View source for Accademia dei Lincei

{{short description|Academy of sciences in Rome, Italy}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{CS1 config|mode=cs1}}
The '''{{lang|it|Accademia dei Lincei|i=no}}''',{{efn|name= a}} anglicised as the '''Lincean Academy''', was an [[List of learned societies in Italy|Italian ''accademia'']] active from 1603 to 1651. It was established in Rome in 1603 by [[Federico Cesi]], and was named after the [[lynx]], an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the acuity that science requires. [[Galileo Galilei]] was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted "Galileo Galilei Linceo" as his signature.{{cn|date=September 2025}} Cesi died in 1630,<ref>Peter M.J Hess, Paul L. Allen. ''Catholicism and Science''. {{ISBN|9780313021954}}. Page 39.</ref> and the academy was dissolved in or before 1651.<ref>Agustín Udías. ''Searching the Heavens and the Earth: The History of Jesuit Observatories''. Springer, 2003. {{ISBN|9781402011894}}. Page 5.</ref>

During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the [[Papal States]] and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]], established in 1936, claims this heritage as the ''Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei (''"Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes"'')'', founded in 1847, descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. Similarly, a lynx-eyed academy of the 1870s became the national academy of Italy, encompassing both literature and science among its concerns.<ref>[[Thomas G. Bergin]] (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Renaissance Italy'' (Oxford and New York: New Market Books, 1987).</ref>

==First ''Accademia'' ==
[[File:Portrait of Federico Angelo Cesi (1585-1630) by Pietro Fachetti.jpg|thumb|Federico Cesi]]
The first {{Lang|it|Accademia dei Lincei|italic=no}} was founded in 1603 by [[Federico Cesi]], an aristocrat from Umbria (the son of Duke of Acquasparta and a member of an important family from [[Rome]]) who was passionately interested in natural history – particularly [[botany]]. Cesi's father disapproved of the research career that Federico was pursuing. His mother, [[Olimpia Orsini]], supported him both financially and morally. The Academy struggled due to this disapproval, but after the death of Frederico's father, he had enough money to allow the academy to flourish.<ref>{{cite web|title=Federico Cesi (1585–1630) and the Accademia dei Lincei|url=http://galileo.rice.edu/gal/lincei.html|website=The Galileo Project|access-date=10 December 2015|ref=5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714131216/http://galileo.rice.edu/gal/lincei.html|archive-date=14 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The academy, hosted in [[Palazzo Cesi-Armellini]] near Saint Peter, replaced the first scientific community ever, [[Giambattista della Porta]]'s ''[[Academia Secretorum Naturae]]'' in Naples that had been closed by the [[Inquisition]]. Cesi founded the {{Lang|it|Accademia dei Lincei|italic=no}} with three friends: the Dutch physician [[Johannes van Heeck]] (Italianized to Giovanni Ecchio) and two fellow Umbrians, mathematician [[Francesco Stelluti]] and [[polymath]] [[Anastasio de Filiis]]. At the time of the Accademia's founding Cesi was only 18, and the others were only 8 years older. Cesi and his friends aimed to understand all of the [[natural sciences]]. The literary and antiquarian emphasis set the "Lincei" apart from the host of sixteenth and seventeenth-century Italian Academies. Cesi envisioned a program of free [[experiment]] that was respectful of tradition, yet unfettered by blind obedience to [[authority]], even that of [[Aristotle]] and [[Ptolemy]], whose theories the new science called into question. While originally a private association, the Academy became a semi-public establishment during the Napoleonic domination of Rome. This shift allowed the local scientific elite to carve out a place for themselves in larger scientific networks. However, as a semi-public establishment, the Academy's focus was directed by Napoleonic politics. This focus directed the member's efforts towards stimulating industry, turning public opinion in favour of the French regime and secularizing the country.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Donato|first1=Maria Pia|title=Science on the Fringe of the Empire: The Academy of Linceans in the early 19th century|journal=Nuncius: Annali di Storia della Scienza|volume=27|issue=1|pages=137–138}}</ref>

The name "Lincei" 'the [[lynx]]-like (i. e., lynx-eyed, sharp-eyed) ones' came from [[Giambattista della Porta]]'s book ''[[Natural Magic|Magia Naturalis]]'', which had an illustration of the fabled cat on the cover and the words "[...] with lynx-like eyes, examining those things which manifest themselves, so that having observed them, he may zealously use them".<ref name="homepages.tscnet.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041011181438/http://homepages.tscnet.com/omard1/jportat3a.html ''Della Porta's Life – From Giambattista Della Porta Dramatist'' by Louise George Clubb – Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey, 1965]</ref> {{Lang|it|Accademia dei Lincei|italic=no}}'s symbols were both a lynx and an [[eagle]]; animals with, or reputed to have, keen sight (in classical and medieval [[bestiary|bestiaries]] the lynx was reputed to be able to see through rock and "new walls").<ref>Walton 2001, p. 370</ref>  The academy's motto, chosen by Cesi, was: "Take care of small things if you want to obtain the greatest results" (''minima cura si maxima vis''). According to [[T. O'Conor Sloane]], their other motto was ''Sagacius ista''.<ref>Sloane 1895, p. 11</ref> When Cesi visited [[Naples]], he met with many scientists in fields of interest to him including the botanist, Fabio Colonna, the natural history writer, Ferrante Imperato, and the [[polymath]] della Porta. Della Porta was impressed with Cesi, and dedicated three works to the Linceans including a treatise on distillation called ''De Distillatione'', a book on curvilinear geometry called ''Elementa Curvilinea'', and ''The Transformations of the Atmosphere''.<ref name="Freeburg2002">David Freedberg, The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2002.</ref> Della Porta encouraged Cesi to continue with his endeavours.<ref name="homepages.tscnet.com"/> Giambattista della Porta joined Cesi's academy in 1610. While in Naples, Cesi also met with Nardo Antonio Recchi to negotiate the acquisition of a collection of material describing Aztec plants and animals written by [[Francisco Hernández de Toledo]]. This collection of material would eventually become the ''Tesoro Messicano'' (''Mexican Treasury'').<ref name="Freeburg2002"/> 

The goal was nothing less than the assembly of modern science reflected on the method of observation: the church of knowledge. The Academy was to possess in each quarter of the global [[Intentional community|communes]] with adequate endowments to retain membership. These communes were complete with [[libraries]], [[laboratories]], [[museums]], [[printing presses]], and [[botanical gardens]]. Members frequently wrote letters about their observations. The Lyncæis denounced [[marriage]] as a "''mollis'' ''et'' ''effeminata requies"'' (i.e. a soft and feminine rest) which would pose an "obstacle to a life of research".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mahaffy |first=J. P. |date=1912 |title=On the Origins of Learned Academies in Modern Europe. An Address Delivered to the Academy, November 30, 1912 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25502819 |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature |volume=30 |pages=429–444 |jstor=25502819 |issn=0035-8991}}</ref> Membership was banned to [[monks]]. Members were ordered to "penetrate into the interior of things in order to know the causes and operations of nature, as it is said the lynx does, which sees not only what is outside, but what is hidden within."<ref>Sloane 1895, p. 11</ref>

[[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]] was inducted to the exclusive Academy on April 25, 1611, and became its intellectual centre. Galileo clearly felt honoured by his association with the Academy for he adopted ''Galileo Galilei Linceo'' as his signature. The Academy published his works and supported him during his disputes with the [[Roman Inquisition]]. Among the Academy's early publications in the fields of astronomy, physics and botany were Galileo's "[[Letters on Sunspots]]" and "[[The Assayer]]", and the ''Tesoro Messicano'' describing the flora, fauna and drugs of the New World, which took decades of labour, down to 1651. With this publication, the first, most famous phase of the Lincei was concluded. The new usage of microscopy, with "references to magnification tools can be found in the works of Galileo and several Lincei, Harvey, Gassendi, Marco Aurelio Severino—who was probably also in contact with the Lincie—and Nathanial Highmore." Domenico Bertoloni Meli, in Mechanism, Experiment, Disease: Marcello Malpighi and Seventeenth-Century Anatomy (Johns Hopkins University Press: 2011; p.&nbsp;41). Microscopes were not just by the Lincei for astronomical and mathematical work, but were also used for new experimentations in anatomy, as this was the time of the rise of mechanistic anatomy, and the theories of atomism. Experimentation proliferated across the board. Cesi's own intense activity was cut short by his sudden death in 1630 at forty-five.

The Linceans produced an important collection of micrographs or drawings made with the help of the newly invented [[microscope]]. After Cesi's death, the {{Lang|it|Accademia dei Lincei|italic=no}} closed and the drawings were collected by [[Cassiano dal Pozzo]], a Roman antiquarian, whose heirs sold them. The majority of the collection was procured by [[George III of the United Kingdom]], in 1763. The drawings were discovered in [[Windsor Castle]] in 1986, by art historian David Freedberg.  They are being published as part of ''The Paper Museum of Cassiano dal Pozzo''.<ref>[http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/pozzo/default.htm Paper Museum, Warburg Institute] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327163342/http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/pozzo/default.htm |date=March 27, 2008 }}</ref>

===Members===
* [[Federico Cesi]] – founder
* [[Giovanni Demisiani]] – Greek theologian, chemist, mathematician, coined name "''telescope''"
* [[Anastasio de Filiis]] – polymath
* [[Johannes van Heeck]] – Dutch physician
* [[Giambattista della Porta]] – Italian scholar, polymath and playwright
* [[Adam Elsheimer]] – German artist
* [[Giovanni Faber|Johann Faber]] – German physician and botanist, coined name "''microscope''"
* [[Galileo Galilei]] – Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher
* [[Johann Schreck]] – German Jesuit, Missionary to China and polymath
* [[Francesco Stelluti]] – mathematician
* [[Nicola Antonio Stigliola]] – Italian philosopher, printer, architect, and medical doctor
* [[Luca Valerio]] – Italian mathematician
* [[Giovanni Ciampoli]] – poet, intellectual, Secretary of Briefs to Pope Gregory XV and chamberlain to Urban VIII
* [[Virginio Cesarini]] – poet, intellectual, and chamberlain to Popes Gregory XV and Urban VIII

==  ''Accademia'' re-foundation ==

In 1801, Abbot [[Feliciano Scarpellini]] and [[Gioacchino Pessuti]], with the patronage of [[Francesco Caetani, 8th Duke of Sermoneta|Francesco Caetani]], founded the ''Accademia Caetani'' which took the name of {{Lang|it|Accademia dei Lincei}}.<ref>[http://www.lincei-celebrazioni.it/iscarpellini.html Accademia dei Lincei: Protagonisti: Feliciano Scarpellini]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title = Science on the Fringe of the Empire: The Academy of the Linceans in the Early Nineteenth Century|url = http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/182539112x637183|journal = Nuncius|date = 2012-01-01|issn = 1825-3911|pages = 110–140|volume = 27|issue = 1|doi = 10.1163/182539112X637183|first = Maria Pia|last = Donato|pmid = 23035397|url-access = subscription}}</ref> The period from 1801 to 1840 has been termed the "Second Renaissance" of the Accademia. Conflicting goals and general shifts in the "geo-political scale" left the Academy in a state of limbo, which ultimately led to its collapse in the 1840s.<ref name=":0" /> During the French domination of the Accademia, the institution saw a transition from a private association to a municipal institution.<ref name=":0"/> Despite efforts from the early 1800s onward, the Accademia underwent a true revival in 1847, when [[Pope Pius IX]] re-founded it as the '''Pontificia Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei''', anglicised as the '''Pontifical Academy of New Lincei'''.

==''Reale Accademia dei Lincei''==

In 1874, [[Quintino Sella]] turned it into the '''Accademia Nazionale Reale dei Lincei''', anglicised as the '''Royal National Lincean Academy'''. This incarnation broadened its scope to include moral and humanistic sciences, and regained the high prestige associated with the original Lincean Academy. After the unification of Italy, the Piedmontese [[Quintino Sella]] infused new life into the ''Nuovi Lincei'', reaffirming its ideals of secular science, but broadening its scope to include humanistic studies: history, philology, archaeology, philosophy, economics and law, in two classes of ''Soci'' (Fellows).

===Members===

* [[Mario Ageno]]
* [[Giusto Bellavitis]]
* [[Ersilia Caetani Lovatelli]] – archaeologist – first female member
* [[Domenico Comparetti]]
* [[Benedetto Croce]]
* [[Albert Einstein]]
* [[Enrico Fermi]]
* [[Edward Augustus Freeman]]<ref>Sloane 1895, p. 11</ref> 
* [[Giovanni Gentile]]
* [[William Ewart Gladstone]]<ref>Sloane 1895, p. 11</ref>
* [[Otto Hahn]]
* [[Werner Heisenberg]]
* [[Filippo Mariotti]]
* [[Theodor Mommsen]]
* [[Antonio Pacinotti]]
* [[Louis Pasteur]]
* [[Max Planck]]
* [[Olinto De Pretto]]
* [[George Rawlinson]]<ref>Sloane 1895, p. 11</ref>
* [[Augusto Righi]]
* [[Wilhelm Röntgen]]
* [[Manlio Simonetti]]
* [[Herbert Spencer]]<ref>Sloane 1895, p. 11</ref>
* [[Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff]]
* [[Celal Şengör]] - Geologist - First and only Middle Eastern member

==''Accademia d'Italia''==

:''see main article [[Royal Academy of Italy]]''

During the [[Italian fascist]] period, the Lincean Academy was effectively replaced by the new Accademia d'Italia, the [[Italian Academy]], but was not fully absorbed by that institution until 1939.<ref>Fascist Italy, John Whittam, page 84</ref> In 1949, after the fall of the fascist regime, at the suggestion of [[Benedetto Croce]], the Lincean Academy recovered its independence. A brief history of this period of the Accademia, as well as the complete inventory of publications and documents produced in the same period, can be found in the book by {{Harvtxt|Cagiano De Azevedo|Gerardi|2005}}.

==''Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''==

In 1986, the Academy was placed under a statute that says it shall be composed of 540 members, of whom 180 are ordinary Italian members, 180 are foreigners, and 180 are Italian corresponding members. The members are divided into two classes: one for [[mathematics|mathematical]], [[physics|physical]], and [[natural sciences]]; the other for [[moral philosophy|moral]], [[history|historical]], and [[philology|philological]] sciences.

In 2001, the natural sciences were re-divided into five categories: mathematics, [[mechanics]] and applications; [[astronomy]], [[geodesy]], [[geophysics]] and applications; physics, [[chemistry]] and applications; [[geology]], [[paleontology]], [[mineralogy]] and applications; and [[biology|biological sciences]] and applications. At the same time, the moral sciences were divided into seven categories: philology and [[linguistics]]; [[archaeology]]; [[critic]]ism of [[art]] and of [[poetry]]; history, [[historical geography]], and [[anthropology]]; [[philosophy|philosophical science]]; [[law|juridical science]]; [[social science|social]] and [[political science]].
<!--
==Entry from Catholic Encyclopedia 1913 (needs merging or discarding)==
The Roman prince, [[Federigo Cesi]] (1585-1630), a distinguished scholar and patron of letters, assembled in his palace (in which he had a magnificent library, a botanical garden, and a museum of antiquities) a number of scholarly persons, and with them founded (17 August 1603) the "Accademia dei Lincei", so called because they took for their emblem the lynx, as denoting the keenness of their study of nature. According to the usage of the time, the Academy, though dedicated to physical, mathematical, and philosophical studies, made way also for literary pursuits. This intellectual circle was worthy of high praise, for it promoted the physico-mathematical studies, then little cultivated, and offset the prevalent tendency to purely literary studies. In the end it devoted itself particularly to the study of the exact sciences, of which it became the chief academic centre in Italy. It was not until 1657 that its [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] rival arose in the ducal "Accademia del [[Cimento]]". The [[Cesi]] library, to which was added that of [[Virginio Cesarini]], became a powerful aid to scientific labours. Several of the academicians, during the lifetime and under the patronage of Cesi, prepared for publication the great unedited work of [[Francesco Hernandez]] on the natural history of [[Mexico]] (Rome, 1651). An abridgment of it in ten books by [[Nardo Antonio Recchi]] was never published. They contributed also to the issue of the posthumous botanical work of the prince "[[Tavole Filosofiche]]". Other colleagues of Cesi, in the foundation of the Academy, were [[Fabio Colonna]], the author of "[[Fitobasano]]" (a history of rare plants), and of other scientific works, and [[Francesco Stelluti]], procurator-general of the Academy in 1612, author of the treatise on "[[Legno Fossile Minerale]]" (Rome, 1635) and also of some literary works. The Academy gained great renown through its famous Italian members, such as [[Galileo Galilei]], and through such foreign members as [[Johann Faber]] of [[Bamberg]], [[Marcus Velser]] of [[Augsburg]], and many others. After the death of [[Prince Cesi]], the Academy met in the house of its new and distinguished president, [[Cassiano dal Pozzo]]. But notwithstanding all his efforts the association began to decline, insomuch that after the above-mentioned publication of the works of [[Hernandez]] in 1651, the "Accademia dei Lincei" fell into oblivion. Its fame, however, had not perished, and when at the beginning of his pontificate [[Pius IX]] sought to provide an academic centre for physico-mathematical studies, he resuscitated Cesi's society, and on 3 July 1847, founded the "[[Pontificia Accademia]] dei Nuovi Lincei", inaugurating it personally in the following November, and endowing it with an annual income from the pontifical treasury. Its members were divided into four classes: honorary, ordinary, corresponding, and associate; the last were young men who, on the completion of their studies, showed special aptitude for physico-mathematical sciences. The Academy was directed by a president, a secretary, an assistant secretary, a librarian-archivist, and an astronomer. Its headquarters were in the [[Campidoglio]]. Its "[[Proceedings]]" from 1847 to 1870 fill twenty-three volumes. In 1870 some of the members withdrew from the Academy, which insisted on retaining its papal character. Desirous at the same time of a traditional connection with the past, they reassumed the original name, and thus arose the "[[Regia Accademia]] dei Lincei". It was approved and subsidized by the Italian government in 1875, and began its career with an enlarged programme of studies, divided into two classes, the first of which includes physical, mathematical, and natural sciences, and the second, those of a moral, historical, and philological character. It publishes annually its "Proceedings", and is located in the [[Corsini Palace]], whose library, at the disposal of the Academy, is very rich in manuscripts, printed works, and periodicals. It numbers today about one hundred members, besides correspondents and many foreigners. Its members have published important works on the exact sciences, also in the province of philology. Among the latter are the [[Oriental]] texts and dissertations of [[Professor Ignazio Guidi]], many of which are of great value for the ecclesiastical sciences. Since 1870 the "Pontificia Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei" has continued its labours and the publication of its annual "Proceedings" bearing upon the physico-mathematical sciences. It has quarters in the palace of the [[Cancelleria Apostolica]], and has a cardinal-patron. On the original "Accademia dei Lincei" see the work of its historian, [[Giano Planco]] ([[Giovanni Bianchi]] di [[Rimini]]), published in the second edition of the above-described work of [[Fabio Colonna]] ([[II Fitobasano]], Florence, 1744). The "[[Statuto]]" or constitution of the "Lincei" was published in Latin at Rome in 1624. For other information on the two academies, pontifical and royal, see their "Proceedings".
-->

== Prizes ==
The Accademia regularly awards prestigious prizes to talented researchers and scholars. Notable prizes include:
* [[Premio Presidente della Repubblica (prize)|Premio Presidente della Repubblica]]
* [[Feltrinelli Prize]]
* [[Alfredo di Braccio Award]] for young Italian researchers in Physics and Chemistry
* Premio del Ministro per i Beni e le Attività Culturali
* Premio Linceo
* Premio Internazionale Cataldo Agostinelli e Angela Gili Agostinelli

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist | refs=
{{efn|name = a|{{IPA|it|akkaˈdɛːmja  dei linˈtʃɛi}}; literally the "Academy of the Lynx-Eyed"}}
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* This article draws material from the [[:it:Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei|corresponding article]] in the Italian Wikipedia, retrieved 09:12, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)
*{{cite book
 |editor-last=Cagiano De Azevedo 
 |editor-first=Paola 
 |editor2-last=Gerardi 
 |editor2-first=Elvira 
 |title=Reale Accademia d'Italia. Inventario dell'archivio (Inventory of the Archive) 
 |place=Roma 
 |publisher=Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali – Dipartimento per i Beni Archivistici e Librari – Direzione Generale per gli Archivi
 |year=2005 
 |series=Pubblicazioni degli Archivi di Stato – Strumenti 
 |volume=CLXVII 
 |pages=lxxxiv+492 
 |url=http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it/DGA-free/Strumenti/Strumenti_CLXVII.pdf 
 |isbn=88-7125-264-0 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907065146/http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it/DGA-free/Strumenti/Strumenti_CLXVII.pdf 
 |archive-date=2012-09-07 
}} (in [[Italian language|Italian]]), freely available from the [http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it/ Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali – Dipartimento per i Beni Archivistici e Librari – Direzione Generale per gli Archivi] (a branch of the [[Italia]]n [[Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali]]). The complete inventory of the [[Reale Accademia d'Italia]], which incorporated the [[Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei]] between 1939 and 1944.
*{{MacTutor|class=Societies|id=Lincei|title=The Accademia dei Lincei|date=August 2004}}
*{{cite web
  | last = Van Helden
  | first = Albert
  | title = Accademia dei Lincei
  | date = May 24, 2004
  | website=[[OpenStax CNX|Connexions]]
  | publisher=[[Rice University]]
  | url = http://cnx.rice.edu/content/m11955/latest/
  | url-status = dead
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080705032803/http://cnx.rice.edu/content/m11955/latest/
  | archive-date = July 5, 2008
  }}
*Walton, S.A., ''Theophrastus on Lyngurium: medieval and early modern lore from the classical lapidary tradition'', 2001, ''Annals of Science'', 2001 Oct;58(4):357-79, [https://academia.edu/574602/Theophrastus_on_lyngurium_Medieval_and_early_modern_lore_from_the_classical_lapidary_tradition PDF on Academia.edu]
*David Freedberg, ''The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History'', Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2002.
* {{cite book | last=Sloane | first=Thomas O'Conor | author-link=T. O'Conor Sloane | date=1895 | orig-year=1890 | title=Facts worth knowing: Selected mainly from the ''Scientific American'' for household, workshop, and farm | publication-place=Hartford | publisher=S. C. Scranton and Co. | oclc=228795767}}

==External links==
{{NIE Poster|Lincei, Accademia dei|Accademia dei Lincei}}
*[http://www.lincei.it/ Official website, with brief history (in Italian).]
*[https://www.lincei.it/en Official website in English]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051212024837/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1603al.html Notes on the Accademia dei Lincei from the Scholarly Societies Project]
*{{wsPSM|The Scientific Societies of Italy|42|November 1892}}
*[http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/ItalianAcademies/Default.aspx The British Library's database of Italian Academies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530212619/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/ItalianAcademies/Default.aspx |date=30 May 2023 }}
*Historic article about the society, ''[[Scientific American]]'', "[https://books.google.com/books?id=6ok9AQAAIAAJ The Oldest Scientific Society]", 27 November 1880, p. 340


{{Learned societies in Italy}}
{{coord|41|53|36|N|12|28|00|E|region:IT_type:landmark_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Accademia Dei Lincei}}
[[Category:Scientific organisations based in Italy]]
[[Category:Members of the Lincean Academy| 01]]
[[Category:National academies of sciences|Italy]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Rome]]
[[Category:17th century in Rome]]
[[Category:Learned societies of Italy]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1603]]
[[Category:1603 establishments in the Papal States]]
[[Category:1603 establishments in Italy]]