View source for Acts of Union 1707

{{Short description|Acts of Parliament creating the Kingdom of Great Britain}}
{{distinguish|Union of the Crowns}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Union of England and Scotland|Union of England and Scotland Act 1603|Treaty of Union}}
{{Other|Act of Union (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox UK legislation 
| short_title           = Union with Scotland Act 1706{{efn|name=st_england|The citation of this act by this [[short title]] was authorised by section 1 of, and the first schedule to, the [[Short Titles Act 1896]]. Due to the repeal of those provisions, it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the [[Interpretation Act 1978]].}}
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of England
| long_title            = An Act for a Union of the Two Kingdoms of England and Scotland.
| year                  = 1706
| citation              = {{ubli|[[6 Ann.]] c. 11{{efn|name=StatutesOfTheRealm|This is the citation in ''[[The Statutes of the Realm]]''.}}|[[5 Ann.]] c. 8{{efn|name=StatutesAtLarge|This is the citation in ''[[The Statutes at Large]]''.}}}}
| territorial_extent    = [[Kingdom of England]]
| royal_assent          = 6 March 1707{{efn|The date would have been recorded at the time as 6 March 1706 (rather than 1707), because England (unlike Scotland) began each legal year on 25 March until the [[Calendar (New Style) Act 1750]] changed it to 1 January. Separately, the act itself is dated 1706 because, before the [[Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793]], the date on which a Bill became law was the first day of the parliamentary session in which it was passed, unless the act contained a provision to the contrary.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Statutes at Large : {{lang|la|Anno tricesimo tertio}} George III {{lang|la|Regis}} |year=1794 |editor-last=Pickering |editor-first=Danby |volume=XXXIX |location=Cambridge |pages=32, 33 |chapter=CAP. XIII An act to prevent acts of parliament from taking effect from a time prior to the passing thereof |access-date=29 January 2021 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XwbC08mcZ-4C&pg=PA32  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320201653/https://books.google.com/books?id=XwbC08mcZ-4C&pg=PA32 |url-status=live |archive-date=20 March 2023}} ([[33 Geo. 3]]. c. 13: "[[Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793]]")</ref>}}
| commencement          = 1 May 1707{{efn|Article I.}}
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = {{ubli|[[Statute Law Revision Act 1867]]|[[Promissory Oaths Act 1871]]|[[Weights and Measures Act 1878]]|[[Statute Law Revision Act 1948]]|[[Peerage Act 1963]]|[[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973]]|[[Scotland Act 1998]]}}
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = [[Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1707]] 
| status                = Amended
| original_text         = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000033905846&&seq=624
| revised_text          = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Ann/6/11
| use_new_UK-LEG        = yes
| UK-LEG_title          = Union with Scotland Act 1706
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Union with England Act 1707{{efn|name=st_scotland|The citation of this act by this short title was authorised by section 2 of, and the second schedule to, the [[Statute Law Revision (Scotland) Act 1964]]. Due to the repeal of those provisions it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978.}}
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of Scotland
| long_title            = Act Ratifying and Approving the Treaty of Union of the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England.
| year                  = 1707
| citation              = 1707 c. 7
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = [[Kingdom of Scotland]]
| royal_assent          = 16 January 1707
| commencement          = 1 May 1707
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = {{ubli|[[Statute Law Revision (Scotland) Act 1906]]|[[Statute Law Revision (Scotland) Act 1964]]|[[Criminal Justice Act 1948]]|[[Peerage Act 1963]]|[[Scotland Act 1998]]}}
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = Current
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = Union with England Act 1707
| collapsed             = 
}}
{{United Kingdom constitutional formation}}

The '''Acts of Union'''{{efn|{{langx|gd|Achd an Aonaidh}}}} refer to two [[Acts of Parliament (United Kingdom)|acts of Parliament]], one by the [[Parliament of Scotland]] in March 1707, followed shortly thereafter by an equivalent act of the [[Parliament of England]].<!-- 1706 for England is true but the detail that England used years running from 25 March is needless detail for the lead. --> They put into effect the international [[Treaty of Union]] agreed on 22 July 1706, which politically joined the [[Kingdom of England]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland]] into a single "political state" named [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], with [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] as its sovereign. The English and Scottish acts of ratification took effect on 1 May 1707, creating the new kingdom, <!-- not "United", that took another 93 years to arrive --> with [[Parliament of Great Britain|its parliament]] based in the [[Palace of Westminster]]. 

The two countries had shared a monarch since the "[[Personal union|personal]]" [[Union of the Crowns]] in 1603, when [[James VI of Scotland]] inherited the English throne from his cousin [[Elizabeth I]] to become (in addition) 'James I of England', styled [[James VI and I]]. Attempts had been made to try to unite the two separate countries, in 1606, 1667, and in 1689 (following the [[Glorious Revolution]] in 1688, and subsequent [[List of deposed politicians|deposition]] of [[James II of England]] by his daughter [[Mary II of England|Mary]] and her husband [[William III of England|William of Orange]]), but it was not until the early 18th century that both nations via separate groups of English and Scots Royal Commissioners and their respective political establishments, came to support the idea of an international "Treaty of political, monetary and trade Union", albeit for different reasons.

==Political background==
Prior to 1603, [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] had different monarchs, but when [[Elizabeth I]] died without children, she was succeeded as King of England by her distant relative, [[James VI of Scotland]]. After her death, the two Crowns were held in [[personal union]] by James (reigning as [[James VI and I]]), who announced his intention to unite the two realms.{{sfn|Lockyer|1998|pp=51–52}}

The 1603 [[Union of England and Scotland Act 1603|Union of England and Scotland Act]] established a joint Commission to agree terms, but the [[Parliament of England]] was concerned this would lead to an [[absolute monarchy|absolutist]] structure similar to that of Scotland. James was forced to withdraw his proposals, but used the [[royal prerogative in the United Kingdom|royal prerogative]] to take the title "King of Great Britain".{{sfn|Larkin|Hughes|1973|page=19}}<ref>[https://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/britstyles.htm#1604 Royal Proclamation 1604]: Heraldica.ca</ref>  

Attempts to revive the project of union in 1610 were met with hostility.{{sfn|Lockyer|1998|pp=54–59}} English opponents such as Sir [[Edwin Sandys (1561–1629)|Edwin Sandys]] argued that changing the name of England "were as {{notatypo|yf}} {{sic}} to make a conquest of our name, which was more than ever the Dane or Norman could do".<ref name=Russell>Russell, Conrad: ''[https://archives.history.ac.uk/history-in-focus/Elizabeth/Russell.pdf James VI and I and rule over two kingdoms: an English view]'' (King's College, London)</ref> Instead, James set about creating a unified Church of Scotland and England, as the first step towards a centralised, Unionist state.{{sfn|Stephen|2010|pp=55–58}} 

However, despite both being nominally [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]] in structure, the two were very different in doctrine; the [[Church of Scotland]], or kirk, was [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] in doctrine, and viewed many [[Church of England]] practices as little better than Catholicism.{{sfn|McDonald|1998|pp=75–76}} As a result, attempts to impose religious policy by James and his son [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] ultimately led to the 1639–1651 [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]. The 1639–1640 [[Bishops' Wars]] confirmed the primacy of the Scots kirk, and established a [[Covenanter]] government in Scotland. The Scots remained neutral when the [[First English Civil War]] began in 1642, before becoming concerned at the impact on Scotland of an English Royalist victory.{{sfn|Kaplan|1970|pp=50–70}} Presbyterian leaders like [[Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll|Argyll]] viewed union as a way to ensure free trade between England and Scotland, and preserve a Scots Presbyterian kirk.{{sfn|Robertson|2014|p=125}}

Under the 1643 [[Solemn League and Covenant]], the Scots Parliament agreed to provide military support to its English counterpart in return for a united Presbyterian church, but did not explicitly commit to political union. As the war progressed, Scots and English Presbyterians increasingly viewed the [[English Independents]], and associated radical groups like the [[Levellers]], as a bigger threat than the Royalists. Both Royalists and Presbyterians agreed monarchy was divinely ordered, but disagreed on the nature and extent of Royal authority over the church. When Charles I surrendered in 1646, an English pro-Royalist faction known as the [[Engagers]] allied with their former enemies to restore him to the English throne.{{sfn|Harris|2015|pp=53–54}}

[[File:Cromwell at Dunbar Andrew Carrick Gow.jpg|thumb|''[[Cromwell at Dunbar]]'' by ''[[Andrew Carrick Gow]]''. Scotland was incorporated into the Commonwealth after defeat in the 1650–1652 Anglo-Scots War.]]
After defeat in the 1647–1648 [[Second English Civil War]], Scotland was occupied by English troops, which were withdrawn once those whom Cromwell held responsible had been replaced by the [[Kirk Party]]. In December 1648, [[Pride's Purge]] paved the way for the [[Trial of Charles I]] in England by excluding MPs who opposed it. Following the [[execution of Charles I]] in January 1649, and establishment of the [[Commonwealth of England]], the Scots Kirk Party proclaimed [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] King of Scots and England and, in the 1650 [[Treaty of Breda (1650)|Treaty of Breda]], resolved to restore him to the English throne. Instead, defeat in the [[Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652)|Anglo-Scottish War]] resulted in Scotland's incorporation into the Commonwealth in 1653, largely driven by Cromwell's determination to break the power of the Scots kirk.{{sfn|Morrill|1990|p=162}} The 1652 [[Tender of Union]] was followed on 12 April 1654 by ''An Ordinance by the Protector for the Union of England and Scotland,'' creating the Commonwealth of England and Scotland.<ref>
{{cite book |editor-first=Samuel Rawson |editor-last=Gardiner  |title=The constitutional documents of the Puritan revolution, 1625-1660 |chapter=The Union with Scotland |page=[https://archive.org/details/constitutionaldo00garduoft/page/418/mode/2up?view=theater 418] |date=1906 |via=Internet Archive}} (photocopy: machine-readable text of this page available at {{Cite web |url=https://www.constitution.org/eng/conpur098.htm |website=Constitution.org |title=98. An Ordinance by the Protector for the Union of England and Scotland |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222133532/https://www.constitution.org/eng/conpur098.htm |url-status=dead }})</ref> It was ratified by the [[Second Protectorate Parliament]] on 26 June 1657, creating a single Parliament in Westminster, with 30 representatives each from Scotland and Ireland added to the existing English members.<ref>The 1657 Act's long title was ''An Act and Declaration touching several Acts and Ordinances made since 20 April 1653, and before 3 September 1654, and other Acts''</ref>

===1660–1707===

While integration into the Commonwealth established free trade between Scotland and England, the economic benefits were diminished by the costs of military occupation.<ref name="parliament.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/tk_02_cromwell.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012160340/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/tk_02_cromwell.html |archive-date=12 October 2008 |title=Cromwell's Britain |publisher=House of Lords |date=2007 }}</ref> Both Scotland and England associated union with heavy taxes and military rule; it had little popular support in either Country, and the union was dissolved after the [[English Restoration|Restoration]] of Charles II in 1660.

The Scottish economy was badly damaged by the (protectionist) English [[Navigation Acts]] of 1660 and 1663 and [[Anglo-Dutch Wars|England's wars]] with the [[Dutch Republic]], Scotland's major export market. An Anglo-Scots Trade Commission was set up in January 1668 but the English had no interest in making concessions, as the Scots had little to offer in return. In 1669, Charles II revived talks on "political union"; his motives may have been to weaken Scotland's commercial and political links with the Dutch, still seen as an enemy and complete the work of his grandfather James I and VI.{{sfn|MacIntosh|2007|pp=79–87}} On the Scottish side, the proposed union received parliamentary support, boosted by the desire to ensure free trade. Continued opposition meant these negotiations were abandoned by the end of 1669.<ref>Ronald Arthur Lee: '[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/293062616.pdf Government and politics in Scotland, 1661–1681]', 1995</ref>{{sfn|Whatley|2001|p=95}}

Following the [[Glorious Revolution#Invasion|1688 invasion]] of England by a Dutch fleet and army led by Prince [[William III of England|William of Orange]] and  [[Mary II of England|his wife Mary]] (daughter of James II), and their deposition of James II as King of England, a [[Convention of the Estates of Scotland|Scottish Convention of the Estates]] (a sister body to the Parliament of Scotland) met in Edinburgh in April 1689 to agree a new Constitutional settlement for Scotland. The Convention of the Estates issued an address to William and Mary "as both kingdomes are united in one head and soveraigne so they may become one body pollitick, one nation to be represented in one parliament", reserving "our church government, as it shall be established at the tyme of the union".<ref>''The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707''; 1689/3/159], K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2024) </ref> William and Mary were supportive of the idea but it was opposed both by the Presbyterian majority in Scotland and the English Parliament.{{sfn|Lynch|1992|p=305}} Episcopacy in Scotland was abolished in 1690, alienating a significant part of the political class; it was this element that later formed the bedrock of opposition to Union.{{sfn|Harris|2007|pp=404–406}}

The 1690s were a time of economic hardship in Europe as a whole and Scotland in particular, a period now known as the [[Seven ill years]] which led to strained relations with England.{{sfn|Whatley|2006|p=91}} In 1698, the [[Company of Scotland|Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and the Indies]] received a charter to raise capital through public subscription.{{sfn|Mitchison|2002|pp=301–302}} The Company invested in the [[Darién scheme]], an ambitious plan funded almost entirely by Scottish investors to build a colony on the [[Isthmus of Panama]] for trade with East Asia.{{sfn|Richards|2004|p=79}} The scheme was a disaster; the losses of over £150,000{{efn|Equivalent to about £{{inflation|UK-GDP|0.15|1700|r=0}} million in {{Inflation/year|UK-GDP}}.{{Inflation/fn|UK-GDP}}}} severely impacted the Scottish commercial system.{{sfn|Mitchison|2002|p=314}}

==Political motivations==

The International Treaty, and English and Scots acts of ratification of Union may be seen within a wider European context of increasing state centralisation during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, including the monarchies of [[Kingdom of France|France]], [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]], [[Denmark-Norway]] and [[History of Spain (1700-1808)|Spain]]. While there were exceptions, such as the Dutch Republic or the [[Republic of Venice]], the trend was clear.{{sfn|Munck|2005|pp=429–431}}

=== Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution ===
The dangers of the monarch using one parliament against the other first became apparent in 1647 and 1651. It resurfaced during the 1679 to 1681 [[Exclusion Crisis]], caused by English resistance to the Catholic prince [[James II of England|James]] (later James II of England, James VII of Scots) succeeding his brother Charles II. James was sent to Edinburgh in 1681 as [[Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland|Lord High Commissioner]]; in August, the Parliament of Scotland passed the Succession Act, confirming the divine right of kings, the rights of the natural heir "regardless of religion", the duty of all to swear allegiance to that king, and the Independence of the Scots Crown. It then went beyond ensuring James's succession to the Scots throne by explicitly stating the aim was to make his exclusion from the English throne impossible without "the fatall and dreadfull consequences of a civil war".{{sfn|Jackson|2003|pp=38–54}}

The issue reappeared during the 1688 Dutch invasion and {{lang|fr|[[coup d'etat]]}} (subsequently entitled as "the [[Glorious Revolution]]"). The English [[Convention Parliament (1689)|Convention Parliament]] generally supported replacing James with his Protestant daughter [[Mary II|Mary]], holding to their "legal fiction" that James, by fleeing to France, had abandoned his English subjects and "abdicated".  They initially resisted making her Dutch husband [[William III of England|William of Orange]] joint ruler but relented, "fearing the return of James" only when William threatened to take his troops and fleet and return to the Netherlands, and Mary refused to rule without him.{{sfn|Horwitz|1986|pp=10–11}}

=== William's Claim of Right ===
In Scotland, it became a Constitutional issue. The fact that King James had not been present in the Scotland meant that the question of abdication need not arise. On 4 April 1689 a Convention of the [[Three Estates of Scotland]] (sister body to the Parliament of Scotland) declared that James "had acted irregularly" by assuming regal power (government) "without ever taking the Coronation Oath required by Scots Law". Thus, he had "FOREFALTED [forfeited] the Right to the Scots Crown, and the Scots Throne is become vacant". This was a fundamental difference; if the Parliament of Scotland could decide James had "Forfaulted" his Scots throne by actions having, in the words of the "Claim of Right" act 1689 "Invaded the fundamentall Constitution of the Kingdome and altered it from a legall limited monarchy To ane arbitrary despotick power". "Scots monarchs derived legitimacy from the Convention of the Estates", later declared a Parliament of Scotland, not God,{{cn|date=January 2025}} thus ending the principle of divine right of kings.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

Enshrined in the Union with England Act 1707:
{{Blockquote|The haill other acts of parliament relating thereto in prosecution of the Declaration of the Estates of this kingdom containing the "Claim of Right" bearing date the eleventh of aprile one thousand six hundred and eighty nine.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}}}

Conflict over control of the kirk between [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]] and [[Episcopalians]] and William's position as a fellow Calvinist put him in a much stronger position. He originally insisted on retaining Episcopacy, and the [[Committee of the Articles]], an unelected body that controlled what legislation Parliament could debate. Both would have given the Crown far greater control than in England but he withdrew his demands due to the 1689–1692 [[Jacobite rising of 1689|Jacobite Rising]].{{sfn|Lynch|1992|pp=300–303}} 

William's attempts to have the Claim of Right amended were directed through the "Court faction" which began arguing from 1699 onwards that:

# The Convention of the Estates was not a parliament so the act did not really count as binding and 
# the Convention of the Estates was a parliament and so parliament could just rewrite it.

A year and a half after William's death, the Parliament of Scotland "put a period on the end of that sentence" by passing an act which recognised the standing of the Convention of the Estates as a parliament in its own right and made it "high treason" to impugn its authority or to so much as suggest attempting to alter the Claim of Right.

Here is the Claim of Right understood and upheld for its secular constitutional provisions quite as much as for its religious provisions.

{{quote|Our sovereign lady, with advice and consent of the estates of parliament, ratites, approves and perpetually confirms the first act of King William and Queen Mary's parliament, dated 5 June 1689, entitled act declaring the meeting of the estates to be a parliament, and of new enacts and declares that the three estates then met together the said 5 June 1689, consisting of noblemen, barons and burghs, were a lawful and free parliament, and it is declared that it shall be "high treason" for any person to disown, quarrel or impugn the dignity and authority of the said Parliament. And further, the queen's majesty, with consent foresaid, statutes and declares that it shall be 'high treason' in any of the subjects of this kingdom to quarrel, impugn or endeavour by writing, malicious and advised speaking, or other open act or deed, to alter or innovate the Claim of Right or any article thereof.}}

=== English perspective ===
[[File:Closterman,_John_-_Queen_Anne_-_NPG_215.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] in 1702]]

The English succession was provided for by the English [[Act of Settlement 1701]], which ensured that the monarch of England would be a Protestant member of the [[House of Hanover]]. Until the union of parliaments, the Scottish throne might be inherited by a different successor after [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]], who had said in her first speech to the English parliament that a union was "very necessary".<ref name=":0" /> The Scottish [[Act of Security 1704]], however, was passed after the English parliament, without consultation with Scotland, had designated Electoress [[Sophia of Hanover]] (granddaughter of James I and VI) as Anne's successor, if Anne died childless. The Act of Security granted the [[Parliament of Scotland]], the [[Estates of the realm|three Estates]],<ref name=":0" /> the right to choose a successor and explicitly required a choice different from the English monarch unless the English were to grant free trade and navigation. Then the [[Alien Act 1705]] was passed in the English parliament, designating Scots in England as "foreign nationals" and blocking about half of all Scottish trade by boycotting exports to England or its colonies, unless Scotland came back to negotiate a Union.<ref name=":0" /> To encourage a union, "honours, appointments, pensions and even arrears of pay and other expenses were distributed to clinch support from Scottish peers and MPs".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ratification, October 1706 – March 1707|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/ratification-october-1706---march-1707/|access-date=2020-09-27|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922184448/https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/ratification-october-1706---march-1707/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Scottish perspective ===
The Scottish economy was severely impacted by [[privateer]]s during the 1688–1697 [[Nine Years' War]] and the 1701 [[War of the Spanish Succession]], with the [[Royal Navy]] focusing on protecting English ships. This compounded the economic pressure caused by the [[Darien scheme]], and the [[seven ill years]] of the 1690s, when 5–15% of the population died of starvation.{{sfn|Cullen|2010|p=117}} The Scottish Parliament was promised financial assistance, protection for its maritime trade, and an end to economic restrictions on trade with England.{{sfn|Whatley|2001|p=48}}

The votes of the [[Court Party (Scotland)|Court party]], influenced by Queen Anne's favourite, [[James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry]], combined with the majority of the [[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]], were sufficient to ensure passage of the treaty.<ref name=":0" /> Article 15 granted £398,085 and ten shillings sterling to Scotland,{{efn|About £{{inflation|UK-GDP|0.398|1706|r=0}} million in {{Inflation/year|UK-GDP}}.{{Inflation/fn|UK-GDP}}}} a sum known as [[The Equivalent]], to offset future liability towards the English national debt, which at the time was £18 million,{{efn|About £{{inflation|UK-GDP|0.018|1706|r=1}} billion in {{Inflation/year|UK-GDP}}.{{Inflation/fn|UK-GDP}}}} but as Scotland had no national debt,<ref name=":0" /> most of the sum was used to compensate the investors in the Darien scheme, with 58.6% of the fund allocated to its shareholders and creditors.{{sfn|Watt|2007|p=?}}{{page?|date=May 2024}}

[[File:Downsitting of the Scottish Parliament detail.JPG|thumb|left|18th-century French illustration of an opening of the Scottish Parliament]]

The role played by bribery has long been debated. £20,000 was distributed by [[David Boyle, 1st Earl of Glasgow]],{{efn|About £{{inflation|UK-GDP|0.020|1706|r=1}} million in {{Inflation/year|UK-GDP}}.{{Inflation/fn|UK-GDP}}}} of which 60% went to the Duke of Queensberry, the [[Queen's Commissioner in Parliament]]. Another negotiator, [[John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll]] was given an [[Peerage of England|English dukedom]].<ref name=":0" />

[[Robert Burns]] is commonly quoted in support of the argument of corruption: "We're bought and sold for English Gold, Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation." As historian [[Christopher Whatley]] points out, this was actually a 17th-century Scots folk song; but he agrees money was paid, though suggests the economic benefits were supported by most Scots MPs, with the promises made for benefits to peers and MPs,<ref name=":1" /> even if it was reluctantly.{{sfn|Whatley |1989|pp=160–165}} Professor Sir [[Tom Devine]] agreed that promises of "favours, sinecures, pensions, offices and straightforward cash bribes became indispensable to secure government majorities".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Devine|first=Thomas Martin|title=The Scottish nation: a modern history|year= 2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-7181-9673-8|location=London|oclc=1004568536}}</ref>

As for representation going forwards, Scotland was, in the new united parliament, only to get 45 MPs, one more than Cornwall, and only 16 (unelected) peers in the [[House of Lords]].<ref name=":0" />

There were mixed opinions in Scotland about the prospect of a union with England. [[George Lockhart (politician)|Sir George Lockhart of Carnwath]], the only Scottish negotiator to oppose Union, noted "the whole nation appears against (it)". Another negotiator, [[Sir John Clerk, 2nd Baronet|Sir John Clerk of Penicuik]], who was an ardent Unionist, observed it was "contrary to the inclinations of at least three-fourths of the Kingdom".<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/devolution/scotland/briefing/1707.shtml |title=Scottish Referendums |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 March 2016 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021734/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/devolution/scotland/briefing/1707.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> As the seat of the Scottish Parliament, demonstrators in Edinburgh feared the impact of its loss on the local economy. Elsewhere, there was widespread concern about the independence of the kirk, and possible tax rises.{{sfn|Bambery|2014|p=?}}{{page?|date=May 2024}} Virtually all of the print discourses of 1699–1706 spoke against incorporating union, creating the conditions for widespread rejection of the treaty in 1706 and 1707.<ref name="Bowie">{{cite journal |last1=Bowie |first1=Karin |date=2003 |title=Public Opinion, Popular Politics and the Union of 1707 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25529719 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |journal=The Scottish Historical Review |volume=82 |issue=214 |pages=226–260|doi=10.3366/shr.2003.82.2.226 |jstor=25529719 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In the wake of unionist proselytising in the autumn of 1706 and early 1707, many Scots were undecided about the prospect of a union.<ref>Whatley, Christopher (2014). ''The Scots and the Union: Then and Now.'' Edinburgh University Press. p. 6</ref> Rather, there was considerably more support in Scotland for a federal union with England than an incorporative one, similar to the devolved Scottish parliament that would be established within Britain nearly three centuries later.<ref>Whatley, Christopher (2014). ''The Scots and the Union: Then and Now.'' Edinburgh University Press. p. 19</ref>

As the treaty passed through the Parliament of Scotland, opposition was voiced by petitions from shires, burghs, presbyteries and parishes. The [[Convention of Royal Burghs]] claimed:

{{blockquote|we are not against an honourable and safe union with England, [...&nbsp;but] the condition of the people of Scotland, (cannot be) improved without a Scots Parliament.<ref>The Humble Address of the Commissioners to the General Convention of the Royal Burrows of this Ancient Kingdom Convened the Twenty-Ninth of October 1706, at Edinburgh.</ref>}}

According to Scottish historian [[William Ferguson (historian)|William Ferguson]], the Acts of Union were a "political job" by England that was achieved by economic incentives, patronage and bribery to secure the passage of the Union treaty in the Scottish Parliament in order satisfy English political imperatives, with the union being unacceptable to the Scottish people, including both the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] and [[Covenanters]]. The differences between Scottish were "subsumed by the same sort of patriotism or nationalism that first appeared in the [[Declaration of Arbroath]] of 1320."<ref name="Bowie"/> Ferguson highlights the well-timed payments of salary arrears to members of Parliament as proof of bribery and argues that the Scottish people had been betrayed by their Parliament.<ref name="Bowie"/> According to [[Christopher Whatley]], however, calls for a union with England began in Scotland itself in the 1690s for the purpose of safeguarding the law, line of succession, and to improve the economy.<ref>Whatley, Christopher (2014). ''The Scots and the Union: Then and Now.'' Edinburgh University Press. p. 5</ref>

===Ireland===
[[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]], though a kingdom under the same crown, was not included in the union. It remained a separate kingdom, unrepresented in Parliament, and was legally subordinate to Great Britain until the [[Irish Appeals Act 1783|Renunciation Act 1783]].

In July 1707 each House of the [[Parliament of Ireland]] passed a congratulatory address to Queen Anne, praying that "May God put it in your royal heart to add greater strength and lustre to your crown, by a still more comprehensive Union".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA448 The Parliamentary Register; Or, History of the Proceedings and Debates of the Houses of Lords and Commons], p. 448</ref><ref>Journals of the Irish Commons, vol. iii. p. 421</ref> The British government did not respond to the invitation and an equal union between Great Britain and Ireland was out of consideration until the 1790s.  The [[Acts of Union 1800|union with Ireland]] finally came about on 1 January 1801.

==Treaty and passage of the 1707 acts==
[[File:Articles of Union between England and Scotland 28 Jan 1707.png|thumb|right|"Articles of Union otherwise known as Treaty of Union", 1707]]

Deeper political integration had been a key policy of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] from the time she acceded to the throne in 1702. Under the aegis of the Queen and her ministers in both kingdoms, the parliaments of England and Scotland (the '''{{visible anchor|Act for a Treaty with England 1705}}''') agreed to participate in fresh negotiations for a union treaty in 1705.

Both countries appointed 31 commissioners to conduct the negotiations. Most of the Scottish commissioners favoured union, and about half were government ministers and other officials. At the head of the list was the Duke of Queensberry, and the [[Lord Chancellor of Scotland]], the [[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater|Earl of Seafield]].<ref name="commissioners">{{cite web | url = http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_01_commissioners.html | title = The commissioners | publisher = UK Parliament website | year = 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090619224021/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_01_commissioners.html | archive-date = 19 June 2009 | access-date = 5 February 2013}}</ref> The English commissioners included the [[Lord High Treasurer]], [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin]], the [[Lord Keeper of the Great Seal]], [[William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper|William Cowper, Baron Cowper]], and a large number of Whigs who supported union. Tories were not in favour of union and only one was represented among the commissioners.<ref name="commissioners"/>

Negotiations between the English and Scottish commissioners took place between 16 April and 22 July 1706 at the [[Cockpit-in-Court|Cockpit]] in London. Each side had its own particular concerns. Within a few days, and with only one face to face meeting of all 62 commissioners,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=MacPherson|first=Hamish|date=27 September 2020|title=How the Act of Union came about through a corrupt fixed deal in 1706|work=The National|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/18751278.act-union-came-corrupt-fixed-deal-1706/|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927163955/https://www.thenational.scot/news/18751278.act-union-came-corrupt-fixed-deal-1706/|url-status=live}}</ref> England had gained a guarantee that the [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] dynasty would succeed Queen Anne to the Scottish crown, and Scotland received a guarantee of access to colonial markets, in the hope that they would be placed on an equal footing in terms of trade.<ref name="negotiations">{{cite web | url = http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_02_course.html | title = The course of negotiations | publisher = UK Parliament website | year = 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090721014514/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_02_course.html | archive-date = 21 July 2009 | access-date = 5 February 2013}}</ref>

After negotiations ended in July 1706, the acts had to be ratified by both Parliaments. In Scotland, about 100 of the 227 members of the [[Parliament of Scotland]] were supportive of the Court Party. For extra votes the pro-court side could rely on about 25 members of the [[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]], led by the [[James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose|James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose]] and [[John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe]]. Opponents of the court were generally known as the [[Country Party (Britain)|Country party]], and included various factions and individuals such as the [[James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton]], [[John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton|John Hamilton, Lord Belhaven]] and [[Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun]], who spoke forcefully and passionately against the union, when the Scottish Parliament began its debate on the act on 3 October 1706, but the deal had already been done.<ref name=":0" /> The Court party enjoyed significant funding from England and the Treasury and included many who had accumulated debts following the [[Darien Disaster]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/05_ratification.html | title = Ratification | publisher = UK parliament website | year = 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090619224031/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/05_ratification.html | archive-date = 19 June 2009 | access-date = 5 February 2013}}</ref>

The act ratifying the Treaty of Union was finally carried in the Parliament of Scotland by 110 votes to 69 on 16 January 1707, with a number of key amendments. News of the ratification and of the amendments was received in Westminster, where the Act was passed quickly through both Houses and received the royal assent on 6 March.<ref>Macrae, The Rev. Alexander: ''Scotland Since the Union'' (1902)</ref> Though the English Act was later in date, it bore the year '1706' while Scotland's was '1707', as the legal year in England [[Lady Day#Non-religious significance|began only on 25 March]].

In Scotland, the Duke of Queensberry was largely responsible for the successful passage of the Union act by the Parliament of Scotland. In Scotland, he was greeted by stones and eggs but in England he was cheered for his action.<ref name="Union 08" /> He had personally received around half of the funding awarded by the Westminster Treasury.{{cn|date=May 2024}} In April 1707, he travelled to London to attend celebrations at the royal court, and was greeted by groups of noblemen and gentry lined along the road. From [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]], the route was lined with crowds of cheering people, and once he reached London a huge crowd had formed. On 17 April, the Duke was gratefully received by the Queen at [[Kensington Palace]] and the Acts came into effect on 1 May 1707.<ref name="Union 08">{{cite web | url = http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/08_union.html | title = 1 May 1707 – the Union comes into effect | publisher = UK Parliament website | year = 2007 | url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090619224036/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/08_union.html | archive-date = 19 June 2009 | access-date = 5 February 2013}}</ref> A day of thanksgiving was declared in England and Ireland but not in Scotland, where the bells of St Giles rang out the tune of ''"why should I be so sad on my wedding day"''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/08_01_thanksgiving.html |title=Thanksgiving and lament |publisher=UK Parliament website |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619042200/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/08_01_thanksgiving.html |archive-date=19 June 2009 |access-date=8 May 2024}}</ref>

==Provisions==
{{Main|Treaty of Union}}
[[File:Floral Badge of Great Britain.svg|thumb|upright|right|[[Royal Badges of England|Heraldic badge]] of Queen Anne, depicting the [[Tudor rose]] and the [[Scottish thistle]] growing from the same stem]]
The [[Treaty of Union]], agreed between representatives of the [[Parliament of England]] and the [[Parliament of Scotland]] in 1706, consisted of 25 articles, 15 of which were economic in nature. In Scotland, each article was voted on separately and several clauses in articles were delegated to specialised subcommittees. Article 1 of the treaty was based on the political principle of an incorporating union and this was secured by a majority of 116 votes to 83 on 4 November 1706. To minimise the opposition of the [[Church of Scotland]], an Act was also passed to secure the [[Presbyterian]] establishment of the Church, after which the Church stopped its open opposition, although hostility remained at lower levels of the clergy. The treaty as a whole was finally ratified on 16 January 1707 by a majority of 110 votes to 69.{{sfn|Riley|1969|pp=523–524}}

The two Acts incorporated provisions for Scotland to send [[Scottish representative peers|representative peers]] from the [[Peerage of Scotland]] to sit in the [[House of Lords]]. It guaranteed that the Church of Scotland would remain the [[established church]] in Scotland, that the [[Court of Session]] would "remain in all time coming within Scotland", and that [[Scots law]] would "remain in the same force as before". Other provisions included the restatement of the [[Act of Settlement 1701]] and the ban on [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholics]] from taking the throne. It also created a [[customs union]] and [[monetary union]].

The Act provided that any "laws and statutes" that were "contrary to or inconsistent with the terms" of the Act would "cease and become void".

===Related acts===

The Scottish Parliament also passed the [[Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707]] guaranteeing the status of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The English Parliament passed a similar Act, [[6 Ann.]] c. 8.

Soon after the Union, the Act [[6 Ann. (GB)|6 Ann.]] c. 40{{mdash}}later named the [[Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707]]{{mdash}}united the [[Privy Council of England]] and [[Privy Council of Scotland]] and decentralised Scottish administration by appointing justices of the peace in each shire to carry out administration. In effect it took the day-to-day government of Scotland out of the hands of politicians and into those of the [[College of Justice]].

On 18 December 1707 the [[Act for better Securing the Duties of East India Goods]] was passed which extended the monopoly of the [[East India Company]] to Scotland.

In the year following the Union, the [[Treason Act 1708]] abolished the Scottish law of [[High treason in the United Kingdom#History: after union with Scotland|treason]] and extended the corresponding English law across Great Britain.

== Evaluations ==
Scotland benefited, says historian [[George Clark (historian)|G.N. Clark]], gaining "freedom of trade with England and the colonies" as well as "a great expansion of markets". The agreement guaranteed the permanent status of the Presbyterian church in Scotland, and the separate system of laws and courts in Scotland.  Clark argued that in exchange for the financial benefits and bribes that England bestowed, what it gained was

<blockquote>of inestimable value. Scotland accepted the Hanoverian succession and gave up her power of threatening England's military security and complicating her commercial relations ... The sweeping successes of the eighteenth-century wars owed much to the new unity of the two nations.<ref>G.N. Clark, ''The Later Stuarts, 1660–1714'' (2nd ed. 1956) pp 290–93.</ref></blockquote>

Despite initial opposition to the union by many Scots, there was paradoxically more protests from Scots in the eighteenth century over what they believed was the union being disregarded by the Westminster parliament, with Lord Deskford commenting to the Duke of Newcastle in 1755 on the "anxiety" among Scots about "any thing they conceive to be contrary to the union."<ref>Whatley, Christopher (2014). ''The Scots and the Union: Then and Now.'' Edinburgh University Press. p. 16</ref>
By the time [[Samuel Johnson]] and [[James Boswell]] made their tour in 1773, recorded in ''[[A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland]]'', Johnson noted that Scotland was "a nation of which the commerce is hourly extending, and the wealth increasing" and in particular that [[Glasgow]] had become one of the greatest cities of Britain.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gordon Brown|title=My Scotland, Our Britain: A Future Worth Sharing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRz1AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA150|year=2014|publisher=Simon & Schuster UK|page=150|isbn=9781471137518}}</ref>

== Economic perspective ==
[[File:John Smith, Speaker of the House of Commons.jpg|thumb|''[[Portrait of John Smith]]'' by [[Godfrey Kneller]], 1708. Smith was one of the commissioners who negotiated the union and was [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]] in the new united parliament. He is shown by Kneller holding a copy of the Act of Union.]]
According to the Scottish historian [[Christopher Smout]], prior to the [[Union of the Crowns]] the Scottish economy had been flourishing completely independently of the English one, and that it only took a downturn in the wake of English wars, particularly the [[English civil war]], and due to what was believed to be English sabotage on Scottish economic ambitions.<ref name="smout">{{cite journal |last=Smout |first=Thomas Christopher |author-link=Christopher Smout |date=1964 |title=The Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707 {{!}} I. The Economic Background|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2592848 |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=16 |number=3 |pages=455–467 |publisher=Wiley on behalf of the Economic History Society |doi=10.2307/2592848 |jstor=2592848|url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, the Scottish economy was lagging behind not only from the impact of wars, but also because of chronic deflation and industrial underdevelopment. Scotland remained a predominantly agrarian society, and the lack of manpower caused by previous conflicts contributed to an underwhelming agricultural output, which intermittently escalated into local food shortages or famines. In turn, the overreliance of Scottish landowners on foreign goods led to a deficit of financial capital, as gold and silver were exported overseas and deflation occurred. The Scottish Parliament attempted to combat the issue by attracting foreign investment; duty on ship building materials was lifted, taxes on new manufacturing stocks were cut, and customs on textile and linen goods were removed.<ref name="reubens">{{cite journal |title=Scottish Economic Development in the face of English Hegemony: Trade Imbalances, Banking, and the Union of 1707 |journal=Proceedings of GREAT Day |volume=2012 |issue=17 |last=Reubens |first=Thomas |year=2013 |url=https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1234&context=proceedings-of-great-day |pages=301–311}}</ref>

Scotland grew increasingly dependent on its linen industry, which became the biggest source of employment after agriculture and constituted one-third of Scottish industry. Continental linen industries could outcompete Scotland, and protectionist tariffs implemented by Scotland led to tariff wars as European countries closed their markets to Scotland. In this situation, England became the largest foreign market for Scottish linen; however, while the tariffs in place shielded Scotland from the much larger English industry, England also retaliated against them. This forced Scotland to seek economic alternatives.<ref name="reubens" /> At the time, trade with colonies was rapidly growing in importance in Europe, and trade with colonies was very attractive to Scotland, given its pastoral economy. American colonies had a high demand of agricultural goods such as leather skins of goats and sheep, which would have provided Scotland a valuable source of income. Search for colonial trade, along with the frustration caused by economic and political rivalry with England, led to the [[Darien scheme]] – an unsuccessful attempt to establish a Scottish colony in the [[Gulf of Darién]].<ref name="hland" />

The scheme was sabotaged by England in various ways – it was seen as a threat to the privileged position of the [[East India Company]], prompting England to ensure the plan's failure via political and diplomatic overtures to prevent the Netherlands and [[Hamburg]] from investing into the scheme and denying assistance.<ref name="ramos">{{cite book |title=Shifting Capital Mercantilism and the Economics of the Act of Union of 1707 |first=Aida |last=Ramos |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-319-96403-4 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-96403-4 |location=Cham, Switzerland |series=Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought |date=2018 |pages=28–36}}</ref> In what was dubbed the "affair of Hamburgh" in Scotland, [[William III of England]] persuaded European powers against buying stocks in the scheme; William commented on Darien:

{{blockquote|I have been ill-served in Scotland; but I hope some remedies may be found to prevent the inconveniences which may arise from this Act.<ref>"Act of Parliament constituting the Company of Scotland, Trading to Africa and the Indies." Edinburgh, 26 June 1695 in {{cite book |last=Hart |first=Francis Russell |title=The Disaster of Darien: The Story of the Scots Settlement and the Causes of its Failure 1699–1701 |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Riverside Press |date=1929 |page=190}}</ref>}}

English actions against the Darien scheme were also motivated by other factors – the decline in the East India Company's stock values, concerns of Darien causing a labour shortage in the [[Colony of Jamaica]], and the scheme being seen as a threat to "the general peace of Christendom", as Catholic Spain laid a territorial claim to the area.<ref name="reubens" />

The failure of the Darien scheme led to a financial crisis in Scotland. The high cost of its project exacerbated the deflation in Scotland.<ref name="reubens" /> The [[Bank of Scotland]] had dangerously low reserves, and in early 1700s a run on the bank occurred, along with temporary suspension of business. Ultimately, the Scottish bank managed to stay solvent, although the persisting deflation and low reserves largely contributed to the feeling of Scottish economy being in a precarious position. Economist Aida Ramos argues that the Darien scheme could have succeeded if it was to receive support from either England or Spain, and that it lacked the capability to create a threat to England or its interests. According to Ramos, the English intervention against the scheme was to meet the expansionary aims of England, as to ensure both its colonial dominance as well as the annexation of Scotland.<ref name="ramos" />

By 1703, the Scottish government was highly disillusioned with the union, and many believed that the only way to let the Scottish economy flourish was to separate from England. [[John Clerk of Eldin]] declared that "the Scots had become England's slaves, since they were denied not only their rights as fellow-Britons but their rights under the Law of Nations", and writer David Black wrote: "England affords us but little of what is necessary, yet they drain us more than any nation". The anti-English sentiment led to accusation of King William orchestrating the 1699 [[Glencoe Massacre]], and in 1703 the Scottish Parliament started adopting legislation to counter the English aggression – the first was the [[Act Anent Peace and War]], which was to guarantee that the Scottish foreign policy would be independent of England.<ref name="ramos" /> Scotland would try to establish further autonomy from England with the [[Act of Security 1704]], which provoked a retaliation from England – Scottish ministers were bribed, and [[Alien Act 1705]] was passed. According to the Alien Act, unless Scotland appointed commissioners to negotiate for union by Christmas, every Scot in England would be treated as an alien, leading to the confiscation of their English estates. Additionally, Scottish wares were to be banned from England. According to Christopher Smout, England desired to expand its influence by annexing Scotland:

{{blockquote|text=In sum, England was now seeking Parliamentary Union for political reasons at a moment when the Scots had become dissatisfied with Regal Union for economic reasons: and one of the main weapons chosen by the English to enforce their will was the threat of economic sanctions. The repeal of the Alien Act before it could come into force scarcely reduced its menace: a big stick is a big stick, even if it is replaced in the cupboard unused.<ref name="smout" />}}

The act sparked vehement anti-English sentiment in Scotland, and made the already hostile Scottish public more opposed to England:

{{blockquote|text=The crew of an English East Indiaman, the Worcester, that had put into Leith to escape a storm was arrested on a spurious charge of piracy and executed after a parody of a trial, victims of a wave of anti-English hysteria which the Ministers of the Crown dared not be seen to oppose. As late as June, the Scottish Unionist [[Adam Cockburn, Lord Ormiston|Cockburn of Ormiston]] declared he could not find ten men in Parliament willing to join England in a full Union – an exaggeration no doubt, but an indication of the contemporary force of feeling.<ref name="smout" />}}

The Scottish economy was now facing a crisis, and the parliament was polarised into pro-union and anti-union factions, with the former led by [[Daniel Defoe]]. The unionists stressed how important trade with England is to the Scottish economy, and seen trade with continental Europe as not beneficial. They argued that the Scottish economy could survive by trading with England, and sanctions that would result from the Alien Act would collapse the economy. For Defoe, joining the union would not only prevent the Alien Act, but also remove additional limitations and regulations and lead Scotland to prosperity. Anti-unionists questioned the English goodwill and criticised the unionist faction for submitting to the English blackmail. They argued that Scotland could make a recovery by trading with the Netherlands, Spain and Norway, allowing Scotland to diversify its own industries as well. They argued that the union would make Scotland unable to conduct independent trade policy, meaning that any possibility to remove the flaws in Scottish economy would be gone forever, which would turn Scotland into a "mere satellite of the richer kingdom".<ref name="smout" />

Ultimately, Scottish ministers voted in favour of the union, despite the lack of public support, with the overwhelming majority of the Scottish population at the time protesting vociferously against any union with England.<ref name="Bowie" /> Many Scots considered themselves to have been betrayed by their own elites, and that the union bill was able to pass only thanks to English bribery.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Treaty of Union of Scotland and England, 1707 |first=George S. |last=Pride |pages=31–34 |year=1950 |location=London |publisher=Nelson}}</ref> In the first few decades after the union, England did not end up becoming the main trading partner of Scotland, as other European powers became the primary source of imported goods for Scotland. For at least the first 40 years after the union, Scotland persisted in its traditional trade patterns, and the economic situation of Scotland was not as dire as that described in the months leading up to the Acts of Union.<ref name="hland">{{cite web |title=The Act of Union: Death or Reprieve for the Highlands? A Study of the Socio-Economic Impact of the Union on the Highlands of Scotland, 1707–1745 |first=Lauchlin Alexander |last=Cruickshanks |year=2008 |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/_flysystem/fedora/2023-03/22531-Original%20File.pdf |publisher=Wesleyan University |location=Middletown, Connecticut |pages=81–83}}</ref> [[Christopher Whatley]] writes, however, that by 1799, it was reported that the union of Scotland with England had not only benefitted the Scottish economy, but promoted a "commercial prosperity" unknown to any people.<ref>Whatley, Christopher (2014). ''The Scots and the Union: Then and Now''. Edinburgh University Press. p. 18</ref>

== 300th anniversary ==

[[File:2007£2union.jpg|thumb|The £2 coin issued in the United Kingdom in 2007 to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Acts of Union]]

A commemorative [[two-pound coin]] was issued to mark the tercentennial—300th anniversary—of the Union, which occurred two days before the [[2007 Scottish Parliament election|Scottish Parliament general election]] on 3 May 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2006-11-06a.79.0 |title=Act of Union 1707: 300th Anniversary (House of Lords – Written answers, 6 November 2006) |website= TheyWorkForYou.com}}</ref>

The [[Scottish Government]] held a number of commemorative events through the year including an education project led by the [[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland]], an exhibition of Union-related objects and documents at the [[National Museums of Scotland]] and an exhibition of portraits of people associated with the Union at the [[National Galleries of Scotland]].<ref>Announced by the Scottish Culture Minister, Patricia Ferguson, 9 November 2006{{Full citation needed|date=October 2025}}</ref>

== Scottish voting records ==
[[File:Map of Scottish Commissioner voting on the ratification of the Treaty of Union.svg|thumb|Map of commissioner voting on the ratification of the Treaty of Union:<br />
{{legend|#666666|All (or sole) Commissioners absent}}
{{legend|#008000|All Commissioners present voting for Union}}
{{legend|#24B14C|Majority of Commissioners present voting for Union}}
{{legend|#E6E6E6|Equal number of Commissioners voting for and against}}
{{legend|#DF0A24|Majority of Commissioners present voting against Union}}
{{legend|#AA0000|All Commissioners present voting against Union}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="align:left; font-size: 95%;"
|+Voting records for 16 January 1707 ratification of the Treaty of Union
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9 text-align:left;"|Commissioner
! style="background:#e9e9e9 text-align:right;"|Constituency/Position
! style="background:#e9e9e9 text-align:right;"|Party
! style="background:#e9e9e9 text-align:right;"|Vote
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord President of the Council of Scotland]]/[[Stirlingshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Stirlingshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Kerr, 2nd Marquess of Lothian]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675–1732)|John Erskine, Earl of Mar]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Gordon, 16th Earl of Sutherland]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Hamilton-Leslie, 9th Earl of Rothes]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |James Douglas, 11th [[Earl of Morton]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |William Cunningham, 12th [[Earl of Glencairn]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Thomas Hamilton, 6th Earl of Haddington]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Maitland, 5th Earl of Lauderdale]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Wemyss, 4th Earl of Wemyss]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |William Ramsay, 5th [[Earl of Dalhousie]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Banffshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Banffshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Carnegie, 4th Earl of Northesk]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of Forfar]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Boyd, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Keith, 1st Earl of Kintore]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Cromartie]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Archibald Primrose, 1st Earl of Rosebery]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Boyle, 1st Earl of Glasgow]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |likely [[Linlithgowshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Linlithgowshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll|Archibald Campbell, Earl of Illay]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Earl of Kinnoull|William Hay, Viscount Dupplin]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |William Forbes, 12th [[Lord Forbes]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Elphinstone, 8th [[Lord Elphinstone]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Ross, 12th Lord Ross]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Sandilands, 7th Lord Torphichen]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord Fraser]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[George Ogilvy, 3rd Lord Banff]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord Elibank|Alexander Murray, 4th Lord Elibank]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord Duffus|Kenneth Sutherland, 3rd Lord Duffus]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Robert Rollo, 4th Lord Rollo]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Stirlingshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Stirlingshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Murray, Lord Philiphaugh]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord Clerk Register]]/[[Selkirkshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Selkirkshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Adam Cockburn, Lord Ormiston]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord Justice Clerk]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes

|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir Robert Dickson of Inverask
| style="text-align:left" |[[Edinburghshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Edinburghshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |William Nisbet of Dirletoun
| style="text-align:left" |[[Haddingtonshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Haddingtonshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Cockburn (Scottish politician)|John Cockburn, younger, of Ormestoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Haddingtonshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Haddingtonshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir John Swintoun of that ilk
| style="text-align:left" |[[Berwickshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Berwickshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir Alexander Campbell of Cessnock
| style="text-align:left" |[[Berwickshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Berwickshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir William Kerr, 3rd Baronet|Sir William Kerr of Greenhead]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Roxburghshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Roxburghshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Archibald Douglas, 13th of Cavers]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Roxburghshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Roxburghshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Bennet (Scottish politician)|William Bennet of Grubbet]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Roxburghshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Roxburghshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Murray, Lord Bowhill|Mr John Murray of Bowhill]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Selkirkshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Selkirkshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr John Pringle of Haining
| style="text-align:left" |[[Selkirkshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Selkirkshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Morison (1663–1739)|William Morison of Prestongrange]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Peeblesshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Peeblesshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Alexander Horseburgh of that ilk
| style="text-align:left" |[[Peeblesshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Peeblesshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[George Baillie (MP, born 1664)|George Baillie]] of Jerviswood
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lanarkshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Lanarkshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir John Johnstone, 1st Baronet|Sir John Johnstoun of Westerhall]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dumfriesshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |William Dowglass of Dornock
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dumfriesshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr William Stewart of Castlestewart
| style="text-align:left" |[[Wigtownshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Wigtownshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Stewart (died 1748)|Mr John Stewart of Sorbie]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Wigtownshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Wigtownshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Hon. Francis Montgomerie|Mr Francis Montgomery of Giffan]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Ayrshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Ayrshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Dalrymple (politician, born 1678)|Mr William Dalrymple of Glenmuir]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Ayrshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Ayrshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr Robert Stewart of Tillicultrie
| style="text-align:left" |[[Buteshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Buteshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir Robert Pollock, 1st Baronet|Sir Robert Pollock of that ilk]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Renfrewshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr John Montgomery of Wrae
| style="text-align:left" |[[Linlithgowshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Linlithgowshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Halden of Glenagies
| style="text-align:left" |[[Perthshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Perthshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mongo Graham of Gorthie
| style="text-align:left" |[[Perthshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Perthshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir Thomas Burnett, 3rd Baronet|Sir Thomas Burnet of Leyes]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kincardineshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kincardineshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir William Seton, 2nd Baronet|William Seton, younger, of Pitmedden]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Aberdeenshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Aberdeenshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Alexander Grant (died 1719)|Alexander Grant, younger, of that ilk]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Inverness-shire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Inverness-shire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth|Sir William Mackenzie]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr Aeneas McLeod of Cadboll
| style="text-align:left" |[[Cromartyshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Cromartyshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Hon. John Campbell (c. 1660 – 9 Apr 1729)|Mr John Campbell of Mammore]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Argyllshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Argyllshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Campbell of Auchinbreck|Sir James Campbell of Auchinbreck]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Argyllshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Argyllshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir James Campbell, 2nd Baronet, of Ardkinglass|James Campbell, younger, of Ardkinglass]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Argyllshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Argyllshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir William Anstruther of that ilk
| style="text-align:left" |[[Fife (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Fife]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |James Halyburton of Pitcurr
| style="text-align:left" |[[Forfarshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Forfarshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Alexander Abercromby (Scottish politician, born 1678)|Alexander Abercrombie of Glassoch]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Banffshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Banffshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr James Dunbarr, younger, of Hemprigs
| style="text-align:left" |[[Caithness (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Caithness]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Alexander Douglas of Eagleshay]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Orkney and Shetland (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Orkney and Shetland]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir John Bruce, 2nd Baronet]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kinross-shire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kinross-shire]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes

|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Scrimsour
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dundee (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dundee]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Lieutenant Colonel John Areskine
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Mure
| style="text-align:left" |Likely [[Ayr (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Ayr]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Scott (1671–1732)|James Scott]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Montrose (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Montrose]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir John Anstruther, 1st Baronet, of Anstruther]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Anstruther Easter (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Anstruther Easter]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |James Spittle
| style="text-align:left" |[[Inverkeithing (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Inverkeithing]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Patrick Moncreiff|Mr Patrick Moncrieff]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kinghorn (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kinghorn]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir Andrew Home
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kirkcudbright (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kirkcudbright]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir Peter Halket
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dunfermline (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dunfermline]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Squadrone Volante (Scotland)|Squadrone Volante]]
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir James Smollet
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dumbarton (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dumbarton]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr William Carmichell
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lanark (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Lanark]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr William Sutherland
| style="text-align:left" |[[Elgin (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Elgin]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Captain Daniel McLeod
| style="text-align:left" |[[Tain (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Tain]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir David Dalrymple, 1st Baronet]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Culross (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Culross]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Sir Alexander Ogilvie
| style="text-align:left" |[[Banff (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Banff]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir John Clerk, 2nd Baronet|Mr John Clerk]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Whithorn (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Whithorn]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Ross
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Hew Dalrymple, Lord North Berwick]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[North Berwick (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|North Berwick]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr Patrick Ogilvie
| style="text-align:left" |[[Cullen (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Cullen]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[George Allardice|George Allardyce]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kintore (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kintore]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |William Avis
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr James Bethun
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kilrenny (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kilrenny]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr Roderick McKenzie
| style="text-align:left" |[[Fortrose (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Fortrose]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Urquhart
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dornoch (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dornoch]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Daniel Campbell (died 1753)|Daniel Campbell]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Inveraray (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Inveraray]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Mr Robert Forbes of Learnie|Sir Robert Forbes]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Inverurie (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Inverurie]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr Robert Dowglass
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kirkwall (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kirkwall]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Hon. Alexander Maitland|Mr Alexander Maitland]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Inverbervie (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Inverbervie]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr George Dalrymple
| style="text-align:left" |[[Stranraer (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Stranraer]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Charles Campbell (member for Campbeltown)|Mr Charles Campbell]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Campbeltown (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Campbeltown]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |Yes
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Johnstone, 1st Marquess of Annandale]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Annan (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Annan]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Charles Hay, 13th Earl of Erroll]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Erskine, 9th Earl of Buchan]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Alexander Sinclair, 9th Earl of Caithness]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Fleming, 6th Earl of Wigtown]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Murray, 5th Viscount of Stormont]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Livingston, 3rd Viscount of Kilsyth]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Fraser, 12th Lord Saltoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Francis Sempill, 10th Lord Sempill]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Charles Oliphant, 7th Lord Oliphant]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Elphinstone, 4th Lord Balmerino]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Walter Stuart, 6th Lord Blantyre]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Linlithgow (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Linlithgow]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord Bargany|William Hamilton, 3rd Lord Bargany]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Queensferry (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Queensferry]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lord Colvill]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Patrick Kinnaird, 3rd [[Lord Kinnaird]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No

|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall|Sir John Lawder of Fountainhall]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Haddingtonshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Haddingtonshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Andrew Fletcher (politician)|Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Haddingtonshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Haddingtonshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sinclair baronets|Sir Robert Sinclair, 3rd Baronet]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Berwickshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Berwickshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir Patrick Home of Rentoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Berwickshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Berwickshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Gilbert Elliot (1680–1764)|Sir Gilbert Elliot of Minto]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Roxburghshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Roxburghshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Bayllie of Lamingtoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lanarkshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Lanarkshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Sinclair, younger, of Stevensone]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lanarkshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Lanarkshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Hamilton of Aikenhead]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lanarkshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Lanarkshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Mr Alexander Fergusson of Isle]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dumfriesshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir Hugh Cathcart of Carletoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Ayrshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Ayrshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Brisbane, younger, of Bishoptoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Ayrshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Ayrshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Mr William Cochrane of Kilmaronock]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dumbartonshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dumbartonshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir Humphray Colquhoun of Luss]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dumbartonshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dumbartonshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir John Houstoun, 2nd Baronet|Sir John Houstoun of that ilk]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Renfrewshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Robert Rollo of Powhouse]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Thomas Sharp of Houstoun]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Linlithgowshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Linlithgowshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl|John Murray of Strowan]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Alexander Gordon of Pitlurg]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Aberdeenshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Aberdeenshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[John Forbes of Colloden]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Nairnshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Nairnshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Bethun of Balfour]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Fife (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Fife]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Major Henry Balfour of Dunboog]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Fife (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Fife]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Mr Thomas Hope of Rankeillor]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Patrick Lyon of Auchterhouse|Mr Patrick Lyon of Auchterhouse]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Forfarshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Forfarshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Carnegie (died 1707)|Mr James Carnagie of Phinhaven]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Forfarshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Forfarshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[David Graham, younger, of Fintrie]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Forfarshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Forfarshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[William Maxwell of Cardines]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kirkcudbrightshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kirkcudbrightshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Alexander McKye of Palgown]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kirkcudbrightshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Kirkcudbrightshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[James Sinclair of Stempster]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Caithness (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Caithness]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Innes baronets|Sir Henry Innes, younger, of that ilk]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Elginshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Elginshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Mr George McKenzie of Inchcoulter]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Ross-shire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Ross-shire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No

|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Sir Robert Inglis, 2nd Baronet|Robert Inglis]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Edinburgh (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Edinburgh]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Alexander Robertson
| style="text-align:left" |[[Perth (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Perth]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Walter Stewart
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#def;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Hugh Montgomerie (Scottish politician)|Hugh Montgomery]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Glasgow (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Glasgow]]
| style="text-align:left" |Court Party
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Alexander Edgar
| style="text-align:left" |[[Haddington (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Haddington]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Alexander Duff
| style="text-align:left" |[[Banffshire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Banffshire]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Francis Molison
| style="text-align:left" |[[Brechin (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Brechin]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Walter Scott
| style="text-align:left" |[[Jedburgh (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Jedburgh]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Robert Scott
| style="text-align:left" |[[Selkirk (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Selkirk]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Robert Kellie
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dunbar (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dunbar]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Hutchesone
| style="text-align:left" |[[Arbroath (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Arbroath]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Archibald Scheills
| style="text-align:left" |[[Peebles (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Peebles]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr John Lyon
| style="text-align:left" |[[Forfar (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Forfar]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |George Brodie
| style="text-align:left" |[[Forres (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Forres]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |George Spens
| style="text-align:left" |[[Rutherglen (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Rutherglen]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |[[Montgomery-Cuninghame baronets|Sir David Cuningham]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lauder (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Lauder]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr John Carruthers
| style="text-align:left" |[[Lochmaben (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Lochmaben]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |George Home
| style="text-align:left" |[[New Galloway (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|New Galloway]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |John Bayne
| style="text-align:left" |[[Dingwall (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Dingwall]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
| style="background:#ddd;"|
| style="text-align:left" |Mr Robert Fraser
| style="text-align:left" |[[Wick (Parliament of Scotland constituency)|Wick]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| style="text-align:right" |No
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:left; background:lightgreen;"|Total Ayes
! style="text-align:right" |106
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:left; background:pink;"|Total Noes
! style="text-align:right" |69
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:left; background:lightgrey;"|Total Votes
! style="text-align:right" |175
|-
! style="text-align:left" colspan=5|Sources: Records of the Parliament of Scotland, [https://dbooks.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/books/PDFs/555089378.pdf Parliamentary Register, p.598]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Acts of Union 1800]] (Kingdom of Great Britain with Kingdom of Ireland)
** {{anl|Kingdom of Ireland}}
* {{anl|English independence}}
* [[List of treaties]]
* {{anl|MacCormick v Lord Advocate|''MacCormick v Lord Advocate''}}
* {{anl|Parliament of the United Kingdom}}
* {{anl|Political union}}
* {{anl|Real union}}
* {{anl|Scottish independence}}
* {{anl|Unionism in Scotland}}
* {{anl|Welsh independence}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bambery |first=Chris |title=A People's History of Scotland |title-link=A People's History of Scotland |date=2014 |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1-7866-3787-1}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=R. H. |date=1964 |title=The Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707. II. The Economic Consequences |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=468–477 |doi=10.2307/2592849 |jstor=2592849}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cullen |first=K. J. |title=Famine in Scotland: The "Ill Years" of the 1690s |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-7486-3887-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Tim |title=Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720 |date=2007 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-1410-1652-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Tim |title=Rebellion: Britain's First Stuart Kings, 1567–1642 |date=2015 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-1987-4311-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Horwitz |first=Henry |title=Parliament, Policy and Politics in the Reign of William III. |date=1986 |publisher=MUP |isbn=978-0-7190-0661-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Clare |title=Restoration Scotland, 1660–1690: Royalist Politics, Religion and Ideas |date=2003 |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=978-0-8511-5930-0}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Lawrence |date=May 1970 |title=Steps to War: The Scots and Parliament, 1642–1643 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=50–70 |doi=10.1086/385591 |jstor=175155 |s2cid=145723008}}
* {{Cite book |title=Stuart Royal Proclamations: Volume I |publisher=Clarendon Press |date=1973 |editor-last=Larkin |editor-first=James F. |editor-last2=Hughes |editor-first2=Paul L.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lynch |first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/scotlandnewhisto0000lync_b2x2 |title=Scotland: a New History |date=1992 |publisher=Pimlico Publishing |isbn=978-0-7126-9893-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lockyer |first=R |title=James VI and I |publisher=Addison Wesley Longman |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-5822-7962-9 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=MacIntosh |first=Gillian |title=Scottish Parliament under Charles II, 1660–1685 |date=2007 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-2457-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=McDonald |first=Alan |title=The Jacobean Kirk, 1567–1625: Sovereignty, Polity and Liturgy |date=1998 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-8592-8373-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mitchison |first=Rosalind |title=A History of Scotland |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-4152-7880-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Morrill |first=John |title=Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution |date=1990 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-5820-1675-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Munck |first=Thomas |title=Seventeenth-Century Europe: State, Conflict and Social Order in Europe 1598–1700 |date=2005 |publisher=Palgrave |isbn=978-1-4039-3619-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Richards |first=E |title=OBritannia's Children: Emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600 |date=2004 |publisher=Continuum |isbn=1-8528-5441-3}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Riley |first=P.J.W. |date=1969 |title=The Union of 1707 as an Episode in English Politics |journal=The English Historical Review |volume=84 |issue=332 |pages=498–527 |jstor=562482}}
* {{Cite book |last=Robertson |first=Barry |title=Royalists at War in Scotland and Ireland, 1638–1650 |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-3170-6106-9}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Smout |first=T. C. |date=1964 |title=The Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707. I. The Economic Background |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=455–467 |doi=10.2307/2592848 |jstor=2592848}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Stephen |first=Jeffrey |date=2010 |title=Scottish Nationalism and Stuart Unionism: The Edinburgh Council, 1745 |journal=Journal of British Studies |language=en |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=47–72 |doi=10.1086/644534 |issn=0021-9371 |s2cid=144730991}}
* {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=Douglas |title=The Price of Scotland: Darien, Union and the wealth of nations |date=2007 |publisher=Luath Press |isbn=978-1-9063-0709-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Whatley |first=C |title=Bought and sold for English Gold? Explaining the Union of 1707 |publisher=Tuckwell Press |date=2001 |isbn=978-1-8623-2140-3 |location=East Linton}}
* {{Cite book |last=Whatley |first=C |title=The Scots and the Union |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-7486-1685-5}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Whatley |first=Christopher |date=1989 |title=Economic Causes and Consequences of the Union of 1707: A Survey |journal=Scottish Historical Review |volume=68 |issue=186 |pages=150–181 |jstor=25530416}}
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Defoe, Daniel. ''[[A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain]]'', 1724–1727
* Defoe, Daniel. ''The Letters of Daniel Defoe'', GH Healey editor. Oxford: 1955.
* Fletcher, Andrew (Saltoun). ''An Account of a Conversation''
* Lockhart, George, "The Lockhart Papers", 1702–1728

== External links ==
* {{Wikisource-inline|Act of Union 1707|single=true}}
* [https://rahbarnes.co.uk/union/union-of-1707/ Union with England Act and Union with Scotland Act – Full original text]
* [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/collectionsp-bin/colldisp/l=0/c=81 Treaty of Union and the Darien Experiment], University of Guelph, McLaughlin Library, Library and Archives Canada
* {{UK-LEG|title=Union with Scotland Act 1706}}
* {{UK-LEG|title=Union with England Act 1707}}
* [https://rps.ac.uk/search.php?action=fetch_jump&filename=anne_trans&jump=anne_m1706_10_257_d6_ms&type=trans&fragment=t1706_10_257_d6_trans Union with England Act 1707, from Records of the Parliaments of Scotland]
* [https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_HL_PO_PU_1_1706_5and6An14 Image of original act from the Parliamentary Archives website]

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[[Category:Unionism in Scotland]]
[[Category:Treaties of England]]
[[Category:Treaties of Scotland]]
[[Category:1707 in British law]]
[[Category:1706 in politics]]
[[Category:Church of Scotland]]