View source for AD 999

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{redirect|999 (year)|the year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar|999 BC}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2025}}
{{Year nav|999}}
{{M1 year in topic}}

Year '''999''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMXCIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* King [[Bermudo II of León|Bermudo II]] abdicates in favor of his 5-year-old son [[Alfonso V of León|Alfonso V]] as ruler of [[Kingdom of León|León]]. Moorish invaders have forced Bermudo to recognize the suzerainty of their leader, [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] vizier and the ''[[de facto]]'' ruler [[Almanzor|Al-Mansur]].
* [[September 9]] (999 or [[AD 1000|1000]]) &ndash; [[Battle of Svolder]]: A Norwegian fleet, commanded by [[Olaf Tryggvason]] in his longship ''[[Ormrinn langi]]'', is defeated by the combined fleet of the Danish king [[Sweyn Forkbeard]] and his Swedish counterpart [[Olof Skötkonung]], resulting in Tryggvason's death, and the splitting up of Norway between Sweden and Denmark.
'''Ireland'''
* [[December 30]] – [[Battle of Glenmama]]: The combined forces of [[Munster]] and [[Kingdom of Meath|Meath]] under [[Brian Boru]] ([[High King of Ireland]]) inflict a crushing defeat on the allied armies of [[Leinster]] and [[Kingdom of Dublin|Dublin]] near [[Lyons Hill]] ([[County Kildare]]).

==== Asia ====
'''Central Asia'''
* The [[Kara-Khanid Khanate|Karakhanids]] invade from north of the [[Syr Darya]] river, ending the [[Samanid Empire]] (modern [[Uzbekistan]]). The Samanid domains are split between the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Dynasty]] and the Karakhanids.
'''Japan'''
* [[February 9]] – The Mogi Ceremony of Fujiwara no Shoshi is held (she later becomes empress).
* [[December]] – Empress Teishi gives birth to Prince Atsuyasu (who becomes the imperial heir), but on the next day, her rival, Fujiwara no Shoshi, is promoted to Consort.
'''Vietnam'''

* Emperor [[Lê Hoàn|Lê Đại Hành]] personally led a campaign to conquer a total of 49 tribes in Hà Động. The Nhật Tắc tribe and others in Định Biên province were defeated, while the remaining tribes capitulated to the emperor.<ref name=":1">[[Ngô Sĩ Liên]] (1993), [[Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư]], page 72, vol. 1, "Kỷ nhà Lê: Đại Hành Hoàng Đế."</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory V]] dies after a 3-year [[pontificate]] in which the [[Crescentii]] family forced him to flee [[Rome]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope Silvester II|Sylvester II]] as the 139th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]].
* Bishop [[Aldhun]] consecrates a cathedral (later [[Durham Cathedral]]) at a site in England where the remains of [[Cuthbert|St. Cuthbert]] had been moved to in AD 995 from [[Lindisfarne]] because of the danger of [[Vikings|Viking]] raids. 
* [[Sigmundur Brestisson]], a Viking chieftain, introduces [[Christianity]] in the [[Faroe Islands]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Bao Zheng]], Chinese politician of the [[Song dynasty]] (d. [[1062]])
* [[Berengar of Tours]], French theologian (approximate date) (d. [[1088]])
* [[Fujiwara no Ishi]], Japanese empress consort (d. [[1036]])
* [[Odo, Count of Penthièvre]], duke and [[regent]] of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (approximate date) (d. [[1079]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia|Boleslaus II]] ("the Pious"), duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (b. c.932)
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory V|Gregory V]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (b. [[972]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Gregory V {{!}} pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregory-V |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=8 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* February &ndash; [[Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg|Matilda]], German princess-[[abbess]] and daughter of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] (b. [[955]]) 
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Ebergar]] (or Everger), archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]] (b. c.940)
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Gregor von Burtscheid]], German [[abbot]]
* [[December 16]] &ndash; [[Adelaide of Italy]], empress regent of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (b. [[931]])
* [[Alfred of Malmesbury]] (or Aelfric), English abbot and writer 
* [[Cao Bin]], Chinese general and governor (''[[jiedushi]]'') (b. [[931]])
* [[Ceallach ua Maílcorgus]], Irish [[Ollam|chief poet]] of [[Connacht]]
* [[Maredudd ab Owain]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] ([[Wales]]) (approximate date)
* [[Muirgheas mac Aedh]], king of [[Uí Díarmata]] ([[Ireland]]) (killed)
* [[Subh of Córdoba]], mother and regent of [[Hisham II]] (approximate date)
* [[Yelü Xiezhen]], Chinese general and politician

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:999| ]]