View source for 30 BC

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year nav|-30}}
{{BC year in topic|30}}
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Year '''30 BC''' was either a [[common year starting on Wednesday]], [[Common year starting on Thursday|Thursday]] or [[Common year starting on Friday|Friday]] or a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]] (the sources differ, see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Proleptic Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Octavian and Crassus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 724 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 30 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Augustus|Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus]] becomes consul for the fourth time. His partner is [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (consul 30 BC)|Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger]].
* Spring&nbsp;&ndash; Octavian leads his army to the [[Dardanelles]], ships them across to [[Asia Minor]] and marches into [[Roman Syria|Syria]] where [[Herod the Great]] sends him vows of loyalty and thousands of his own troops in support.
* Summer&nbsp;&ndash; [[Cornelius Gallus]] lands in [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]] and occupies [[Paraetonium]]. [[Mark Antony]] storms the city walls and blockades the harbour, then retreats with his army (7 [[Roman legion|legions]]) to [[Ptolemaic Egypt|Egypt]] and receives the news that [[Pelusium]] has opened its gates to Octavian without resistance.
* [[July 31]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)|Battle of Alexandria]]: [[Mark Antony]] achieves a minor victory over [[Augustus|Octavian]]'s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. 
* [[August 1]]&nbsp;&ndash; Octavian Caesar captures [[Alexandria]]. This marks the official annexation of [[Ancient Egypt]] to the [[Roman Republic]].
* [[Cleopatra]] evacuates her court and treasury to [[Berenice Troglodytica|Berenice]] on the west coast of the [[Red Sea]], but king Malchus of [[Nabatea]] attacks from the [[desert]] and burns the Egyptian ships.
* August 10 or 12&nbsp;&ndash; With the [[death of Cleopatra]] and the execution of her son [[Caesarion]], the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]], the last of [[Ancient Egypt]], comes to an end. The first year of Octavian's reign in [[Egypt (Roman province)|Egypt]].
* The children of Cleopatra are spared by Octavian and taken back in [[Roman triumph|triumph]]; [[Octavia Minor]] raises [[Alexander Helios]], [[Cleopatra Selene II|Cleopatra Selene]] and [[Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)|Ptolemy Philadelphus]] in her household in Rome.
* Octavian claims Cleopatra's treasure in the [[mausoleum]] at the [[Taposiris Magna]] (Temple of Isis); he pays the salaries of his veteran [[legionaries]] and gives them land in Italy.

==== Asia ====
* Possible date of composition of the ''[[Tirukkuṛaḷ]]'', attributed to [[Thiruvalluvar]].
* First possible date for the invention of the [[wheelbarrow]] in history; as the 5th century ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'' states that the wife of the once poor and youthful imperial censor [[Bao Xuan]] of the Chinese [[Han dynasty]] helped him push a ''lu che'' back to his village during their feeble wedding ceremony, around this year.
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== Births ==
* [[Maroboduus]], king of the [[Marcomanni]] (d. [[AD 37]])

== Deaths ==
* [[August 1]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mark Antony]], Roman consul and general (suicide) (b. [[83 BC]])
* [[August 12]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]], queen of [[Ptolemaic Egypt]] (likely suicide) (b. [[69 BC]])
* [[August 23]]
** [[Marcus Antonius Antyllus]], son of [[Mark Antony]] and [[Fulvia]] (b. [[47 BC]])
** [[Caesarion|Ptolemy Caesar]], son of [[Julius Caesar]] and Cleopatra of Egypt (b. [[47 BC]])
* [[Hyrcanus II]], king and high priest of [[Judea]] (until [[40 BC]])
* [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Minor]] ('''the Younger'''), Roman politician
* [[Pharnavaz II of Iberia|Pharnavaz II]], king of [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Iberia]] ([[Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia|Artaxiad dynasty]]) ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) (killed by [[Mirian II of Iberia|Mirian II]])
* [[Publius Canidius Crassus]], Roman general and politician (executed)
* [[Emperor Sujin]] of Japan, according to legend.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:30 BC| ]]