View source for 865

{{About year|1=865|2=the 2021 song|3=865 (song)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|865}}
{{one source|date=November 2024}}
{{Year nav|865}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:England Great Army map.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|A map of the [[Norse activity in the British Isles|Viking invasion]] in [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglia]] with the routes of the [[Great Heathen Army]].]]
__NOTOC__
Year '''865''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCLXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* King [[Louis the German]] divides the [[East Francia|East Frankish Kingdom]] among his three sons. [[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]] receives [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (with more lands along the [[Inn (river)|Inn River]]). He gives [[Saxony]] to [[Louis the Younger]] (with [[Franconia]], and [[Thuringia]]) and [[Swabia]] (with [[Raetia]]) to [[Charles the Fat]]. Louis arranges [[marriage]]s into the local [[aristocracy]], for his sons to hold important territories along the frontiers.
* King [[Lothair II of Lotharingia|Lothair II]], threatened with [[excommunication]], takes back his first wife, [[Teutberga]]. She expresses her desire for an [[annulment]], but this is refused by [[Pope Nicholas I]].
* [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Boris I]], ruler (''[[knyaz]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], suppresses a [[Rebellion|revolt]], and orders the execution of 52 leading [[boyar]]s, along with their whole families.

==== Britain ====
* The [[Great Heathen Army]] (probably no more than 1,000 men) of [[Vikings]], led by [[Ivar the Boneless]] and [[Halfdan Ragnarsson]], invades [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglia]]. King [[Edmund the Martyr|Edmund of East Anglia]] buys peace with a supply of [[horse]]s.
* Viking king [[Ragnar Lodbrok]] is captured by the [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbrians]] in battle, and killed by being thrown into a pit filled with venomous [[snake]]s, on the orders of King [[Ælla of Northumbria]].
* Autumn &ndash; King [[Æthelberht of Wessex]] dies after a 5-year reign, and is buried at [[Sherborne Abbey]] ([[Dorset]]). He is succeeded by his brother [[Æthelred of Wessex|Æthelred I]], as ruler of [[Wessex]].

==== Abbasid Caliphate ====
* [[Caliphal Civil War (865–866)|Caliphal Civil War]]: An armed conflict starts between the rival Muslim caliphs [[al-Musta'in]] and [[al-Mu'tazz]]. They fight to determine who takes control over the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (until [[866]]).

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[Kassia]], a Byzantine [[abbess]] and [[hymnographer]], dies. She is one of the first [[Early Middle Ages|Early Medieval]] composers of many [[hymn]]s.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Al-Nayrizi]], Persian [[mathematician]] (d. [[922]])
* [[Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders|Baldwin II]], Frankish [[margrave]] (approximate date)
* [[Jinseong of Silla|Jinseong]], queen of [[Silla]] (approximate date)
* [[Lady Ren Neiming]], Chinese noblewoman (d. [[918]])
* [[Louis III of France|Louis III]], king of the [[West Francia|West Frankish Kingdom]] (or [[863]])
* [[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon I]], ruler (''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (or [[864]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Ansgar]], Frankish monk and [[archbishop]] (b. [[801]])
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Rudolf of Fulda]], German [[Theology|theologian]]
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Petronas (general)|Petronas]], Byzantine general
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Empress Dowager Zheng|Zheng]], empress of the [[Tang dynasty]]
* [[Æthelberht of Wessex|Æthelberht]], king of [[Wessex]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Merkle |first1=Benjamin |title=The White Horse King: The Life of Alfred the Great |date=2 November 2009 |publisher=HarperChristian + ORM |isbn=978-1-4185-8103-9 |page=x |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=md_ihJl-1FUC&pg=PR10 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Antony the Younger]], Byzantine governor and saint (b. [[785]])
* [[Deshan Xuanjian]], Chinese [[Zen]] [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk
* [[Gao Qu]], chancellor of the Tang dynasty
* [[Kassia]], Byzantine [[abbess]] and [[hymnographer]]
* [[Khurshid of Daylam|Khurshid]], ruler (''[[shah]]'') of [[Daylam]]
* [[Liu Gongquan]], Chinese [[Chinese calligraphy|calligrapher]] (b. [[778]])
* [[Lothair the Lame]], Frankish [[abbot]]
* [[Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Jarjara'i]], Muslim [[vizier]] (or [[864]])
* [[Pepin II of Aquitaine|Pepin II]], king of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] (approximate date)
* [[Ragnar Lodbrok]], king of [[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]]
* [[Raymond I, Count of Toulouse|Raymond I]], count of [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]]
* [[Rorgon II of Maine|Rorgon II]], count of [[Maine (province)|Maine]] (approximate date)
* [[Tigernach mac Fócartai]], king of [[Loch Gabhair|Lagore]] ([[Ireland]])
* [[Wenilo (archbishop of Sens)|Wenilo]], Frankish [[archbishop]]
* [[Xiao Zhi (Tang dynasty)|Xiao Zhi]], chancellor of the Tang dynasty
* [[Yahya ibn Umar]], Muslim [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|imam]] (or 864)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:865}}
[[Category:865| ]]