View source for AMOS

{{About| |the programming language|AMOS (programming language)|other uses|Amos (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Patria AMOS
| image              = Patria AMV XA-361 AMOS Kokonaisturvallisuus 2015 02.JPG
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Finnish AMV with AMOS mortar turret
| origin             = Finland/Sweden
| type               = Twin-barrel, self-loading mortar system
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          = 
| is_bladed          = 
| is_explosive       = 
| is_artillery       = yes
| is_vehicle         = 
| is_missile         = 
| is_UK              = <!-- Service history -->
| service            = 2007
| used_by            = [[Finnish Army]]
| wars               = <!-- Production history -->
| designer           = 50 % [[Patria (company)|Patria Vammas Oy]] <br> 50 % [[BAE Systems Hägglunds|Alvis Hägglunds AB]]
| design_date        = 1994–2006
| manufacturer       = [[Patria Hägglunds Oy]]
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 
| number             = 
| variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = {{convert|4,445|kg|lb|abbr=on}}(turret only)
| length             = 
| part_length        = {{convert|3,000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} L/25
| width              = 
| height             = 
| diameter           = 
| crew               = 1+3 (vehicle-fit, 2 in turret)
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge          = Standard mortar smoothbore + stub case or smart guided ammunition. Typically HE
| caliber            = 2 × {{convert|120|mm|inch|sigfig=3}} smoothbore
| barrels            = 2
| action             = 30 s (time to fire)<br>10 s (time to scoot)
| rate               = 16 rds/min maximum<br>12 rds/min sustained
| velocity           = 
| range              = {{convert|6|–|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} (ammo dependent)
| max_range          = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} (indirect fire)<br>{{convert|150|–|1,550|m|mi|abbr=on}} (direct fire)<br><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amos.fi/ |title=Patria Hägglunds |access-date=2012-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120100633/http://www.amos.fi/ |archive-date=2012-11-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| feed               = semi-automatic
| sights             = <!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech             = yes <!-- breech-loading-->
| recoil             = hydro-pneumatic suspension
| carriage           = 48 rds
| elevation          = −3° to +85°, electrical/manual
| traverse           = ± 360°, electrical/manual
<!-- Explosive specifications -->| filling            = 
| filling_weight     = 
| detonation         = 
| yield              = 
}}

'''AMOS''' or '''Advanced Mortar System''' is a Finno-Swedish 120&nbsp;mm semi-automatic twin [[Barrel (firearms)|barrel]]led, [[Breech-loading weapon|breech loaded]]
[[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] [[Gun turret|turret]]. AMOS has been fitted to a wide range of armoured vehicles, such as the [[Sisu Pasi]], [[Patria AMV]] and [[Combat Vehicle 90]]. The [[Swedish Navy]] originally planned to fit AMOS to the [[CB90]] assault craft, but found that it was too small to carry it. Instead, a project to develop the larger [[Combat Boat 2010]] was launched specifically to carry AMOS. Sweden cancelled its acquisition of the AMOS in 2009<ref>{{Cite web |last=Häggblom |first=Robin |date=2023-05-23 |title=Swedish Marines get shipboard mortars |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/05/swedish-marines-get-shipboard-mortars/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref> due to budget regulations by recommendations from [[Genomförandegruppen]]. In 2016 a new self propelled mortar system called ''Mjölner'' based on a [[CV90]] hull was ordered by the Swedish armed forces, it is based on the AMOS and has many visual similarities but is not as advanced.

== Design ==
[[File:Patria AMV XA-361 AMOS Kokonaisturvallisuus 2015 04 interior.JPG|thumb|AMOS ammunition storage compartment]]

When fitted to a vehicle, both [[GPS]]- and [[Inertial navigation system|inertia positioning]] are used. The electronic [[fire-control system]] utilizes [[Digital mapping|digital maps]]. The twin barreled AMOS is able to keep up rate of fire of 12 rounds per minute. Using its computer-controlled [[Artillery#Multiple round simultaneous impact|Multiple round simultaneous impact (MRSI)]] feature it is possible to set up a burst of up to 10 rounds that hit the target simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-03|title=BAE Systems Datasheet|url=http://www.baesystems.se/Hagglunds/Brochure/Amos.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009212354/http://www.baesystems.se/Hagglunds/Brochure/Amos.pdf |archive-date=2006-10-09 }}</ref> The first rounds are fired at higher angles with more [[propellant]] so that the rounds fly in a high arc. The next rounds are shot later with a slightly smaller angle and less propellant so that they fly a lower arc to the same target. This can be done seven times in a row, always adjusting the angle and power. The adjustment between shots is done by a [[computer]]. The strike of one AMOS unit roughly equals one strike of an [[artillery battery]].

An AMOS [[Gun turret|turret]] has a full 360-degree field of fire at elevations of −3 to +85 degrees. AMOS is capable of both conventional indirect fire and direct fire for self-protection. In a typical installation, mounted on a Patria AMV or a similar vehicle, the vehicle can dash to the next position roughly 30 seconds after initiating the 14-round salvo, leaving minimal time for detection and counter-attack by enemy; evasion is the primary means of self-protection.

AMOS is manufactured and marketed by Finnish/Swedish Patria Hägglunds, a joint venture between Finnish [[Patria (company)|Patria]] and Swedish [[BAE Systems Hägglunds]]. The system was to be known as the '''SSG120''' in Swedish service. [[Ammunition]] for AMOS includes the [[Strix mortar round|Strix]] guided round and a modification of the Spanish [[Instalaza]] [[MAT-120]] 120&nbsp;mm Mortar Cargo Round (although the latter is restricted from the Finnish inventory because of Finnish partnership in the [[Ottawa Treaty]] abolishing landmines). AMOS is capable of firing standard muzzle-loaded mortar rounds, but due to the breech-load design in the AMOS, the rounds have to be equipped with a short stub case at the base of the fins, similar to a sabot. When the round is fired, the case exits the breech system automatically.

==Operators==
[[File:AMOS operators.png|thumb|300px|Map of AMOS operators in blue]]

===Current operators===

* {{flag|Finland}}
** '''18 AMOS''' ordered in 2010, delivered from 2013, all in service <ref>{{Cite web |title=CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY BUILDING MEASURES - VIENNA DOCUMENT 2011 - ANNUAL EXCHANGE OF MILITARY INFORMATION - Finland |url=https://puolustusvoimat.fi/documents/1948673/2014902/CBMFI23.pdf |website=puolustusvoimat.fi}}</ref>

=== Potential orders ===

* {{flag|Czech Republic}}
** The [[Army of the Czech Republic|Army]] is looking for '''62''' self-propelled mortars, capable of indirect, semi-direct and direct fire and most likely on the 8x8 [[Pandur II]]. The competitors are the [[Patria NEMO]] and the [[M120 Rak]]. The NEMO is the favorite. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CZDEFENCE |title=Self-propelled mortars for the Czech Armed Forces – single-barrel turrets on 8x8 wheeled chassis |url=https://www.czdefence.cz/clanek/samohybne-minomety-acr-jednohlavnove-veze-na-kolovem-podvozku-8x8 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.czdefence.cz |language=en}}</ref>

=== Cancelled orders ===

* {{flag|Finland}}
** '''6 AMOS''' were in the end not ordered as 24 were initially ordered, but only 18 were purchased and supplied.

* {{flag|Sweden}}
** {{army|Sweden}} '''40 AMOS''' was cancelled in 2009 due to financial reasons. It was expected to be installed on the [[Combat Vehicle 90|CV90]]. In 2016, the Mjölner was selected to take over the role of the AMOS. 80 Mjölner turrets have been ordered so far.
** {{navy|Sweden}} The '''AMOS''' purchase was cancelled in 2009 after studies finding out that fitting it to the [[Combat Boat 2010]] was too expensive. Initially, the [[CB90]] was the platform planned, but it was discovered to be too small to carry the AMOS. In 2023, Sweden decided to manufacture such a ship, but with the Patria Nemo as a turret, 8 were ordered.<ref>{{Cite web |title=24 M FAST MORTAR - Swede Ship Marine AB - PDF Catalogs {{!}} Documentation {{!}} Boating Brochures |url=https://pdf.nauticexpo.com/pdf/swede-ship-marine-ab/24-m-fast-mortar/36943-106870.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=pdf.nauticexpo.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{lwc|Patria NEMO}}
* {{lwc|Light-weight combat vehicle }}
* {{lwc|M120 Rak}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121120100633/http://www.amos.fi/ AMOS at Patria Hägglunds's website] Rev 7.3.2012
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120115094444/http://www.patria.fi/Patria_WWW_EN_Sisalto/Patria_WWW_EN/Products+and+services/Mortar+Systems+sitearea/AMOS+Advanced+Mortar+System/index.html AMOS Advanced Mortar System] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20120105114053/http://www.patria.fi/525f30004d9b1426af41af4b69f1ce94/Amos2008.pdf Amos Brochure 2008] at www.patria.fi. Rev. 7.3.2012
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720142313/http://www.instalaza.es/eng/noticias2.html Instalaza news web page]

{{Patria (company)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:120 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Mortars of Finland]]
[[Category:Mortars of Sweden]]
[[Category:Gun-mortars]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Patria (company)]]