View source for 993

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|993|the car|Porsche 993}}
{{one source|date=February 2021}}
{{Year nav|993}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Lotharingia-959.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Lower Lorraine|Duchy of Lower Lorraine]] (green) after [[977]].]]
Year '''993''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMXCIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; The 12-year-old King [[Otto III]] gives the [[Sword of Saints Cosmas and Damian]] (also known as the '''Sword of Essen''') as a gift to the [[convent]] in [[Essen]]. It symbolises the [[martyr]]dom of [[Saints Cosmas and Damian|Cosmas and Damian]], the [[patron saint]]s of the city.
* [[Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Charles]], duke of [[Lower Lorraine]], dies in prison in [[Orléans]] (see [[991]]). He is succeeded by his son [[Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Otto II]], who inherits the full dukedom and pledges his allegiance to Otto III.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[July 4]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope John XV|John XV]] issues a decree [[Canonization|canonizing]] the late Bishop [[Ulrich of Augsburg]], the first recorded canonization of a [[saint]].

==== Astronomy ====
* An increase in [[carbon-14|{{chem|14|C}}]] concentration, recorded in [[Dendrochronology#Growth rings|tree rings]], as well as [[Chlorine-36|{{chem|36|Cl}}]] and [[Beryllium-10|{{chem|10|Be}}]] isotopes, recorded in [[ice core]]s, suggests that a [[993–994 carbon-14 spike|strong solar storm]] may have hit the [[Earth]] in either 993 or 994.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mekhaldi|first1=Florian|last2=Muscheler|first2=Raimund|last3=Adolphi|first3=Florian|last4=Aldahan|first4=Ala|last5=Beer|first5=Jürg|last6=McConnell|first6=Joseph R.|last7=Possnert|first7=Göran|last8=Sigl|first8=Michael|last9=Svensson|first9=Anders|last10=Synal|first10=Hans-Arno|last11=Welten|first11=Kees C.|date=2015-10-26|title=Multiradionuclide evidence for the solar origin of the cosmic-ray events of AD 774/5 and 993/4|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=8611|doi=10.1038/ncomms9611|pmid=26497389 |pmc=4639793 |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{dubious|date=August 2022|reason=the southern aurora borealis of 992 was most likely caused by strong solar winds. It seems the reports of 993 or 994 carbon 14 might be a year or two off}}
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Majd al-Dawla]], Buyid emir of [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]] (d. [[1029]])
* [[Samuel ibn Naghrillah]], Spanish [[Talmud]]ic scholar
* [[Sultan al-Dawla]], Buyid emir of [[Fars province|Fars]] (d. [[1024]])

== Deaths ==
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark|Odo I]], German [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Conrad I of Burgundy|Conrad I]], king of [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]]
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Egbert (archbishop of Trier)|Egbert]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]]
* [[Arnulf, Count of Holland|Arnulf]] (or '''Aernout'''), count of [[County of Holland|Friesland]]
* [[Borrell II, Count of Barcelona|Borrell II]], count of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]] and [[County of Urgell|Urgell]]
* [[Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Charles]], duke of [[Lower Lorraine]] (b. [[953]])
* [[David II of Klarjeti|David II]], prince of [[Principality of Tao-Klarjeti|Tao-Klarjeti]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
* [[Landenulf II of Capua|Landenulf II]], Lombard prince of [[Principality of Capua|Capua]]
* [[Maelcairearda]], king of [[Uí Briúin]] ([[Ireland]])
* [[Minamoto no Masanobu]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[920]]) 
* [[William I of Provence|William I]], French nobleman (b. [[950]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:993}}
[[Category:993| ]]