archive-date=2012-02-04}}</ref>
*Of the above figure, 66 were firemen<ref name=tribute/>
*More than 500 civilians were killed<ref name=navy/>
*Some estimates put total deaths at up to 1,300<ref name=history/>
*More than 2,500 were injured, including civilians<ref name=navy/>
*Thirteen ships were lost<ref name=navy/> and some other ships heavily or partially damaged
*Of the above, three Royal Indian Navy ships were lost<ref name="aus">{{cite web |title=On this day: 1944 |url=https://www.navyhistory.org.au/category/navy-day-by-day/1944/page/17/ |publisher=Naval Historical Society of Australia |access-date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727042306/https://www.navyhistory.org.au/category/navy-day-by-day/1944/page/17/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Thirty-one wooden crates, each containing four gold bars, each gold bar weighing 800 Troy ounces or almost 25&nbsp;kg.<ref name=navy/> (almost all since recovered)
*More than 50,000 tonnes of shipping destroyed and another 50,000 tonnes of shipping damaged<ref name=navy/>
*Loss of more than 50,000 tonnes of food grains, including rice, which gave rise to black marketing of food grains afterwards.<ref name=rocked/>

'''<big>Unloading of Railway Locomotives</big>'''

Nine imported Locomotives were in the process of being unloaded from the docks since April 11 with 30 railway employees being present for the unloading process. By the noon of April 14 seven locomotives were still left to be loaded onto the wagons. This was because the Port Trust accidentally delivered the wrong wagons due to which the unloading could not take place. An employee of the BB&CI Railway provided an eyewitness account in the Railway Magazine, where he described how he and others, while being busy lashing and securing the locomotives, were surprised by the sudden noise of the explosions, and the flames shooting upward. An 80-pound steel plate dropped near the crane, narrowly missing him, and his accomplice. The crew then jumped onto an already crowded barge, that was quickly moved away from the docks to safety.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahul Mehrotra |first=Sharada Dwivedi |title=Anchoring A City Line |publisher=Eminence Designs Pvt. Ltd |year=2000 |isbn=81-900602-4-4 |pages=115 |language=English}}</ref>

==Suburban relief activities==
D. N. Wandrekar, a senior journalist at ''[[The Bombay Chronicle]]'' newspaper, stated in a report dated 20 April 1944 that ''Mumbaikars'' ({{Translation|Residents of Mumbai}}) are always known for their good heart which is why around five days after the incident massive relief activities were shifted to the suburbs owing to the neutralisation of [[South Mumbai]] from the damages caused. Soon after the calamity people from the affected areas began pouring into the suburbs. About six thousand persons from the Mandvi area, mostly middle class, went to [[Ghatkopar]]. The workers and others from Ghatkopar got the three schools opened for their accommodation and private households also provided accommodation to these unfortunate families.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

There was a rush of labourers from the dock areas who wanted to get out of Bombay on foot by the Agra Road. [[Ghatkopar]] workers opened a kitchen for them at the Hindu Sabha Hall. The kitchen served food for about a thousand persons twice daily. The Ghatkopar kitchen was still running when [[Vile Parle]]'s Irla residents started running a second centre for about 500 persons, where food and lodging were provided for the refugees. A third kitchen was opened at Khotwadi and Narli Agripada in [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]] where about 300 people were being served. In [[Khar, Mumbai|Khar]], arrangements had been made to give rations to about a hundred persons who had found accommodation in Kherwadiand Old Khar village. [[Khar Danda]], a fishing village, had made arrangements for about a hundred people's accommodation and food. Many families on [[Salsette Island]], also known as Mumbai suburb, opened their doors to the needy.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

==Salvage==
As part of the salvage operation, [[sub-lieutenant]] Ken Jackson, [[Royal Naval Reserve|RNVR]] was seconded to the Indian government to establish the pumping operation. He and [[chief petty officer]] Charles Brazier arrived in Bombay on 7 May 1944. Over a period of three months, many ships were salvaged. The de-watering operation took three months to complete, after which Jackson and Brazier returned to their base in Colombo. Jackson remained in the Far East for another two years, conducting further salvage work. For their efforts with the pumping operation, both men were rewarded: Brazier was awarded the MBE, and Jackson received an accelerated promotion. An Australian minesweeper, [[HMAS Gawler (J188)|HMAS ''Gawler'']], landed working parties on 21 June 1944, to assist in the restoration of the port.<ref name="aus"/>

==Aftermath==
It took three days to bring the fire under control, and later, 8,000 men toiled for seven months to remove around 500,000 tons of debris and bring the docks back into action.

The inquiry into the explosion identified the cotton bales as probably being the seat of the fire. It was critical of several errors:

* Storing the cotton below the munitions
* Not displaying the red flag [[International maritime signal flags|(B flag)]] required to indicate a "dangerous cargo on board"
* Delaying unloading the explosives
* Not using steam injectors to contain the fire
* A delay in alerting the local fire brigade<ref>''The Times'', Tuesday, 12 September 1944; pg. 3; Issue 49956; col E</ref>

Many families lost all their belongings and were left with just the clothes on their backs. Thousands became destitute. It was estimated that about 6,000 firms were affected, and 50,000 people lost their jobs.<ref name=rocked/> The government took full responsibility for the disaster, and monetary compensation was paid to citizens who made a claim for loss or damage to property.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

[[File:Mumbai Firefighters Memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|The memorial erected outside Mumbai Fire Brigade Headquarters]]

During periodic dredging operations to maintain the depth of the docking bays, many intact gold bars have been found, some as late as February 2011, and returned to the government. A live shell weighing 45&nbsp;kg (100&nbsp;lb) was also found in October 2011.<ref name=mirror>{{cite news |last=Tiwary |first=Deeptiman |title=Live, 45-kg shell dredged from WW-II ship's ruins |url=http://mumbaimirror.com/article/15/20111024201110240334556615f57c7a8/Live-45kg-shell-dredged-from-WWII-ship%E2%80%99s-ruins.html |access-date=1 March 2016 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |date=24 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230054616/http://mumbaimirror.com/article/15/20111024201110240334556615f57c7a8/Live-45kg-shell-dredged-from-WWII-ship%E2%80%99s-ruins.html |archive-date=30 December 2011}}</ref> The [[Mumbai Fire Brigade]]'s headquarters at [[Byculla]] has a memorial to the fire fighters who died. National Fire Safety Week is observed across India<ref name="nfsw">{{cite web |title=Fire Safety Week |url=http://www.nsc.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=69 |date=17 February 2014 |work=[[National Safety Council (India)]] |access-date=28 November 2014 |archive-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205065507/http://www.nsc.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=69 |url-status=live}}</ref> from 14 to 21 April, in memory of the 66 firemen who died in this explosion.<ref name=tribute>{{cite news |title=Tributes paid to firemen |date=15 April 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/15/stories/2011041551180200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420133715/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/15/stories/2011041551180200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 April 2011 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>

===Ships lost or severely damaged===
Apart from ''Fort Stikine'', the following vessels were sunk or severely damaged.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Ship
! Flag or operator
! Notes
|-
| {{SS|Baroda||2}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Baroda'' was a {{GRT|3,172}} cargo liner owned by the [[British India Steam Navigation Company]].<ref name=Baroda>{{cite web |url=http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=1621 |title=SS Baroda |publisher=Clydeships |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184249/http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=1621 |url-status=live }}</ref> The vessel was burnt out.<ref name=PB74>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php%3Fconvoy=PB.74%21~miscmain |title=Convoy PB.74 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904173739/http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php%3Fconvoy=PB.74%21~miscmain |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{HMHS|Chantilly|63|6}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Chantilly'' was a {{GRT|10,017}} [[hospital ship]] that was formerly a French passenger ship. She was repaired and was returned to her French owners after the war.<ref name=Chantilly>{{cite web |url=http://www.maritimequest.com/liners/02_pages/c/chantilly_1923_data.htm |title=HMHS Chantilly (1941) |publisher=Maritime Quest |access-date=13 August 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120204/http://www.maritimequest.com/liners/02_pages/c/chantilly_1923_data.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{HMIS|El Hind|F120|6}}
| {{navy|British India|}}
| ''El Hind'' was a {{GRT|5,319}} passenger ship used by [[The Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd.]] for the conveyance of pilgrims.<br>She had been requisitioned by the [[Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Landing ship, infantry|Landing Ship Infantry (Large)]]. She caught fire and sank.<ref name=EH>{{cite web |url=http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=10960 |title=SS El Hind |publisher=Clydeships |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414021358/https://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=10960 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=EH2>{{cite web |url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/13447.html |title=Landing Ship Infantry HMIS El Hind |publisher=Uboat |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808175347/https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/13447.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
| {{SS|Empire Indus||2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Empire Indus'' was a {{GRT|5,155}} cargo ship. She was severely damaged by the explosion but was repaired, returning to service in November 1945.<ref name=MandS>{{cite book |last2=Sawyer|first2= L. A.|last1=Mitchell|first1= W. H. |year=1995 |title=The Empire Ships |page=not cited |publisher=Lloyd's of London Press Ltd |location=London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong |isbn=1-85044-275-4}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Fort Crevier||2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Fort Crevier'' was a {{GRT|7,142}} [[Fort ship]]. She was burnt out and declared a [[constructive total loss]]. The vessel was used as a [[Hulk (ship type)|hulk]] until 1948, when she was scrapped.<ref name=PB74/><ref name=FortA>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/FortA.html |title=Fort Ships A – J |publisher=Mariners |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731173437/http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/FortA.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Generaal van der Heyden||2}}
| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| ''Generaal van der Heyden'' was a {{GRT|1,213}} cargo ship of the [[Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij]]. She caught fire and sank, with the loss of 15 of her crew.<ref name=KPM>{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/kpm.shtml |title=Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij 1888–1967 |publisher=The Ships List |access-date=13 August 2014 |archive-date=22 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722223148/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/kpm.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Generaal van Sweiten||2}}
| {{flagu|Netherlands}}
| ''Generaal van Sweiten'' was a {{GRT|1,300}} cargo ship of the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij. She caught fire and sank, with the loss of 2 crew.<ref name=KPM/>
|-
| {{SS|Graciosa||2}}
| {{flag|Norway}}
| ''Graciosa'' was a {{GRT|1,173}} cargo ship owned by Skibs A/S Fjeld and operated under the management of Hans Kiær & Co. She was severely damaged and was sold for scrap in July 1944.<ref name=Graciosa>{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/graciosa.html |title=D/S Graciosa |publisher=Warsailors |access-date=13 August 2014 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902031649/http://warsailors.com/singleships/graciosa.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Iran|1919|2}}
| {{flag|Panama}}
| ''Iran'' was a {{GRT|5,677}} Standard World War I cargo ship operated by the Iran Steamship Company under the management of Wallem & Co. Ltd. She was severely damaged and was scrapped.<ref name=Iran>{{cite web |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/W-Ships/waikawa1919.html |title=Waikawa |publisher=Tynebuilt |access-date=13 August 2014 |archive-date=31 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531020259/http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/W-Ships/waikawa1919.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Jalapadma|1926|2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Jalapadma'' was a {{GRT|3,857}} cargo ship of the Scindia Steam Navigation Company. She was pushed on shore and later scrapped.<ref name=Scindia>{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/scindia.shtml |title=Scindia Steam Navigation Co. |publisher=The Ships List |access-date=13 August 2014 |archive-date=22 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722214516/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/scindia.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Kingyuan||2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Kingyuan'' was a {{GRT|2,653}} cargo ship of the [[China Navigation Company]]. She caught fire and sank.<ref name=Lost/>
|-
| {{HMS|LCP 323}}
| {{flagicon|UK|naval}} Royal Navy
| The [[landing craft]] was sunk.<ref name=seekrieg194404>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/44-04.htm |title=Seekrieg 1944, April |access-date=7 August 2015 |last=Rohwer |first=Jürgen |author-link=Jürgen Rohwer |author2=Gerhard Hümmelchen |work=Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart |language=de |archive-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029095250/http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/44-04.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{HMS|LCP 866}}
| {{flagicon|UK|naval}} Royal Navy
| The landing craft was sunk.<ref name=seekrieg194404/>
|-
| {{SS|Norse Trader||2}}
| {{flagu|Panama}}
| ''Norse Trader'' was a {{GRT|3,507}} cargo ship owned by Wallem & Co., [[Hong Kong]]. While there were no casualties, the ship was a total loss and was broken up.<ref name=Nors>{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/freefleet/norfleetn.html#Nors |title=Norwegian Merchant Fleet 1939–1945 . Ships starting with N – Nors |publisher=Warsailors |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045715/http://www.warsailors.com/freefleet/norfleetn.html#Nors |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Rod El Farag||2}}
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Egypt}}
| ''Rod El Farag'' was a {{GRT|6,292}} cargo liner of the Sociète Misr de Navigation Maritime. She was gutted by fire.<ref name=Chindwin>{{cite web |url=http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=15441 |title=SS Chindwin |publisher=Clydeships |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812023618/http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=15441 |url-status=live}}</ref> Declared a total loss, she was sunk for use as a jetty.<ref name=Jordan452>{{cite book |title=The world's merchant fleets, 1939 |first=Roger |last=Jordan |publisher=Chatham publishing |location=London |year=1999 |page=452 |isbn=1-86176-023-X}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Tinombo||2}}
| {{flagu|Netherlands}}
| ''Tinombo'' was a {{GRT|872}} [[coastal trading vessel|coaster]] owned by the Koninklijke Packetvaart Maatschappij. She was heavily damaged, and sank with the loss of 8 crew.<ref name=Lost>{{cite web |url=http://merchantships.tripod.com/fortcreviershipslost.html |title=Ships Lost in the WWII Bombay Explosion |publisher=Merchantships |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904124811/http://merchantships.tripod.com/fortcreviershipslost.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Explosion of the RFA Bedenham]]
* [[Halifax Explosion]]
* [[List of accidents and incidents involving transport or storage of ammunition]]
* [[List of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== General and cited references ===
* {{Cite book |last=Ennis |first=John |year=1959 |title=The Great Bombay Explosion |url=https://archive.org/details/greatbombayexplo0000unse/mode/2up |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Duell, Sloan and Pearce |lccn=59-12241 |oclc=1262947 |via=the [[Internet Archive]]}} {{Google books|e2DSAAAAIAAJ|The Great Bombay Explosion}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://members.tripod.com/~merchantships/fortcrevierepilogue.html The First and Last Voyage of the Fort Crevier]
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000727/edit.htm#5 "The Day It Rained Gold"]

{{Fort ships}}
{{April 1944 shipwrecks}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombay explosion, 1944}}
[[Category:1944 disasters in India]]
[[Category:1944 in British India]]
[[Category:1944 in India]]
[[Category:20th century in Mumbai]]
[[Category:April 1944 in Asia]]
[[Category:Disasters in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Explosions in 1944]]
[[Category:Industrial fires and explosions in India]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1944]]
[[Category:Military history of India during World War II]]
[[Category:Naval history of India]]
[[Category:Naval magazine explosions]]
[[Category:Non-combat military accidents]]
[[Category:Ship fires]]
[[Category:Vehicle fires in India]]