View source for 841

{{short description|Calendar year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|841}}
{{Year nav|841}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Fontenoy en puisaye.JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Battle of Fontenay (841)|Battle of Fontenay]] (841)]]
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Year '''841''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCXLI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fontenay (841)|Battle of Fontenay]]: Frankish forces of Emperor [[Lothair I]], and his nephew [[Pepin II of Aquitaine]], are defeated by allied forces of King [[Louis the German]], and his half-brother [[Charles the Bald]], at [[Fontenoy, Yonne|Fontenoy]] (Eastern [[France]]), in a [[civil war]] among the three surviving sons of the former emperor [[Louis the Pious]]. A total of 40,000 men are killed, including the [[Francia|Frankish]] nobles [[Gerard, Count of Auvergne|Gerard of Auvergne]] and [[Ricwin of Nantes]], fighting on the side of Charles.<ref>Eric Joseph, ''Struggle for Empire'', p. 103. Cornell University, 2006. {{ISBN|0-8014-3890-X}}. Joseph states this number, given by [[Agnellus, Bishop of Ravenna|Agnellus]] of Ravenna, is probably exaggerated.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; [[Vikings]] sail up the [[Seine|River Seine]] and devastate the city of [[Rouen]] in [[Normandy]]. They burn the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery of [[Jumièges Abbey]]; 68 captives are taken, and returned on payment of a [[ransom]], by the [[monk]]s of [[Basilica of St Denis|St. Denis]].<ref>Recorded in the [[Abbey of Saint Wandrille|Chronicle of Fontenelle Abbey]].</ref>

==== Ireland ====
* The town of ''Dyflin'' (meaning "Black Pool") or [[Dublin]] (modern [[Ireland]]) is founded by [[Norway|Norwegian]] Vikings, on the south bank of the [[River Liffey]]. The settlement is fortified with a [[ditch]] and an earth [[Rampart (fortification)|rampart]], with a wooden [[palisade]] on top. The [[Norsemen]] establish a [[wool]] weaving industry, and there is also a [[Slavery|slave]] trade. An artificial hill is erected, where the [[nobility]] meets to make laws and discuss [[policy]].

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Constantine Kontomytes]], Byzantine general (''[[Strategos#Byzantine use|strategos]]'') of the [[Thracesian Theme]], inflicts a severe defeat on the [[Crete|Cretan]] [[Saracens]]. He leads a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] expeditionary force, to raid the [[Monastery|monastic]] community near [[Beşparmak Mountains#History|Mount Latros]] (modern [[Turkey]]).<ref>{{harvnb|Treadgold|1988|pp=324–325}}.</ref>
* [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] sends a fleet of 60 [[galley]]s (each carrying 200 men) to assist the Byzantines in driving the [[Arabs]] from [[Province of Crotone|Crotone]], but the attack fails. Muslim troops conquer the city of [[Brindisi]] (approximate date).<ref name="Norwich32">J. Norwich, ''A History of Venice'', p. 32.</ref>

==== Abbasid Caliphate ====
* A pro-[[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] rebellion, led by [[al-Mubarqa]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], breaks out against caliph [[al-Mu'tasim]] of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (ending in [[842]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Al-Muʿtaṣim {{!}} ʿAbbāsid caliph|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Mutasim|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* In the Chinese capital of [[Chang'an]], the [[Chang'an#West Central Chang'an|West Market]] (and [[Chang'an#East Central Chang'an|East Market]]) are closed every night one hour and three quarters before [[dusk]] (by government order); the [[curfew]] is signaled by the sound of 300 beats to a loud gong. After the official [[Market (place)|market]]s have been closed for the night, small night markets in residential areas thrive with plenty of customers, despite government efforts to shut them down. With the decline of the government's authority (by mid [[9th century]]), this edict (like many others) is largely ignored, as [[Urban area|urban]] dwellers keep attending the night markets regardless.
* [[December 17]] – Comet [[X/841 Y1]] is first sighted in Chang'an by the Japanese monk [[Ennin]].<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Piero |last1=Sicoli |first2=Marilina |last2=Cesario |first3=Roberto |last3=Gorelli |title=Comets and Political Anxieties in the First Half of the Ninth Century: New Light on Comets X/839 B1 and X/841 Y1 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=213–226 |year=2022 |journal=[[Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage]] |doi=10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2022.02.04 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368235253}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Bernard Plantapilosa]], Frankish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[886]])
* [[Boso of Provence]], Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Du Rangneng]], [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor of the Tang Dynasty]] (d. [[893]])
* [[Edmund the Martyr]], king of [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglia]] (approximate date)
* [[Heiric of Auxerre]], Frankish [[Theology|theologian]] and writer (d. [[876]])
* [[Pei Shu]], chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. [[905]])
* [[Remigius of Auxerre]], Frankish scholar (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Gerard, Count of Auvergne|Gerard of Auvergne]], Frankish nobleman
* June 25 &ndash; [[Ricwin of Nantes]], Frankish nobleman
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Shi Yuanzhong]], Chinese governor 
* [[Arnulf of Sens]], illegitimate son of [[Louis the Pious]]
* [[Guifeng Zongmi]], Chinese [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (b. [[780]])
* [[Chang Pogo]], Korean maritime hegemon (or [[846]])
* [[Jonas of Orléans]], Frankish [[bishop]]
* [[Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin]], Muslim general 
* [[Langdarma]], emperor of [[Tibetan Empire|Tibet]] (b. [[799]])
* [[Li Ao (philosopher)|Li Ao]], Chinese [[Chinese philosophy|philosopher]] and [[prose]] writer (b. [[772]])
* [[Yunyan Tansheng]], Chinese [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (b. [[780]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{The Byzantine Revival, 780–842}}

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[[Category:841| ]]