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{{Short description|German chess master (1818–1879)}}
{{About|the German chess player|the Swedish swimmer|Adolf Andersson}}
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{{Infobox chess player
|name = Adolf Anderssen
|image = and00278.png
|birthname = Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen
|country = [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1818|7|6|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Breslau]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Confederation]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1879|3|13|1818|7|6|df=y}}
|death_place = Breslau, Kingdom of Prussia, [[German Empire]]
|title =
<!--
|worldchampion =  1851-1858, 1860-1866 (unofficial)
-->
|rating =
|peakrating =
}}

'''Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen''' (6 July 1818 – 13 March 1879)<ref name=Brit>"Anderssen, Adolf" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 385.</ref> was a German [[chess master]]. He won the great international tournaments of [[London 1851 chess tournament|1851]] and [[London 1862 chess tournament|1862]], but lost matches to [[Paul Morphy]] in 1858, and to [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] in 1866. Accordingly, he is generally regarded as having been the world's leading chess player from 1851 to 1858, and leading active player from 1862 to 1866, although the title of [[World Chess Champion]] did not yet exist.

Anderssen became the most successful tournament player in Europe, winning over half the events he entered, including the very strong [[Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament]]. He achieved most of these successes when he was over the age of 50.

Anderssen is famous today for his brilliant [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrificial]] attacking play, particularly in the [[Immortal Game]] (1851) and the [[Evergreen Game]] (1852). He was an important figure in the development of [[chess problem]]s, driving forward the transition from the "Old School" of problem composition to the elegance and complexity of modern compositions. He was also one of the most likeable of chess masters and became an elder statesman of the game, to whom others turned for advice or arbitration.

==Background and early life==
Anderssen was born in [[Wrocław|Breslau]] (now called [[Wrocław]], Poland), in the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Silesia]], in 1818. He lived there for most of his life, sharing a house with and supporting his widowed mother and his unmarried sister. Anderssen never married. He graduated from the public [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] (high school) in [[Wrocław|Breslau]] and then attended university, where he studied mathematics and philosophy. After graduating in 1847 at the age of 29, he took a position at the [[Friedrichs-Gymnasium (Breslau)|Friedrichs-Gymnasium]] in Breslau as an instructor and later as professor of Mathematics. Anderssen lived a quiet, stable, responsible, respectable middle-class life. His career was teaching [[mathematics]], while his hobby and passion was playing chess.<ref name="WallProfileAnderssen" />

When Anderssen was nine years old, his father taught him how to play chess.<ref name="Fine1952WorldsGreatChessGames" /> Anderssen said that as a boy, he learned the strategy of the game from a copy of [[William Lewis (chess player)|William Lewis]]' book ''Fifty Games Between [[Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais|Labourdonnais]] and [[Alexander McDonnell (chess player)|McDonnell]]'' (1835).<ref name="batgirlAnderssen" />

==Chess career==

===First steps===
{{stack|
{{Chess diagram small
 |tright
 |From Anderssen's 1842 collection
 |  |  |  |bl|bl|  |  |kl
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |pd
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |kd
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
 |  |  |  |  |  |pl|  |pd
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |pl
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
 |{{hidden |ta1=left |fw1=normal |White to mate in four moves |{{em|Solution:}} 1.Bh5 Kxh5 2.Kg7 h6 3.Kf6 Kh4 4.Kg6{{chessAN|#}}}}
}}
|{{AN chess|pos=egright}}
}}

Anderssen first came to the attention of the chess world when he published ''Aufgabe für Schachspieler'' ("Task for chess players"), a collection of 60 [[chess problem]]s, in 1842.<ref name="WallProfileAnderssen" /><ref name="Fine1952WorldsGreatChessGames"/> He continued to publish problems for many years, both in magazines and as a second collection in 1852.<ref name="WeeninkChessProblem">{{cite book | author=Weenink, H.G.M. |editor1=Hume, G. |editor2=White, A.C. | title=The Chess Problem | year=1926 }}</ref><ref name="Howard1970PioneerComposers">{{cite book | title=Classic Chess Problems by Pioneer Composers | author=[[Kenneth S. Howard|Howard, K.S.]] | publisher=Courier Dover | year=1970 | isbn=0-486-22522-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzNBButOy3oC&q=%22Classic+Chess+Problems+by+Pioneer+Composers%22+howard   | access-date=17 June 2008 }}</ref> These brought him to the attention of the "[[Berlin Pleiades]]" group, which included some of the strongest players of the time, and he played matches against some of them.<ref name="Spinrad2006Bledow" /> Anderssen's development as a player was relatively slow, largely because he could spare neither the time nor the money to play many matches against strong players. Nevertheless, by 1846 he was able to put up a good fight against another Pleiades member, [[Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa]], who may have been the world's strongest player at the time.<ref name="Diggle2006vonDerLasa">{{cite web | url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/baron.pdf | author=Diggle, G.H. | title=The Baron | publisher=chesscafe.com  | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080626153454/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/baron.pdf| archive-date= 26 June 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> In 1846, he became the editor of the magazine ''Schachzeitung der Berliner Schachgesellschaft'' (later called ''[[Deutsche Schachzeitung]]'') when its founder [[Ludwig Bledow]], one of the Berlin Pleiades, died. Anderssen held this post until 1865.<ref name="sympaticoChessPeriodicals">{{cite web|url=http://www3.sympatico.ca/g.giffen/periodicals.htm |title=Chess Periodicals |access-date=17 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221207/http://www3.sympatico.ca/g.giffen/periodicals.htm |archive-date=26 September 2007 }}</ref>

===London 1851===
[[Image:Howard-Staunton-ILN-detail-1.jpeg|thumb|upright=0.80|left|[[Howard Staunton]] was the principal organiser of the [[London 1851 chess tournament|1851 London International Tournament]], and offered to pay Anderssen's travel expenses, should he fail to win.]]
In 1848, Anderssen drew a match with the professional player [[Daniel Harrwitz]].<ref name="storiascacchiMatchesTo1849" /> On the basis of this match and his general chess reputation, he was invited to represent German chess at the [[London 1851 chess tournament|first international chess tournament]], to be held in London in 1851. Anderssen was reluctant to accept the invitation, as he was deterred by the travel costs. However, the tournament's principal organizer, [[Howard Staunton]], offered to pay Anderssen's travel expenses out of his own pocket if necessary, should Anderssen fail to win a tournament prize. Anderssen accepted this generous offer.<ref name="batgirlAnderssen">{{cite web | url=http://batgirl.atspace.com/Anderssen.html | title=Morphy's opponents: Adolf Anderssen | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511165040/http://batgirl.atspace.com/Anderssen.html | archive-date=11 May 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Anderssen's preparations for the 1851 London International Tournament produced a surge in his playing strength: he played over 100 games in early 1851 against strong opponents including [[Carl Mayet]], [[Ernst Falkbeer]], [[Max Lange]] and [[Jean Dufresne]].<ref name="Diggle2006vonDerLasa" />  The 1851 International Tournament was a [[Single-elimination tournament|knock-out]] event in which pairs of competitors played short matches, and Anderssen won it by beating [[Lionel Kieseritzky]], [[József Szén]], Staunton and [[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]] – by margins of at least two games in every case.<ref name="WeeksLondon1851" /> His prize was two-thirds of the total prize fund of £500, i.e. about £335;<ref name="StauntonLondon1851">{{cite book | title=The Chess Tournament | author=[[Howard Staunton|Staunton, H.]] | date=April 2003 | publisher=Hardinge Simpole | isbn=1-84382-089-7}} can be viewed online at or downloaded as PDF from [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__SUCAAAAYAAJ <!-- quote=1851 london tournament book staunton. --> Internet Archive]</ref> that is equivalent to about £240,000 ($370,200) in 2006's money.<ref>Conversion based on average incomes, which are the most appropriate measure for several days' hard work. If we use average prices for the conversion, the result is about £27,000. {{cite web | url=http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php?use%5B%5D=CPI&use%5B%5D=DEFIND&use%5B%5D=WAGE&use%5B%5D=GDPCP&use%5B%5D=GDPC&year_early=1851&pound71=335&shilling71=0&pence71=0&amount=335&year_source=1851&year_result=2008 | access-date=17 June 2008 | title=Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound Amount, 1830–2006: 2006 equivalent of £335 in 1851 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429030933/http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php?use%5B%5D=CPI&use%5B%5D=DEFIND&use%5B%5D=WAGE&use%5B%5D=GDPCP&use%5B%5D=GDPC&year_early=1851&pound71=335&shilling71=0&pence71=0&amount=335&year_source=1851&year_result=2008 | archive-date=29 April 2009 | url-status=dead }}</ref> When Anderssen and Szén found they were to play each other, they agreed that, if either won the tournament, the other would receive one-third of the prize; this does not appear to have been considered in any way unethical.<ref name="StauntonLondon1851" />

Although most chess books regard [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] as the first true world champion,<ref name="Fine1952WorldsGreatChessGames">{{cite book | author=Fine, R. | title=The World's Great Chess Games | year=1976
 | publisher=Dover|pages=14–17}}</ref> one of the organizers of the [[London 1851 chess tournament|1851 London International Tournament]] had said the contest was for "the baton of the World's Chess Champion".<ref name="Spinrad2006EarlyWorldRankings">{{cite web | url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad06.pdf | title=Early World Rankings | year=2006 | author=Spinrad, J.P. | publisher=chesscafe.com | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080625170732/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad06.pdf| archive-date= 25 June 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> In fact Anderssen was not described as "the world champion", but the tournament established Anderssen as the world's leading chess player.<ref name="Fine1952WorldsGreatChessGames" /> The London Chess Club, which had fallen out with Staunton and his colleagues, organised a tournament that was played a month later and included several players who had competed in the International Tournament. The result was the same – Anderssen won.<ref name="storiascacchiTorneiAl1879" />

===Morphy match, 1858===
[[Image:PaulmorphyHair.jpg|thumb | right | 150px | [[Paul Morphy]] defeated all opposition in 1858.]]
Opportunities for tournament play remained rare, and Anderssen was reluctant to travel far because of the expense.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} <!-- previously this was cited in Fine's book, but I don't see it there -- User:Adpete --> In his one recorded tournament between 1851 and 1862, a one-game-per-round [[Single-elimination tournament|knock-out tournament]] at [[Manchester]] in 1857, he was eliminated in the second round.<ref name="storiascacchiTorneiAl1879" />  Then in late 1858, he was beaten 8–3 by the American champion [[Paul Morphy]] in a famous match held in Paris, France (two wins, two [[draw (chess)|draws]], seven losses).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/v$m$$mix.htm | title=Morphy Matches| access-date=17 June 2008 }} from Mark Weeks' Chess Pages</ref> Although Anderssen knew as well as anyone how to attack, Morphy understood much better when to attack and how to prepare an attack. Morphy had recently scored equally convincing wins in matches against other top-class players: [[Johann Löwenthal]], the Rev. [[John Owen (chess player)|John Owen]] and [[Daniel Harrwitz]].<ref name="FineMorphy">{{cite book | author=Fine, R. | title=The World's Great Chess Games | year=1976 | publisher=Dover|page=21}}</ref> Morphy returned to the United States in 1859, however, and soon afterwards announced his retirement from serious chess, making Anderssen once again the strongest active player.<ref name="Draper1963DoesAgeAffectMasterChess" />

Anderssen played the curious opening move 1.a3 in three games of his match against Morphy, and broke even with it (one loss, one draw, one win).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1019039 | title=Anderssen vs Morphy, Paris 1858, game 6 | access-date=17 June 2008 }} {{cite web | url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1019043 | title=Anderssen vs Morphy, Paris 1858, game 8 | access-date=17 June 2008 }} {{cite web | url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1019048 | title=Anderssen vs Morphy, Paris 1858, game 10 | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080712205707/http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1019048| archive-date= 12 July 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> This opening move, now referred to as [[Anderssen's Opening]], has never been popular in serious competition.<ref name="Schiller2002UnorthodoxOpenings">{{cite book | author=[[Eric Schiller]] | year=2002 | edition=Second | title=Unorthodox Chess Openings | publisher=Cardoza | isbn=1-58042-072-9 }}</ref>

===Other games 1851–1862===
Shortly after the 1851 London International Tournament, Anderssen played his two most famous games, both {{chessgloss|friendly game|casual}} encounters which he won by [[combination (chess)|combinations]] that involved several [[Sacrifice (chess)|sacrifices]]. In the first, as White against [[Lionel Kieseritzky]] in London on 21 June 1851, just after the International Tournament (1851) and now called the "[[Immortal Game]]", he sacrificed a bishop, both rooks and finally his queen.<ref name="chessgamesImmortal Game">{{cite web | url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1018910 | title=Adolf Anderssen vs Lionel Kieseritzky, 1851, King's Gambit Accepted – The "Immortal Game"  | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080607235504/http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1018910| archive-date= 7 June 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> In the second, played in Berlin in 1852 as White against [[Jean Dufresne]] and now called the "[[Evergreen Game]]", the total sacrifice was more modest, but still exceeded a [[queen (chess)|queen]] and a [[minor piece]].<ref name="chessgamesEvergreenGame">{{cite web | url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1018961 | title=Adolf Anderssen vs Jean Dufresne, Berlin 1852, Evans Gambit – The "Evergreen Game"  | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080714034402/http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1018961| archive-date= 14 July 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

After the match with Morphy, Anderssen played two matches against [[Ignác Kolisch]], one of the leading players of the time, who later became a wealthy banker and patron of chess.<ref name="chessmetricsProfileKolisch">{{cite web | url=http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S067035000000111000000000016610100  | access-date=17 June 2008 | title=Chessmetrics Player Profile: Ignatz Kolisch }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia | last1=Singer | first1=Isidore | author1-link=Isidore Singer | last2=Porter | first2=A. | year=1901–1906 | encyclopedia=[[Jewish Encyclopedia]] | contribution=Kolisch, Baron Ignaz Von | contribution-url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=343&letter=K | volume=7 | page=547}}</ref> Anderssen drew their match in 1860 and narrowly won in 1861 (5/9; won four, drew two, lost three; Kolisch was ahead at the half-way stage).<ref name="storiascacchiMatches1850To1864" />

===London 1862===
Anderssen won the [[London 1862 chess tournament]], the first international [[round-robin tournament]] (in which each participant plays a game against each of the others) with a score of twelve wins out of thirteen games. He lost only one game, to the Rev. [[John Owen (chess player)|John Owen]],<ref name="chessmetricsProfileJohnOwen">A very strong player who had a long career; 1862 was his most successful year: {{cite web | url=http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S003629000000111000000000001310100 | title=Chessmetrics Player Profile: John Owen  | access-date=17 June 2008 }}</ref> and finished two&nbsp;points ahead of [[Louis Paulsen]], who had the best playing record in the early 1860s.<ref name="WeeksLondon1862" /><ref name="chessmetricsProfileLouisPaulsen">{{cite web | url=http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100 | title=Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen  | access-date=17 June 2008 }}</ref> Morphy had retired from chess at this time, so Anderssen was again generally regarded as the world's leading active player.<ref name="Draper1963DoesAgeAffectMasterChess">{{cite journal 
| title=Does Age Affect Master Chess? | author=Draper, N.R. 
| journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 
| volume=126 | issue=1 | year=1963| pages=120–127 
| jstor=2982450 
| doi=10.2307/2982450 
}}</ref>

Shortly after the tournament, he played a match against tournament runner-up Paulsen, ending in a draw (3 wins, 3 losses, 2 draws).<ref>[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/w2ap$mix.htm World Chess Championship : 1862 Anderssen vs. Paulsen]</ref> In 1864, he drew another match (3 wins, 3 losses, and 2 draws) against [[Berthold Suhle]],<ref name="storiascacchiMatches1850To1864" /> who was a strong player and respected chess writer.<ref>In collaboration with [[Gustav Neumann]], see the "Lehrbücher" ("textbooks") section of {{cite web | url=http://www.ballo.de/1844-1945,_b.htm | title=Schachliteratur 1844–1945 | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121220422/http://www.ballo.de/1844-1945,_b.htm | archive-date=21 January 2008 | url-status=dead }} [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] respected their work, see his review of Wormald's "''The Chess Openings''" quoted at {{cite web | url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter15.html | title=Chess Notes Archive 15 | author=Winter, E. | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509083517/http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter15.html | archive-date=9 May 2008 | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Steinitz match, 1866===
[[Image:Steinitz1866.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Wilhelm Steinitz]] in 1866]]

In 1866, Anderssen lost a close match with 30-year-old [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] (six wins, eight losses, and no draws; Steinitz won the last two games).<ref name="Matches1865To1879" /> Although Steinitz is now known for inventing the {{chessgloss|positional play|positional}} approach to chess and demonstrating its superiority, the 1866 match was played in the attack-at-all-costs style of the 1850s and 1860s.<ref name="SilmanSteinitz">{{cite web
 |title=Wilhelm Steinitz 
 |url=http://www.jeremysilman.com/chess_history/grt_plyr_w_steinitz.html 
 |author=Silman, J. 
 |publisher=Jeremy Silman 
 |access-date=17 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619024745/http://www.jeremysilman.com/chess_history/grt_plyr_w_steinitz.html 
 |archive-date=19 June 2008 |url-status=dead 
}} Has several examples of Steinitz testing his theories in top-class play.</ref> This is generally seen as the point at which Steinitz succeeded Anderssen as the world's leading active player. Although ideas of a contest for the world championship had been floating around since the 1840s,<ref name="Spinrad2006EarlyWorldRankings" /> the 1866 Anderssen–Steinitz match was not defined as being for the world championship, and many were opposed to the claim of such a title while Morphy was retired from chess and still alive.  Furthermore, Anderssen remained dominant both in top tournaments and in personal matches against Zukertort until 1871.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Centenary Match, Kasparov–Karpov III | author=[[Raymond Keene]] and David Goodman | year=1986| pages=1–2 }}</ref>

===1866–1879===
By this time tournaments were becoming more frequent, and the round-robin format was adopted.  At the same time, Anderssen, after losing the match to Morphy in 1858 and to Steinitz in 1866, rededicated himself to chess, particularly studying both [[Chess endgame|endgames]] and positional play.  The result was that Anderssen, in his early fifties, was playing the finest chess of his career.  As a result, Anderssen compiled a very successful tournament record in the late stages of his career: five first places, two second places, two third places; and a sixth place in the final year of his life, when his health was failing.<ref name="storiascacchiTorneiAl1879" /><ref name="endgameNLWorldExhibitions" /> One of his first places was ahead of Steinitz, [[Gustav Neumann]], [[Joseph Henry Blackburne]], [[Louis Paulsen]] and several other very strong players at the [[Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament]]. In terms of the number of leading players present, this could be regarded as one of the top 20 tournaments ever.<ref name="sympaticoStrongest Tournaments">{{cite web|url=http://www3.sympatico.ca/g.giffen/tournaments.htm |title=The Strongest Tournaments in Chess History |access-date=17 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502142528/http://www3.sympatico.ca/g.giffen/tournaments.htm |archive-date=2 May 2007 }}</ref><ref name="chessmetricsFormulas">{{cite web | url=http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/Formulas.asp?Params=199510SS0SS3S000000000000111000000000000010100#ClassExplanation | title=Formulas | access-date=17 June 2008 }}</ref> One of Anderssen's third places was at the strong [[Vienna 1873 chess tournament|Vienna 1873 tournament]], when he was 55. About half of Anderssen's tournament successes came at championships of the different regional German Chess Federations; but these were open to all nationalities, and most of them had a few top&nbsp;ten or even top&nbsp;five competitors.<ref name="storiascacchiTorneiAl1879" /> Anderssen usually beat Zukertort in matches, but his dominance came to an end in 1871.

The Leipzig 1877 tournament was organised in his honour and named the "Anderssen-Feier" (Anderssen Celebration);<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZjIENcRpNUC&q=Anderssen-Feier&pg=PR5 "Anderssen-Feier", Deutsche Schachzeitung, 1877]</ref> Anderssen finished second in the tournament behind Louis Paulsen.

Still at Leipzig, Anderssen lost a match against tournament winner Louis Paulsen (three wins, one draw, and five losses). Matches were Anderssen's relative weakness; his only match win in this period was in 1868, against the 26-year-old [[Johann Zukertort]] (eight wins, one draw, and three losses).<ref name="Matches1865To1879" />

==Assessment==

===Playing strength and style===
[[Image:AdolphAnderssen.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Adolf Anderssen in later life]]
Anderssen was very successful in European tournaments from 1851 to early 1878, taking first prize in over half of the events in which he played.<ref name="storiascacchiTorneiAl1879" /> His only recorded tournament failures were a one-game-per-round knock-out event in 1857 and sixth place at Paris 1878 when his health was failing and he had only about a year to live.<ref name="storiascacchiTorneiAl1879" /><ref name="endgameNLWorldExhibitions" /> His match record was much weaker: out of the 12 that he played, he won only two, drew four and lost six.
<!-- The following is inconsistent with what Fine says 2 paragraphs earlier about A's haphazard approach to development and failure to understand why Morphy won. But Fine had just written the section on Staunton, whom he found totally unimpressive. -->
Although outclassed by Morphy, and to a lesser extent by Steinitz, Anderssen has been called the first modern chess master.<ref>"The World's Great Chess Games", [[Reuben Fine]], McKay 1976, p.17</ref>

[[Arpad Elo]], inventor of the [[Elo rating system]], retroactively calculated ratings through history, and estimated that Anderssen was the first player with a rating over 2600.<ref>{{Cite book
|last=Elo|first=Arpad|author-link=Arpad Elo
|title=The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present
|year=1978
|page=191
|publisher=Arco
|isbn= 0-668-04721-6
}}
</ref> [[Chessmetrics]] ranks Anderssen as one of the top two players for most of the period from 1859 to 1873, and as the strongest player in the world seven months distributed between 1860 and 1870.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S003629000000111000000000001310100 | title=Chessmetrics Player Profile: Adolf Anderssen | access-date=17 June 2008 }}</ref>

Steinitz rated Anderssen as one of the two greatest attacking players of his time: "We all may learn from Morphy and Anderssen how to conduct a {{chessgloss|kingside|king's-side}} attack, and perhaps I myself may not have learnt enough."<ref name="WinterSteinitzQuotes">{{cite web | url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/steinitz.html | title=Steinitz Quotes | author=Winter, E. | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080509063357/http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/steinitz.html| archive-date= 9 May 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Although Anderssen is regarded as a member of the "heroic" attacking school,<ref name="Spinrad2006Bledow" /> he was not in favour of mindless aggression, for example he said: "Move that one of your pieces, which is in the worst plight, unless you can satisfy yourself that you can derive immediate advantage by an attack",<ref>{{cite book | title=Manual of Chess | author=Emanuel Lasker | url=http://www.exeterchessclub.org.uk/quotes.html | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080524182118/http://www.exeterchessclub.org.uk/quotes.html| archive-date= 24 May 2008 | url-status= dead }}</ref> a principle more recently labelled "[[Vladimir Makogonov|Makogonov]]'s rule".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.chessdevon.co.uk/HTML/archives/chessbase/Arch13/base.htm | title=The secret weapons of the champions | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828030946/http://www.chessdevon.co.uk/HTML/archives/chessbase/Arch13/base.htm | archive-date=28 August 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref> According to Fine, his approach to {{chessgloss|development}} was haphazard and he totally failed to understand why Morphy won.<ref name="Fine1952WorldsGreatChessGames" />

Anderssen's home town was so proud of him that in 1865 [[University of Wrocław|Breslau University]] awarded him an honorary doctorate.<ref name="Fine1952WorldsGreatChessGames" />

===Influence on chess===
[[File:Lasker, Emanuel - DPLA - bdb8fd5cff24c8359b4a5aaeeeb421ba.jpg|thumb|Anderssen (below, far left) depicted with other leading players]]

Due to the perceived beauty of its attacking style, some of Anderssen's games, such as the [[Immortal Game]] and the [[Evergreen Game]], are among the most famous in chess history.

The "heroic" attacking school of play to which Anderssen belonged was eclipsed by Steinitz' positional approach – by 1894 it was generally acknowledged that the only way to beat Steinitz was to apply Steinitz' principles.<ref name="NYTimes1894PreSteinitzLasker">{{cite journal | journal=New York Times | date=11 March 1894 | title=Ready for a big chess match | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/03/11/106900358.pdf  | access-date=17 June 2008 }}</ref>

Anderssen has had a more enduring influence on [[chess problem]] composition. He started composing in the last years of the "Old School", whose compositions were fairly similar to realistic {{chessgloss|over-the-board}} positions and featured spectacular {{chessprobgloss|key}} moves, multiple [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrifices]] and few variations.<ref name="Howard1970PioneerComposers" /> He was one of the most skillful composers of his time, and his work forms an early stage of the "Transition Period", between the mid-1840s and the early 1860s, when many of the basic problem ideas were discovered, the requirement for game-like positions was abandoned and the introduction of composing competitions (the first of which was in 1854) forced judges to decide on what features were the most desirable in a problem.<ref name="WeeninkChessProblem" />

Outside the field of chess problems, Anderssen was not a prolific author. He edited the magazine ''Schachzeitung der Berliner Schachgesellschaft'' (later called ''[[Deutsche Schachzeitung]]'') from 1846 to 1865, however, and was co-editor with Gustav Neumann of ''Neue Berliner Schachzeitung'' from 1864 to 1867.<ref name="sympaticoChessPeriodicals"/>

===Personality===
{{quote box
|align=right
|width=33%
|quote= It is impossible to keep one's excellence in a glass case, like a jewel, and take it out whenever it is required. 
|source=Adolf Anderssen, 1858<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Howard Staunton]]|date=1871|title=Chess Praxis, a Supplement to the Chess Player's Handbook|publisher=G. Bell & Daldy|url=https://archive.org/details/chesspraxisasup01staugoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/chesspraxisasup01staugoog/page/n523 502]
}} (quoting a contemporary interview with [[Max Lange]])</ref>}}
Steinitz wrote: "Anderssen was honest and honourable to the core. Without fear or favour he straightforwardly gave his opinion, and his sincere disinterestedness became so patent....that his word alone was usually sufficient to quell disputes...for he had often given his decision in favour of a rival..."<ref name="batgirlAnderssen" /> On the other hand, [[Reuben Fine]], a 20th-century player, wrote, "There is a curious contrast between his over-the-board brilliance and his uninspired safety-first attitude in everyday affairs."<ref name="Fine1952WorldsGreatChessGames" />

==Death==
Anderssen died on 13 March 1879, in his home town. The ''[[Deutsche Schachzeitung]]'' noted his death in 1879 with a nineteen-page obituary. His cause of death was a heart attack.<ref name="WallProfileAnderssen" /> Bombing raids during World War II damaged his grave in Breslau. After the war, the city became part of Poland and is now known under its Polish name [[Wrocław]]. In 1957, the [[Polish Chess Federation]] decided to re-bury Anderssen in a new grave at the [[Osobowice Cemetery]].<ref>For a picture of his grave, see {{cite web | publisher=Ken Whyld Association | url=http://www.kwabc.org/Homepage-UK/breslau.htm | access-date=19 November 2008 | title=At the grave of Adolf Anderssen | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215082016/http://www.kwabc.org/Homepage-UK/breslau.htm | archive-date=15 February 2012 }} The source for the date of the reburying is ''SchachReport'', no. 9/1995, p.74</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Tournament results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto;"
|-
! Date !! Location !! Place !! Score !! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| 1851 || align=left| [[London 1851 chess tournament|London International Tournament]] || 1 || 15/21 || align=left | Ahead of [[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]], [[Elijah Williams (chess player)|Elijah Williams]], [[Howard Staunton]], [[József Szén]], [[Hugh Alexander Kennedy]], [[Bernhard Horwitz]], [[Henry Edward Bird]], [[Lionel Kieseritzky]], [[Carl Mayet]], [[Johann Löwenthal]], [[Edward Löwe]], Alfred Brodie, James Mucklow, Samuel Newham and E.S. Kennedy.<br />A knock-out tournament in which the contestants played mini-matches in each round, increasing from best-of-3 in the 1st round to best-of-8 in the final. Anderssen himself beat Kieseritzky, Szen, Staunton and Wyvill – his closest mini-match was +4−2=1 in the final against Wyvill.<ref name="WeeksLondon1851" />
|-
| 1851 || align=left| London Chess Club Tournament || 1 || 7½/8 || align=left | Ahead of Karl Meyerhofer, [[Daniel Harrwitz]], [[Frederick Deacon]], Kieseritzky, Horwitz, Szabo, Löwe and Ehrmann. Apparently intended to be round-robin, but the weaker players quickly dropped out.
|-
| 1857 || align=left| [[Manchester]] ([[British Chess Championship|British Chess Association]]) || 3/4 || 1/2 || align=left | 8-player knock-out tournament in which the contestants played just 1 game in each round. Anderssen beat Harrwitz in the 1st round, and lost to Löwenthal in the 2nd round. Löwenthal drew the final against [[Samuel Boden]], then Boden retired.
|-
| 1862 || align=left| [[London 1862 chess tournament|London International Tournament]] || 1 || 12/13 || align=left | Ahead of [[Louis Paulsen]], (11/13), [[John Owen (chess player)|Rev. Owen]] (10/13), [[George Alcock MacDonnell]], [[Serafino Dubois]], [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] and 8 others.<ref name="WeeksLondon1862" /><br />One of the first successful round-robin tournaments.
|-
| 1868 || align=left| [[Aachen]] ([[German Chess Championship|West German Chess Federation]]) || 1= || 3/4 <br>then 0/1 || align=left | Anderssen and [[Max Lange]] tied for 1st; the order after the playoff was (1) Lange, (2) Anderssen; all finished ahead of [[Wilfried Paulsen]], [[Johannes Zukertort]] and [[Emil Schallopp]]. 
|-
| 1869 || align=left| [[Hamburg]] ([[German Chess Championship|North German Chess Federation]]) || 1= || 4/5 <br>then 1½/2 || align=left | Anderssen and Louis Paulsen tied for 1st; the order after the playoff was (1) Anderssen, (2) Paulsen; all finished ahead of Zukertort, [[Johannes von Minckwitz]], Schallopp and Alexander Alexander.
|-
| 1869 || align=left| [[Barmen]] ([[German Chess Championship|West German Chess Federation]]) || 1 || 5/5 || align=left | Ahead of Zukertort, von Minckwitz, Schallopp and Wilfried Paulsen and Richard Hein.
|-
| 1870 || align=left| [[Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament|Baden-Baden International Tournament]] || 1 || 11/18 || align=left | Ahead of Steinitz, [[Gustav Neumann]], [[Joseph Henry Blackburne]], Louis Paulsen, [[Cecil Valentine De Vere]], [[Szymon Winawer]], [[Samuel Rosenthal]], von Minckwitz and [[Adolf Stern (chess player)|Adolf Stern]].
|-
| 1871 || align=left| [[Krefeld]] ([[German Chess Championship|West German Chess Federation]]) || 1= || 4/5 <br>then 1/2 || align=left | Anderssen, von Minckwitz and Louis Paulsen tied for 1st; the order after the playoff was (1) Paulsen, (2) Anderssen, (3) Minckwitz; all finished ahead of [[Karl Pitschel]], [[Carl Göring]] and Wilfried Paulsen. 
|-
| 1871 || align=left| [[Leipzig]] ([[German Chess Championship|Central German Chess Federation]]) || 1= || 4½/5 then 1/1 || align=left | Anderssen and [[Samuel Mieses]] tied for 1st; then Anderssen won a playoff game. 
|-
| 1872 || align=left| [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] ([[German Chess Championship|North German Chess Federation]]) || 1 || 3½/4 || align=left | Ahead of Neumann, Göring, Schallopp and Pitschel.
|-
| 1873 || align=left| [[Vienna 1873 chess tournament|Vienna International Tournament]] || 3 || 8½/11: 19/30 || align=left | Behind Steinitz (10/11: 22½/25) and Blackburne; ahead of Rosenthal (7½/11: 17/28), Louis Paulsen, [[Henry Edward Bird]], [[Max Fleissig]], Josef Heral, [[Philipp Meitner]], [[Oscar Gelbfuhs]], [[Adolf Schwarz]] and Pitschel.<br />This tournament had a very unusual scoring system: each player played a 3-game mini-match with each of the others and scored 1 for a won mini-match and ½ for a drawn mini-match. The numbers before the colons (:) are the points awarded; the other 2 numbers are the usual "games won / games played" scoring.
|-
| 1876 || align=left| [[Leipzig]] ([[German Chess Championship|Central German Chess Federation]]) || 1= || 3½/5 then 2/2 || align=left | Anderssen, Goering and Pitschel tied for 1st; the order after the playoff was (1) Anderssen, (2=) Goering and Pitschel; all finished ahead of Louis Paulsen, Schallopp and Carl Berber.
|-
| 1877 || align=left| [[Leipzig]] ([[German Chess Championship|Central German Chess Federation]])|| 2= || 8½/11 || align=left | Behind Louis Paulsen (9/11); tied with Zukertort (8½/11); ahead of Winawer (7½/11), Goering, [[Berthold Englisch]], Schallopp and 5 others. This tournament was specially arranged to honour the 50th anniversary of Anderssen's learning the chess moves.
|-
| 1878 || align=left| [[Frankfurt]] ([[German Chess Championship|West German Chess Federation]]) || 3 || 6/9 || align=left | Behind Louis Paulsen (8/9) and Adolf Schwarz (6½/9); ahead of von Minckwitz (5/9), Wilfried Paulsen (4½/9) and 5 others.
|-
| 1878 || align=left| [[Paris 1878 chess tournament|Paris International Tournament]] || 6 || 12½/22 || align=left | Anderssen was in poor health.<ref name="endgameNLWorldExhibitions" /> The event was won by Winawer and Zukertort. 
|- class=sortbottom
!scope=row colspan=5 | Sources:<ref name="WallProfileAnderssen">{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/siliconvalley/lab/7378/andersse.htm |title=Adolf Anderssen (1818–1879) |access-date=17 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026151549/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/andersse.htm |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="WeeksLondon1851">{{cite web | url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/v1lon-ix.htm | title=1851 London Tournament | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080617180625/http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/v1lon-ix.htm| archive-date= 17 June 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="storiascacchiTorneiAl1879">{{cite web | url=http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/tornei/pagine/itorneifino1880.htm | title=I tornei di scacchi fino al 1879 | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-date=16 December 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216145235/http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/tornei/pagine/itorneifino1880.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="WeeksLondon1862">{{cite web | url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/w2lon-ix.htm | title=1862 London Tournament | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080617180630/http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/w2lon-ix.htm| archive-date= 17 June 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="endgameNLWorldExhibitions">{{cite web|url=http://www.endgame.nl/wfairs.htm |title=World Exhibitions |access-date=17 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619170844/http://www.endgame.nl/wfairs.htm |archive-date=19 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="sympatico19thCentMatchesTournaments">{{cite web|url=http://www3.sympatico.ca/g.giffen/19thcent.htm |title=Major Chess Matches and Tournaments of the 19th century |access-date=17 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704233634/http://www3.sympatico.ca/g.giffen/19thcent.htm |archive-date=4 July 2009 }}</ref><ref name="ScoresRomanticEra">{{cite web | url=http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~spin/chessmatches.html | title=Scores of various important chess results from the Romantic era | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080528014326/http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~spin/chessmatches.html| archive-date= 28 May 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>
|}

==Match results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto;"
|-
! Date !! Opponent !! Result !! class="unsortable" | Location !! class="unsortable" colspan="2"|Score !! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| 1845 || [[Ludwig Bledow]] || Lost || [[Breslau]] || ½/5 || +0=1–4 || align=left | Sources vary about the score.<ref name="Spinrad2006Bledow" />
|-
| 1845–1846 || [[Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa|Tassilo von der Lasa]] || Lost || [[Breslau]] || 2/6 || +2=0–4 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1848 || [[Daniel Harrwitz]] || Drew || [[Breslau]] || 5/10 || +5=0–5 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1851 || [[Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa|Tassilo von der Lasa]] || Lost || [[Breslau]] || 5/15 || +?=?–? || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1851 || [[Karl Pitschel]] || Drew || [[Leipzig]] || 2/4 || +1=2–1 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1851 || [[Jean Dufresne]] || Won || Berlin || 13/18 || +12=2–4 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1851 || [[Ernst Falkbeer]] || Won || Berlin || 4/5 || +4=0–1 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1851 || [[Carl Mayet]] || Won || Berlin || 4/4 || +4=0–0 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1851 || [[Eduard Jenay]] || Won || London || 4½/8 || +?=?–? || align=left | Casual games
|-
| 1851 || [[Lionel Kieseritzky]] || Won || London || 6/16 || +5=2–4 || align=left | Casual games
|-
| 1851 || [[Johann Löwenthal]] || Won || London || 5½/8 || +5=1–2 || align=left | Casual games; sources give also separate results:<br> +5–1, +5–2, and +5–4 for Anderssen, and +4=1–3 for Löwenthal <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m225.html |title=Edo Ratings, Anderssen (Offhand) – Lowenthal, J.J. 1851 |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918131719/http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m225.html |archive-date=18 September 2011 }}</ref>
|-
| 1858 || [[Daniel Harrwitz]] || Won || Paris || 4/6 || +3=2–1 || align=left | Sources give also separate results:<br> +3=3–1 and +2=2–1 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m402.html|title = Edo Ratings, Anderssen, K.E.A. – Harrwitz, D. 1858}}</ref>
|-
| 1858 || [[Paul Morphy]] || Lost || Paris || 3/11 || +2=2–7 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1858 || [[Paul Morphy]] || Lost || Paris || 1/6 || +1=0−5 || align=left | Casual games
|-
| 1859 || [[Max Lange]] || Lost || [[Breslau]] || 3½/8 || +3=1–4 || align=left | Casual games
|-
| 1859 || [[Carl Mayet]] || Won || Berlin || 7/8 || +7=0–1 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1859 || [[Jean Dufresne]] || Won || Berlin || 4/4 || +4=0–0 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1859 || [[Berthold Suhle]] || Won || Berlin || 31/48 || +27=8–13 || align=left | Casual games
|-
| 1860 || [[Philipp Hirschfeld]] || Won || Berlin || 16½/29 || +14=5–10 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1860 || [[Ignatz von Kolisch]] || Drew || Paris || 5½/11 || +5=1–5 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1860 || [[Paul Journoud]] || Won || Paris || 3½/5 || +3=1–1 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1860 || [[Jules Arnous de Rivière]] || Drew || Paris || 2½/5 || +2=1–2 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1861 || [[Ignatz von Kolisch]] || Won || London || 5/9 || +4=2–3 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1861 || [[Johann Löwenthal]] || Won || London || 2/3 || +2=0–1 || align=left | Casual games
|-
| 1862 || [[Louis Paulsen]] || Drew || London || 4/8 || +3=2–3 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1862 || [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] || Won || London || 2/3 || +2=0–1 || align=left | Casual games
|-
| 1864 || [[Berthold Suhle]] || Drew || Berlin || 4/8 || +3=2–3 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1865 || [[Carl Mayet]] || Won || Berlin || 5½/8 || +5=1–2 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1866 || [[Johannes Minckwitz]] || Won || Berlin || 8½/12 || +8=1–3 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1866 || [[Gustav Neumann]] || Lost || Berlin || 10/24 || +9=2–13 || align=left | 
|-
| 1866 || [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] || Lost || London || 6/14 || +6=0–8 || align=left | 
|-
| 1867 || [[Samuel Mieses]] || Won || [[Breslau]] || 4½/5 || +4=1–0 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1868 || [[Johannes Zukertort]] || Won || Berlin || 8½/12 || +8=1–3 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1870 || [[Louis Paulsen]] || Lost || [[Baden-Baden]] || ½/3 || +0=1–2 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1871 || [[Johannes Zukertort]] || Lost || Berlin || 2/7 || +2=0–5 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1876 || [[Louis Paulsen]] || Lost || [[Leipzig]] || 4½/10 || +4=1–5 || align=left | &nbsp;
|-
| 1877 || [[Louis Paulsen]] || Lost || [[Leipzig]] || 3½/9 || +3=1–5 || align=left | &nbsp;
|- class=sortbottom
!scope=row colspan=7 |Sources:<ref name="WallProfileAnderssen" /><ref name="Spinrad2006Bledow">{{cite web | url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad11.pdf | author=Spinrad, J.P. | title=Ludwig Erdmann Bledow | publisher=chesscafe.com | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080625170734/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad11.pdf| archive-date= 25 June 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="storiascacchiMatchesTo1849">{{cite web | url=http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/matches/fino1849.htm | title=I grandi matches fino al 1849 | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-date=12 November 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112222821/http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/matches/fino1849.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="storiascacchiMatches1850To1864">{{cite web | url=http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/matches/1850-64.htm | title=I grandi matches 1850–1864 | access-date=17 June 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080516084135/http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/matches/1850-64.htm| archive-date= 16 May 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="sympatico19thCentMatchesTournaments" /><ref name="ScoresRomanticEra"/><ref name="Matches1865To1879 ">{{cite web | url=http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/matches/1865-79.htm | title=I matches 1865/79 | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-date=12 November 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112222731/http://xoomer.alice.it/cserica/scacchi/storiascacchi/matches/1865-79.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Jakov Neistadt, ''Shakhmaty do Steinitza'', pp. 126−177, Fizkultura i sport, Moskwa 1961 (Russian edition)</ref><ref name="Gino Di Felice2004Chess Results,1747–1900">{{cite web | url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/review466.pdf | author=Taylor Kingston | title=Don't Bet the Farm | publisher=chesscafe.com  | access-date=26 June 2010 }}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of chess games]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* ''The World's Great Chess Games'' by [[Reuben Fine]]; Dover; 1983. {{ISBN|0-486-24512-8}}
* {{Cite book
 | last1=Hooper | first1=David | author-link=David Vincent Hooper
 | last2=Whyld | first2=Kenneth | author-link2=Kenneth Whyld
 | year=1992 | title=[[The Oxford Companion to Chess]] | edition=2nd
 | publisher=Oxford University Press
 | isbn=0-19-280049-3
 }}
*{{Cite book
|last=Kasparov|first=Garry|author-link=Garry Kasparov
|year=2003
|title=[[My Great Predecessors]], Part I
|publisher = [[Everyman Chess]]
|isbn= 1-85744-330-6
}} Some material on Anderssen in the first chapter.
* {{Cite book
|last=von Gottschall|first=Hermann |author-link=Hermann von Gottschall
|orig-year=reprint of 1912 edition |year=2006
|title=Adolf Anderssen, der Altmeister deutscher Schachspielkunst
|publisher = Elibron Classics
|isbn= 0-543-77333-7
}} Classical standard biography on Anderssen (only in German).
* ''World Chess Champions'' by [[Edward G. Winter]], editor. 1981. {{ISBN|0-08-024094-1}}.

==External links==
* {{chessgames player|id=10342}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616194018/http://www.anderssen.dzszach.pl/ Anderssen Memorial Tournament]
* [http://www.geocities.com/siliconvalley/lab/7378/andersse.htm Anderssen's matches] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20091026151549/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/andersse.htm Archived] 2009-10-24; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028083239/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/andersse.htm |date=28 October 2009 }})

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderssen, Adolf}}
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1879 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century German chess players]]
[[Category:19th-century German sportsmen]]
[[Category:Chess composers]]
[[Category:Chess players from Wrocław]]
[[Category:German chess writers]]
[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Silesia]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from the Kingdom of Prussia]]
[[Category:University of Breslau alumni]]