View source for 863

{{short description|Calendar year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|863}}
{{Year nav|863}}
{{M1 year in topic}}

__NOTOC__
Year '''863''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCLXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lalakaon]]: A [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] army confronts an invasion by Muslim forces, led by [[Umar al-Aqta]], Emir of [[Malatya]]. The Muslims raid deep into Byzantine territory, reaching the [[Black Sea]] coast at the port city of [[Samsun|Amisos]]. Petronas annihilates the Arabs near the River Lalakaon, in [[Paphlagonia (theme)|Paphlagonia]] (modern [[Turkey]]).

==== Europe ====
* [[January 25]] &ndash; Emperor [[Louis II of Italy|Louis II]] claims [[Provence]], after the death of his brother [[Charles of Provence|Charles]]. King [[Lothair II]] receives [[Lower Burgundy]] and a part of the [[Jura Mountains]].
* King [[Louis the German]] suppresses the revolt of his son [[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]] (for the second time), who wants a partition (mainly of [[Bavaria]]) of the [[East Francia|East Frankish Kingdom]].
* Viking raiders again plunder [[Dorestad]] (modern [[Netherlands]]), a [[Frankish Empire|Frankish]] port on the mouth of the river [[Rhine]]. It thereafter disappears from the chronicles.
* Danish [[Vikings]] loot along the Rhine. They settle on an island near [[Cologne]], but are driven off by the combined forces of Lothair II and the [[Saxons]].
* The [[Christianization of Kievan Rus]] begins, ceasing the 63-year-long dominance of the [[Rus' Khaganate]] (approximate date).
* The first written record is made of [[Smolensk]] (according to the [[Primary Chronicle]]).
*The [[Byzantine Empire]] invades [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]] in order to impose [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] on [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Boris I]].

==== Britain ====
* King [[Osberht of Northumbria]] engages in a dispute for royal power, with a rival claimant named [[Ælla of Northumbria|Ælla]]. After Osberht is replaced, Ælla wields power in [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]], but the [[civil war]] continues.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kirby |first1=D. P. |title=The Earliest English Kings |date=1991 |publisher=[[Allen & Unwin|Unwin Hyman]] |isbn=978-0-04-445692-6|edition=Illustrated  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXqXQgAACAAJ |page=197}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[Duan Chengshi]], Chinese author and scholar, writes about the Chinese maritime [[trade]] and the Arab-run [[history of slavery|slave trade]] in [[East Africa]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Levathes |first1=Louise |title=When China Ruled The Seas: The Treasure Fleet Of The Dragon Throne 1405-1433 |date=1994 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=0-671-70158-4 |edition=Illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgUoAQAAMAAJ|page=38}}</ref>

==== Armenia ====
*[[13 February]] – [[863 Dvin earthquake|Dvin earthquake]]. It took place in the city of [[Dvin (ancient city)|Dvin]] on 13 February, 863. During the 9th century, Dvin was the only "heavily populated" city in [[Muslim conquest of Armenia|Muslim-dominated Armenia]]. The city was part of the wider [[Abbasid Caliphate]], and had a multiethnic population.<ref name="Guidoboni">{{citation | last1=Guidoboni | first1= Emanuela | last2=Traina | first2= Giusto| title=A new catalogue of earthquakes in the historical Armenian area from antiquity to the 12th century | year=1995 | journal=Annals of Geophysics | volume= 38 | url =https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/4134 |pages=121–123| article-number= 8 | doi= 10.4401/ag-4134 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

=== By topic ===
{{Stack|[[File:KyrilMethod.jpg|thumb|right|[[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Cyril and Methodius]] (left) arrive in [[Greater Moravia|Moravia]]]]}}

==== Religion ====
* [[Pope Nicholas I]] sends archbishops [[Gunther (archbishop of Cologne)|Gunther]] and [[Theotgaud]] to a synod of [[Metz]], which confirms the permission given to King [[Lothair II]] of [[Lotharingia]] to remarry.
* The Byzantine missionaries [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Cyril and Methodius]] arrive with a few [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]]s in [[Great Moravia|Moravia]], by request of Prince [[Rastislav of Moravia|Rastislav]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barford |first1=Paul M. |title=The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe |date=2001 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-3977-3 |edition=Illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z9ItAtbJ5AC|language=en |pages=109–110}}</ref>
* Nicholas I excommunicates Patriarch [[Photios I of Constantinople]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Bertha, daughter of Lothair II|Bertha]], duchess [[regent]] of [[Lucca]] and [[Tuscany]] (d. [[925]])
* [[Li Decheng]], general of [[Wu (Ten Kingdoms)|Wu]] ([[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms|Five Dynasties]]) (d. [[940]])
* [[Louis III of France|Louis III]], king of the [[West Francia|West Frankish Kingdom]] (or [[865]])
* [[Shen Song]], chancellor of [[Wuyue]] (d. [[938]])
* [[Wang Yanzhang]], general of [[Later Liang (Five Dynasties)|Later Liang]] (d. [[923]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Charles of Provence]], Frankish king (b. [[845]])
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Charles (archbishop of Mainz)|Charles]], archbishop of [[Electorate of Mainz|Mainz]]
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Utamish|Abu Musa Utamish]], Muslim [[vizier]] 
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Turpio]], Frankish [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* [[Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani]], Muslim governor
* [[Bivin of Gorze]], Frankish nobleman
* [[Daniél ua Líahaiti]], Irish [[abbot]] and poet
* [[Duan Chengshi]], Chinese official and scholar
* [[Karbeas]], leader of the [[Paulicians]]
* [[Mucel]], bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]] (approximate date)
* [[Muirecán mac Diarmata]], king of [[Leinster]]
* [[Umar al-Aqta]], emir of [[Malatya|Melitene]]
* [[Yahya ibn Muhammad]], Idrisid emir of Morocco<ref>{{EI2 | last = Eustache | first = D. | title = Idrīsids | volume = 3 | pages = 1035–1037 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3495}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:863| ]]