View source for 2004 Atlantic hurricane season

{{Short description|none}}
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{{Infobox tropical cyclone season
 | Basin                    = Atl
 | Year                     = 2004
 | Track                    = 2004 Atlantic hurricane season summary.png
 | First storm formed       = {{Start date|2004|07|31}}
 | Last storm dissipated    = {{End date|2004|12|03}}
 | Strongest storm name     = [[Hurricane Ivan|Ivan]]
 | Strongest storm pressure = 910
 | Strongest storm winds    = 145
 | Average wind speed       = 1
 | Total depressions        = 16
 | Total storms             = 15
 | Total hurricanes         = 9
 | Total intense            = 6
 | ACE                      = 226.9 (Sixth highest)
 | Damages                  = 61148
 | Damagespost              = 
 | Fatalities               = 3,261&nbsp;total
 | five seasons             = [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002]], [[2003 Atlantic hurricane season|2003]], '''2004''', [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]], [[2006 Atlantic hurricane season|2006]]
 | Season timeline          = Timeline of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season
 | West Pacific season      = 2004 Pacific typhoon season
 | East Pacific season      = 2004 Pacific hurricane season
 | North Indian season      = 2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
}}<!-- Created with subst: of [[Template:Hurricane season single]]. -->
The '''2004 Atlantic hurricane season''' was a very deadly, destructive, and extremely active [[Atlantic hurricane season]], with over 3,200&nbsp;deaths and more than $61&nbsp;billion (2004 [[USD]], $95.77 billion 2022 USD) in damage.{{refn|All damage figures are in 2004 [[United States dollar|USD]], unless otherwise noted|group="nb"}} More than half of the 16&nbsp;[[tropical cyclone]]s brushed or [[Landfall|struck]] the United States. Due to the development of a Modoki [[El Niño]] – a rare type of El Niño in which unfavorable conditions are produced over the [[Pacific hurricane|Eastern Pacific]] instead of the Atlantic basin due to warmer sea surface temperatures farther west along the equatorial Pacific &ndash; activity was above average. The season officially began on June&nbsp;1 and ended on November&nbsp;30, though the season's last storm, Otto, dissipated on December&nbsp;3, extending the season beyond its traditional boundaries. The first storm, [[Hurricane Alex (2004)|Alex]], developed offshore of the [[Southeastern United States]] on July&nbsp;31, one of the latest dates on record to see the formation of the first system in an Atlantic hurricane season. It brushed [[the Carolinas]] and the [[Mid-Atlantic states|Mid-Atlantic]], causing one death and $7.5&nbsp;million (2004&nbsp;[[United States dollar|USD]]) in damage. Several storms caused only minor damage, including tropical storms [[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004)|Bonnie]], [[Tropical Storm Earl (2004)|Earl]], Hermine, and [[Tropical Storm Matthew (2004)|Matthew]]. In addition, hurricanes Danielle, Karl, and Lisa, Tropical Depression Ten, [[Subtropical Storm Nicole]] and Tropical Storm Otto had no effect on land while tropical cyclones. The season was the first to exceed 200 units in [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) since [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]], mostly from [[Hurricane Ivan]], which produced the highest ACE out of any storm this season. Ivan generated the second-highest ACE in the Atlantic, only behind the [[1899 San Ciriaco Hurricane]].

There are four notable storms: [[Hurricane Charley]], that made landfall in Florida as a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]] (SSHWS), causing $16&nbsp;billion in damage in the United States alone. Later in August, [[Hurricane Frances]] struck the [[Bahamas]] and [[Florida]], causing at least 49&nbsp;deaths and $10.1&nbsp;billion in damage. The costliest and most intense storm was [[Hurricane Ivan]]. It was a [[List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes|Category 5 hurricane]] that devastated multiple countries adjacent to the Caribbean, before entering the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and causing catastrophic damage on the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], especially in the states of [[Alabama]] and [[Florida]]. Throughout the countries it passed through, Ivan caused 129&nbsp;fatalities and over $26.1&nbsp;billion in damage. The deadliest storm was [[Hurricane Jeanne]], which caused torrential rainfall in the mountainous areas of [[Haiti]], resulting in mudslides and severe flooding that caused at least 3,000&nbsp;fatalities. Jeanne also struck Florida, inflicting extensive destruction. Overall, the storm caused at least $7.94&nbsp;billion in damage and 3,042&nbsp;deaths, ranking it as one of the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes in history.

Collectively, the storms of this season caused at least 3,261&nbsp;deaths and about $61.15&nbsp;billion in damage, making it the costliest Atlantic hurricane season at the time, until surpassed by the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|following year]]. As of 2024, it ranks as the seventh costliest Atlantic hurricane season to date. With six hurricanes reaching at least Category&nbsp;3 intensity, 2004 also had the most major hurricanes since [[1996 Atlantic hurricane season|1996]].{{refn|A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category&nbsp;3 or higher on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]].<ref name="sshws">{{cite report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php|title=Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale|date=May 23, 2013|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=April 18, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>|group="nb"}} However, that record would also be surpassed by [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]] and [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020]], with seven major hurricanes in those years. In the spring of 2005, four names were retired: Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. This tied the then-record most names retired with [[1955 Atlantic hurricane season|1955]] and [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]],{{refn|and equalled again in [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]]|group="nb"}} a mark also surpassed in 2005, when five were retired.

== Seasonal forecasts ==
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right;"
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2004 season'''
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
||'''Source'''
||'''Date'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Tropical<br />storms</span>'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Hurricanes</span>'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Major<br />hurricanes</span>'''
|-
|align="left"|[[Colorado State University|CSU]]
|align="left"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1950–2000)</span>''
|9.6
|5.9
|2.3
|-
|align="left"|[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
|align="left"|''Average''<ref name="noaa-2005records">{{cite report|date=April 13, 2006|title=NOAA Reviews Record-Setting 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|url= http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/s2540.htm|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623192811/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/s2540.htm|archive-date=June 23, 2018}}</ref>
|11
|6
|2
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|December 5, 2003
|13
|7
|3
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|April 2, 2004
|14
|8
|3
|-
|align="left"|NOAA
|align="left"|May 17, 2004
|12–15
|6–8
|2–4
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|May 28, 2004
|14
|8
|3
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|August 6, 2004
|13
|7
|3
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|September 3, 2004
|16
|8
|5
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|October 1, 2004
|15
|9
|6
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|'''Actual activity'''
|'''15'''
|'''9'''
|'''6'''
|}
Since 1984, forecasts of hurricane activity have been issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane expert Dr. [[William M. Gray]] and his associates at [[Colorado State University]] (CSU), and separately by forecasters with the [[Government of the United States|U.S. Government's]] [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA). According to CSU, the average season between 1950 and 2000 had 9.6&nbsp;tropical storms, 5.9&nbsp;hurricanes, and 2.3&nbsp;major hurricanes, which are Category&nbsp;3 or higher on the [[Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale]].<ref name="Gray Dec">{{cite report|author1=Philip J. Klotzbach |author2=William M. Gray |date=December 8, 2006 |title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007 |publisher=[[Colorado State University]] |access-date=July 10, 2014 |url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ |url-status=dead |location=Fort Collins, Colorado |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001001/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 12.1&nbsp;named storms, of which 6.4&nbsp;reach hurricane strength and 2.7&nbsp;become major hurricanes.<ref name="Background">{{cite report|work=[[Climate Prediction Center]]|url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml|title=Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 9, 2012|access-date=April 18, 2014|location=College Park, Maryland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606234002/https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml|archive-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref>

CSU released its first prediction on December&nbsp;5, 2003, which projected an above average season, with 13&nbsp;named storms, seven hurricanes, and three major hurricanes.<ref>{{cite report|author1=William M. Gray |author2=Philip J. Klotzbach|date=December 5, 2003|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2004|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=September 1, 2014|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2003/dec2003/|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502173638/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2003/dec2003/|archive-date=May 2, 2013}}</ref> This forecast was adjusted upward slightly on April&nbsp;2.<ref>{{cite report|author1=William M. Gray |author2=Philip J. Klotzbach|date=April 2, 2004|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2004|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=September 1, 2014|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/april2004/|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720183418/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/april2004|archive-date=July 20, 2008}}</ref> On May&nbsp;17, prior to the start of the season, NOAA forecasters predicted a 50% probability of activity above the normal range, with twelve to fifteen tropical storms, six to eight of those becoming hurricanes, and two to four those hurricanes reaching major intensity.<ref name="NOAA May">{{cite report|date=May 17, 2004|title=Above-normal 2004 Atlantic Hurricane Season Predicted|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=February 25, 2021| url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2225.htm|location=Silver Spring, Maryland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604210149/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2225.htm|archive-date=June 4, 2018}}</ref> Dr. Gray released a prediction on May&nbsp;28 that was similar, with 14 named storms, eight reaching hurricane strength, and three becoming major hurricanes.<ref name="Gray May">{{cite report|author1=William M. Gray |author2=Philip J. Klotzbach|date=May 28, 2004|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2004|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2004/june2004/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060501145811/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/june2004/| archive-date= May 1, 2006 | url-status= live|location=Fort Collins, Colorado}}</ref>

After the season began, Dr. Gray announced he had revised his predictions slightly downwards on August&nbsp;6, citing mild El Niño conditions. His new forecast was thirteen named storms, seven hurricanes, and three reaching major hurricane intensity.<ref name="Gray Aug">{{cite report|author1=William M. Gray |author2=Philip J. Klotzbach|date=August 6, 2004|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2004|publisher=Colorado State University| access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2004/aug2004/|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160701/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2004/aug2004/|archive-date=July 14, 2014}}</ref> On August&nbsp;10, NOAA released an updated prediction as well, with a 90% probability of above-to-near normal activity, but the same number of storms forecast.<ref name="NOAA Aug">{{cite report| date=August 10, 2004|title=An Active 2004 Atlantic Hurricane Season Likely|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=February 25, 2021| url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2282.htm|location=Silver Spring, Maryland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131415/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2282.htm|archive-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref> CSU issued another forecast on September&nbsp;3, indicating sixteen tropical storms, eight hurricanes, and five major hurricanes.<ref>{{cite report|author1=William M. Gray|author2=Philip J. Klotzbach|date=September 3, 2004|title=Forecast of Atlantic Hurricane Activity for September and October 2004 and Seasonal Update Through August|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=September 1, 2014|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/sep2004/|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085931/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/sep2004/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The season ended up with sixteen tropical depressions, fifteen named storms, nine hurricanes, and six major hurricanes,<ref name="mwr">{{cite report|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/mwr_pdf/2004.pdf|title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2004|author1=James L. Franklin |author2=Richard J. Pasch |author3=Lixion A. Avila |author4=John L. Beven II |author5=Miles B. Lawrence |author6=Stacy R. Stewart |author7=Eric S. Blake |date=March 2006|work=Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> which matched CSU's final prediction on October&nbsp;1.<ref>{{cite report|author1=William M. Gray|author2=Philip J. Klotzbach|date=October 1, 2004|title=Forecast of Atlantic Hurricane Activity for September and October 2004 and Seasonal Update Through August|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=September 1, 2014|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/oct2004/|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|archive-date=August 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821090959/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/oct2004/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Seasonal summary==
{{For timeline}}
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  barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
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  from:03/08/2004 till:04/08/2004 color:TD text:
  barset:break
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  from:08/08/2004 till:13/08/2004 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004)|Bonnie (TS)]]"
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  from:13/08/2004 till:21/08/2004 color:C2 text:"Danielle (C2)"
  from:13/08/2004 till:15/08/2004 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Earl (2004)|Earl (TS)]]"
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  from:27/08/2004 till:01/09/2004 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Gaston (2004)|Gaston (C1)]]"
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  from:13/09/2004 till:28/09/2004 color:C3 text:"[[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne (C3)]]"
  from:16/09/2004 till:24/09/2004 color:C4 text:"Karl (C4)"
  from:19/09/2004 till:03/10/2004 color:C1 text:"Lisa (C1)"
  from:08/10/2004 till:10/10/2004 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Matthew (2004)|Matthew (TS)]]"
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[[File:FEMA - 12091 - Photograph by FEMA ITS Mapping and Analysis taken on 11-04-2004 in District of Columbia.jpg|thumb|right|Map of counties in the United States designated as disaster areas in the aftermath of a storm(s)]]
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June&nbsp;1, 2004.<ref name="NOAA Aug"/> However, the first system, Hurricane Alex, did not develop until July&nbsp;31. It was an above average season in which 16&nbsp;tropical cyclones formed. All but one tropical depression attained tropical storm status, and nine of these became hurricanes. Six hurricanes further intensified into major hurricanes.<ref name="mwr"/> Due to a Modoki [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation|El Niño]] – a rare type of El Niño in which unfavorable conditions are produced over the [[Pacific hurricane|eastern Pacific]] instead of the Atlantic basin due to warmer [[sea surface temperatures]] farther west along the equatorial Pacific &ndash; activity was above average.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2317.htm|title=NOAA Announces The Return Of El Niño|date=September 10, 2004|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Silver Spring, Maryland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430065511/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2317.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2018}}</ref> Five hurricanes and three tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 3,270&nbsp;deaths and about $60.9&nbsp;billion in damage.<ref name="impact">{{cite report 
 |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/mwr_pdf/2004.pdf 
 |title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2004 
 |author1=James L. Franklin 
 |author2=Richard J. Pasch 
 |author3=Lixion A. Avila 
 |author4=John L. Beven II 
 |author5=Miles B. Lawrence 
 |author6=Stacy R. Stewart 
 |author7=Eric S. Blake 
 |date=March 2006 
 |work=Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; National Hurricane Center 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |access-date=July 10, 2014 
 |location=Miami, Florida 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-8B10A18E-9C93-43A4-8D5A-FE5739150F3F.pdf 
 |title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 
 |author=William Angel 
 |work=National Hurricane Center 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |access-date=July 10, 2014 
 |location=Asheville, North Carolina 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707185642/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-8B10A18E-9C93-43A4-8D5A-FE5739150F3F.pdf 
 |archive-date=July 7, 2014 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=D5CBBA46-1 
 |title=2004-Bonnie 
 |date=September 14, 2010 
 |publisher=[[Environment Canada]] 
 |access-date=February 25, 2021 
 |location=Moncton, New Brunswick 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118211626/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=D5CBBA46-1 
 |archive-date=November 18, 2017 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization 
 |year=2005 
 |title=Twenty-seventh Hurricane Committee 
 |access-date=July 10, 2014 
 |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FinalHC27Report-English.pdf 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6CUo7YUyW?url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FinalHC27Report-English.pdf 
 |archive-date=November 27, 2012 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |author=William A. Messina Jr. 
 |year=2004 
 |title=An Assessment of Hurricane Charley's Impact on Cuba 
 |publisher=[[University of Florida]] 
 |access-date=July 10, 2014 
 |url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE494 
 |location=Gainesville, Florida 
 |archive-date=July 8, 2006 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708025122/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE494 
 |url-status=dead 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf 
 |title=The Deadliest, Costliest, And Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 To 2010 (And Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts) 
 |author1=Eric S. Blake, Christopher W. Landsea 
 |author2=Ethan J. Gibney 
 |date=August 2011 
 |work=National Hurricane Center 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |access-date=July 10, 2014 
 |location=Miami, Florida 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url=http://willis.dk/Internet/dyn/files/pages/471/Nat_Cat_report_from_Sigma_2005.pdf 
 |title=Natural Catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2004 
 |author1=Aurelia Zanetti 
 |author2=Susanna Schwarz and Rudolf Enz 
 |year=2005 
 |publisher=[[Swiss Re]] 
 |access-date=November 15, 2012 
 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6E8Ntyh2t?url=http://willis.dk/Internet/dyn/files/pages/471/Nat_Cat_report_from_Sigma_2005.pdf 
 |archive-date=February 2, 2013 
 |location=Zurich, Switzerland 
 |url-status=live 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |author=John L. Beven II 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |work=National Hurricane Center 
 |date=December 17, 2004 
 |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Frances 
 |access-date=January 11, 2015 
 |format=PDF 
 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062004_Frances}} 
 |location=Miami, Florida 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |author=Guy Carpenter 
 |date=September 17, 2004 
 |url=http://www.guycarp.com/portal/extranet/pdf/GCBriefings/Property_2004CaribbeanHurricanes.pdf 
 |title=Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan & Jeanne Caribbean Impact 
 |publisher=Guy Carpenter & Company 
 |access-date=April 8, 2007 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103175438/http://www.guycarp.com/portal/extranet/pdf/GCBriefings/Property_2004CaribbeanHurricanes.pdf 
 |archive-date=November 3, 2006 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |author1=James L. Franklin, Daniel P. Brown 
 |author2=Colin McAdie 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |work=National Hurricane Center 
 |date=February 16, 2005 
 |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gaston 
 |access-date=July 10, 2014 
 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072004_Gaston}} 
 |format=PDF 
 |location=Miami, Florida 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092004_Ivan}} 
 |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ivan 
 |author=Stacy R. Stewart 
 |date=May 27, 2005 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |work=National Hurricane Center 
 |access-date=January 11, 2015 
 |format=PDF 
 |location=Miami, Florida 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=7B8A9209-1 
 |title=2004-Ivan 
 |date=October 27, 2010 
 |publisher=Environment Canada 
 |access-date=February 25, 2021 
 |location=Moncton, New Brunswick 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118080603/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=7B8A9209-1 
 |archive-date=November 18, 2018 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL112004_Jeanne}} 
 |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Jeanne 
 |work=National Hurricane Center 
 |date=September 8, 2014 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |author1=Miles B. Lawrence 
 |author2=Hugh Cobb 
 |location=Miami, Florida 
 |access-date=January 25, 2015 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url=http://hurricane.info.usaid.gov/ 
 |title=Hurricane Relief 
 |date=October 14, 2004 
 |publisher=[[United States Agency for International Development]] 
 |access-date=August 29, 2014 
 |location=Washington, D.C. 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015085858/http://hurricane.info.usaid.gov/ 
 |archive-date=October 15, 2004 
 }}
*{{cite report 
 |url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-A4FBB1ED-29FC-44CC-96B4-21E787276D2F.pdf 
 |title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena 
 |author=William Angel 
 |work=National Climatic Data Center 
 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 |access-date=July 8, 2014 
 |location=Asheville, North Carolina 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708220917/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-A4FBB1ED-29FC-44CC-96B4-21E787276D2F.pdf 
 |archive-date=July 8, 2014 
 }}</ref> Additionally, Hurricane Alex and Tropical Storm Earl also caused losses and fatalities, though neither made [[landfall]].<ref name="mwr"/><ref name="swissre"/> The season officially ended on November&nbsp;30, 2004.<ref name="NOAA Aug"/>

[[Tropical cyclogenesis]] began at the end of July, with the development of Hurricane Alex on July&nbsp;31.<ref name="mwr"/> However, it did not become a named storm until the following day, which was the fifth-latest start since the [[1952 Atlantic hurricane season|1952 season]].<ref name="late">{{cite news|newspaper=[[CNN]]|date=August 4, 2004|title=Hurricane Alex Heads Out To Sea|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/WEATHER/08/03/alex/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040806002248/http://www.cnn.com/2004/WEATHER/08/03/alex/index.html|archive-date=August 6, 2004}}</ref> August was an unusually active month, with eight named storms, including Alex, [[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004)|Bonnie]], [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]], Danielle, [[Tropical Storm Earl (2004)|Earl]], [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]], [[Hurricane Gaston (2004)|Gaston]], and Hermine.<ref name="mwr"/> This broke the record for the most named storms in the month of August set in [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933]] and [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWSAT/2004/TWSAT.200409011234|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary|date=September 1, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> This new record was tied in [[2012 Atlantic hurricane season|2012]]. On average, there are only three tropical storms and one to two hurricanes in August.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWSAT/2012/TWSAT.201209011140.txt|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary|date=September 1, 2012|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Of the eight systems that month, five became hurricanes and three strengthened further into major hurricanes. A total of five tropical cyclones developed in September, including the most intense system of the season, Hurricane Ivan. Activity decreased further in October, with the formation of only two systems, Tropical Storm Matthew and Subtropical Storm Nicole. The season then went dormant for over a month and a half, until Tropical Storm Otto developed on November&nbsp;29. Otto was the final tropical cyclone of the season and degenerated into a remnant low pressure on December&nbsp;3.<ref name="mwr"/>

[[File:Frances and Ivan 2004-09-05 1515Z.jpg|thumb|right|Hurricanes Frances (top left) and Ivan (bottom right) on September 5]]
Reflecting the season's high activity, the [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) index for the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season was 227&nbsp;units,{{#tag:ref|The total represents the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for every (sub)tropical storm's intensity of over {{convert|33|kn|mph km/h}}, divided by 10,000 while they are above that threshold; therefore, tropical depressions are not included.|group="nb"}}<ref name="ACE">{{cite report|work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|access-date=August 6, 2017|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html |location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> one of the highest values on record in the basin. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, which is tropical storm strength.<ref name="ACE" />

The 2004&nbsp;season was very deadly, with about 3,270&nbsp;fatalities overall. Nearly all of the deaths were reported in Haiti following the floods and mudslides caused by Tropical Storm Jeanne. The other tropical cyclones that caused fatalities include Hurricane Alex, Charley, Frances, Gaston, and Ivan, and Tropical Storms Bonnie and Earl.<ref name="impact"/> Because four out of the six major hurricanes made several landfalls, the season was also extremely damaging, with losses estimated at $60.9&nbsp;billion, over half of which was caused by Hurricanes Charley and Ivan.<ref name="mwr"/><ref name="costliest">{{cite report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf|title=The Deadliest, Costliest, And Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 To 2010 (And Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts)|author1=Eric S. Blake |author2=Christopher W. Landsea |author3=Ethan J. Gibney |date=August 2011|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> A few other tropical cyclones caused light to moderate damage, including Hurricanes Alex and Gaston and Tropical Storms Bonnie and Matthew. In addition to the 16&nbsp;tropical cyclones of the season, a [[May 2004 Caribbean floods|tropical low in May]] brought torrential flooding to [[Haiti]] and the [[Dominican Republic]], killing 2,000&nbsp;people and causing extensive damage. Although the system was not officially classified as a tropical storm, it did have a [[Atmospheric circulation|circulation]] with loosely organized [[Convection (meteorology)|convection]], resembling a [[subtropical cyclone]].<ref name="May-Haiti">{{cite report|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/?report=hazards&year=2004&month=may#Flooding|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170148/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/?report=hazards&year=2004&month=may|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 3, 2016|title=State of the Climate Global Hazards May 2004|year=2004|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=February 18, 2010|location=Asheville, North Carolina}}</ref>
{{List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons}}

===Records===
The 2004&nbsp;season had numerous unusual occurrences and set many records. However, most of them were surpassed by [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|the following year]]. With six hurricanes reaching at least Category 3 intensity, 2004 also had the most major hurricanes since 1996, a record which would be surpassed in 2005.<ref name="ACE" /> Florida was directly impacted by four major hurricanes during the season &ndash; [[Hurricane Charley]], [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]], [[Hurricane Ivan|Ivan]], and [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]]. This was the first time four tropical cyclones produced hurricane-force winds in one state during a single season since four hurricanes made landfall in [[Texas]] in [[1886 Atlantic hurricane season|1886]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2347.htm|title=NOAA Provides Wrap-up On Very Active 2004 Atlantic Hurricane Season|date=November 30, 2004|access-date=July 10, 2014|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|location=Silver Spring, Maryland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603071949/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2347.htm|archive-date=June 3, 2018}}</ref> There were many other hurricanes in the season that were individually unusual. [[Hurricane Alex (2004)|Hurricane Alex]] was the strongest hurricane on record to intensify north of 38°N latitude.<ref name="AlexTCR">{{cite report|author=James L. Franklin|work=National Hurricane Center
|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 26, 2004|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Alex|access-date=January 11, 2015|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL012004_Alex}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> [[Hurricane Ivan]] was the most unusual storm of the season. Ivan became the southernmost Category 4 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin, as well as the first major hurricane in the Atlantic on record to form as low as 10°N latitude.<ref name="itcr"/> A {{convert|91|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on|sp=us}} [[Wind wave|wave]], possibly the largest ever recorded, was attributed to Ivan; this wave may have been as high as {{convert|131|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=The ten-storey Mexican wave|date=June 15, 2005|newspaper=The Times|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0%2C%2C11069-1654539%2C00.html|location=London, England|author1=Paul Simons |author2=Alan Hamilton|access-date=May 4, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050617004752/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0%2C%2C11069-1654539%2C00.html|archive-date=June 17, 2005}}</ref> Additionally, hurricanes Charley and Ivan ranked as the third and second costliest hurricanes in the United States at the time, respectively, behind only [[Hurricane Andrew]].<ref name="costliest"/> With $60.9&nbsp;billion in damage,<ref name="impact"/> this was the costliest season at the time, until [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|the following year]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2005/nov2005/|title=Summary of 2005 Atlantic Tropical Cyclone and Verification |author1=William M. Gray |author2=Philip J. Klotzbach|date=November 18, 2005|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=August 31, 2014|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809102703/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2005/nov2005/ |archive-date=August 9, 2014 }}</ref>
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==Systems==
===Hurricane Alex===
{{Main|Hurricane Alex (2004)}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Alex 2004-08-05 1245Z.png
 | Track         = Alex 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = July 31
 | Dissipated    = August 6
 | 1-min winds   = 105
 | Pressure      = 957
}}
The interaction between a [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]] and [[tropical wave]] resulted in the development of a tropical depression on July&nbsp;31, while centered about {{convert|200|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of [[Jacksonville, Florida]]. After initially being poorly organized, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Alex late on August&nbsp;1. The storm tracked northeastward and became a hurricane on August&nbsp;3. As Alex moved out to sea, it intensified into a Category&nbsp;3 hurricane and peaked with winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Alex reached major hurricane status second farthest north in the Atlantic, after [[1973 Atlantic hurricane season#Hurricane Ellen|Hurricane Ellen]] in 1973. Eventually, Alex weakened due to cooler sea surface temperatures. The hurricane fell to tropical storm intensity around 12:00&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on August&nbsp;6. Six hours later, it became [[Glossary of tropical cyclone terms#E|extratropical]] while located about {{convert|955|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of [[Cape Race]], Newfoundland, and was soon absorbed by a large [[extratropical cyclone]].<ref name="AlexTCR"/>

Rough seas and a storm surge up to {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=on}} on the [[Outer Banks]] of [[North Carolina]] caused minor [[Coastal erosion|beach erosion]] and washed out portions of a highway in [[Cape Fear (headland)|Cape Fear]]. A man drowned near [[Nags Head, North Carolina|Nags Head]] due to these conditions. Strong winds also pelted the area, with sustained winds reaching {{convert|77|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts up to {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Hatteras, North Carolina|Hatteras]].<ref name="AlexTCR"/> As a result, 10,000&nbsp;buildings and houses were left without electricity.<ref name="power">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=August 3, 2004|title=Hurricane Alex leaving thousands in the dark|access-date=May 22, 2006|url=http://rdu.news14.com/content/weather/weather_stories/?ArID=52524&SecID=299|location=Hatteras, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522040428/http://rdu.news14.com/content/weather/weather_stories/?ArID=52524&SecID=299|archive-date=May 22, 2006}}</ref> The combination of strong winds and the storm surge damaged more than 100 buildings and houses.<ref name="mornws">{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Office in Newport/Morehead City, North Carolina|date=August 6, 2004|author1=John Cole |author2=Richard Bandy|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|title=Hurricane Alex Impacts Eastern North Carolina|access-date=February 25, 2021|url=https://www.weather.gov/mhx/Aug032004EventReview|location=Newport, North Carolina}}</ref> At [[Ocracoke, North Carolina|Ocracoke]], [[coastal flooding]] was considered the worst since [[Hurricane Gloria]] in 1985.<ref name="AlexTCR"/> Additionally, rainfall up to {{convert|7.55|in|mm|abbr=on}} on the Outer Banks flooded nearly 500&nbsp;cars.<ref name="mornws"/> Damage in North Carolina reached about $7.5&nbsp;million. In [[Rehoboth Beach, Delaware]], three people were injured by rip currents, while five others were hospitalized in [[New Jersey]].<ref name="stormdata8">{{cite report|url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-8B10A18E-9C93-43A4-8D5A-FE5739150F3F.pdf|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|author=William Angel|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Asheville, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707185642/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-8B10A18E-9C93-43A4-8D5A-FE5739150F3F.pdf|archive-date=July 7, 2014}}</ref>
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===Tropical Storm Bonnie===
{{Main|Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004)}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = TS Bonnie 11 aug 2004 1650Z.jpg
 | Track         = Bonnie 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = August 3
 | Dissipated    = August 14
 | 1-min winds   = 55
 | Pressure      = 1001
}}

A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Two on August&nbsp;3, while located about {{convert|315|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of [[Barbados]]. The depression crossed the [[Lesser Antilles]] on August&nbsp;4, before degenerating back into a tropical wave. The remnants traversed the Caribbean Sea, and re-developed into Tropical Depression Two on August&nbsp;8. The depression strengthened further upon reaching the Gulf of Mexico and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Bonnie on August&nbsp;9. A break in a mid-level ridge re-curved Bonnie northward on August&nbsp;10 and then northeastward on August&nbsp;11. Later that day, the storm peaked with winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, before wind shear began weakening it. At 14:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;12, Bonnie made landfall near [[Apalachicola, Florida]] with winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The storm rapidly weakened inland and degenerated as a remnant low offshore of New Jersey on August&nbsp;14.<ref name="btcr">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|date=October 5, 2004|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Bonnie|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=January 11, 2014|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL022004_Bonnie}}|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

In the Lesser Antilles, the storm brought light winds and mostly localized flooding to [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]].<ref name="stvindam">{{cite report|work=National Emergency Office, St Vincent|publisher=[[Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency]]|date=August 4, 2004|title=Airport in St Vincent temporarily closed due to flooding|access-date=May 18, 2006|url=http://www.cdera.org/cunews/sitrep/article_378.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928140943/http://www.cdera.org/cunews/sitrep/article_378.php|archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> The regenerated system brought light rainfall to the [[Yucatán Peninsula]].<ref>{{in lang|es}} {{cite report|url=http://www.semar.gob.mx/meteorologia/huracanes_atlantico/TT%20Bonnie.pdf |title=Tormenta Tropical "Bonnie" |publisher=[[Mexican Navy]] |access-date=July 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100321/http://www.semar.gob.mx/meteorologia/huracanes_atlantico/TT%20Bonnie.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }}</ref> In [[North Florida]], scattered power outages were reported, and rainfall and storm surge flooded roads, especially in [[Taylor County, Florida|Taylor County]]. A tornado in Jacksonville damaged several businesses and homes. Tornadoes were also reported in The Carolinas, and Virginia, with one in North Carolina destroying 17&nbsp;homes and impacting 59&nbsp;others. It also caused three deaths and $1.27&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="stormdata8"/> In [[Greenville County, South Carolina]], a few roads were washed out, while portions of [[U.S. Route 501]] were inundated with {{convert|1|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=2166556|title=Bonnie brings high winds, tornadoes around SC|author=Brett Witt|date=August 13, 2004|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=[[WIS (TV)|WIS]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Columbia, South Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054224/http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=2166556|archive-date=February 4, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Minor flooding also occurred in Mid-Atlantic and New England.<ref name="stormdata8"/> In Atlantic Canada, basement and road flooding was reported, especially in [[Edmundston|Edmundston, New Brunswick]], New Brunswick. Slick roads caused one death in that area.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=D5CBBA46-1|title=2004-Bonnie|date=September 14, 2010|publisher=[[Environment Canada]]|access-date=February 25, 2021|location=Moncton, New Brunswick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118211626/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=D5CBBA46-1|archive-date=November 18, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Charley ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Charley 2004-08-13 1815Z.png
 | Track         = Charley 2004 path.png
 | Formed        = August 9
 | Dissipated    = August 14
 | 1-min winds   = 130
 | Pressure      = 941
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Charley}}
A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Three on August&nbsp;9 to the south-southeast of Barbados. Early on August&nbsp;10, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Charley, before reaching hurricane intensity south of Jamaica on August&nbsp;11. Charley continued to strengthen after curving northwestward and was a {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} Category&nbsp;3 hurricane when it made landfall near [[Alquízar]], Cuba on August&nbsp;13. After emerging into the [[Straits of Florida]], Charley weakened to a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane. However, the storm abruptly strengthened into a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane later on August&nbsp;13, with winds peaking at {{convert|150|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. At 19:45&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;13, Charley made landfall at [[Cayo Costa State Park|Cayo Costa]], Florida, followed by another landfall in [[Punta Gorda, Florida|Punta Gorda]] about an hour later. Charley rapidly weakened over Florida, falling to Category&nbsp;1 by early on August&nbsp;14. Later that day, the storm emerged into the Atlantic, before making two more landfalls in [[Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge|Cape Romain]] and [[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]] as a minimal hurricane. Late on August&nbsp;14, Charley weakened to a tropical storm over southeastern North Carolina, shortly before becoming extratropical near [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref name="ctrc">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032004_Charley}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Charley|author1=Richard J. Pasch |author2=Daniel P. Brown |author3=Eric S. Blake |date=September 15, 2011|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The storm brought rainfall and strong winds to the island of Jamaica. In [[Westmoreland Parish]], flooding inundated several homes and damaged roadways. Winds in the parish caused a large tree to fall on a house, resulting in significant damage to the home.<ref name="Jamaica5">{{Cite report|publisher=Jamaica Information Service|date=August 12, 2004|access-date=August 24, 2009|title=Hurricane Charley Left Minimal Damage in Western Jamaica|url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/news/archive/3377-land_environment-hurricane-charley-left-minimal-damage-in-western-jamaica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718041850/http://www.jis.gov.jm/news/archive/3377-land_environment-hurricane-charley-left-minimal-damage-in-western-jamaica|archive-date=July 18, 2013|location=Kingston, Jamaica}}</ref> In [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], high winds damaged power lines and homes. Widespread power outages occurred due to numerous downed trees and power lines.<ref name="Jamaica11">{{Cite news|author1=John Myers Jr.|author2=Erica James-King|newspaper=The Jamaica Gleaner|date=August 13, 2004|access-date=July 10, 2014|title=Charley wreaks havoc on homes|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040813/lead/lead2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612070930/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040813/lead/lead2.html|archive-date=2012-06-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> The storm left $4.1&nbsp;million in damage and one fatality in Jamaica.<ref name="2004wmo">{{cite report|publisher=World Meteorological Organization |year=2005 |title=Twenty-seventh Hurricane Committee |access-date=July 10, 2014 |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FinalHC27Report-English.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927230759/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FinalHC27Report-English.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2012 }}</ref> Winds up to {{convert|118|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in Cuba left all of [[Pinar del Río Province]] and more than 50% of [[La Habana Province]] without electricity for several days.<ref name="2004wmo"/><ref name="cubass">{{cite report|author=William A. Messina Jr.|year=2004|title=An Assessment of Hurricane Charley's Impact on Cuba|publisher=[[University of Florida]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE494|location=Gainesville, Florida|archive-date=July 8, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708025122/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE494|url-status=dead}}</ref> At least 70,290&nbsp;homes and about 3,000&nbsp;agricultural buildings were either damaged or destroyed. Roughly 95% of sugar cane, bean, and banana crops were ruined. There were four deaths and $923&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="cubass"/> Impact in Florida was extreme: strong winds caused 2&nbsp;million power outages and destroyed more than 2,439&nbsp;structures and impacted over 26,749&nbsp;others. Charley caused 24&nbsp;deaths and 792&nbsp;injuries. Agricultural losses were heavy, especially to oranges. Damage to agriculture totaled about $2.2&nbsp;billion. In South Carolina, 2,231&nbsp;houses were damaged, with 2,317&nbsp;of those severely damaged and 40&nbsp;were destroyed.<ref name="stormdata8"/> Approximately 141,000&nbsp;people were left without electricity. Port Charlotte was left without electricity for 13 days.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/docs/charley/hurrcharley_sitrept_081404_1500.pdf|title=Hurricane Charley Situation Report|date=August 14, 2004|work=Office of Energy Assurance|publisher=[[United States Department of Energy]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054859/http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/docs/charley/hurrcharley_sitrept_081404_1500.pdf|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Winds up to {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in North Carolina downed trees and power lines, and left 65,000&nbsp;homes without power. Charley destroyed 40&nbsp;houses and damaged 2,231&nbsp;other homes in the state.<ref name="stormdata8"/> Throughout the United States, the storm caused $16&nbsp;billion in damage,<ref name="costliest"/> with nearly of all of it in Florida.<ref name="stormdata8"/> The remnants of Charley produced light rainfall in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=CF46E04E-1|title=2004-Charley|date=September 14, 2010|publisher=Environment Canada|access-date=February 25, 2021|location=Moncton, New Brunswick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118080523/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=CF46E04E-1|archive-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Hurricane Danielle===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Danielle 2004-08-16 1615Z.png
 | Track         = Danielle 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = August 13
 | Dissipated    = August 21
 | 1-min winds   = 95
 | Pressure      = 964
}}
A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Four while south-southeast of [[Cape Verde]] on August&nbsp;13.<ref name="dtcr">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042004_Danielle}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Danielle|author=Stacy R. Stewart|date=November 19, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=January 11, 2015|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Although [[sea surface temperatures]] were only marginally warm,<ref>{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=August 13, 2004|access-date=July 10, 2014|title=Tropical Depression Four Discussion 2|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al042004.discus.002.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Danielle early on August&nbsp;14. Further intensification occurred and by early on August&nbsp;15, Danielle reached hurricane status. The storm deepened significantly over the next 24&nbsp;hours and became a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane. Later on August&nbsp;16, Danielle peaked as strong Category&nbsp;2 hurricane with winds of {{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|964|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}.<ref name="dtcr"/>

At the time of peak intensity on August&nbsp;16, Danielle was heading northward to north-northwestward because of a subtropical ridge. Shortly thereafter, southwesterly vertical shear began increasing, causing the hurricane to weaken. Mid-level flow associated with a diffluent trough caused Danielle to move northeastward on August&nbsp;18. Later that day Danielle deteriorated to a Category&nbsp;1 hurricane, hours before being downgraded to a tropical storm. On August&nbsp;19, Danielle became nearly stationary and moved erratically while southwest of the [[Azores]]. Eventually, the storm curved west-southwestward and weakened to a tropical depression on August&nbsp;20. About 24&nbsp;hours later, Danielle degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. The remnant low moved westward and then to the north-northwest, before dissipating about {{convert|795|mi|km|abbr=on}} west-southwest of the westernmost islands of the Azores.<ref name="dtcr"/>
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===Tropical Storm Earl===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Earl 2004-08-15.jpg
 | Track         = Earl 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = August 13
 | Dissipated    = August 15
 | 1-min winds   = 45
 | Pressure      = 1009
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Earl (2004)}}
By August&nbsp;13, a tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Five while located about {{convert|1150|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of the Lesser Antilles. The depression headed westward between {{convert|21|and|29|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} due to a strong subtropical ridge located to its north. After developing banding features and an increase in [[Dvorak intensity]] estimates, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Earl at 18:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;14. The storm strengthened slightly further and on the following day, it reached maximum sustained winds of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Later on August&nbsp;15, Earl crossed the Windward Islands and passed just south of [[Grenada]].<ref name="etcr">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL052004_Earl}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Earl|author=Miles B. Lawrence|format=PDF|date=November 24, 2004|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=January 11, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Although Earl appeared well-organized, it unexpectedly degenerated into a tropical wave on August&nbsp;16, after a reconnaissance aircraft reported no closed circulation. The remnants eventually reached the Pacific Ocean and developed into [[2004 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Frank|Hurricane Frank]] on August&nbsp;23.<ref name="etcr"/> Tropical storm force winds and heavy rainfall in Grenada damaged at least 34&nbsp;homes<ref name="GrenadaReport">{{cite news|newspaper=Grenada Today|date=August 28, 2004|access-date=July 10, 2014|title=Tropical Storm Earl Report|url=http://www.belgrafix.com/gtoday/2004news/August/Aug%2028/Report%20on%20Tropical%20Storm%20Earl.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020232742/http://www.belgrafix.com/gtoday/2004news/August/Aug%2028/Report%20on%20Tropical%20Storm%20Earl.htm|archive-date=2014-10-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a nursing home<ref name="HB1">{{cite news|author=Loren Brown|agency=Associated Press|date=August 16, 2004|access-date=July 10, 2014|title=Tropical Storm Earl Hits Caribbean Isles|newspaper=[[HighBeam Research]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-97657044.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025185459/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-97657044.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 25, 2012|location=St. Georges, Grenada}}</ref> and toppled several trees and electrical poles.<ref name="GrenadaReport"/> Damage on other islands was confined to a few impacted homes, moderate crop losses, and widespread power outages, especially in [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] and [[Tobago]].<ref name="JO1">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=Jamaica Observer|date=August 16, 2004|access-date=June 6, 2009|title=Keep an eye on Tropical Storm Earl|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20040815T220000-0500_64587_OBS_KEEP_AN_EYE_ON_TROPICAL_STORM_EARL.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234343/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20040815T220000-0500_64587_OBS_KEEP_AN_EYE_ON_TROPICAL_STORM_EARL.asp|archive-date=September 26, 2007}}</ref> One fatality occurred and 19&nbsp;people were listed as missing.<ref name="swissre">{{cite report|url=http://willis.dk/Internet/dyn/files/pages/471/Nat_Cat_report_from_Sigma_2005.pdf |title=Natural Catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2004 |author1=Aurelia Zanetti |author2=Susanna Schwarz and Rudolf Enz |year=2005 |publisher=[[Swiss Re]] |access-date=November 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6E8Ntyh2t?url=http://willis.dk/Internet/dyn/files/pages/471/Nat_Cat_report_from_Sigma_2005.pdf |archive-date=February 2, 2013 |location=Zurich, Switzerland |url-status=live }}</ref>
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===Hurricane Frances===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Frances 2004 near Hispaniola.jpg
 | Track         = Frances 2004 path.png
 | Formed        = August 24
 | Dissipated    = September 8
 | 1-min winds   = 125
 | Pressure      = 935
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Frances}}
{{See also|Hurricane Frances tornado outbreak|Effects of Hurricane Frances in the Treasure Coast}}
Around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;24, a tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Six, while located about {{convert|755|mi|km|abbr=on}} west-southwest of the southernmost islands of Cape Verde. Moving west-northwestward, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Frances later that day. Frances reached hurricane status late on August&nbsp;25 while curving northwestward. By August&nbsp;28, the storm reached an initial peak intensity as a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane with winds of {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Late the following day, Frances weakened to a Category&nbsp;3 hurricane during an [[eyewall replacement cycle]]. However, by August&nbsp;31, the storm re-intensified into a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane and attained its maximum sustained wind speed of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Although approaching the Bahamas, wind shear and increasing westerly winds aloft caused Frances to weaken to a Category&nbsp;3 hurricane late on September&nbsp;2.<ref name="FrancesTCR"/>

At 19:30&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;2, the system made landfall on [[San Salvador Island]] with winds of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Early the next day, Frances struck [[Cat Island, Bahamas|Cat Island]] while somewhat weaker. The system decelerated and weakened slightly to a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane before landfall in [[Eleuthera]] hours later. By September&nbsp;4, Frances made another landfall on [[Grand Bahama]] with winds of {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Moving slowly west-northwestward, the hurricane made landfall in [[Hutchinson Island (Florida)|Hutchinson Island]], Florida at the same intensity, early on September&nbsp;5. Rapidly weakening, Frances fell to Category&nbsp;1 intensity around midday and deteriorated to a tropical storm about six hours later. On September&nbsp;6, the storm emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near [[New Port Richey, Florida|New Port Richey]], before another landfall at the mouth of the [[Aucilla River]] with winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Early on September&nbsp;7, Frances weakened to a tropical depression over [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. By late the next day, the system became extratropical, though the remnants persisted until dissipation over the [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]] on September&nbsp;11.<ref name="FrancesTCR">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven II|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=December 17, 2004|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Frances|access-date=January 11, 2015|format=PDF|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062004_Frances}}|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

In the Bahamas, about 75% of residents lost electricity. Between 13 and 17&nbsp;percent of the non-native [[Australian pine]] on San Salvador Island experienced damage, primarily from snapping, though some browning from salt spray was noted.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=John C Rodgers III |author2=Douglas W. Gamble|title=The impact of Hurricane Frances (2004) on the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia L.) on San Salvador Island, The Bahamas|journal=Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society|number=3|issn=1940-0616|publisher=[[Mississippi State University]] and [[University of North Carolina]]|date=July–September 2008|volume=135}}</ref> Several feet of water flooded the international airport at [[Freeport, Bahamas|Freeport]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Joseph B. Treaster|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E7DF1E31F936A3575AC0A9629C8B63|title=Hurricane Frances: The Bahamas: Damage Is Mostly Light as Storm Pelts Island Chain|date=September 5, 2004|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> Insured losses reached about $300&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite report|author=Guy Carpenter|date=September 17, 2004|url=http://www.guycarp.com/portal/extranet/pdf/GCBriefings/Property_2004CaribbeanHurricanes.pdf|title=Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan & Jeanne Caribbean Impact|publisher=Guy Carpenter & Company|access-date=April 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103175438/http://www.guycarp.com/portal/extranet/pdf/GCBriefings/Property_2004CaribbeanHurricanes.pdf|archive-date=November 3, 2006}}</ref> Severe damage was also dealt to banana, corn, and pineapple crops. About 4,160&nbsp;homes received minor damage, while 2,522&nbsp;houses were rendered uninhabitable or destroyed.<ref name="bahamasaftermath">{{cite report|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bahamas)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]|date=October 6, 2004|url=http://mfabahamas.org/PM%20speech%20to%20the%20house%20on%20hurricane%20damage.htm|title=Communication to Parliament on Hurricane Frances and an addendum report on Hurricane Jeanne by the Rt. Hon. Perry G. Christie, Prime Minister and Minister of Finance|access-date=April 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026013739/http://www.mfabahamas.org/PM%20speech%20to%20the%20house%20on%20hurricane%20damage.htm|archive-date=October 26, 2007}}</ref> About 700&nbsp;people were left homeless. Additionally, sea walls, schools, bridges, roads, and docks were damaged.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/bahamas/frances-leaves-deep-scars-battered-bahamas|title=Frances leaves deep scars on battered Bahamas|author=John Marquis|date=September 7, 2004|agency=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[ReliefWeb]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Nassau, Bahamas}}</ref> Strong winds brought severe damage to Florida, especially counties along the east coast. Hundreds of homes, mobile homes, and businesses were destroyed in [[Indian River County, Florida|Indian River]], [[Martin County, Florida|Martin]], and [[St. Lucie County, Florida|St. Lucie]] counties, and damage was inflicted on thousands of other structures there. In the tri-county area alone, damage totaled approximately $4.5&nbsp;billion.<ref name="stormdata9">{{cite report|url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-50D4343B-CB1E-48A9-A04F-8C05353B8D81.pdf|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|author=William Angel|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Asheville, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708034733/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-50D4343B-CB1E-48A9-A04F-8C05353B8D81.pdf|archive-date=July 8, 2014}}</ref> [[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach County]] also suffered particularly severely, with 15,000&nbsp;houses and 2,400&nbsp;businesses damaged there.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.weather.gov/mfl/frances|title=Hurricane Frances: September 5, 2004|date=April 8, 2010|work=[[National Weather Service Miami, Florida|National Weather Service Office Miami, Florida]]|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=February 25, 2021|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> About 4.27&nbsp;million customers were left without electricity in Florida.<ref name="fl2004energy">{{cite report|url=http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/docs/fl2004energy.pdf|title=Florida State's Energy Emergency Response to the 2004 Hurricanes|date=June 2005|work=Office of Energy Assurance|publisher=United States Department of Energy|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> Frances and its remnants brought extensive flooding to other states, especially in Georgia, North Carolina, [[Ohio]], and [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name="stormdata9"/> The storm [[2004 Hurricane Frances tornado outbreak|spawned 101&nbsp;tornadoes]] in the United States, with 45&nbsp;in South Carolina alone.<ref name="FrancesTCR"/> Damage in the United States totaled approximately $9.8&nbsp;billion, placing Frances among the costliest hurricanes in the country.<ref name="costliest"/> Overall, the storm caused 49&nbsp;deaths, two each in the Bahamas and Ohio, eight in Georgia, and thirty-seven in Florida.<ref name="FrancesTCR"/>
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===Hurricane Gaston===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Gaston 2004-08-29 0710Z.jpg
 | Track         = Gaston 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = August 27
 | Dissipated    = September 1
 | 1-min winds   = 65
 | Pressure      = 985
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Gaston (2004)}}
A frontal low-pressure area developed into Tropical Depression Seven at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;27, while located about {{convert|130|mi|km|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. The depression gradually strengthened and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gaston early on August&nbsp;28. Initially, Gaston tracked slowly, moving southeastward and then westward, before a developing mid- to upper-level ridge re-curved the storm northwestward. Gaston strengthened and briefly became a hurricane at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;29, although operationally it was thought to have peaked as a strong tropical storm. Two hours later, the storm made landfall near [[Awendaw, South Carolina]] with winds of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Gaston weakened rapidly inland and was only a tropical depression by early on August&nbsp;30. Gaston re-strengthened into a tropical storm while located over eastern [[Virginia]] on August&nbsp;31, just hours before emerging into the Atlantic. Gaston re-intensified slightly further, but became extratropical near [[Sable Island]] on September&nbsp;1.<ref name="GastonTCR">{{cite report|author1=James L. Franklin |author2=Daniel P. Brown |author3=Colin McAdie |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center| date=February 16, 2005|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gaston|access-date=January 11, 2015|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072004_Gaston}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

In South Carolina, an unofficial measurement indicated wind gusts up to {{convert|82|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in South Capers Island, which is near [[Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island|Parris Island]].<ref name="GastonTCR"/> Strong winds destroyed eight homes, damaged more than 3,000&nbsp;buildings, and left more than 150,000&nbsp;people without power.<ref name="stormdata9"/> Additionally, flash flooding further inland severely damaged or destroyed at least 20&nbsp;homes in [[Berkeley County, South Carolina|Berkeley County]].<ref name="GastonTCR"/> In North Carolina, widespread street flooding occurred, including inundation of portions of [[Interstate 40|Interstates 40]] and [[Interstate 95|95]]. Several trees were downed by strong winds, especially in [[Chatham County, North Carolina|Chatham]] and [[Johnston County, North Carolina|Johnston]] counties. A tornado in [[Hoke County, North Carolina|Hoke County]] damaged several homes.<ref name="stormdata8"/> Severe flooding occurred in east-central Virginia due to rainfall amounts up to {{convert|12.6|in|mm|abbr=on}}.{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} In [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield]], [[Dinwiddie County, Virginia|Dinwiddie]], [[Hanover County, Virginia|Hanover]], [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico]], and [[Prince George County, Virginia|Prince George]] counties, 350&nbsp;homes and 230&nbsp;businesses were damaged or destroyed,<ref name="GastonTCR"/> and many roads were closed due to high water. In [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], more than 120&nbsp;roads were closed, including a portion of Interstate 95.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/storm/content/weather/special/storm/2004/atlantic/gaston/news.html|title=Gaston Recap|date=September 2004|newspaper=[[The Palm Beach Post]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309171113/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/storm/content/weather/special/storm/2004/atlantic/gaston/news.html|archive-date=March 9, 2005}}</ref> There were nine fatalities. Throughout the United States, Gaston caused about $130&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="GastonTCR"/> The remnants produced light rainfall in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Sable Island.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=B7D03DC8-1|title=2004-Gaston|date=September 14, 2010|publisher=Environment Canada|access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118080542/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=B7D03DC8-1|archive-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref>
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===Tropical Storm Hermine===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Hermine 2004-08-30 1535Z.jpg
 | Track         = Hermine 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = August 27
 | Dissipated    = August 31
 | 1-min winds   = 50
 | Pressure      = 1002
}}
The frontal zone that spawned [[Hurricane Gaston (2004)|Hurricane Gaston]] developed an area of convection south of [[Bermuda]] on August&nbsp;25. After detaching from the front and developing a circulation, the system became a tropical depression at 18:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;27. It initially remained weak while the convection fluctuated, until intensifying into Tropical Storm Hermine at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;29.<ref name="HermineTCR">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|date=October 20, 2004|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Hermine|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=January 11, 2015|format=PDF|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082004_Hermine}}|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Later that day, wind shear exposed the circulation to the north of the convection,<ref>{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Storm Hermine Discussion Number 1|date=August 29, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al082004.discus.001.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> though the storm was able to a peak as a {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} tropical storm on August&nbsp;30.<ref name="HermineTCR"/> The storm turned northward under the steering currents of a subtropical ridge.<ref>{{cite report|author=Brian R. Jarvinen|title=Tropical Storm Hermine Discussion Number 3|date=August 30, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al082004.discus.003.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Increased wind shear from Gaston weakened Hermine. By late on August&nbsp;30, the circulation was entirely exposed from the convection.<ref name="HermineTCR"/><ref>{{cite report|author=Miles B. Lawrence|title=Tropical Storm Hermine Discussion Number 4|date=August 30, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 10, 2014|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al082004.discus.004.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Early on August&nbsp;31, Hermine made landfall near [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]] as a minimal tropical storm. It rapidly weakened while moving northward, and after becoming extratropical, Hermine was absorbed by a frontal zone later that day. The storm brought tropical storm force winds and light rainfall to eastern Massachusetts, reaching about {{convert|0.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} on [[Cape Cod]].<ref name="HermineTCR"/> The remnants of Hermine tracked across [[New Brunswick]] and produced locally heavy rainfall, peaking at about {{convert|2.36|in|mm|abbr=on}}. In [[Moncton, New Brunswick|Moncton]], minor basement flooding and street closures were reported.<ref name="h-ec">{{cite report|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=62C3D742-1|title=2004-Hermine|date=September 14, 2010|publisher=Environment Canada|access-date=February 25, 2021|location=Moncton, New Brunswick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118080552/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=62C3D742-1|archive-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref>
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===Hurricane Ivan===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Ivan 2004-09-13 1900Z (alternate).jpg
 | Track         = Ivan 2004 path.png
 | Formed        = September 2
 | Dissipated    = September 24
 | 1-min winds   = 145
 | Pressure      = 910
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Ivan}}
{{See also|Meteorological history of Hurricane Ivan|Effects of Hurricane Ivan in the Lesser Antilles and South America|Effects of Hurricane Ivan in the Greater Antilles|Effects of Hurricane Ivan in Florida|Effects of Hurricane Ivan in Alabama|Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak}}
A westward-moving tropical wave developed into a tropical depression on September&nbsp;2, before becoming Tropical Storm Ivan on the following day. Tracking westward, Ivan gradually strengthened, reaching hurricane intensity on September&nbsp;5. On September&nbsp;6, the storm strengthened significantly, becoming a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane, despite being located at an unusually low latitude. It subsequently weakened, though it reached major hurricane status again the next day. Late on September&nbsp;7, Ivan passed close to [[Grenada]] while heading west-northwestward. Although located near the [[Netherlands Antilles]] on September&nbsp;9, Ivan briefly became a Category&nbsp;5 hurricane. During the next five days, Ivan fluctuated between a Category&nbsp;4 and 5&nbsp;hurricane. The storm passed south of Jamaica on September&nbsp;11 and then the [[Cayman Islands]] on the next day. Although curving northwestward, Ivan brushed western Cuba as a Category&nbsp;5 hurricane on September&nbsp;14.<ref name="itcr"/>

Shortly after moving to the west of Cuba on September&nbsp;14, Ivan entered the Gulf of Mexico. Over the next two days, the storm gradually weakened while tracking north-northwestward and northward. At 06:50&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;16, Ivan made landfall near [[Gulf Shores, Alabama]] with winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. It quickly weakened inland, falling to tropical storm status later that day and tropical depression strength by early on September&nbsp;17. The storm curved northeastward and eventually reached the [[Delmarva Peninsula]], where it became extratropical on September&nbsp;18. The remnants of Ivan moved southward and then southwestward, crossing Florida on September&nbsp;21 and re-entering the Gulf of Mexico later that day. Late on September&nbsp;22, the remnants regenerated into Ivan in the central Gulf of Mexico as a tropical depression, shortly before re-strengthening into a tropical storm. After reaching winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, wind shear weakened Ivan back to a tropical depression on September&nbsp;24. Shortly thereafter, Ivan made a final landfall near [[Holly Beach, Louisiana]] with winds of {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and subsequently dissipated hours later.<ref name="itcr">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092004_Ivan}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ivan|author=Stacy R. Stewart|date=May 27, 2005|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=January 11, 2015|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
 
Throughout the Lesser Antilles and in Venezuela, Ivan caused 44&nbsp;deaths and slightly more than $1.15&nbsp;billion in losses, with nearly all of the damage and fatalities in Grenada.<ref name="itcr"/><ref name="2004wmo"/> Although Ivan was passing south of [[Hispaniola]], the outer bands of the storm caused four deaths in the Dominican Republic.<ref name="2004wmo"/> In Jamaica, high winds and heavy rainfall left $360&nbsp;million in damage and killed 17&nbsp;people.<ref name="itcr"/> The storm brought strong winds to the Cayman Islands, resulting in two deaths and $3.5&nbsp;billion in damage. In Cuba, a combination of rainfall, storm surge, and winds resulted in $1.2&nbsp;billion in damage, but no fatalities.<ref name="2004wmo"/> Heavy damage was reported along the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]]. Along the waterfront of [[Escambia County, Florida|Escambia]] and [[Santa Rosa County, Florida|Santa Rosa]] counties in Florida, nearly every structure was impacted.<ref name="stormdata9"/> In the former, 10,000&nbsp;roofs were damaged or destroyed. About 4,600&nbsp;homes were demolished in the county.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jun-12-na-arlene12-story.html|title=Arlene Trace's Hurricane Ivan's Route|author1=Carol Williams |author2=John-Thor Dahlburg|date=June 12, 2005|agency=[[The Nation]]|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Mobile, Alabama}}</ref> Similar impact occurred in Alabama. Property damage was major along Perdido Bay, Big Lagoon, Bayou Grande, Pensacola Bay and Escambia Bay. A number of homes were completely washed away by the high surge. Further inland, thousands of other houses were damaged or destroyed in many counties.<ref name="stormdata9"/> Ivan produced a record [[Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak|tornado outbreak]], with at least 119&nbsp;twisters spawned collectively in nine states.<ref name="NWSTallahassee">{{cite report|author1=Andrew I. Watson |author2=Michael A. Jamski |author3=T.J. Turnage |author4=Joshua R. Bowen |author5=Jason C. Kelley |work=National Weather Service office in Tallahassee, Florida|publisher=American Meteorological Society|year=2005|access-date=August 28, 2014|title=The Tornado Outbreak across the North Florida Panhandle in association with Hurricane Ivan|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/tae/pdf/research/AMS_RadarConf.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605044021/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/tae/pdf/research/AMS_RadarConf.pdf|archive-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> Throughout the United States, the hurricane left 54&nbsp;fatalities and $20.5&nbsp;billion in damage.<ref name="costliest"/><ref name="itcr"/> Six deaths were also reported in Atlantic Canada.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=7B8A9209-1|title=2004-Ivan|date=October 27, 2010|publisher=Environment Canada|access-date=February 25, 2021|location=Moncton, New Brunswick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118080603/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=7B8A9209-1|archive-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref>
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===Tropical Depression Ten===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = TD ten 2004.jpg
 | Track         = 10-L 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = September 7
 | Dissipated    = September 9
 | 1-min winds   = 30
 | Pressure      = 1009
}}
A tropical wave accompanied with a well-organized area of convection emerged off the western coast of Africa on August&nbsp;29. Performing a slow curve over the eastern Atlantic, the wave became increasingly less-defined over subsequent days as a result of strong southwesterly wind shear. Following the development of shower and thunderstorm activity near the center, the system acquired enough organization to be deemed a tropical depression at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;7, while positioned about {{convert|725|mi|km|abbr=on}} southwest of the southernmost Azores. Hostile environmental conditions caused the depression to remain below tropical storm intensity and subsequently degenerate into a remnant low by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;9 after the center decoupled from the remainder of the convective activity. The low-level circulation persisted near the Azores until dissipating the following day.<ref>{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Ten|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL102004_Ten}}|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=November 21, 2004|access-date=January 25, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Hurricane Jeanne===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Jeanne 2004-09-26 0315Z.jpg
 | Track         = Jeanne 2004 path.png
 | Formed        = September 13
 | Dissipated    = September 28
 | 1-min winds   = 105
 | Pressure      = 950
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Jeanne}}
{{see also|Meteorological history of Hurricane Jeanne|Effects of Hurricane Jeanne in Puerto Rico|Effects of Hurricane Jeanne in the Mid-Atlantic region|Effects of Hurricane Jeanne in the Treasure Coast}}
Tropical Depression Eleven developed from a tropical wave at 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;13, while located about {{convert|70|mi|km|abbr=on}} east-southeast of Guadeloupe. After crossing the island while moving west-northwestward, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Jeanne around midday on September&nbsp;14. It strengthened further in the Caribbean Sea, before making landfall near [[Guayama, Puerto Rico]] with winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at 16:00&nbsp;UTC the following day. Hours later, Jeanne emerged into the [[Mona Passage]] and resumed deepening, becoming at Category&nbsp;1 hurricane at midday on September&nbsp;16. Around the time, the hurricane made another landfall at the eastern tip of Dominican Republic with winds of {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. By early on September&nbsp;17, Jeanne weakened to a tropical storm due to its slow movement over the rough terrain of Hispaniola, and briefly fell to tropical depression intensity at 18:00&nbsp;UTC. After re-emerging into the Atlantic, the storm then moved generally northward. After the system passed between the eastern Bahamas and [[Turks and Caicos Islands]] on September&nbsp;18, slow re-intensification occurred.<ref name="JeanneTCR">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL112004_Jeanne}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Jeanne|work=National Hurricane Center|date=September 8, 2014|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|author1=Miles B. Lawrence |author2=Hugh Cobb|location=Miami, Florida|access-date=January 25, 2015}}</ref>

Late on September&nbsp;20, Jeanne again became a Category&nbsp;1 hurricane; around that time, it began to execute an anti-cyclonic loop. The storm moved eastward, before a trough of low pressure caused Jeanne to curve southeastward. Early on September&nbsp;22, the system strengthened into a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane. A deep-layer ridge slowly curved Jeanne to the west by the following day, around the time it weakened to a Category&nbsp;1 hurricane due to [[Upwelling|upwelled]] waters. However, the storm began re-intensifying on September&nbsp;24, becoming a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane again that day and a Category&nbsp;3 by September&nbsp;25. At 14:00&nbsp;UTC on the latter, Jeanne struck the [[Abaco Islands]] in the Bahamas with winds of {{convert|115|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The hurricane strengthened slightly further, peaking with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Jeanne made its final landfall on Hutchinson Island, Florida at the same time around 04:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;26. It quickly weakened after moving inland and fell to tropical storm intensity only 14&nbsp;hours later. Curving northward, Jeanne decayed to a tropical depression over Georgia late on September&nbsp;27. Jeanne turned northeastward and became extratropical over Virginia after about 24&nbsp;hours. The remnants briefly re-strengthened after moving offshore the Delmarva Peninsula, but dissipated late on September&nbsp;29.<ref name="JeanneTCR"/>

In Guadeloupe, rainfall amounts up to {{convert|11.81|in|mm|abbr=on}} caused flooding and mudslides throughout the island.<ref name="2004wmo"/> Many roads and bridges were inundated or washed out. About 470&nbsp;homes were damaged or destroyed.<ref name="maxi">{{cite news|url=http://www.maximini.com/fr/news/guadeloupe/societe/lourd-bilan-des-intemperies--5945.html |title=Lourd bilan des intempéries |date=September 17, 2004 |publisher=MAXImini.com |access-date=August 29, 2014 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015104244/http://www.maximini.com/fr/news/guadeloupe/societe/lourd-bilan-des-intemperies--5945.html |archive-date=October 15, 2014 }}</ref> Similar impact was reported in Puerto Rico, with heavy precipitation causing flooding and mudslides. There was also heavy damage to crops, schools, houses, and businesses. Strong wind gusts left 70% of the island without power. Jeanne resulted in $169.9&nbsp;million in damage and eight deaths.<ref name="stormdata9"/> In Dominican Republic, major flooding was reported, with rivers overflowing, bridges collapsing, roads cut off, damage to agriculture, and mudslides. Strong winds disrupted telephone services and caused power outages. Overall, hundreds of people became homeless and there was 23&nbsp;deaths and $270&nbsp;million in damage. Up to {{convert|13|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain fell on the mountainous region of Haiti, causing extreme flooding and mudslides, especially in the [[Gonaïves]] area.<ref name="2004wmo"/> Over 200,000&nbsp;people were left homeless and an estimated 3,006&nbsp;fatalities occurred.<ref name="2004wmo"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hurricane.info.usaid.gov/|title=Hurricane Relief|date=October 14, 2004|publisher=[[United States Agency for International Development]]|access-date=August 29, 2014|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015085858/http://hurricane.info.usaid.gov/|archive-date=October 15, 2004}}</ref> In the Bahamas, communications were disrupted and some homes were inundated by storm surge in the Abaco Islands. Similar impact was reported on Grand Bahama, with several houses and [[Grand Bahama International Airport|the airport]] being flooded. Further, winds tore-off and damaged a number of roofs.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/bahamas/bahamas-hurricane-jeanne-appeal-no-2304-operations-update-no-2|title=Bahamas: Hurricane Jeanne Appeal No. 23/04 Operations Update No. 2|date=January 5, 2005|work=[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]]|publisher=[[ReliefWeb]]|access-date=August 29, 2014}}</ref> Throughout the state of Florida, strong winds were observed, leaving approximately 3.44&nbsp;million people without electricity.<ref name="fl2004energy"/> Additionally, more than 101,611&nbsp;homes were impacted by the storm, almost 14,000 of which severely or beyond repairs.<ref name="stormdata9"/><ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.weather.gov/media/mlb/surveys/jeanne.pdf|title=Hurricane Jeanne|author=Bart Hagemeyer |display-authors=etal |date=October 4, 2004|work=National Weather Service Melbourne, Florida|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=February 25, 2021|location=Melbourne, Florida|format=PDF}}</ref> Several other states experienced severe flooding.<ref name="stormdata9"/> Overall, there were five deaths and about $7.5&nbsp;billion in damage in the United States.<ref name="costliest"/><ref name="JeanneTCR"/>
{{clear}}

===Hurricane Karl===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Karl 2004-09-21 0115Z.jpg
 | Track         = Karl 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = September 16
 | Dissipated    = September 24
 | 1-min winds   = 125
 | Pressure      = 938
}}
A strong tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on September 13 and proceeded westward. The wave gradually became better organized, and the NHC designated it Tropical Depression Twelve on September&nbsp;16, while the system was located about {{convert|670|mi|km}} west-southwest of the [[Cape Verde]] islands. That afternoon, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Karl.<ref name="KarlTCR">{{cite report|author=Jack L. Beven|date=December 17, 2004|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Karl|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 10, 2014|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL122004_Karl}}|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Due to healthy outflow around an upper-level [[anticyclone]] and warm sea surface temperatures of the year, [[rapid deepening]] began on the evening of September 17,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al122004.discus.003.shtml |title=Hurricane Karl Discussion Number 3 |author=Jarvinen |date=2004-09-17 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=2008-08-14}}</ref> with the storm developing a small [[eye (cyclone)|eye]].<ref name="noaa18">{{cite web |author=Stewart|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al122004.discus.007.shtml |title=Hurricane Karl Discussion Number 7|publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=2004-09-18 |access-date=2008-08-14}}</ref> Karl intensified into a hurricane early on September&nbsp;18.<ref name="KarlTCR"/> Late in the evening of September 18, Karl attained Category&nbsp;3 status, becoming the sixth major hurricane of 2004. On September 19, Karl continued to strengthen while maintaining a well-defined eye, moving northwestward across the open Atlantic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al122004.discus.013.shtml |title=Hurricane Karl Discussion Number 13 |date=2004-09-19 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |author=Blake/Lawrence |access-date=2008-08-15}}</ref> The storm briefly deepened to a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane on September&nbsp;20, before weakening slightly and subsequently re-strengthening to that intensity. With a steadily increasing wind field, Karl peaked with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} early on September&nbsp;21 while resuming a northwestward motion.<ref name="KarlTCR"/>

After reaching its peak intensity, Karl weakened due to increasing wind shear,<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al122004.discus.023.shtml|title=Hurricane Karl Discussion Number 23|author1=Eric S. Blake |author2=Richard J. Pasch|date=September 22, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> as well as an eyewall replacement cycle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al122004.discus.023.shtml |title=Hurricane Karl Discussion Number 23 |author=Blake/Pasch |date=2004-09-22 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=2008-08-15}}</ref> The hurricane weakened to a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane on September 22 as it curved to the northeast in response to a [[Baroclinity|baroclinic trough]].<ref name="KarlTCR"/> After wind shear lessened,<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al122004.discus.026.shtml|title=Hurricane Karl Discussion Number 26|date=September 22, 2004|author1=Robbie A. Berg |author2=Lixion A. Avila|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Karl briefly became a major hurricane again on September&nbsp;23.<ref name="KarlTCR"/> However, wind shear returned later that day and ocean temperatures began cooling.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al122004.discus.029.shtml|title=Hurricane Karl Discussion Number 29|author=Miles B. Lawrence|date=September 23, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Another trough re-curved Karl northward on September&nbsp;24 as the storm was gradually weakening. Early on September&nbsp;25, Karl became extratropical while located about {{convert|585|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The remnants of Karl accelerated northeastward and then east-northeastward, later moving through the [[Faroe Islands]]. Sustained winds up to {{convert|89|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts reaching {{convert|112|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} were observed on [[Mykines, Faroe Islands|Mykines]].<ref name="dmi">{{in lang|da}} {{cite report|author=Bjarne Siewertsen|date=September 27, 2004|title=Karl blæste på Færøerne|publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]]|access-date=November 15, 2012|url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/karl_blaeste_pa_faeroeerne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010083532/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/karl_blaeste_pa_faeroeerne|archive-date=October 10, 2006|location=Copenhagen, Denmark}}</ref><ref name="KarlTCR"/> The extratropical remnants of Karl moved ashore western Norway on September&nbsp;28, dissipating soon as it was absorbed into another extratropical low.<ref name="KarlTCR"/>
{{clear}}

===Hurricane Lisa===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Lisa 2004-10-02 0105Z.jpg
 | Track         = Lisa 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = September 19
 | Dissipated    = October 3
 | 1-min winds   = 65
 | Pressure      = 987
}}
At 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;19, a tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen, which was centered located about {{convert|520|mi|km|abbr=on}} west-southwest of Cape Verde. Despite unfavorable conditions due to outflow from nearby Hurricane Karl, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Lisa on September&nbsp;20. After nearly reaching hurricane status, Lisa began executing a small cyclonic loop due to a [[Fujiwhara effect|Fujiwhara interaction]] with a tropical wave. Additionally, the interaction caused Lisa to weaken to a tropical depression on September&nbsp;23. As Lisa merged with the tropical wave, convection became difficult to distinguish between the two systems, although Lisa maintained a distinct low-level circulation throughout the merger.<ref name="ltcr">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL132004_Lisa}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Lisa|author1=James L. Franklin |author2=David P. Roberts|date=November 10, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=January 28, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> During the next several days, the storm fluctuated in intensity, from a tropical depression to a strong tropical storm. A deep mid- to upper-level trough caused Lisa to turn northward on September&nbsp;25.<ref name="ltcr"/>

By October&nbsp;1, a short-wave trough re-curved and accelerated Lisa toward the northeast. The storm strengthened and was finally upgraded to a hurricane at 06:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;2. At that time, Lisa attained its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|987|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. After sea surface temperatures dropped to around {{convert|73.4|F|C|abbr=on}}, Lisa weakened and was downgraded to a tropical storm later on October&nbsp;2. The storm lost tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;3. Shortly thereafter, the remnants of Lisa were absorbed by a frontal zone while located about {{convert|1150|mi|km|abbr=on}} of Cape Race, Newfoundland.<ref name="ltcr"/>
{{clear}}

===Tropical Storm Matthew===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = File:Matthew 2004-10-09 1630Z.jpg
 | Track         = Matthew 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = October 8
 | Dissipated    = October 10
 | 1-min winds   = 40
 | Pressure      = 997
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Matthew (2004)}}
A tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen on October&nbsp;8, while located about {{convert|205|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Brownsville, Texas]]. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Matthew about six hours later. The storm moved generally northeastward or northward throughout its duration. After briefly weakening, Matthew attained its peak intensity late on October&nbsp;9, with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|997|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. At 11:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;10, Matthew made landfall near [[Cocodrie, Louisiana]] with winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Only an hour later, Matthew weakened to a tropical depression and became extratropical early on October&nbsp;11.<ref name="MatthewTCR">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL142004_Matthew}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Matthew|author=Lixion A. Avila|date=October 27, 2004|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=January 28, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The storm dropped heavy rainfall in southeastern Louisiana, with a peak total of {{convert|18|in|mm|abbr=on}} near [[Haynesville, Louisiana|Haynesville]].{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} Along the coast, storm surge up to {{convert|5.85|ft|m|abbr=on}} was observed at Frenier.<ref name="MatthewTCR"/> A combination of storm surge and heavy rainfall inundated numerous roads in [[Lafourche Parish, Louisiana|Lafourche]], [[Orleans Parish, Louisiana|Orleans]], [[St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana|St. Bernard]], [[St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana|St. John the Baptist]], [[St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana|St. Tammany]], and [[Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana|Terrebonne]] parishes. About 20&nbsp;homes in Terrebonne Parish were damaged, while several others were flooded in Lafourche Parish. A tornado also damaged the roof of a trailer in [[Golden Meadow, Louisiana|Golden Meadow]].<ref name="stormdata10"/> Winds resulted in electrical outages for approximately 2,500&nbsp;customers. The storm cracked water lines in [[LaPlace, Louisiana|LaPlace]], leaving nearly 30,000&nbsp;residents without tap water.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ohsep.louisiana.gov/newsrelated/matthew_flds.htm|title=Matthew Floods Roads, Homes|author1=Susan Finch |author2=Aesha Rasheed|date=October 11, 2004|newspaper=[[The Times-Picayune]]|publisher=Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness|access-date=July 10, 2014|location=Lafayette, Louisiana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050218213059/http://ohsep.louisiana.gov/newsrelated/matthew_flds.htm|archive-date=February 18, 2005}}</ref> Overall, losses in Louisiana reached $255,000. In Mississippi, storm surge caused coastal flooding in [[Hancock County, Mississippi|Hancock County]]. Damage in the state totaled only $50,000.<ref name="stormdata10"/>
{{clear}}

===Subtropical Storm Nicole===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Type          = subtropical
 | Image         = Nicole 2004-10-11 1445Z.jpg
 | Track         = Nicole 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = October 10
 | Dissipated    = October 11
 | 1-min winds   = 45
 | Pressure      = 986
}}
{{Main|Subtropical Storm Nicole}}
The interaction between an upper-level trough and a decaying cold front led to the development of a low-pressure area on October&nbsp;8 to the southwest of Bermuda. Although it lacked a well-defined center of circulation, the system was already producing gale-force winds. Early on October 10, the low developed a curved band of convection northwest of the center, and it organized into Subtropical Storm Nicole by 06:00&nbsp;UTC. An approaching mid-level trough turned the system northeastward. Early on October 11, Nicole passed about {{convert|60|mi|km|abbr=on}} northwest of Bermuda.<ref name="tcr">{{cite report|author1=Richard J. Pasch |author2=David P. Roberts|date=December 9, 2004|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Subtropical Storm Nicole|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=January 28, 2015|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL152004_Nicole}}|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> On the island, Nicole and its precursor dropped {{convert|5.86|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall and produced wind gusts reaching {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tcr"/><ref name="bws">{{cite report|publisher=Bermuda Weather Service|date=November 1, 2004|title=Weather Summary for October 2004|access-date=October 11, 2006|url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2004-10.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718122223/http://www.weather.bm/data/2004-10.html|archive-date=July 18, 2011|location=Hamilton, Bermuda}}</ref> The winds left 1,800&nbsp;homes and businesses without power, while the unsettled conditions caused delays at the [[L.F. Wade International Airport]].<ref name="royg">{{cite news|author1=Sarah Titterton |author2=Eloisa Mayers|date=October 11, 2004|title=Nicole drowns out the music|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20041011/NEWS/310119988}}</ref>

After passing Bermuda, Nicole developed an area of convection near the center,<ref name="tcr"/> suggesting the beginning of a transition to a tropical cyclone.<ref name="nicoledisc5">{{cite report|author=Jack L. Beven|date=October 11, 2004|title=Subtropical Storm Nicole Discussion 5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al152004.discus.005.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> However, strong wind shear caused weakening after the storm reached peak winds of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, preventing Nicole's transition to a fully tropical cyclone. A larger extratropical storm absorbed Nicole on October&nbsp;11, while the storm was located south of Nova Scotia.<ref name="tcr"/> In [[Maine]], gusty winds from the remnants of Nicole downed trees and electrical lines, resulting some power outages, especially along or near the coast.<ref name="stormdata10">{{cite report|url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-A4FBB1ED-29FC-44CC-96B4-21E787276D2F.pdf|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|author=William Angel|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 8, 2014|location=Asheville, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708220917/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-A4FBB1ED-29FC-44CC-96B4-21E787276D2F.pdf|archive-date=July 8, 2014}}</ref> Similarly, 11,300&nbsp;people were left without electricity in [[Prince Edward Island]] and New Brunswick alone after winds uprooted trees and toppled power lines. Significant rainfall was also produced in the region, peaking at about {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}} in northeastern Nova Scotia.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=7988F134-1|title=2004-Nicole|date=September 14, 2010|publisher=Environment Canada|access-date=February 25, 2021|location=Moncton, New Brunswick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118080616/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=7988F134-1|archive-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Tropical Storm Otto===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Otto 2004-11-30 1425Z.jpg
 | Track         = Otto 2004 track.png
 | Formed        = November 29
 | Dissipated    = December 3
 | 1-min winds   = 45
 | Pressure      = 995
}}
{{see also|List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes}}
A cold front and a strong upper-level trough interacted, resulting in the development of an extratropical low-pressure area on November&nbsp;26. After losing frontal characteristics, the system transitioned into Subtropical Storm Otto at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;29, while located about {{convert|1150|mi|km|abbr=on}} east-southeast of Bermuda. Initially, the storm moved northwestward due to a weakness in a subtropical ridge. Late on November&nbsp;29, Otto attained its maximum sustained wind speed of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Deep convection formed near the center and the storm began transitioning to a warm core system.<ref name="otcr">{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL162004_Otto}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Otto|author=Stacy R. Stewart|date=December 7, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=January 28, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The system was re-classified as Tropical Storm Otto at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;30, although it is possible that Otto transitioned to a fully tropical cyclone one day earlier, on November&nbsp;29.<ref name="otcr"/> Although sea temperatures were relatively cold, Otto did not quickly weaken, because of low wind shear. On December&nbsp;1, the storm curved southeastward and completed a cyclonic loop later that day. After wind shear began increasing, Otto started weakening and was downgraded to a tropical depression at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on December&nbsp;2. At that, Otto reached its minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|995|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. Early on December&nbsp;3, the storm degenerated into a remnant low while located about {{convert|920|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Bermuda.<ref name="otcr"/>
{{clear}}

==Storm names==
{{Tropical cyclone naming}}
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2004.<ref name="NHOP 04">{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2004.pdf|page=3{{hyphen}}9|publisher=[[NOAA]] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2004|access-date=March 5, 2024}}</ref> This was the same list used for the [[1998 Atlantic hurricane season|1998 season]],<ref name="NHOP 98">{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-1998.pdf|page=3{{hyphen}}7|publisher=[[NOAA]] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 1998|access-date=January 20, 2024}}</ref> except for ''Gaston'' and ''Matthew'', which replaced ''[[Hurricane Georges|Georges]]'' and ''[[Hurricane Mitch|Mitch]]'' respectively.<ref name="2003-08 names">{{cite report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml|title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names|date=January 9, 2004|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=August 28, 2014|location=Miami, Florida|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040202034315/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml|archive-date=February 2, 2004}}</ref> Storms were named ''Gaston'', ''Matthew'', and ''Otto'' for the first time in 2004.

{| style="width:90%;"
|
* [[Hurricane Alex (2004)|Alex]]
* [[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004)|Bonnie]]
* [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]]
* Danielle
* [[Tropical Storm Earl (2004)|Earl]]
* [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]]
* [[Hurricane Gaston (2004)|Gaston]]
|
* Hermine
* [[Hurricane Ivan|Ivan]]
* [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]]
* Karl
* Lisa
* [[Tropical Storm Matthew (2004)|Matthew]]
* [[Subtropical Storm Nicole (2004)|Nicole]]
|
* Otto
* {{tcname unused|Paula}}
* {{tcname unused|Richard}}
* {{tcname unused|Shary}}
* {{tcname unused|Tomas}}
* {{tcname unused|Virginie}}
* {{tcname unused|Walter}}
|}

===Retirement===
{{See also|List of retired Atlantic hurricane names}}
In the spring of 2005, The [[World Meteorological Organization]] retired the names of four destructive and deadly storms from the Atlantic hurricanes name lists: ''Charley'', ''Frances'', ''Ivan'', and ''Jeanne''.<ref>{{cite web|title=4 hurricanes in 6 weeks? It happened to one state in 2004.|date=August 26, 2019|url=https://www.noaa.gov/stories/4-hurricanes-in-6-weeks-it-happened-to-one-state-in-2004|publisher=NOAA|location=Washington, D.C.|access-date=January 20, 2024}}</ref> They were replaced with ''Colin'', ''Fiona'', ''Igor'', and ''Julia'', for the [[2010 Atlantic hurricane season|2010 season]].<ref name="NHOP 10">{{cite report|url=https://transition.fcc.gov/bureaus/pshs/docs/clearinghouse/plans/OFCM_National_Hurricane_Operations_Plan_2010.pdf|page=3{{hyphen}}7|publisher=[[NOAA]] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2010|access-date=January 20, 2024}}</ref> As of {{year}}, the 2004 season is one of four seasons to have four names retired, along with [[1955 Atlantic hurricane season|1955]], [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]], and [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]]. Only the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005 season]] has had more{{snd}}with five names retired.<ref name="retired">{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|access-date=January 20, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Fleming|first=Melissa|title=Hurricane Names Harvey, Irma, Maria and Nate Retired|date=April 12, 2018|url=https://www.weathergamut.com/2018/04/12/hurricane-names-harvey-irma-maria-and-nate-retired/|website=www.weathergamut.com|access-date=January 20, 2024}}</ref>

==Season effects==
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2004 USD.
{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}}<div class="center">
{{TC stats table start3|year=2004|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=[[Hurricane Alex (2004)|Alex]]|dates=July&nbsp;31&nbsp;– August&nbsp;6|max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=957|areas=[[Southeastern United States]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=$7.5 million|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004)|Bonnie]]|dates=August&nbsp;3&nbsp;–&nbsp;14|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=1001|areas=[[Lesser Antilles]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[Yucatán Peninsula]], [[Southeastern United States]], [[Mid-Atlantic states]], [[New England]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=$1.27 million|deaths=3 (1)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Charley|Charley]]|dates=August&nbsp;9&nbsp;–&nbsp;14|max-winds=150 (240)|min-press=941|areas=[[Lesser Antilles]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[East Coast of the United States]]|damage=$16.9 billion|deaths=15 (20)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=Danielle|dates=August&nbsp;13&nbsp;–&nbsp;21|max-winds=110 (175)|min-press=964|areas=[[Cape Verde]]|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Earl (2004)|Earl]]|dates=August&nbsp;13&nbsp;–&nbsp;15|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1009|areas=[[Windward Islands]]|damage=Unknown|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Frances|Frances]]|dates=August&nbsp;24&nbsp;– September&nbsp;10|max-winds=145 (230)|min-press=935|areas=[[The Bahamas]], [[Southern United States]], [[Midwestern United States]], [[Mid-Atlantic states]], [[New England]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=$10.1 billion|deaths=7 (43)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Gaston (2004)|Gaston]]|dates=August&nbsp;27&nbsp;– September&nbsp;1|max-winds=75 (120)|min-press=985|areas=[[The Carolinas]], [[Mid-Atlantic states]], [[New England]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=$130 million|deaths=8 (1)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Hermine|dates=August&nbsp;27&nbsp;–&nbsp;31|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=1002|areas=[[New England]] ([[Massachusetts]]), [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat5|name=[[Hurricane Ivan|Ivan]]|dates=September&nbsp;2&nbsp;–&nbsp;24|max-winds=165 (270)|min-press=910|areas=[[Lesser Antilles]], [[Venezuela]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], [[Eastern United States]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=$26.1 billion|deaths=92 (32)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Ten|dates=September&nbsp;7&nbsp;–&nbsp;9|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1009|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=[[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]]|dates=September&nbsp;13&nbsp;–&nbsp;28|max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=950|areas=[[Leeward Islands]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[Southeastern United States]], [[Mid-Atlantic states]], [[New England]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=$7.94 billion|deaths=3,037}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=Karl|dates=September&nbsp;16&nbsp;–&nbsp;24|max-winds=145 (230)|min-press=938|areas=[[Faroe Islands]], [[Iceland]], Norway|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Lisa|dates=September&nbsp;19&nbsp;– October&nbsp;3|max-winds=75 (120)|min-press=987|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Matthew (2004)|Matthew]]|dates=October&nbsp;8&nbsp;–&nbsp;10|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=997|areas=[[Gulf Coast of the United States]], [[Midwestern United States]], [[Great Plains]]|damage=$305,000|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=sstorm|name=[[Subtropical Storm Nicole (2004)|Nicole]]|dates=October&nbsp;10&nbsp;–&nbsp;11|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=986|areas=[[Bermuda]], [[Maine]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Otto|dates=November&nbsp;29&nbsp;– December&nbsp;3|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=995|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=16|dates=July 31&nbsp;– December 3|max-winds=165 (270)|min-press=910|tot-areas=|tot-damage=$61.148 billion|tot-deaths=3,164 (97)}}</div>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[Tropical cyclones in 2004]]
* [[2004 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[2004 Pacific typhoon season]]
* [[2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[2003–04 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2003–04]], [[2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2004–05]]
* Australian region cyclone seasons: [[2003–04 Australian region cyclone season|2003–04]], [[2004–05 Australian region cyclone season|2004–05]]
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season|2003–04]], [[2004–05 South Pacific cyclone season|2004–05]]
*

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG0-3iYr7jA Satellite movie of 2004 Atlantic hurricane season]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/index.shtml 2004 NHC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Archive]
* [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/2004.html U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2004]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050830210452/http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/dn/hurricane.htm Effects of the Third-Quarter Hurricanes on Income Measures]

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