View source for A. Y. Jackson

{{Short description|Canadian painter (1882–1974)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = A. Y. Jackson
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|CMG|RCA|size=100%}}
| image = Alexander Young Jackson.jpg
| caption = Jackson at work in the [[Studio Building (Toronto)|Studio Building]], Toronto, 1944
| birth_name = Alexander Young Jackson
| birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1882|10|3}}
| birth_place = [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1974|4|5|1882|10|3}}
| death_place = [[Kleinburg]], Ontario, Canada
| nationality = 
| field = Painter
| training = [[Monument-National]], [[Art Institute of Chicago]], [[Académie Julian]]
| movement = [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]]
| works        =
| patrons =
| awards =
}}
'''Alexander Young Jackson''' {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|CMG|RCA|size=100%}} LL. D. (October 3, 1882{{snd}}April 5, 1974) was a Canadian painter and a founding member of the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]]. Jackson made a significant contribution to the development of art in Canada, and was instrumental in bringing together the artists of [[Montreal]] and [[Toronto]].<ref name = NGC>{{cite web |author=A.Y. Jackson |url=http://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=2672 |title=A.Y. Jackson – National Gallery of Canada &#124; National Gallery of Canada |publisher=Gallery.ca |access-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-date=September 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925033230/http://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=2672 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In addition to his work with the Group of Seven, his long career included serving as a [[war artist]] during World War I (1917–19) and teaching at the [[Banff School of Fine Arts]], from 1943 to 1949. In his later years he was [[artist-in-residence]] at the [[McMichael Canadian Art Collection]] in [[Kleinburg, Ontario]].<ref name="canadianencyclopedia">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=A. Y. |title=A.Y. Jackson |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ay-jackson |website=thecanadianencyclopedia.com |access-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref>

== Early life and training ==
Jackson was born in Montreal, the son of Eliza Georgina (Young) and Henry Allen Jackson.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mT0Dpfuq1kkC&q=Henry+Allen+Jackson,+Eliza+Georgina+Young&pg=PA231|title = A.Y. Jackson: The Life of a Landscape Painter|isbn = 9781459715271|last1 = Larsen|first1 = Wayne|date = September 21, 2009| publisher=Dundurn }}</ref> As a young boy, Jackson worked as an office boy for a [[lithograph]] company, after his father abandoned his family of six children. It was at this company that Jackson began his art training. In the evenings, he took classes at the [[Art Association of Montreal]] (1902).<ref name="Larsen" />

In 1905, Jackson worked his way to [[Europe]] on a cattle boat, returning by the same means and travelling on to [[Chicago]]. In Chicago, he joined a commercial art firm and took courses at the [[Art Institute of Chicago|Chicago Art Institute]].<ref name="Larsen" /> He saved his earnings and, by 1907, was able to visit [[France]] to study [[Impressionism]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nash |first1=Julie |title=A.Y. JACKSON IN EUROPE: A BRUSH WITH IMPRESSIONISM |url=https://www.gallery.ca/magazine/your-collection/at-the-ngc/ay-jackson-in-europe-a-brush-with-impressionism |website=www.gallery.ca |publisher=National Gallery of Canada, 2019 |access-date=June 23, 2022}}</ref> In France, Jackson decided to become a professional painter, studying at the [[Académie Julian]] in Paris <ref name = NGC/> with [[Jean-Paul Laurens|J. P. Laurens]]. Some of his most important artistic development was at the [[Étaples art colony]], which he first visited in 1908 with his New Zealand friend [[Eric Spencer Macky]].<ref name="Larsen" />{{rp|30}} Jackson painted his ''Paysage Embrumé'' then and, to his surprise, it was accepted by the Paris Salon.<ref name="Larsen">{{cite book|last1=Larsen|first1=Wayne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1XlXIh1HKcC|title=A.Y. Jackson: The Life of a Landscape Painter|date=2009|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=9781770704527|pages=|language=en|access-date=November 20, 2016}}</ref>{{rp|30}} Returning in 1912, he stayed with the Australian [[Arthur Baker-Clack]] (1877–1955). From this period date the Impressionist ''Sand dunes at Cucq''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://visipix.dynalias.com/newsgroups/newsgroups/view_pic.php?ng=fine_arts&start=40&keywords=dune&lang=&pic_size=standard&group=0&searchmethod=fulltext |title=Archived copy |website=visipix.dynalias.com |access-date=January 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501112816/http://visipix.dynalias.com/newsgroups/newsgroups/view_pic.php?ng=fine_arts&start=40&keywords=dune&lang=&pic_size=standard&group=0&searchmethod=fulltext |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and ''Autumn in Picardy'', in both of which he used brushstrokes of high-keyed colour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumsyndicate.com/item.php?item=22013 |title=View online |publisher=Museumsyndicate.com |access-date=December 14, 2013}}</ref> ''Autumn in Picardy'' was bought by the [[National Gallery of Canada]] in 1913.

== Professional career ==
[[Image:Red Maple (A. Y. Jackson).jpg|thumb|left|''Red Maple'' (1914), by A. Y. Jackson]]

When Jackson returned to Canada, he settled in [[Cowansville|Sweetsburg, Quebec]], where he began painting works such as the Impressionistic ''Edge of the Maple Wood''. He held his first exhibition at the [[Art Association of Montreal]] with [[Randolph Hewton]] in 1913. Unable to make ends meet and discouraged by the Canadian art scene, he considered moving to the United States. However, he received a letter from [[J. E. H. MacDonald]] which changed his mind. MacDonald inquired about the ''Edge of the Maple Wood'', which he had seen at a Toronto art show, informing Jackson that Toronto artist [[Lawren Harris]] wanted to purchase the painting if he still owned it.{{sfn|MacDonald|1977|p=521}}

After the purchase, Jackson struck up a correspondence with the two Toronto artists, often debating on topics related to Canadian art. Jackson soon began visiting Toronto. Dr. [[James MacCallum]] convinced Jackson to relocate to Toronto by offering to buy enough of his paintings for one year to guarantee him a living income.<ref name="Klages">{{cite book|last1=Klages|first1=Gregory|title=The Many Deaths of Tom Thomson: Separating Fact from Fiction|date=2016|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=9781459731974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tAkCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|access-date=November 20, 2016|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|24}} He moved into the [[Studio Building (Toronto)|Studio Building]] which was financed by Lawren Harris and Dr. [[James MacCallum]]. Harris, overseeing construction of the building, was too busy to concentrate on his own artistic endeavours and loaned his own studio space, over the Commerce Bank branch at the northwest corner of Yonge and Bloor streets, to the newly arrived Montrealer, A. Y. Jackson. The spot is now occupied by the 34-storey 2 Bloor West.

Jackson was a welcome addition to the Toronto art scene, having traveled in Europe and bringing with him a respected&nbsp;– though as yet not particularly successful&nbsp;– talent. The canvas taking shape while he waited to move into the Studio Building, ''Terre Sauvage'', became one of his most famous. In January 1914 the Studio Building was ready for occupation. [[Tom Thomson]] was another of the first residents of the building and shared a studio with Jackson for a year.<ref name=Klages/>{{rp|24}}<ref name="en.wikipedia.org">[[Studio Building (Toronto)]]</ref> Like the other Group of Seven painters, Jackson embraced landscape themes and sought to develop a bold style. An avid outdoorsman, Jackson became good friends with Tom Thomson, and the duo often fished and sketched together, beginning with a trip to Algonquin Park in fall 1914.<ref name=Klages/>{{rp|25}} Inspired by Thomson, Jackson and the other painters who would one day be known as the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] undertook trips to [[Algonquin Park]], [[Georgian Bay]], [[Algoma District, Ontario|Algoma]] and the [[North Shore (Lake Superior)|North Shore]].{{sfn|MacDonald|1977|p=522–525}}

With the outbreak of [[World War I]], Jackson enlisted in the [[Canadian Forces Land Force Command|Canadian Army]]'s 60th battalion in 1915. Soon after he reached the front he was wounded at the Battle of Sanctuary Wood in June 1916 and found himself once more at Étaples in the hospital there.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGjfZPizNQIC&q=Arthur+Baker+Clack+Etaples&pg=PT99 |title=Defiant Spirits: The Modernist Revolution of the Group of Seven – Ross King – Google Books |date= September 25, 2010|access-date=July 26, 2014|isbn=9781553658078 |last1=King |first1=Ross |publisher=D & M Publishers }}</ref> While recovering from his injuries, he came to the attention of [[Lord Beaverbrook]].<ref name="Brandon">{{cite book|last1=Brandon|first1=Laura|title=Art and war|date=2007|publisher=I.B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781845112370}}</ref>{{rp|46}} He was then transferred to the Canadian War Records branch as an artist. Here, Jackson would create important pictures of events connected with the war.<ref name="Gallatin">{{cite book|last1=Gallatin|first1=Albert Eugene|title=Art and the Great War|date=1919|publisher=E.P. Dutton & Company|page=141|url=https://archive.org/stream/artandgreatwar00gallgoog#page/n132/mode/2up|access-date=November 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>Gallatin, Albert. (1919). {{Google books|zeAMAAAAYAAJ|''Art and the Great War,'' p. 141.|page=141}}</ref> He later worked for the [[Canadian war memorials|Canadian War Memorials]] as an [[Canadian official war artists|official war artist]] from 1917 to 1919.{{sfn|MacDonald|1977|p=522}} Jackson produced forty-five artworks for the organization, including the powerful ''A Copse, Evening'' (1918)--a grim depiction of the catastrophic effects of the [[World War I|First World War]] on the Belgian landscape.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brandon|first=Laura|title=War Art in Canada: A Critical History|publisher=Art Canada Institute|year=2021|isbn=978-1-4871-0271-5|location=Toronto}}</ref> A large number of his war paintings are in the [[Canadian War Museum]] in Ottawa.<ref name="Burant 2022">{{Cite book |last=Burant |first=Jim |url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/ottawa-art-and-artists/key-artists/ay-jackson/ |title=Ottawa Art & Artists: An Illustrated History |publisher=Art Canada Institute |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-4871-0289-0 |location=Toronto |language=English}}</ref>

On his return from WWI, Jackson again took up residence at the Studio Building. He removed Tom Thomson's easel, made by Thomson's own hand, from his studio and used it for all the subsequent pictures he produced in the Studio Building. Shortly after he returned from wintering on Georgian Bay, he learned that in his absence he had been included in an informal group of Studio Building artists, exhibiting for the first time, called the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]].<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/>

The [[Beaver Hall Group]] was formed in Montreal in May 1920 with A. Y. Jackson as president. In his opening speech, Jackson emphasized the right of the artist to paint what they feel "with utter disregard for what has hitherto been considered requisite to the acceptance of the work at the recognized art exhibitions in Canadian centres. "Schools and 'isms' do not trouble us", he maintained, "individual expression is our chief concern".<ref name="Meadowcraft">{{cite book|last1=Meadowcroft|first1=Barbara|title=Painting friends : the Beaver Hall women painters|date=2000|publisher=Véhicule Press|location=[Montréal]|isbn=9781550651256|edition=[Nachdr.]|oclc=45044300}}</ref> He identified its goals as being those of the Group of Seven, and over the years Jackson maintained the contact between Toronto and Montreal, supporting and stimulating the Montreal artists through regular visits, painting with artists such as [[Albert H. Robinson]] and others at various scenic locations, and correspondence. He kept them informed of events in Toronto and arranged for their works to be included in the Group of Seven exhibitions.<ref name="NGC30s">{{cite book|title=Canadian Paintings in the Thirties|date=1975|publisher=National Gallery of Canada|chapter-url=http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/enthusiast/thirties/html_chapters/catalogue_2_en.html|access-date=November 20, 2016|chapter=The Beaver Hall Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510111118/http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/enthusiast/thirties/html_chapters/catalogue_2_en.html|archive-date=May 10, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is through this kind of contact that he made lifelong friends of Beaver Hall artists [[Anne Savage (artist)|Anne Savage]], [[Sarah Robertson (painter)|Sarah Robertson]] and [[Kathleen Morris]].<ref name=Meadowcraft />

Jackson enjoyed painting landscapes from his native Quebec and did so for many years. Beginning in late February 1921, and for more than two decades, A.Y. Jackson explored the many topographies and villages of the Lower Saint Lawrence. He first visited Baie-Saint-Paul on the north shore in 1923.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Charles C. |title=Article |url=https://cowleyabbott.ca/artwork/AW42521 |website=cowleyabbott.ca |publisher=Cowley Abbott Auction |access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref> In his autobiography, he wrote:
<blockquote>at first, in my painting, I was interested in the old farm houses, in the barns and the trees. Later it was snow that captured my attention; the sun and the wind continually changed its colours and texture.<ref>A.Y. Jackson, ''A Painter's Country: The Autobiography of A.Y. Jackson'' (Clarke, Irwin & Company: Toronto, 1964), p. 69</ref></blockquote>

In 1932, Jackson depicted the [[Falconbridge Ltd.|Falconbridge]] smelter near Sudbury, in his painting ''Smoke Fantasy''. He then began efforts at government lobbying, pleading in a letter to the [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry|minister of Lands and Forests]] [[William Finlayson (Canadian politician)|William Finlayson]] to preserve from logging what became [[Killarney Provincial Park]] and [[Trout Lake (Ontario)|Trout Lake]]. The latter was renamed O.S.A. Lake in honour of the [[Ontario Society of Artists]] which had taken it into trust. Jackson's efforts were rewarded with the naming of a lake after him on his 90th birthday.{{sfnb|Waddington|Waddington|2016|p=226}}

In 1938, Jackson visited the mine-site of the isolated [[Radium]] [[Mining|mine]] at [[Port Radium, Northwest Territories]], in 1938.<ref name="AsiaOne2012-11-14">{{cite news|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Plush/Story/A1Story20121114-383365.html|title=Painting tied to Manhattan Project to be auctioned|date=November 14, 2012|access-date=December 2, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306162744/http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Plush/Story/A1Story20121114-383365.html|archive-date=March 6, 2016|publisher=[[Asia One]]|quote=A 74-year-old painting depicting the Canadian mine that produced uranium for the world's first atomic bomb will go under the hammer in Toronto on November 22, set to fetch up to Can$300,000 (S$367,000).}}</ref> Jackson was a friend of prospector [[Gilbert LaBine]], then the mine manager, and flew to the site with him, where he painted ''[[Radium Mine]]''.<ref name="Yahoo2012-11-13">{{cite news|url=http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/dailybrew/long-unseen-radium-mine-painting-group-seven-great-221015415.html|title=Long unseen, 'Radium Mine' by Group of Seven great A.Y. Jackson has nuclear significance|author=Steve Murti|date=November 13, 2012|access-date=December 2, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117035400/http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/dailybrew/long-unseen-radium-mine-painting-group-seven-great-221015415.html|archive-date=November 17, 2012|publisher=[[Yahoo News]]|quote=Jackson painted the work, along with one other now hanging in the National Gallery of Canada, during a 1938 visit to the Northwest Territories mine owned by his friend Gerald LaBine. The operation was on the eastern shore of Great Bear Lake, about 440 kilometres northwest of Yellowknife.}}</ref>

During the Second World War, Jackson became one of the central figures in the development of the Canadian War Art Program in 1943. Working with the [[National Gallery of Canada]], he played a pivotal role in organizing the largest public art project in Canadian history: the Sampson-Matthews silkscreen print program in 1942.<ref name="Burant 2022"/>

Jackson left the [[Studio Building (Toronto)|Studio Building]] in 1955 with [[Lawren Harris]] mourning, in a letter from Vancouver, "Your moving from the Studio Building marks the end of an era, the one era of creative art that has the greatest significance for Canada... You were the real force and inspiration that led all of us into a modern conception that suited this country, and the last to leave the home base of operations."<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/>

== Group of Seven ==
[[File:Group-of-seven-artists.jpg|thumb|Group of seven artists: [[Frederick Varley]], A. Y. Jackson, [[Lawren Harris]], Fairley, [[Frank Johnston (artist)]], [[Arthur Lismer]], and [[J. E. H. MacDonald]]]]

In 1919, Jackson and six painter colleagues formed the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]]. These artists were considered to be bold, because the Canadian northern landscape had previously been considered too rugged and wild to be painted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomthomson.org/groupseven/about1.html |title=About the Group of Seven |access-date=April 30, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427070315/http://www.tomthomson.org/groupseven/about1.html |archive-date=April 27, 2006 }}</ref> Like the other members of the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] many of his works began as tiny [[en plein air]] sketches in oil on hardboard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bradfield |first1=Helen |title=Art Gallery of Ontario: the Canadian Collection |pages=205–213 |date=1970 |publisher=McGraw Hill |location=Toronto |isbn=0070925046 |url=https://search.library.utoronto.ca/search?N=0&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Nu=p_work_normalized&Np=1&Ntt=Helen%20Bradfield%2C%20canadian%20collection%20%2C%20art%20gallery%20of%20ontario&Ntk=Anywhere |access-date=August 14, 2020 |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607002632/https://search.library.utoronto.ca/search?N=0&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Nu=p_work_normalized&Np=1&Ntt=Helen%20Bradfield,%20canadian%20collection%20,%20art%20gallery%20of%20ontario&Ntk=Anywhere |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although his name is conventionally associated with this group, he would also remain something of a loner throughout his life.<ref name="Reid">{{cite book|last1=Reid|first1=Dennis|title=A concise history of Canadian painting|date=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Toronto|isbn=9780195406634|edition=2nd|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00reid_0|url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|191}}

In 1925, he taught at the [[Ontario College of Art]] in Toronto; this was the only year that he missed his annual spring trip to Quebec.<ref name="canadianencyclopedia" /> In 1933, Jackson, along with Harris, was a founding member of the [[Canadian Group of Painters]]. Several members of the Group of Seven became members of this group, including [[A. J. Casson]], [[Arthur Lismer]] and [[Franklin Carmichael]].{{sfn|MacDonald|1977|p=525}}

== Later years ==
In 1943, Jackson first traveled to the Yukon with [[Henry George Glyde]]. He returned to the Yukon in 1964, this time with fellow artists Ralph Burton and Maurice Haycock, traveling by plane over the landscape.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Dennis |title=Alberta Rhythm: The Later Work of A.Y. Jackson |publisher=Art Gallery of Ontario |year=1982 |isbn=9780919876873 |location=Ontario |pages=33}}</ref> In 1954 he was one of 18 Canadian artists commissioned by the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] to paint a [[mural]] for the interior of one of the new [[Park series|Park cars]] entering service on the new ''[[Canadian (train)|Canadian]]'' transcontinental train. Each the murals depicted a different national or provincial park; Jackson's was [[Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park]].<ref name="cr2004">{{cite journal | url=http://www.exporail.org/can_rail/Canadian%20Rail_no503_2004.pdf | title=The 50th Anniversary of the CPR Stainless Steel Passenger Fleet | journal=Canadian Rail | date=November{{ndash}}December 2004 | issue=503 | pages=211–223 | access-date=February 7, 2015 | archive-date=September 24, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924005431/http://www.exporail.org/can_rail/Canadian%20Rail_no503_2004.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1953, a major [[retrospective]] titled ''A. Y. Jackson: Paintings 1901–1953'' was held at the [[Art Gallery of Ontario]] and [[National Gallery of Canada]] of his work. Jackson moved to the Ottawa region in 1955, settling in [[Manotick]]. He maintained a studio in downtown Ottawa from 1963 to 1968.<ref name="Burant 2022"/>

He was often accompanied on his peripatetic painting trips by artists such as [[Albert H. Robinson]] and [[Randolph Hewton]]. In his later years, on trips to the Ottawa Valley region, the Gatineau Hills, the Lievre River Valley and Ripond he was accompanied by friend, painter and former student [[Ralph Wallace Burton]], and fellow painters Maurice Haycock and Stuart D. Helmsley.<ref name="ottawariverinstitute.ca">[http://www.ottawariverinstitute.ca/art-gallery/ay-jackson-trail/437-ralph-burton]{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.walkersauctions.com/cat0505/walk18to46.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314163542/http://www.walkersauctions.com/cat0505/walk18to46.pdf|date=March 14, 2012}}</ref> One such venture almost ended in disaster: "[I]n the 1950s, when Ralph and A.Y. were painting on the banks of the Ottawa River at Deux Rivieres, a bullet ricocheted off a rock where Jackson was sitting."<ref name="ottawariverinstitute.ca"/>

In 1958, he published ''A Painter's Country'',<ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 978-0-7720-1102-2|title = A Painter's Country: The Autobiography of A. Y. Jackson|last1 = Jackson|first1 = Alexander Young|year = 1976| publisher=Clarke, Irwin }}</ref> an autobiography dedicated to the memory of Group of Seven member [[J. E. H. MacDonald]], who "visualized a Canadian school of painting and devoted his life to the realization of it".<ref>Jackson, A. Y., ''A Painter's Country'', [[Clarke, Irwin & Company]], 1958, Frontispiece</ref>

In 1964, Jackson submitted his own design during the [[Great Canadian Flag Debate|Great Flag Debate]]. It was similar in design to the [[Pearson Pennant]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/arts_entertainment/visual_arts/clips/4627/ |title=CBC Digital Archives |publisher=Archives.cbc.ca |access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref>

In 1965, Jackson had a serious stroke that put an end to his painting career. He recuperated at the home of friend and painter Ralph Wallace Burton, and later moved to the McMichael Conservation Estate in [[Kleinburg]], Ontario.<ref name="ottawariverinstitute.ca"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawariverkeeper.ca/river/creative_flow_celebrating_four_ottawa_river_artists |title=Creative Flow: Celebrating Four Ottawa River Artists |publisher=ottawariverkeeper.ca |access-date=December 14, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214105103/http://ottawariverkeeper.ca/river/creative_flow_celebrating_four_ottawa_river_artists |archive-date=December 14, 2013 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.galeriemolinas.com/artist.php?id=125 |title=A. Y. Jackson |publisher=Galeriemolinas.com |access-date=December 14, 2013}}</ref>
Jackson died in 1974, over the Easter holiday in a nursing home in Toronto. He is buried on the grounds of the [[McMichael Canadian Art Collection]].<ref>Jackson, A.Y., 'A Painter's Country,' Clarke Irwin, 1976, Foreword by Naomi Jackson Groves</ref> His niece [[Naomi Jackson Groves]] published several books about his life and work including ''Two Jacksons'' (2000), an account of a shared trip through France and Germany in 1936.<ref name="CWAHI">{{cite web|title=GROVES, Naomi Jackson|url=http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=1295|website=cwahi.concordia.ca|publisher=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative : Artist Database : Artists : GROVES, Naomi Jackson|access-date=November 19, 2016}}</ref><ref name="PenumbraTwoJs">{{cite web|title=Two Jacksons Abroad|url=http://www.penumbrapress.com/book.php?id=181|website=www.penumbrapress.com|publisher=Penumbra Press: Books, Art Prints, Limited Editions, Collectibles|access-date=November 19, 2016|archive-date=May 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524091336/https://www.penumbrapress.com/book.php?id=181|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Honours==
* In 1941, Queen's University, Kingston gave Jackson an LL.D.<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Degrees – Queen's |url=https://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/sites/uslcwww/files/uploaded_files/senate/honorarydegrees/HD-Recipients.pdf |website=www.queensu.ca |publisher=Queen`s University at Kingston |access-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526162256/https://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/sites/uslcwww/files/uploaded_files/senate/honorarydegrees/HD-Recipients.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In 1946 Jackson was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37633/supplement/3333|title=Page 3333 &#124; Supplement 37633, 28 June 1946 &#124; London Gazette &#124; the Gazette}}</ref> 
* In 1962, the University of Saskatchewan gave Jackson an LL.D.<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Degrees |url=https://library.usask.ca/archives/campus-history/honorary-degrees.php?id=141&view=detail&keyword=&campuses= |website=library.usask.ca |publisher=U Sask |access-date=June 18, 2022}}</ref>
* In 1967 Jackson was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2056 |title=Order of Canada |website=www.gg.ca |access-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070930055607/http://www.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2056 |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[A. Y. Jackson Secondary School (Toronto)|A. Y. Jackson Secondary School]] in Toronto was named after Jackson.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ayjackson.ca/ |title=A. Y. Jackson Secondary School, Toronto, ON |publisher=Ayjackson.ca |access-date=December 14, 2013}}</ref> He attended the opening of the school in 1970.
* [[A. Y. Jackson Secondary School (Ottawa)|A. Y. Jackson Secondary School]] in Ottawa is also named after him and opened in 1976.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ayj.ca/ |title=A.Y. Jackson Secondary School, Kanata (Ottawa), ON |publisher=Ayj.ca |access-date=December 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214093644/http://www.ayj.ca/ |archive-date=December 14, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In 1970, the [[Royal Canadian Academy]] awarded Jackson its medal for lifetime achievement.<ref>Jackson, A. Y., ''A Painter's Country'', Clarke Irwin, 1976, Foreword by Naomi Jackson Groves</ref>
* The A. Y. Jackson Lookout on [[Ontario Highway 144|Highway 144]] in [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]] overlooks the waterfall depicted in Jackson's 1953 painting ''Spring on the Onaping River''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boldts.net/album/Onaping.shtml |title=Spring on the Onaping River |publisher=Boldts.net |access-date=December 14, 2013 |archive-date=May 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518012350/http://www.boldts.net/album/Onaping.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The Ottawa River Institute has established an A. Y. Jackson Trail in his honour.<ref>[http://www.ottawariverinstitute.ca/art-gallery/ay-jackson-trail]{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref>

==Quotes from A. Y. Jackson==
Of Algoma, he wrote:<blockquote>Sketching here demanded a quick decision in composition, an ignoring or summarizing of much of the detail, a searching‒out of significant form, and a colour analysis that must never err on the side of timidity. One must know the north country intimately to appreciate the great variety of its forms. The impression of monotony that one receives from a train is soon dissipated when one gets into the bush. To fall into a formula for interpreting it is hardly possible.<ref>A. Y. Jackson, The Canadian Forum, vols. 1-2, p.175, Google Books</ref></blockquote>

==Paintings==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="230px">
File:A. Y. Jackson - Cathedral at Ypres, Belgium.jpg|''Cathedral at Ypres, Belgium'', 1917, [[McMichael Canadian Art Collection]], [[Kleinburg]], Ontario
File:A. Y. Jackson -House of Ypres.jpg|''House of Ypres'', 1917–18, [[Canadian War Museum]], [[Ottawa]], Ontario
File:A. Y. Jackson - Gas Attack, Lievin.jpeg|''Gas Attack, Lievin'', 1918, Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Ontario
File:A.Y. Jackson - Vimy Ridge from Souchez Valley.jpeg|''Vimy Ridge from Souchez Valley'', 1917, Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Ontario
File:A.Y. Jackson - The Pimple, Evening (1918).jpeg|''The Pimple, Evening'', 1918, Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Ontario
</gallery>

== Legacy ==
In 2025, ''Jackson's Wars: AY Jackson before the Group of Seven'', an examination of the work of the painter in the decade before the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]]'s formation in 1920, was held at the [[McMichael Canadian Art Collection]] in Kleinburg, co-curated by historian Douglas Hunter and [[Sarah Milroy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Exhibitions |url=https://mcmichael.com/event/jacksons-wars-a-y-jackson-before-the-group-of-seven |website=mcmichael.com |publisher=McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Kleinburg |access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref>

==See more==
* [[Canadian official war artists]]
* [[Military art|War art]]
* [[Studio Building (Toronto)|The Studio Building]], Toronto, the home and working studio of several Group of Seven painters

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Further reading ===
*{{citation |last =Boulet |first = Roger |author2=Group of Seven|author3=Tom Thomson |year =1982 |title = The Canadian Earth |url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2011-06-25T20%3A38%3A38Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=2894383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus|publisher=[[M. Bernard Loates]], Cerebrus Publishing |isbn=0920016103 }}
*Brandon, Laura. ''[https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/war-art-in-canada/ War Art in Canada: A Critical History.]'' Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2021. ISBN 978-1-4871-0271-5.
*Burant, Jim. ''[https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/ottawa-art-and-artists/ Ottawa Art And Artists: An Illustrated History].'' Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2022. {{ISBN|978-1-4871-0289-0}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=Douglas |title=Jackson's Wars: A.Y. Jackson, the Birth of the Group of Seven, and the Great War |date=2022 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|url=https://library.gallery.ca/search~S1?/ahunter%2C+Douglas/ahunter+douglas/1%2C1%2C2%2CB/frameset&FF=ahunter+douglas+1959&2%2C%2C2 |access-date=2 December 2023}}
* {{cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Colin S. |title=A Dictionary of Canadian Artists, vol. 2 |date=1977 |publisher=Canadian Paperbacks Publishing |location=Ottawa |edition=Third |url=https://search.library.utoronto.ca/search?N=0&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Nu=p_work_normalized&Np=1&Ntt=MacDonald%2C%20Colin%20S.%20(1977).%20A%20Dictionary%20of%20Canadian%20Artists%2C%20vol.%202%20(Third%20ed.)&Ntk=Anywhere|access-date=October 8, 2020}}
* {{cite book|last1=Waddington|first1=Jim|last2=Waddington|first2=Sue|title=In the Footsteps of the Group of Seven|date=2016|publisher=Goose Lane Editions|location=Fredericton |edition=paperback|isbn=978-0-86492-891-7}}
* [https://rookleys.com/blog/56-group-of-seven-a.y.-jackson/ GROUP OF SEVEN: A.Y. JACKSON - Rookleys Canadian Art]

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{OCC|2056}}
*[http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/ay-jackson The Canadian Encyclopedia, A.Y. Jackson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628235222/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/ay-jackson |date=June 28, 2012 }}
*[http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/visual-arts/the-group-of-seven-painters-in-the-wilderness/ay-jackson-still-painting-at-73.html CBC Digital Archives – The Group of Seven: Painters in the Wilderness]
*[http://www.nfb.ca/film/canadian_landscape/ ''Canadian Landscape'' – an online documentary at NFB.ca]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110929000723/http://www.pwnhc.ca/timeline/index_winIFix.asp?forward=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwnhc.ca%2Ftimeline%2F1925%2F1928JacksonBanting.htm 1928 A.Y. Jackson and Frederick Banting] NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
* [http://digitallibrary.uleth.ca/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/lc&CISOBOX1=Jackson%2C+A.+Y.+%28Alexander+Young%29%2C+1882-1974 A. Y. Jackson, Lethbridge College Buchanan Art Collection]
* [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0772011028 A Painter's Country on Amazon.com]
*[https://www.gallery.ca/library/ngc054.html A. Y. Jackson fonds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430164622/https://www.gallery.ca/library/ngc054.html |date=April 30, 2021 }} at the [[National Gallery of Canada]]
*[https://www.gallery.ca/library/ngc084.html N. D. Young fonds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215437/https://www.gallery.ca/library/ngc084.html |date=June 2, 2021 }} at the [[National Gallery of Canada]]

{{Tom Thomson}}
{{Group of Seven|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, A.Y.}}
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian painters]]
[[Category:Canadian male painters]]
[[Category:Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Canadian landscape painters]]
[[Category:Group of Seven (artists)]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Painters from Montreal]]
[[Category:School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:Académie Julian alumni]]
[[Category:Anglophone Quebec people]]
[[Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts]]
[[Category:World War I artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian war artists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society]]
[[Category:Canadian Impressionist painters]]
[[Category:Canadian Post-impressionist painters]]
[[Category:History of art in Canada]]