View source for Abdul Razak Hussein

{{short description|Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1970 to 1976}}
{{About|the second prime minister of Malaysia|the Burmese politician|U Razak}}
{{Malay name|Abdul Razak|Hussein|note=on}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[Malay styles and titles#Honorary styles|Yang Amat Berbahagia]] [[Malay styles and titles#Tun|Tun]]
| native_name_lang    = ms
| name                = Abdul Razak Hussein
| native_name         = {{nobold|عبد الرزاق حسين}}
| honorific-suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=MYS|size=100|DMN|DK I (Pahang)|DK (Kelantan)|SMN|DUK|SIMP|SPMJ|SPMK (Kelantan)|SPMS|SPMP (Perlis)|SPCM|DUPN|SPDK|SPMT|DP|SPMP (Perak)|SPMB|DPMB}} {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100|GCMG}}
| image               = Ministers, ontvangsten, buitenlandse betrekkingen, Luns, JAMH, Razak Tun Abd, Bestanddeelnr 083-0834 (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Abdul Razak at [[Amsterdam]], 1968.
<!-- Highest government office -->| office              = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]]
| term_start          = 22 September 1970
| term_end            = 14 January 1976
| monarch             = {{Unbulleted list 
|[[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Abdul Halim]]  
|[[Yahya Petra of Kelantan|Yahya Petra]]}}
| deputy              = {{Unbulleted list 
 |[[Ismail Abdul Rahman]]
 |[[Hussein Onn]]
 }}
| predecessor         = [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]]
| successor           = Hussein Onn
<!-- Highest party office -->| office2             = [[President of the United Malays National Organisation|President of UMNO]]
| term_start2         = 25 January 1971
| term_end2           = 14 January 1976
| predecessor2        = Tunku Abdul Rahman
| successor2          = Hussein Onn
<!-- Other ministerial offices -->
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |cont = yes |Ministerial portfolios
| titlestyle          = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder
| embed               = yes
| office3             = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia]]
| monarch3            = {{Unbulleted list
 |Abdul Rahman
 |Hisamuddin
 |Putra
 |Ismail Nasiruddin
 |Abdul Halim
 }}
| 1blankname3         = {{nowrap|Prime Minister}}
| 1namedata3          = Tunku Abdul Rahman
| term_start3         = 31 August 1957
| term_end3           = 22 September 1970
| predecessor3        = ''Office established''
| successor3          = Ismail Abdul Rahman
<!-- Second position. -->
| office4             = [[List of Menteris Besar of Pahang|Menteri Besar of Pahang]]
| monarch4            = [[Abu Bakar of Pahang|Abu Bakar]]
| term_start4         = 1 February 1955
| term_end4           = 15 June 1955
| predecessor4        = [[:ms:Tengku Muhamad bin al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad|Tengku Muhamad Sultan Ahmad]]
| successor4          = Tengku Muhamad Sultan Ahmad
<!-- Simplified positions -->
| title5              = [[Cabinet of Malaysia|Minister]]
| subterm5            = 1955{{ndash}}1957
| suboffice5          = [[Minister of Education (Malaysia)|Education]]
| subterm6            = 1957{{ndash}}1970
| suboffice6          = [[Minister of Defence (Malaysia)|Defence]]
| subterm7            = 1957{{ndash}}1970
| suboffice7          = [[Minister of Rural Development (Malaysia)|National and Rural Development]]
| subterm8            = 1967{{ndash}}1969
| suboffice8          = [[Minister of Home Affairs (Malaysia)|Home Affairs]]
| subterm9            = 1970{{ndash}}1975
| suboffice9          = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Foreign Affairs]]
| subterm10           = 1974
| suboffice10         = [[Minister of Finance (Malaysia)|Finance]]
| subterm11           = 1974{{ndash}}1976
| suboffice11         = Defence
{{Collapsed infobox section end}} }}
<!-- Parliamentary office -->
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |cont = yes |Parliamentary offices
| titlestyle          = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder
| embed               = yes
| office12             = Member of Parliament<br/>for [[Pekan (federal constituency)|Pekan]]
| term_start12         = 11 September 1959
| term_end12           = 14 January 1976{{efn|Parliament suspended between 15 May 1969 and 20 February 1971.}}
| predecessor12        = ''Constituency created''
| successor12          = [[Najib Razak]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}} }}
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |cont = yes |Political positions
| titlestyle          = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder
| embed               = yes
<!-- Simplified positions -->
| subterm8            = 1950{{ndash}}1951
| suboffice8          = Leader of [[UMNO Youth]]
| subterm9            = 1970{{ndash}}1973
| suboffice9          = Leader of [[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance Party]]
| subterm10            = 1973{{ndash}}1976
| suboffice10          = Chairman of [[Barisan Nasional]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}} }}
| birth_name          = Abdul Razak bin Hussein
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=y|1922|03|11}}
| birth_place         = [[Pekan, Pahang]], Federated Malay States
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=y|1976|01|14|1922|03|11}}
| death_place         = [[London]], England
| resting_place       = [[Makam Pahlawan]], Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| party               = {{unbulleted list
 |[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] (1947{{ndash}}1950)
 |[[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]] (1950{{ndash}}1976)
}}
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Rahah Noah]]|1952}}
| children            = 5 (including [[Najib Razak|Najib]] and [[Nazir Razak|Nazir]])
| mother              = Hajah Teh Fatimah Daud
| father              = [[:ms:Hussein bin Mohd Taib|Hussein Awang Mohd Taib]]
| education           = [[Malay College Kuala Kangsar]]
| alma_mater          = {{unbulleted list
 |[[Raffles Institution|Raffles College]] (unfinished)
 |[[Lincoln's Inn]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
}}
| awards              = [[Abdul Razak Hussein#Awards and recognitions|Full list]]
| signature           = 
| allegiance          = 
| branch              = ''[[Rejimen Askar Wataniah|Askar Wataniah Pahang]]''
| rank                = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| serviceyears        = 1941{{ndash}}1945
| battles             = [[World War II]]
| unit                = [[Force 136]]
| otherparty          = {{unbulleted list
 |[[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]] (1955{{ndash}}1973)
 |[[Barisan Nasional|BN]] (1973{{ndash}}1976)
}}
}}
'''Abdul Razak bin Hussein'''  ({{langx|ms-Arab|عبد الرزاق بن حسين|label=[[Jawi script|Jawi]]}}; 11 March 1922 – 14 January 1976) was a Malaysian lawyer and politician who served as the second [[prime minister of Malaysia]] from 1970 until his death in 1976. He also served as the first [[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia|deputy prime minister of Malaysia]] from 1957 to 1970. He is referred to as the "Father of Development" ("''Bapa Pembangunan''") of Malaysia.

During his term as prime minister, Abdul Razak launched the [[Malaysian New Economic Policy]] (NEP), a program aimed at reducing the socioeconomic disparity between ethnic communities, particularly those of the ethnic [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] and [[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351933353 |title=Global Minority Rights |date=2017-05-15 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-25420-3 |editor-last=Castellino |editor-first=Joshua |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315254203-12}}</ref> He also oversaw a realignment of Malaysia foreign policy away from his predecessor's pro-West and anti-Communist attitude and towards neutrality, with the country becoming a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] in 1970. Abdul Razak was also the figure responsible for setting up [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN), a political coalition which held power uninterrupted from its inception in 1974 to 2018.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cheah Boon Kheng|title=Malaysia: The Making of a Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Owo39zRMQbwC&pg=PA147|year=2002|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-230-175-8|pages=147–}}</ref>

His eldest son, [[Najib Razak]], became the sixth prime minister in 2009; however, later became infamous for his involvement in the [[1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal|1MDB corruption scandal]], which led to his conviction on multiple charges of corruption, abuse of power, and money laundering.

==Early life and education==
Born in Kampung Pulau Keladi, a village located northwest of Pekan, Pahang on 11 March 1922,<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdul Razak bin Hussein, Tun Haji |edition=15th |year=2010 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/21 21] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/21 }}</ref> Abdul Razak is the first of two children to Yang Dihormati (YDH) Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar ke-9, Dato' [[:ms:Hussein bin Mohd Taib|Hussein Awang bin Mohd Taib]] (1898–1950) and Datin Hajah Teh Fatimah bt Daud (1906–1968). An aristocratic descendant of ''[[Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar]]'', Abdul Razak studied at the [[Malay College Kuala Kangsar]].

After joining the Malay Administrative Service in 1938, he was awarded a scholarship to study at [[Raffles College]] in Singapore in 1940. His studies at the college ceased with the onset of the [[Second World War]]. During the war he helped organise the [[Rejimen Askar Wataniah|''Wataniah'']] resistance movement in [[Pahang]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationAbdulRazak.htm |title=1967 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership – Tun Abdul Razak<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=17 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010064619/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationAbdulRazak.htm |archive-date=10 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After [[World War II]], Abdul Razak left for Britain in 1948 to study law. In 1950, he received a law degree and qualified as a barrister at [[Lincoln's Inn]] in London. During his student days in England, Abdul Razak was a member of the [[British Labour Party]] and a prominent student leader of the Malay Association of Great Britain, and formed the student association [[Malayan Forum]].

== Involvement in World War II ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2024}}
After his studies were interrupted in 1942 because of [[World War II]], Abdul Razak returned to [[Kuantan]], Pahang. There, he met his former colleague from the Malay Administrative Service, [[Yeop Mahidin Bin Mohamed Shariff|Yeop Mahidin]], and expressed his interest in joining the Malay Regiment (now [[Royal Malay Regiment]]). Mahidin, who was also the founder of ''Askar Wataniah Pahang'' ('Pahang State Territorial Army'; precursor of the ''[[Rejimen Askar Wataniah]]''), recruited Razak into his new [[guerrilla]] force. Upon the completion of his training, Razak was instructed to join the Japanese Malayan Civil Service as an agent and [[informant]].

Razak, as an aristocrat and son of a respected Malay leader in Pahang, was posted to his home state of Pahang as an assistant to District Officer and at the same time as a bridge for the Japanese to gain the trust of local Malays. Using his privileges as an aristocrat, Razak started networking with the [[Imperial Japanese Armed Forces|Imperial Japanese Forces]] while maintaining his connection with Yeop Mahidin. His role as an informant inside the Japanese Administration was only known to a few. Because of this, Razak was labelled as a traitor by the rest of the ''Wataniah Pahang''.

As the Malay population received preferential treatment compared to other ethnic groups, it was not fully trusted by the British to oppose the [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Japanese occupation]]. Nevertheless, the ''Askar Wataniah Pahang'' with its 200 members were absorbed into the [[Special Operations Executive]] (SOE) and organised under [[Force 136]].

Force 136 Pahang's missions' continuous success made the Japanese Administration begin to suspect that there were informants inside their administration. Force 136 Pahang quickly set up an extraction mission to recover their agent, Razak, who was still unknown to many of its members.

== Early political career ==
{{Conservatism in Malaysia|People}}
[[File:Walter Nash & Abdul Razak Hussein in Kuala Lumpur, 1960.jpg|thumb|left|Deputy Prime Minister Razak greeting New Zealand Prime Minister [[Walter Nash]] in 1960.]]
[[File:President John F. Kennedy with Deputy Prime Minister of Malaya, Tun Abdul Razak Hussein - KN-C28090.jpg|thumb|left|Deputy Prime Minister Razak with U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] in the [[White House]], 1961]]
Upon his return from the United Kingdom, in 1950, Tun Razak joined the [[Civil service in Malaysia|Malayan Civil Service]].<ref name=EB/> Owing to his political calibre, he became the youth chief for [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO). Two years later, he worked as the Assistant State Secretary of [[Pahang]] and in February 1955, at just 33 years of age, became [[List of Menteris Besar of Pahang|Pahang's Chief Minister]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dato Razak is youngest Mentri now |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19550203-1.2.166 |access-date=28 February 2025 |work=The Straits Times |date=3 February 1955 |page=8}}</ref>

Razak stood in and won a seat in Malaya's first general elections in July 1955 and was appointed as the [[Ministry of Education (Malaysia)|Education Minister]]. He was instrumental in the drafting of the [[Razak Report]] which formed the basis of the [[Education in Malaysia|Malayan education]] system. Tun Razak was also a key member of the February 1956 mission to London to seek the independence of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] from the British.<ref name=EB/>

He was appointed [[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia|Deputy Prime Minister]] and [[Minister of Defence]] in 1957 and, after the [[1959 Malayan general election|1959 general election]], also held the [[Ministry of Rural and Regional Development|Ministry of National and Rural Development]] portfolio. His ideas concerning rural development and agriculture were collected into the Red Book (''Buku Merah'') and Green Book (''Buku Hijau'') respectively and served as the basis for government policy during his time in power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tun Abdul Razak Hussein (1970–76) Father of Development |url=https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/legal-and-general-news/general-news/tun-abdul-razak-hussein-1970-76-father-of-development |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=www.malaysianbar.org.my |language=en}}</ref>

== Prime Minister ==
{{Infobox administration
| image =
| caption = 
| term_start = 22 September 1970
| term_end = 14 January 1976
| premier = Abdul Razak Hussein
| premier_link = Prime Minister of Malaysia
| cabinet = {{hlist|[[First Razak cabinet|Razak I]]|[[Second Razak cabinet|Razak II]]}}
| party = [[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]]–[[UMNO]] <br/> (1970–1973) <br/> [[Barisan Nasional|BN]]–[[UMNO]] <br/> (1973–1976)
| election = [[1974 Malaysian general election|1974]]
| monarch = [[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Abdul Halim]] <br/> [[Yahya Petra of Kelantan|Yahya Petra]]
| seat = [[Tun Abdul Razak Memorial|Seri Taman]]
| predecessor = [[Tunku Abdul Rahman#Premiership (1957–1970)|Tunku]]
| successor = [[Hussein Onn#Prime Minister (1976–1981)|Hussein]]
| official_url = 
}}
=== Gaining power ===
In the aftermath of the ethnic riot of 1969, known as the [[13 May incident]], incumbent prime minister [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]] was subjected to criticism from Malay nationalists within UMNO, among them supporters of Abdul Razak, for his pluralist and accommodating attitude towards the country's non-Malay population. During the state of emergency that lasted from 1969 to 1971, Tunku's power as prime minister was eroded by Abdul Razak, who led the [[National Operations Council]] that ruled in lieu of the elected government, culminating in his resignation in 1970. The official narrative of the 13 May incident and the circumstances under which Abdul Razak became prime minister are still contested by some.<ref>{{Cite web |title=May 13, 1969: Truth and reconciliation |url=https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/legal-and-general-news/general-news/may-13-1969-truth-and-reconciliation |website=Malaysian Bar |access-date=2024-11-02}}</ref>

=== Domestic affairs ===
The government excised [[Kuala Lumpur]] from the state of [[Selangor]] in 1974, which served to detach five opposition parliamentary seats from the Selangor legislative council, helping prevent the state from falling into the hands of opposition parties. It also kept to the previous government's decision to suspend local government elections and through a parliamentary act allowed state governments to take over local authorities and appoint members to relevant bodies.

=== Foreign affairs ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 265
| image1            = 0653jfPuerta del Parian and Revellin de Parian Asean Garden Busts Intramurosfvf 22.jpg
| image2            = 0653jfPuerta del Parian and Revellin de Parian Asean Garden Busts Intramurosfvf 23 (cropped).jpg
| caption1          = 
| caption2          = Bust of Tun Abdul Razak at the ASEAN Garden with the excerpt from his statement at the [[ASEAN Declaration|inauguration]] of [[ASEAN]].
| direction         = vertical
| header            = 
| align             = right
}}

Abdul Razak also took up the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] portfolio upon becoming prime minister and oversaw a realignment of the country's foreign policy away from the [[Western world|West]] and anti-Communism towards neutrality and non-alignment in international conflicts,<ref name="Salleh">{{Cite book |last1=Salleh |first1=Asri |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4137-1 |title=Malaysia's United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (1960–2010) |last2=Idris |first2=Asmady |date=2021 |isbn=978-981-33-4136-4 |doi=10.1007/978-981-33-4137-1}}</ref> as well as an increased focus on regional affairs through the [[ASEAN|Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN).

Malaysia joined the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] in 1970, while the [[Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement|Anglo-Malayan military alliance]] was replaced with the [[Five Power Defence Arrangements]] in 1971.<ref name="Salleh"/> It also became a signatory of the [[Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality|Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration]] (ZOPFAN) in 1971 as part of ASEAN.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pmo.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ZOPFAN.pdf |title=Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration |website=Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia |access-date=2024-11-02}}</ref>

Bilateral relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] were inaugurated with Abdul Razak's state visit and Malaysia's adoption of the [[One China|One China Policy]] in 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Have Friendly Malaysia-China Relations Gone Awry? |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2021/07/have-friendly-malaysia-china-relations-gone-awry?lang=en |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/joint-statement-between-the-people-s-republic-of-china-and-malaysia-on-deepening-the-comprehensive-strategic-partnership-towards-china-malaysia-commun |title=Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and Malaysia on Deepening the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership towards China-Malaysia Community with a Shared Future| website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia |access-date=2024-11-02}}</ref>

==Death==
Abdul Razak was diagnosed with [[leukemia]] in 1969 and given two years to live, but kept the diagnosis secret from his friends and family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tun Abdul Razak Dato' Hussein – Perdana Leadership Foundation |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/pms-of-malaysia/tun-abdul-razak-dato-hussein/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Abdul Razak died in office on 14 January 1976<ref name=EB /><ref>{{cite news |title=Razak is Dead - Malaysian Premier dies of leukaemia in London |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1976-01-15/full.jpg |work=[[The Straits Times]] |publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]] |date=15 January 1976}}</ref> while seeking medical treatment in London. He was posthumously granted the soubriquet ''Bapa Pembangunan'' ('Father of Development'). He was laid to rest in [[Makam Pahlawan|Heroes Mausoleum]] ({{Langx|ms|Makam Pahlawan}}) near [[Masjid Negara]], Kuala Lumpur.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=P. M. |date=17 January 1976 |title=Tun's Last Journey Through The City |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19760117-1.1.32 |access-date=14 May 2025 |work=The Straits Times |pages=32}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ {{sronly|List of films}}
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col"|Title
!scope="col"|Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Link(s)
|-
! scope="row"|1969
| ''The Red Book''
| ''Himself''
| Tun Abdul Razak makes his debut in the film to explain the policy of rural economic development.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hassan Abdul Muthalib |title=Malaysian Cinema in a Bottle: A Century (and a Bit More) of Wayang|date=2013 |publisher=Merpati Jingga|isbn=9789670584010|pages=88}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Filem Negara Malaysia|Malayan Film Unit]] (currently [[National Film Development Corporation Malaysia|FINAS]]).
| style="text-align:center;"| {{external media|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56l0eWu3PrA Retrospektif: The Red Book (1969)] via [[YouTube]] channel by FINAS.}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+ [[Dewan Rakyat|Parliament of Malaysia]]
!|Year
!|Constituency
!colspan=2|Candidate
!|Votes
!|Pct
!colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballots cast
!|Majority
!|Turnout
|-
|[[1959 Malayan general election|1959]]
| rowspan=3|'''P062 [[Pekan (federal constituency)|Pekan]]'''
|{{party shading/Alliance Party (Malaysia)}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Abdul Razak Hussein'''}} ([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']])
| align=right|'''8,811'''
|'''77.26%'''
|{{party shading/PAS}} |
|Mohamed Ariff Abas ([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PMIP]])
| align=right|2,593
|22.74%
|11,508
|6,218
|74.52%
|-
|[[1964 Malaysian general election|1964]]
|{{party shading/Alliance Party (Malaysia)}} |
|'''Abdul Razak Hussein''' ([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']])
| align=right|'''11,858'''
|'''87.39%'''
|{{party shading/PAS}} |
|Abdul Hamid Awang Hitam ([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PMIP]])
| align=right|1,711
|12.61%
|14,165
|10,147
|76.63%
|-
|[[1969 Malaysian general election|1969]]
|{{party shading/Alliance Party (Malaysia)}} |
|'''Abdul Razak Hussein''' ([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']])
| align=right|'''12,641'''
|'''77.28%'''
|{{party shading/PAS}} |
|Yazid Jaafar ([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PMIP]])
| align=right|3,716
|22.72%
|16,845
|8,925
|71.24%
|-
|[[1974 Malaysian general election|1974]]
|'''P071 [[Pekan (federal constituency)|Pekan]]'''
|{{party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|'''Abdul Razak Hussein''' ([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']])
| colspan=9 style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"|Unopposed
|}

==Awards and recognitions==
[[File:JFK, DPM Malaya, Hilsman.jpg|thumb|right|Deputy Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak with US President John F. Kennedy at the White House in 1961]]

===Titles===
*{{flag|Malaysia}} 
** '''Father of Development''' (''Bapa Pembangunan''), (posthumously)
*{{flag|Pahang}}
** Yang DiHormat Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar ke-10

===Honours of Malaysia===
* {{flag|Malaya}}
** [[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg|50px]] Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Defender of the Realm]] (SMN) – '''Tun''' (1959)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19590831-1.2.7|title=Lagi dua orang bergelar Tun|date=31 August 1959|work=[[Berita Harian]]|page=1}}</ref>
* {{flag|Malaysia}}
** [[File:Malaysian Commemorative Medal ribbon.gif|50px]] Recipient of the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia#Honorary orders and medals|Malaysian Commemorative Medal (Gold)]] (PPM) (1965)
** [[File:MY Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara (Crown of the Realm) - DMN.svg|50px]] Recipient of the [[Order of the Crown of the Realm]] (DMN) (1976)<ref>{{cite web|title=Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1976.|url=https://www.istiadat.gov.my//wp-content/uploads/2020/08/1976.pdf}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Pahang}}
** [[File:MY-PAH Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang - DK I.svg|50px]] Member 1st class of the [[Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang]] (DK I) (1973)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Zainuddin Maidin|title=Tun Razak: Jejak Bertapak Seorang Patriot|date=1997|publisher=Lembaga Pemegang Amanah, Yayasan Tun Razak|isbn=967-61-0751-4|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]|pages=320|oclc=38048384}}</ref>
** [[File:MY-PAH Order of the Crown of Pahang - Grand Knight - SIMP.svg|50px]] Grand Knight of the [[Order of the Crown of Pahang]] (SIMP) – formerly '''''Dato'''''', now '''Dato' Indera''' (1967)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19670530-1.2.20|title=Bintang Pahang untok Sultan Johor|date=30 May 1967|work=[[Berita Harian]]|page=2}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Kelantan}}
** [[File:MY-KEL Royal Family Order - Star of Yunus - DK.svg|50px]] Recipient of the [[Royal Family Order of Kelantan|Royal Family Order]] (DK)
** [[File:MY-KEL Order of the Crown of Kelantan - Star of Muhammad.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Kelantan|Order of the Crown of Kelantan]] (SPMK) – '''Dato''''
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[File:MY-KED Kedah Supreme Order of Merit (DUK).svg|50px]] Member of the [[Kedah Supreme Order of Merit]] (DUK) 
* {{Flag|Penang}}
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Defender of State]] (DUPN) – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (1975)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19750205-1.2.114.7|title=Top award for Razak|work=The Straits Times|date=5 February 1975|pages=22}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[File:MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg|50px]] Grand Commander of the [[Order of Kinabalu]] (SPDK) – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1971)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19710625-1.2.54|title=Tun: Be vigilant agamst bad elements|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=25 June 1971|pages=9}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Perlis}}
** [[File:MY-PERL Order of the Crown of Perlis - Knight Grand Commander - SPMP.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Perlis|the Order of the Crown of Perlis]] (SPMP) – '''Dato' Seri''' (1965)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19650916-1.2.70|title=21 das untok menyambut Seri Paduka di-Kangar|work=Berita Harian|date=16 September 1965|pages=5}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** [[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Crown of Selangor]] (SPMS) – '''Dato' Seri''' (1965)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=43&subcat=S.P.M.S.|title=SPMS 1965|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Johor}}
** [[File:Order of the Crown of Johor ribbon bar.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Crown of Johor]] (SPMJ) – '''Dato'''' (1961)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19611028-1.2.64 | title=Tengku and brother head list of honours | work=[[The Straits Times]] | date=28 October 1961 | pages=7}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Terengganu}}
** [[File:MY-TER Order of the Crown of Terengganu - SPMT - SMT - AMT.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Crown of Terengganu]] (SPMT) – '''Dato'''' (1964)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19640626-1.2.64 | title=Anugerah Sultan kepada Tengku | work=[[Berita Harian]] | date=26 June 1964 | pages=9}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Perak}}
** [[File:MY-PERA Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (before 2001).svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Perak|Order of Cura Si Manja Kini]] (SPCM) – '''Dato' Seri''' (1974)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pingat.perak.gov.my/carian-thn.php?m=1&tahun=1974&kod_pingat=SPCM|title=SPCM 1974|website=pingat.perak.gov.my|access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19740915-1.2.64.2|title=Sultan's top award tor Razak|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=15 September 1974|pages=15}}</ref>
** [[File:MY-PERA_Order_of_the_Perak_State_Crown_(before_2001).svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Perak State Crown]] (SPMP) – '''Dato' Seri''' (1964)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19640829-1.2.17|title=Anugerah Sultan Perak kpd Tun Razak juga MB|work=[[Berita Harian]]|date=29 August 1964|pages=2}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 1. Knight Grand Commander (DP).svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak]] (DP) – '''Datuk Patinggi'''

===Foreign honours===
* {{flag|Belgium}}
** [[File:BEL Kroonorde Grootkruis BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown of Belgium]] (1967)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19670428-1.2.64|title=Belgium honours Tun and 3 Ministers|date=28 April 1967|work=The Straits Times|pages=7}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Brunei}}
** [[File:First_Class_of_the_Order_of_Seri_Paduka_Mahkota_Brunei_(SPMB).svg|50x50px]] First Class of the [[Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei]] (SPMB) – '''Dato Seri Paduka''' (1959)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590426-1.2.33| title=BRUNEI SULTAN DECORATES KING, RAZAK & RAHMAN | work=[[The Straits Times]] | date=26 April 1959 | pages=7}}</ref>
** [[File:Second_Class_of_the_Order_of_Seri_Paduka_Mahkota_Brunei_(DPMB).svg|50x50px]] Second Class of the [[Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei]] (DPMB) – '''Dato Paduka''' (1958)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitsbudget19581001-1.2.40|title=Brunei ruler honours 7 Malayans|work=[[Straits Budget]]|date=1 October 1958|pages=9}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Cambodia}}
** [[File:KHM Royal Order of Sahametrei - Grand Officer.png|50px]] Grand Officer of the [[Royal Order of Sahametrei]] (1962)<ref>{{Cite web|date=1962-12-26|title=Prince Sihanouk confers Orders on 17 Malayans|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitsbudget19621226-1.2.105|website=NewspaperSG|access-date=2024-11-27}}</ref>
* {{flag|Philippines}}
** [[File:PHI Order of Lakandula Grand Collar BAR.svg|50x50px]] Grand Collar of the [[Order of Lakandula]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roster of Presidential Awardees under Executive Order 236 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/roster-of-conferred-eo-236-awardees/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Official Gazette}}</ref>
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}
** [[File:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|50px]] Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG) -- '''Sir''' (1972)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19720224-1.2.63 | title=Tun Razak di-kurnia GCMG oleh Queen | work=[[Berita Harian]] | date=24 February 1972 | pages=10}}</ref>
** [[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|50px]] Associate Knight of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem]] (1967)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=44404 |date=8 September 1967 |page=9801}}</ref>

=== Namesakes ===
[[File:Tun Abdul Razak Memorial.JPG|thumb|Tun Abdul Razak Memorial in [[Kuala Lumpur]].]]
Several things were named after him, including:
* [[Tun Razak Highway]] ([[Malaysia Federal Route 12|Federal Route 12]] connecting [[Segamat]], [[Johor]] to [[Gambang, Pahang|Gambang]], [[Pahang]])
* [[Jalan Tun Razak]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]] (part of [[Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1]])
* Jalan Tun Abdul Razak in [[Johor Bahru]] (part of [[Skudai Highway]])
* Jalan Tun Abdul Razak in [[Ipoh]] (also known as Maxwell Road)
* Jalan Tun Abdul Razak in [[Malacca Town|Melaka City]] (street name for [[Melaka Bypass]])
* Jalan Tun Razak in [[Kota Kinabalu]]
* Jalan Tun Abdul Razak in [[Gowa]], [[Sulawesi Selatan]], [[Indonesia]] (known as Jalan Hertasning Baru and Jalan Aroepala)
* Jalan Tun Razak in [[Putrajaya]]
* Taman Tun Abdul Razak also known as Taman TAR (a residential area in Ampang Jaya, Selangor)
* Desa Tun Razak, a small township in the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur 
* [[Bandar Tun Razak]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]]
** [[Bandar Tun Razak LRT station]]
** [[Bandar Tun Razak (federal constituency)|Parliamentary constituency of Bandar Tun Razak]]
* [[Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka]] in [[Pahang]]
* [[Bandar Tun Abdul Razak]], [[Rompin]], [[Pahang]]
* [[Komtar Tower]] in George Town, Penang
* [[Komtar JBCC]] in [[Johor Bahru]], Johor
* [[Komtar Skywalk]] in George Town, Penang
* SK Tun Abdul Razak, a primary school in [[Kuala Kubu Bharu]], [[Selangor]]
* Kampung Tun Abdul Razak, a township in Kuala Kubu Bharu
* Surau Desa Tun Abdul Razak, a prayer hall in Desa Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 
* Surau Rumah Keluarga Angkatan Tentera Tun Abdul Razak, a prayer hall for Malaysians veteran army in Desa Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 
* Institut Penyiaran dan Penerangan Tun Abdul Razak, a government broadcasting office in Taman Bukit Angkasa, Kuala Lumpur
* Dewan Terbuka Tun Abdul Razak, a community hall centre in Labu, Negeri Sembilan
* Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, a major road in Kangar, Perlis
* Masjid Tun Abdul Razak Repoh, a mosque in Kangar, Perlis
* Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, a major road in Johor Bahru, Johor 
* Jalan Tun Razak, a major road in Alor Setar, Kedah
* Kampung Tun Abdul Razak and Kampung Tun Rahah, a township in honour of Tun Razak and her spouse, Tun Rahah in Bukit Katil, Melaka
* Auditorium Tun Abdul Razak in Balok, Pahang
*
* Rumah Kelahiran Tun Abdul Razak, a museum of his hometown house in [[Pekan, Pahang]]
* Chanselori Tun Abdul Razak, [[Universiti Malaysia Pahang]]
* Rumah Penyayang Tun Abdul Razak, a nursing home in Pekan, Pahang
* Sekolah Berasrama Penuh Integrasi, a fully integrated boarding school in Pekan, Pahang
* Jalan Tun Razak, a road in Kuala Kangsar, Perak
* Auditorium Tun Razak, Jalan Kolej Melayu, Kuala Kangsar 
*
* SMK Tun Abdul Razak, a secondary school in [[Selekoh]], [[Perak]]
* [[Tun Abdul Razak National Secondary School]], a secondary school in [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]]
* [[Tun Abdul Razak Stadium]] in Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka, Pahang
* Tun Razak Hockey Stadium in Kuala Lumpur
* SK Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak, a primary school in Jerantut, Pahang
* SMK Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak, a secondary school in Jerantut, Pahang
* Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak, a scientific research base in Jerantut, Pahang
* [[Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre]] (formerly known as British Rubber Producers' Research Association) in Brickendonbury, England
* KD ''Tun Abdul Razak'', a {{sclass2|Scorpène|submarine|1}} of the [[Royal Malaysian Navy]]
* Tun Abdul Razak Chancellor Hall (DECTAR) at the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in Bangi, Selangor
* Tun Abdul Razak Library (PTAR) at MARA University of Technology (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor
* Tun Razak Library, a public library in Ipoh, Perak
* MRSM Tun Abdul Razak, MARA Junior Science College in [[Pekan District|Pekan]], [[Pahang]].
* Bandar Tun Razak, a township in Jengka, Pahang
* Stadium Tun Abdul Razak, a stadium in Jengka Pahang
* [[Sekolah Berasrama Penuh Integrasi Tun Abdul Razak]] (SBPITAR), an integrated boarding school in Pekan, Pahang
* [[Sekolah Dato' Abdul Razak]] (SDAR), all-boys boarding school in [[Seremban]], [[Negeri Sembilan]].
* [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] (UNIRAZAK), a private university in [[Kuala Lumpur]].
* Tun Abdul Razak Residential College, one of residential college in [[Universiti Malaysia Perlis]]
* Dewan Tun Abdul Razak, Menara Kembar Bank Rakyat in Kuala Lumpur
* Dewan Tun Abdul Razak, a museum exhibition gallery in Kuching, Sarawak Museum
* Dewan Tun Abdul Razak 1 & 2, [[Putra World Trade Centre]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
* Dewan Kenangan Tun Abdul Razak in Baling, Kedah
* Institut Teknologi Tun Abdul Razak in Petaling Jaya, Selangor
* Institut Teknologi Tun Abdul Razak in Perai, Penang
* Tun Abdul Razak Hockey Cup
* Tun Abdul Razak Heritage Park, a public recreational park in Kuala Lumpur
* [[Tun Abdul Razak Memorial]], a memorial in Kuala Lumpur
* Kem Tun Razak, a military camp in Bayan Lepas, Penang
* Tun Razak Chair at Ohio University's Department of Southeast Asian Studies{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}
* [[Tun Razak Exchange]]
** [[Tun Razak Exchange MRT station]] in Kuala Lumpur
* [[Tun Razak Tower]] in Kuala Lumpur
* Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, formerly known as SIDMA College, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
* Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak, a public library of [[Universiti Teknologi MARA|UiTM]] Kota Kinabalu Branch
* Kolej Tun Abdul Razak, a residential college at [[Universiti Malaysia Perlis]], Arau, Perlis
*Kolej Tun Abdul Razak and Kolej Toh Puan Abdul Razak, residential colleges at [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]], Bukit Besi, Terengganu
**
* Kolej Tun Abdul Razak, a residential college at [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]], Machang, Kelantan
**
*
* Kolej Tun Razak, a residential college at [[Universiti Teknologi Malaysia]], Skudai, Johor

==In popular culture==
'''Motion picture & television'''
* Malaysian actor Naa Murad N played in 2007 film ''[[1957: Hati Malaya]]''
* [[Malaysia Film Festival|FFM Award Winning]] actor [[Rusdi Ramli]] portrayed Razak in 2013 film ''[[Tanda Putera]]'' and won his second FFM for Best Leading Actor. 
* Malaysian actor Abdul Manan Sulaiman in 2015 film, ''Kapsul'' 
'''Stage/Theatre'''
* FFM nominee Rashidi Ishak portrayed Razak in 2009 local theatre production ''Tun Razak'' in ''[[Istana Budaya]]''.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090123074853/http://thestar.com.my/election/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F3%2F2%2Felection2008%2F20495658&sec=Election2008 Tun Razak’s legacy – his vision], The Star, 2 March 2008.
* [http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/6/business/2694790&sec=business The band of brothers] C. S. TAN, The Star, 2 March 2008.

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia]]|years=1957–1970}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ismail Abdul Rahman]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Tunku Abdul Rahman|Abdul Rahman]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Malaysia]]|years=1970–1976}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hussein Onn]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Prime Ministers of Malaysia}}
{{Deputy Prime Ministers of Malaysia}}
{{First Rahman cabinet}}
{{Second Rahman cabinet}}
{{Third Rahman cabinet}}
{{Fourth Rahman cabinet}}
{{First Razak cabinet}}
{{Second Razak cabinet}}
{{Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm}}{{Order of Lakandula recipients}}{{Authority control}}

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