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{{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type               = municipality
|county             = Vrancea
|official_name      = Adjud
|image_flag         =
|image_shield       = Interbelic Adjud CoA.png
|image_skyline      = Adjud station 6.jpg
|image_caption      = Adjud train station
|image_location     = 
|image_map          = Adjud jud Vrancea.png
|map_caption        = Location in Vrancea County
|leader_name        = Nechifor Florin<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref>
|leader_party       = PNL
|term               = 2020–2024
|coordinates        = {{coord|46|6|0|N|27|10|47|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation          = 97
|elevation_min      = 
|elevation_max      = 
|area_total         = 59.1
|area_footnotes     = 
|population_as_of   = 
|population_total   = auto
|population_footnotes = 
|postal_code        = 625100
|area_code          = (+40) 02 37
|website            = {{URL|https://www.adjud.ro/}}
}}

'''Adjud''' ({{IPA|ro|adˈʒud}}; {{langx|hu|Egyedhalma}}) is a [[municipiu|city]] in [[Vrancea County]], [[Western Moldavia]], [[Romania]]. It has a population of 15,178 inhabitants (as of 2021). It lies at a railway junction which has a [[classification yard]] and a passenger station. Adjud, situated north of the point where the river [[Trotuș]] enters the [[Siret (river)|Siret]], used to be a marketplace.

The city administers three villages: Adjudu Vechi, Burcioaia, and Șișcani.

== Geography ==
Adjud is situated on a plain and is surrounded by hills up to a height of {{cvt|400|m}} at the foot of the [[Vrancea Mountains]], a mountain range in the [[Sub Carpathians|Curvature Carpathians]]. The average altitude of the town is {{cvt|100|m}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. The surrounding land is favorable for agriculture.

Geological research findings show the city's [[subsoil]] having layers of gravel and sand Levantine and Quaternary, forming significant hydrological aquifers deposits fed by the [[Trotuș]] and [[Siret (river)|Siret]] rivers and direct rainfalls.

The climate is temperate with annual average temperature of 8&ndash;{{convert|10|°C|0|abbr=on}} and an average rainfall of 500&nbsp;mm / m a year. It is characterized by prevailing northwinds with winds from the south and south-east in the hot season. Due to its location at the junction of the provinces [[Moldavia]], [[Wallachia]], and [[Transylvania]], it has been an important road and railway junction since ancient times. The town's area was of {{cvt|5911|ha}} in 1997, out of which {{cvt|105|ha}} was covered by buildings and yards.

== History ==
[[File:Mechel Schütz Gefecht Adjud Moldau 14. Oktober 1788 (randlos).jpg|thumb|Battle of Adjud, 14 October 1788, during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]]]]
[[File:Monumentul Primului Război Mondial (1916-1918).jpg|thumb|[[World War I]] monument]]
In the northern part of the town a settlement from the [[Bronze Age]] was discovered, which dates roughly from the second millennium BC and belongs to [[Culture Monteoru|Monteoru culture]]. [[Gaeti|Geto]]-[[Dacians|Dacian]] vestiges of 5th century BC were also found here.

The first mention of the town is made by its [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] name Egyedhalma ("in oppido nostro ''Egydhalm''” meaning "in our city ''Gilles' Hill''") in a Latin language document from 1433,<ref>{{cite book|last=Giurescu|first=Constantin C.|authorlink=Constantin C. Giurescu|title= Istoria românilor (2 volumes)|year=1975}}</ref> where [[Iliaș of Moldavia]] granted commercial privileges to [[Transylvanian Saxons|Transylvanian Saxon]] merchants. The Romanian name of Adjud derives from the Hungarian one. The original name supports the idea that the town was established by Hungarian [[Csángós]] settled in Moldavia as part of a systematic Hungarian imperial policy to settle Hungarian and partly German population in places of strategic economic, commercial and military importance with the task to control and defend the eastern frontier of Hungary.<ref>{{cite web|author= László Mikecs|title=Kárpátokon túli magyarság (Hungarians beyond the Carpathians)|page=458|url=http://adatbank.transindex.ro/html/alcim_pdf3477.pdf}}</ref><ref name=" Vilmos Tánczos ">{{cite web|url= http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/moldvang.htm|author= Vilmos Tánczos|title= Hungarians in Moldavia (original: Hányan vannak a moldvai csángók)|publisher= Magyar Kisebbség 1-2 (7-8), 1997 (III)|page= 1157|access-date= 4 August 2010|archive-date= 5 March 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100305103209/http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/moldvang.htm|url-status= dead}}</ref>

The Battle of Adjud occurred here on 14 October 1788, during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]], pitting the armies of the [[Russian Empire]] and the [[Habsburg monarchy]] (under the command of field marshal Baron Spleny von Mihald) against those of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ziaruldevrancea.ro/proiecte/pe-urmele-istoriei/peste-mai-putin-de-doua-luni-se-implinesc-230-de-ani-de-la-batalia-de-la-adjud-dintre-austrieci-si-turci|title=Peste mai puțin de două luni se împlinesc 230 de ani de la bătălia de la Adjud dintre austrieci și turci|newspaper=Ziarul de Vrancea|date=18 August 2018|language=ro|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>

Adjud was declared a city in 1948. In 1950 it became the residence of Adjud district from Putna Region, then (after 1952) from [[Bârlad Region]] and (after 1956) from the [[Bacău Region]]. In 1968, it became a city of Vrancea County, while in 2000 Adjud was declared a municipality.

== Population ==
{{Historical populations
|source = Census data
|1930 |6748
|1948 |4028
|1956 |6119
|1966 |8347
|1977 |12501
|1992 |20346
|2002 |20776
|2011 |14670
|2021 |15178
}}

At the [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]], Adjud had a population of 15,178. According to the [[2011 Romanian census|2011 census]], the city had a population of 14,670, of which 13,734 (93.62%) were [[Romanians]], and 915 (6.23%) [[Romani people in Romania|Roma]]. As to religious makeup, most respondents were of the [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] religion (94.92%). The second largest community was the Roman Catholic one, 2.32% of the population. Pentecostals totaled 1.33%, while other denominations were represented by less than 1%.

== Road ==
Adjud municipality is crossed by [[Roads in Romania|national road]] [[DN2]] (part of [[European route E85]]) for a length of {{cvt|11|km}}, from km 226 at the [[Trotuș|Trotuș River]] bridge up to km 237, running through downtown for a section of 3&nbsp;km. It is also crossed by the national road {{ill|DN11A|ro}}, from the agro-food market towards [[Onești]]–[[Bacău]], for a length of 4&nbsp;km from km 37 + 450 to km 33 + 450. National road DN2 branches out to Adjudu Vechi, while DN11A goes to [[Bârlad]], from km 42 to 46, for a length of 4&nbsp;km, running in the downtown area for a section of 1.5&nbsp;km.

== Notable persons ==
* [[Costel Alexe]] (born 1983), politician
* [[Gheorghe Balș]] (1868–1934), engineer and art historian
* [[Dan Botta]] (1907–1958), poet, essayist
* [[Emil Botta]] (1911–1977), poet, writer and actor, brother of Dan Botta
* [[Minodora Cliveti]] (born 1955), politician
* [[Elena Dan]] (1967–1996), opera singer
* [[Ion Dichiseanu]] (1933–2021), actor
* [[Angela Gheorghiu]] (born 1965), soprano
* [[Nelly Miricioiu]] (born 1952), soprano
* [[Gheorghe Naghi]] (1932–2019), film director
* [[Alexandru Novac]] (born 1997), athlete 
* [[Gelu Radu]] (born 1957), weightlifter

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.adjud.ro/ Municipality website]

{{Vrancea County}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in Vrancea County]]
[[Category:Localities in Western Moldavia]]
[[Category:Cities in Romania]]
[[Category:Dacian towns]]