View source for Adrienne Clarkson

{{Short description|Governor General of Canada from 1999 to 2005}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = Adrienne Clarkson
| native_name         = {{nobold|伍冰枝}}
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CC|CMM|COM|CD|FRSC(hon)|FRAIC(hon)|FRCPSC(hon)|size=100%}}
| image               = GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg
| alt                 = 
| caption             = Clarkson in 2011
| order               = 26th
| office              = Governor General of Canada
| term_start          = October 7, 1999
| term_end            = September 27, 2005
| monarch             = [[Elizabeth II]]
| predecessor         = [[Roméo LeBlanc]]
| successor           = [[Michaëlle Jean]]
| primeminister       = {{unbulleted list| [[Jean Chrétien]]| [[Paul Martin]]}}
| birth_name          = Adrienne Louise Poy
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1939|2|10}}
| birth_place         = [[Victoria, Hong Kong|Victoria]], [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
| spouse              = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Stephen Clarkson]]|1963|1975|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[John Ralston Saul]]|1999}}}}
| father              = [[William Poy]]
| children            = 3
| alma_mater          = {{plainlist|
* [[Trinity College, Toronto|Trinity College]], [[University of Toronto|Toronto]]
* [[University of Paris]]
}}
| profession          = Journalist
|module       = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes|hide=no
| c            = 伍冰枝
| p           = Wǔ Bīngzhī
| j = Ng<sup>5</sup> Bing<sup>1</sup>-zi<sup>1</sup>}}
}}

'''Adrienne Louise Clarkson''' ({{lang-zh|c=伍冰枝}}; {{née|'''Poy'''}}; born February 10, 1939) is a Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as the 26th [[governor general of Canada]] from 1999 to 2005.

Clarkson arrived in Canada with her family in 1941, as a [[refugee]] from [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|Japanese-occupied Hong Kong]], and was raised in [[Ottawa]]. After receiving a number of university degrees, Clarkson worked as a producer and broadcaster for the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC) and a journalist for various magazines. Her first diplomatic posting came in the early 1980s, when she promoted [[Ontario|Ontarian]] culture in [[France]] and other [[Europe]]an countries. In 1999, she was appointed [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] by Queen [[Elizabeth II]], on the recommendation of [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Jean Chrétien]], to replace [[Roméo LeBlanc]] as [[viceroy]], a post which she occupied until 2005, when she was succeeded by [[Michaëlle Jean]]. While Clarkson's appointment as the Canadian vicereine was generally welcomed at first, she caused some controversy during her time serving as the Queen's representative, mostly due to costs incurred in the operation of her office, as well as a somewhat anti-monarchist attitude toward the position.

On October 3, 2005, Clarkson was sworn into the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=council-conseil&doc=members-membres/chronolog-eng.htm#2001-2010| last=Privy Council Office| author-link=Privy Council Office (Canada)| title=Information Resources > Current Chronological List of Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada > 2001 –| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| date=October 30, 2008| access-date=February 27, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215221747/http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=council-conseil&doc=members-membres%2Fchronolog-eng.htm#2001-2010| archive-date=February 15, 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref>  She subsequently published her memoirs, founded the Institute for Canadian Citizenship, and became Colonel-in-Chief of [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]].

==Early life and education==
Clarkson is a [[Chinese Canadian]] whose [[Ancestral home (China)|ancestry]] lies from the [[Taishanese people|Taishanese]] (paternal line) and [[Hakka people|Hakka]] (maternal line) peoples in [[Guangdong]], China.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://history.sina.com.cn/bk/lszh/2015-03-23/1755117780.shtml| title=From "small refugee" to the first Chinese Canadian| date=March 23, 2015| publisher=Sina| access-date=July 24, 2016}}>/ref></ref> Her paternal grandfather ({{lang-zh|first=j|labels=no|c=伍培 |j=ng5 pui4|p=Wǔ Péi}}) immigrated in the late 19th century to [[Chiltern, Victoria|Chiltern]], Australia. There, he operated a general store called ''Willie Ah Poy Fruitier and Confectioner'', ''Ah Poy'' being his name in the [[Vocative case|vocative]], based on the [[Taishanese]] pronunciation, and what Australian immigration officials heard Poy enunciate in response to their request for his name.<ref>{{cite book| last=Clarkson| first=Adrienne| title=Heart Matters| publisher=Penguin Group Canada| date=September 12, 2006| location=Toronto| page=[https://archive.org/details/heartmattersmemo0000clar_g7p5/page/32 32]| isbn=0-670-06546-3| url=https://archive.org/details/heartmattersmemo0000clar_g7p5/page/32}}</ref> Poy's first son, [[William Poy|William]], was born in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] but was later sent back to Taishan, from where he made his way to [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]. There, he worked with his father for the [[Government of Canada|Canadian government]] and met and married Ethel Poy, with whom he had two children: [[Neville Poy|Neville]], born October 29, 1934, and Adrienne, born February 10, 1939. The elder went on to become a plastic surgeon in [[Toronto]] and married [[Vivienne Poy|Vivienne Lee]], who herself became a [[Senate of Canada|Senator]].<ref name=Janigan>{{cite journal|last=Janigan |first=Mary |author2=Nicol, John |title=Clarkson Appointed Governor General |journal=Maclean's |publisher=Kenneth Whyte |location=Toronto |date=September 20, 1999 |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=M1ARTM0012014 |issn=0024-9262 |access-date=March 2, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608173512/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=M1ARTM0012014 |archive-date=June 8, 2011 }}</ref>

Clarkson describes one of her earliest memories as that of hiding in several Hong Kong basements during the [[Battle of Hong Kong|Japanese invasion of the territory]] in 1941. It was only through his Canadian government connections that her father gained his family the opportunity in 1942 to flee the occupation to [[Canada]], as part of the repatriating of Canadian government staff from the fallen city. Even so, the [[Chinese Immigration Act, 1923]], prevented the Poys' immediate entry into the country until the [[Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade|Department of External Affairs]] intervened and cited an unfilled quota in the prisoner of war exchange programme with the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese Imperial Forces]] that would permit the Poy family free passage into Canada.<ref>{{cite news| title=Clarkson looks forward to books, Xmas leftovers| publisher=CTV| date=December 23, 2003| url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1103821171465_99230371?s_name=&no_ads=| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023081714/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1103821171465_99230371?s_name=&no_ads=| url-status=dead| archive-date=October 23, 2007| access-date=December 30, 2003}}</ref> The family settled in [[Ottawa]], though William had lost almost all of his substantial fortune, and the Poys lived in a cramped duplex.<ref name=Janigan /> Clarkson attended public school in the city and, in October 1951, was lined up with her class to see [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh]] (later Queen Elizabeth II), as the royal motorcade passed through the city.<ref>{{cite web| last=Clarkson| first=Adrienne| date=October 14, 2002| title=Her Excellency the Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson Speech on the Occasion of the Luncheon in Honour of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh| url=http://archive.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=1021| editor-last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| editor-link=Governor General of Canada| location=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=January 25, 2010}}</ref>

[[File:St Hilda, UofT.jpg|thumb|left|[[University of Trinity College#St. Hilda's College|St. Hilda's College]], the women's college at the [[University of Toronto]]'s [[University of Trinity College|Trinity College]], where Clarkson enrolled in 1956]]

Clarkson graduated from [[Lisgar Collegiate Institute]] in 1956, afterwards enrolling at the [[University of Toronto]]'s [[University of Trinity College|Trinity College]]. During her time there, Clarkson won a Governor General's Medal in [[English language|English]] before graduating in 1960 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree with honours in the subject, and then travelling with her parents to [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. Clarkson went on to obtain her master's degree in English literature, also at the University of Toronto.<ref>[http://adrienneclarkson.com/En/biography.php Adrienne Clarkson] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707084434/http://adrienneclarkson.com/En/biography.php |date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> She began post-graduate work in 1962, at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] in [[Paris]], France, with a thesis on the poems of [[George Meredith]].

==Journalism==
After being introduced by a college friend in 1965 to the producers of ''[[Take 30]]''—an afternoon variety show run by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC)—Clarkson was hired by the [[Crown corporations of Canada|Crown corporation]] as a freelance book reviewer. This marked the start of her nearly 30-year career with the CBC, as, after less than a year in her initial position, Clarkson was promoted to co-host, thus becoming one of the first members of a [[visible minority]] to obtain a prominent position on Canadian television. She remained with ''Take 30'' for a decade, while also branching into print journalism by becoming a regular contributor to such publications as ''[[Maclean's]]'' and ''[[Chatelaine (magazine)|Chatelaine]]''. Similarly, Clarkson wrote and published her own romantic fiction novels: ''A Lover More Condoling'' in 1968, and ''Hunger Trace'' in 1970.<ref name=Star>{{Cite news| last=Walker| first=William| title=PM names Clarkson| newspaper=Toronto Star| date=September 9, 1999| url=http://www.fact.on.ca/newpaper/ts990909.htm| access-date=March 2, 2009}}</ref> Beyond these, her non-fiction book ''True to You in My Fashion: A Woman Talks to Men About Marriage''—a collection of interviews with men on the subject of divorce—was published in 1971, during which time her first marriage had hit a hard patch.

In 1974, Clarkson began her own public affairs television show ''Adrienne at Large'', though this was not particularly successful and lasted less than four months. The series did, however, allow her to travel extensively outside of Canada, as she recorded segments for the show in locations such as [[South Africa]] (where she interviewed [[Nadine Gordimer]] and [[Helen Suzman]]), and her native [[Hong Kong]]. With the cancellation of the show, the CBC created in 1975 the hard journalism programme ''[[The Fifth Estate (TV)|The Fifth Estate]]'' as a means for meeting [[Canadian content]] requirements. Clarkson was brought on to co-host with [[Warner Troyer]] for the first season, but, due to persistent problems between the two, Troyer left the series, leaving Clarkson to host with Peter Reilly and Eric Malling thereafter. She focused on [[investigative journalism]] and gained prominence after an in-depth study of the [[Wallace McCain|McCain family]]'s business practices led a Senator to publicly accuse her of being un-naturalised.<ref name=Janigan />

After winning several [[ACTRA Award]]s, Clarkson ended her job with ''The Fifth Estate'' in 1983 and was subsequently appointed by the [[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]], [[John Black Aird]], on the [[Advice (constitutional)|advice]] of his [[Premier of Ontario|Premier]], [[Bill Davis|William Davis]], as the Agent General for [[Ontario]] in [[France]], acting in this role as a cultural liaison between the province and the country, as well as promoting Ontario in several other [[Europe]]an states. After five years at this post, she returned to private business, becoming president and publisher of [[McClelland and Stewart]], at a time when the publisher was in financial difficulty. Clarkson was not only unsuccessful at improving the company's fiscal problems, she was also highly unpopular with employees, and resigned herself after 18 months that saw several protest resignations; the [[imprint (trade name)|imprint]] ''Adrienne Clarkson Books'' does, however, remain with McClelland and Stewart.

Clarkson opted to return to television, hosting through mid-1988 ''Adrienne Clarkson Summer Festival'', which became popular enough to be picked up and repackaged as ''[[Adrienne Clarkson Presents]]'', an arts show that was critically acclaimed, but which never received high ratings. After four years of hosting the show, Clarkson was appointed as an Officer of the [[Order of Canada]] for her long media career, which included hosting more than 3,500 television programmes, as well as assisting charitable organisations, such as the [[Kidney Foundation of Canada]], Horizons of Canada, and [[International PEN]].<ref name=ClarksonOC>{{cite web |url=http://gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=3005 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081207164718/http://gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=3005 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |last=Office of the Governor General of Canada |title=Honours > Order of Canada > Adrienne Clarkson, C.C., C.M.M., C.O.M., C.D. |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=February 27, 2009 }}</ref> Further, as host and [[executive producer]] of ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents'', she received numerous [[Gemini Award]] nominations—winning in 1993 for best host in a light information, variety, or performing arts programme or series—and was the 1995 recipient of the [[Donald Brittain]] Award, a special honour given every year for the best social/political documentary programme. In the same year, she also won a [[Gémeaux Award]] (the French language equivalent of a Gemini) for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents''. Her precise diction and sometimes haughty demeanour did sometimes become the occasional subject of satire, however; most famously in the CBC Radio series ''[[Double Exposure (comedy series)|Double Exposure]]'', where co-creator Linda Cullen mimicked Clarkson with the line: "I'm Adrienne Clarkson, and you're not" (derived from [[Chevy Chase]]'s early ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' refrain).

Throughout the 1990s—during which time she also wrote and produced films, such as ''The Lust In His Eye: Visions of James Wilson Morrice'' and ''Borduas and Me and Artemisia''<ref name=Star />—there was much speculation that Clarkson would soon be given a high level appointment by the [[Queen-in-Council]]. This was finally realized in 1995 when [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Jean Chrétien]] and then [[Minister of Canadian Heritage]] [[Michel Dupuy]] advised Governor General [[Roméo LeBlanc]] to appoint Clarkson as chair of the board of the [[Canadian Museum of Civilization]], and later, to the [[Canadian War Museum]] as well, all while she continued to host her show.<ref>{{cite press release| title=Dupuy names Clarkson as Chairperson of Museum of Civilization| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| date=November 7, 1995| url=http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/newsroom/news_e.cfm?Action=Display&code=5NR150E| access-date=July 12, 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828103138/http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/newsroom/news_e.cfm?Action=Display&code=5NR150E| archive-date=August 28, 2004| url-status=dead}}</ref> It was during this time that the War Museum announced the decision to build the structure which now houses its collection, and which Clarkson opened as Governor General in May 2005.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Alcock |first=Reg |author-link=Reg Alcock |date=April 14, 2005 |title=Excerpts From Statement by President of Treasury Board & Questions from MP's {{sic|nolink=y}} |periodical=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Spring 2005 |issue=23 |page=7 |location=Toronto |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |access-date=March 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226172807/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Governor General of Canada==
Clarkson was the first visible minority and [[refugee]] to be appointed [[Governor General of Canada|governor general]], and the second woman (after [[Jeanne Sauvé]]), the first [[Chinese Canadian]], and the first without a military or political background. She was also the second person to have been appointed to the [[Order of Canada]] prior to nomination as governor general-designate, after [[Jules Léger]]. Clarkson brought with her a new approach to the governor generalcy, and dedicated much of her self-imposed mandate to drawing national attention to [[Northern Canada]].

===As governor general-designate===
It was on September 8, 1999, announced from the [[Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)|Office of the Prime Minister of Canada]] that [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen]] [[Elizabeth II]] had approved [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Jean Chrétien]]'s choice of Clarkson to succeed [[Roméo LeBlanc]] as the Queen's representative.<ref>{{cite press release| title=Appointment of New Governor General| publisher=Office of the Prime Minister| date=September 8, 1999| url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/prime_minister-ef/jean_chretien/2003-12-08/stagingpm_3a8080/default.asp@language=e&page=newsroom&sub=newsreleases&doc=news_re199909081053_e.htm| access-date=February 27, 2009}}</ref><ref name=CMNInstall>{{cite journal|title=Clarkson Installed as Governor General| journal=Canadian Monarchist News| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| volume=Autumn 1999| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/1999/installed.htm| access-date=March 2, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708023432/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/1999/installed.htm| archive-date=July 8, 2009 }}</ref> 
The commission appointing Clarkson was issued on September 28 under the [[royal sign-manual]] and [[Great Seal of Canada]].<ref>{{Citation| title=Proclamation |date=October 7, 1999|url=http://publications.gc.ca/gazette/archives/p1/1999/1999-10-07-x/pdf/g1-133x3.pdf| periodical=Canada Gazette| volume=133| issue=3| location=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=January 1, 2017}}</ref> At the time of the announcement of her appointment, it was revealed that, with Clarkson being accompanied to [[Rideau Hall]] by her longtime partner, [[John Ralston Saul]], the official appointment would be bringing an unofficial pair to the viceregal post,<ref name=Janigan /><ref name=Star /> in that the governor general would not be the only person actively exploring Canadian theory and culture.

===In office===
[[File:Unknown Soldier.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]], in the creation of which Clarkson assisted, and which she dedicated in May 2000]]

====Bond with the military====
On October 8, 1999, Clarkson was sworn in as the 26th Governor General of Canada, and was soon actively participating in her role, becoming immediately instrumental in the final stages of the repatriation of [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier#Unknown soldier|Canada's unknown soldier]] from [[France]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Unknown Soldier laid to rest at shrine to veterans| publisher=CBC| date=November 10, 2000| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/unknown-soldier-laid-to-rest-at-shrine-to-veterans-1.245167| access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref> Her eulogy read at [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier|the tomb]]'s dedication ceremony on May 28, 2000, was described by the [[Royal Canadian Legion]] as "powerful",<ref>{{cite journal| last=Black| first=Dan| title=The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier| journal=Legion Magazine| volume=September 2000| publisher=Canvet Publications Ltd.| location=Kanata| date=September 1, 2000| url=http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/2000/09/the-tomb-of-the-unknown-soldier/| access-date=March 1, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090129135437/http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/2000/09/the-tomb-of-the-unknown-soldier/| archive-date= January 29, 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> and led journalist [[John Fraser (journalist)|John Fraser]] to state: "You have to go back pretty far to find anyone who stirred national emotions the way Clarkson did with her magnificent speech..."<ref name=Fraser>{{Cite news|last=Fraser| first=John| author-link=John Fraser (journalist)| title=Excellency| newspaper=National Post| date=February 1, 2003| url=http://www.ccmms.ca/clarkson.asp| access-date=March 1, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706171832/http://www.ccmms.ca/clarkson.asp| archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> In the same vein, after a decade of inaction on the part of the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]], Clarkson moved to have [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]] honoured with the Commander-in-Chief's Unit Commendation, on behalf of the Queen,<ref name=Fraser /> beginning a long relationship between Clarkson and the regiment.

Following the [[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks United States on September 11, 2001]], Clarkson praised [[Operation Yellow Ribbon]], saying "communities across the country selflessly opened their homes and hearts to stranded air travellers", and, on September 14, 2001, presided over a memorial service on [[Parliament Hill]] for the victims of the attacks, which was attended by over 100,000 people—the largest single [[vigil]] ever seen in Canada's capital.<ref>{{cite episode| title=Interview With Pervez Musharraf; Interview With Paul Martin; Interview With Kweisi Mfume| url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0412/05/le.01.html| series=CNN Late Edition With Wolf Blitzer| series-link=Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer| airdate=December 5, 2004| season=11}}</ref> On her cabinet's advice, Clarkson subsequently dispatched [[Canadian Forces Land Force Command|Canadian soldiers]] to assist in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|invasion of Afghanistan]], and, in her role of representing the Queen as [[Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces|commander-in-chief of the Canadian Forces]], visited in 2002 the Canadian troops serving in the Afghan [[Theater (warfare)|theatre]]. This trip, plus similar ones she undertook during her tenure—such as those to [[Kosovo]] to meet with Canadian troops, to the [[Persian Gulf]] to spend [[Christmas]] with members of the Armed Forces on a [[Canadians|Canadian]] destroyer, and again to Afghanistan to spend New Year's with Canadian soldiers—won her acclaim for being the first governor general since at least 1945 to take seriously the duties associated with the commander-in-chief title,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Graham |first=Bill |date=December 9, 2004 |title=Debate Extracts: Commons Cuts the GG's Budget |periodical=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Spring 2005 |issue=23 |page=9 |location=Toronto |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |access-date=March 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226172807/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which was credited for helping to boost pride in the Canadian Forces.

====More robust viceregal office====
Clarkson took a proactive role in increasing the stature of the Canadian viceregal office, travelling widely, hosting lavish state events, and hosting conferences and forums. However, criticism soon ensued over the way her office was spending Crown funds, as, during her tenure, expenditures at Rideau Hall increased 200%; the budget for 2003 was estimated at [[Canadian dollar|CAD]]$41 million. Part of this increase was due to accounting reasons; some costs that had previously been worked into the budgets of ministries were transferred to the governor general's office. But, the event that the media mostly focused on was Clarkson's 2003, 19-day circumpolar "northern identity" tour, which included [[state visit]]s to [[Russia]], [[Finland]], and [[Iceland]], and the attendance of 50 other Canadians prominent in the fields of arts, culture, and science. In an atmosphere tainted by several spending scandals in the government, the trip's estimated CAD$1 million cost was attacked as a waste of money.<ref name=CTVGG>{{cite news| title=Gov. Gen. Clarkson defends her spending| publisher=CTV| date=September 24, 2003| url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1064020579291_112/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031222040327/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1064020579291_112/| url-status=dead| archive-date=December 22, 2003| access-date=February 28, 2009}}</ref> All together, this resulted in some politicians calling for the role of the governor general to be reduced or even for the position to be eliminated, and a poll taken late in 2003 found a majority of respondents thought Clarkson was "too grand" for the office. In an unprecedented move for a vicereine, Clarkson, and not her ministers, personally addressed the controversy, explaining that she had been asked to undertake the state visits by her prime minister.<ref name=CTVGG /> Still, though the Office of the Governor General defended the tour as successful, particularly with regard to the warm reception Clarkson received in Russia and during her meeting with [[President of Russia|Russian president]] [[Vladimir Putin]], and it was the [[Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Canada)|Department of Foreign Affairs]] that commissioned and paid for the trip with funds approved by [[Parliament of Canada|parliament]]. When the end cost for the trips came in at CAD$5 million, a scheduled continuation of the tour that would have included visits to [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]], [[Norway]], and [[Greenland]] was scrapped by the federal government in early 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|last=MacKay |first=Peter |author-link=Peter MacKay |date=December 9, 2004 |title=Debate Extracts: Commons Cuts the GG's Budget |periodical=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Spring 2005 |issue=23 |page=9 |location=Toronto |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |access-date=March 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226172807/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[John Allen Fraser|John Fraser]] later stated Prime Minister [[Paul Martin]] left Clarkson to defend herself because he "clearly didn't like her very much" and "even if it was Madam Clarkson's (and John Ralston Saul's) own imaginative idea, it had been officially supported by the government, and no appointed high official should ever be abandoned like that. Not only should she have been defended publicly, we were made to look foolish in the eyes of the countries who had to be informed that the trip to such great allies as Sweden, Norway and Denmark (plus its province of Greenland) was called off".<ref name=FraserNP>{{citation| url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/john-fraser-a-national-regent-with-a-vision| last=Fraser| first=John| title=A national regent with a vision| date=April 29, 2012| newspaper=National Post| access-date=April 29, 2012| url-status=live| archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120429232202/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/04/29/john-fraser-a-national-regent-with-a-vision/| archive-date=April 29, 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Vladimir Putin in Canada 18-19 December 2000-1.jpg|thumb|left|Clarkson and [[John Ralston Saul]] (at right) greet the [[President of Russia]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and his wife, [[Lyudmila Putina]], at [[Rideau Hall]], December 18, 2000]]

From that time on, Clarkson and her office faced intense scrutiny. By November 2004, it was announced that Clarkson's budget would be cut by ten percent, despite the fact that parliament itself had approved her budget each year. Then, in March 2005, she again faced questions about spending after it was reported that she had been advised by Martin to make official visits to [[Spain]], the [[Netherlands]], and Russia in order to attend the [[state funeral]] of the victims of the [[2004 Madrid train bombings|Madrid terrorist bombings]], the 60th anniversary of the [[Liberation Day (The Netherlands)|liberation of the Netherlands]], and participate in [[Victory in Europe Day]] celebrations in [[Moscow]], respectively.<ref>{{cite press release| title=Prime Minister cancels trip to Netherlands and Moscow| publisher=Office of the Prime Minister| date=April 25, 2005| url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/prime_minister-ef/paul_martin/06-02-03/www.pm.gc.ca/eng/news.asp@id=469| access-date=February 28, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Governor General's itinerary in the Netherlands |publisher=Office of the Governor General of Canada |date=April 29, 2005 |url=http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4432 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081207164808/http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4432 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=February 28, 2009 }}</ref> Clarkson waited until less than two weeks after the end of her time serving as governor general before she publicly criticised Jean Chrétien and the Cabinet under his chairmanship for not defending the viceregal office, and reaffirmed that she had been asked by the Department of Foreign Affairs to take each of her state trips in the first place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Former GG Clarkson criticizes federal government |publisher=CTV |date=October 10, 2005 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20051009/clarkson_interview_051009/20051010?hub=Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314020443/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20051009/clarkson_interview_051009/20051010?hub=Canada |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 14, 2007 |access-date=February 28, 2009 }}</ref>

At the same time, Clarkson's unorthodox mode of exercising the Office of the Governor General led to negative critiques of how she carried out a number of ceremonial duties. In June 2004, the Governor General and her office were targeted by [[Monarchism in Canada|Canadian monarchists]], who noted that, prior to the ceremony to recognize Canada's involvement at [[Juno Beach]] in the [[D-Day (military term)|D-Day landings]] of 1944, Government House claimed that Clarkson would be attending as Canada's [[head of state]] and, at the event, the Queen, who also attended the ceremony, was relegated to third place in precedence behind Clarkson and Saul.<ref name=CMNDday>{{Cite news |last=Fidelis |title=Canadian Confusion on Juno Beach |periodical=Canadian Monarchist News |date=Summer 2004 |issue=22 |page=2 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2004/8/135.pdf |access-date=August 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114134201/http://www.monarchist.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2004/8/135.pdf |archive-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref> [[Jack Granatstein]] alleged that this arrangement had displeased the Queen and "there was fury."<ref>{{Cite news| last=Galloway| first=Gloria| title=Jean to squeeze in trip to China between royal tour hello and goodbye| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=June 7, 2010| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/jean-to-squeeze-in-trip-to-china-between-royal-tour-hello-and-goodbye/article1595538/| access-date=June 7, 2010}}</ref> Government House later retracted its head of state statement, saying that it was the error of a junior official, but why the protocol was altered was never explained.<ref>{{Harvnb| Fidelis| 2004| p=3}}</ref> At [[Remembrance Day#Canada|Remembrance Day]] ceremonies, the Governor General also caused a stir when she eschewed the tradition of placing the first wreath at the [[cenotaph]] in favour of doing so simultaneously with her husband; a practice that was discontinued by Clarkson's viceregal successor. Then, during a visit to [[Vancouver]] in September of the same year, Clarkson was booed and hissed at by a small but vocal group of protesters. She was on a goodwill tour of a poor area of the city; however, the protesters argued that her visit was nothing more than a publicity stunt to try to gain some of her lost popular support to get her time in office extended.

In January 2005, disappointment was further expressed over Clarkson's failure to attend a memorial service for [[Alberta]]'s late [[Lieutenant Governor of Alberta|lieutenant governor]], [[Lois Hole]].<ref name=CMNed /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fidelis |title=A Very Alarming Situation: the New Threat to the Canadian Monarchy – What Next? |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Spring 2005 |issue=23 |page=2 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |year=2005 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |access-date=February 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226172807/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rideau Hall issued a statement saying the Governor General was, at the time, abroad representing Canada at the inauguration of the [[President of Ukraine]], [[Viktor Yushchenko|Victor Yushchenko]]. However, the inauguration was postponed, and it was felt that Clarkson could have returned to Canada for the service. When it was later reported by the ''[[Toronto Sun]]'' and ''The Globe and Mail'' that Clarkson would wait in Paris, France, for the rescheduled presidential investiture, more outrage was expressed in the press, which was only compounded when Rideau Hall informed the public that the Governor General would also attend a "long-standing engagement" with the Queen at [[Sandringham House]], contradicting reports that [[Buckingham Palace]] had said the dinner was actually booked at the last minute. In response, some monarchists began lobbying Clarkson to resign, had she willingly used the Queen for publicity and damage control purposes.

====Extended tenure====
Regardless of the controversies, Clarkson was asked, and agreed, to remain in the Queen's service for an additional year beyond the traditional, but not official, five-year period. Though the decision was met with mixed feelings from across the country,<ref>{{Cite news| last=Fagan| first=Drew| title=Clarkson gets an extra year| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=September 30, 2004| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20040930.wxclarkson29/BNStory/National/| access-date=March 1, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202161404/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20040930.wxclarkson29/BNStory/National/| archive-date=February 2, 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref> Prime Minister Martin had advised the Queen to retain Clarkson as her vicereine in order to provide stability while the country faced potential constitutional difficulties arising from a [[minority government]]; there had been speculation at the end of 2004 over whether or not Clarkson would have to become directly involved in politics should the Cabinet led by Paul Martin lose the [[Confidence (politics)|confidence]] of the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]], leaving the Governor General to decide whether or not to ask the leader of [[Official Opposition (Canada)|Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition]], then [[Stephen Harper]], to form a government, or to call a general election. Ultimately, circumstances played out so that Clarkson's personal involvement was rendered unnecessary.<ref name=CTVClark />

Soon after, however, on July 8, 2005, Clarkson was admitted to hospital in [[Toronto]] in order to have a [[artificial pacemaker|pacemaker]] implanted. She recovered quickly,<ref name=CTVClark /> and returned to her viceregal duties in the same month. To coincide with that year's 50th anniversary of the appointment of the first Canadian-born governor general, Clarkson moved Order of Canada investitures from their typical location in Rideau Hall to various places around the country.<ref name=Fraser /> Also, on July 23, 2005, Clarkson was inducted as an honorary member of the [[Kainai|Kainai Chieftainship]], during a traditional ceremony held at Red Crow Park, near Standoff, [[Alberta]], after which she was adopted into the Blood Tribe with the name ''Grandmother of Many Nations''; this made Clarkson the first governor general since [[Edward Schreyer]] in 1984 to be made an honorary chief, and only the third woman to be inducted since the creation of the chieftainship. Then, on September 15, 2005, Clarkson announced the creation of the [[Governor General's Northern Medal]], to be awarded annually to a citizen whose actions and achievements had contributed to the evolution and constant reaffirmation of the Canadian North as part of the national identity.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Governor General announces the creation of the Governor General's Northern Medal |publisher=Office of the Governor General of Canada |date=September 15, 2005 |url=http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4556 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081207164826/http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4556 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref>

During her last days in office, Clarkson's popularity with the Armed Forces was expressed in a large farewell ceremony mounted by the military; the first ever such send-off for a governor general. Similarly, on the morning of September 26, 2005, Clarkson attended a celebration on Parliament Hill in which [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] thanked her for her work and presented her with the [[Flag of the Governor General of Canada|viceregal flag]] that flew atop the [[Peace Tower]] when Clarkson was present in parliament.<ref name=CWNS>{{cite news| last=Greenway| first=Norma| title=Jean puts imprint on swearing-in |publisher=CanWest News Service| date=September 27, 2005| url=http://www2.canada.com/national/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=6ec41c75-a3c3-43be-a182-6b8cccd4e8ed| access-date=March 1, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603150041/http://www2.canada.com/national/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=6ec41c75-a3c3-43be-a182-6b8cccd4e8ed| archive-date=June 3, 2012}}</ref> Then, following tradition, Clarkson and Saul planted on Rideau Hall's grounds, two ceremonial trees ([[Quercus bicolor|swamp white oaks]]) to mark the end of the former's time in office,<ref>{{cite press release |title=Governor General Clarkson and John Ralston Saul to participate in tree planting ceremony to commemorate the end of their mandate |publisher=Office of the Governor General of Canada |date=September 23, 2005 |url=http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4567 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081207164832/http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4567 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref> and the next day, Clarkson's time as vicereine ended when her successor, [[Michaëlle Jean]], was sworn in as Governor General of Canada. However, Clarkson caused yet another controversy when she decided, with Jean's consent, to attend Jean's investiture, marking the first time in more than a century that a governor general had attended the swearing-in of his or her successor.<ref name=CWNS />

===Legacy===
Clarkson was seen as having brought new life to the post of governor general, receiving praise through her first years in office for being a more modern governor general who brought increased public attention to the position;<ref name=Fraser /><ref name=CMNed>{{cite journal|last=Editorial |title=Our Governor General |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Spring 2005 |issue=23 |page=6 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |year=2005 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |access-date=February 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226172807/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=CTVClark>{{cite news| title=Clarkson out of hospital after pacemaker surgery| publisher=CTV| date=July 11, 2005| url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20050711/clarkson_recovering_050710?s_name=tiff2006&no_ads=| archive-url=https://archive.today/20071120223345/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20050711/clarkson_recovering_050710?s_name=tiff2006&no_ads=| url-status=dead| archive-date=November 20, 2007| access-date=March 1, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| last=Nersessian| first=Mary| title=Adrienne Clarkson's legacy as Governor General| publisher=CTV| date=September 27, 2005| url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1126648772299_7| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050914141545/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1126648772299_7| url-status=dead| archive-date=September 14, 2005| access-date=January 25, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Wilcox>{{Citation |last=Wilcox |first=Jack |title=The commander-in-chief's first duty is remembrance |newspaper=Ottawa Citizen |date=November 5, 2010 |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/commander+chief+first+duty+remembrance/3780661/story.html |access-date=November 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109143052/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/commander%2Bchief%2Bfirst%2Bduty%2Bremembrance/3780661/story.html |archive-date=November 9, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Michaëlle Jean recognised Clarkson as having "infused the office with a new energy", for "promot[ing] artists and their achievements from across Canada", and for her "close work with aboriginal communities". Clarkson was further praised for her devotion to the armed forces and remembrance,<ref name=Wilcox /> and was credited for breathing new life into the Canadian monarchy as a whole; [[Ken Wiwa|Mailo' Ken Wiwa]] stated in ''The Globe and Mail'': "that Adrienne Clarkson, once a refugee, represents the Queen here in Canada is, for me, the singular most important reason for believing that the monarchy is relevant to Canada's emerging identity. Her role may only be ceremonial and symbolic, but as the enduring quality of the Royal Family attests, you can never underestimate the power of myth. Even{{mdash}} or rather, especially{{mdash}} in this iconoclastic age."<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Wiwa| first=Mailo' Ken| journal=The Globe and Mail| year=2002| title=The House of Wiwa salutes the House of Windsor|  publication-date=October 12, 2002| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/the-house-of-wiwa-salutes-the-house-of-windsor/article757124/| access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref> Clarkson and her husband also travelled across Canada and met more Canadians than any other governor general in Canadian history and, unlike many other state figures, Clarkson also wrote most of her own speeches, which were noted for being simultaneously intellectual and approachable.<ref name=Fraser /> Clarkson's tenure was also notable for her patronage of all the arts{{mdash}} making such efforts as ensuring the governor general's study at Rideau Hall had copies of every book that had won the [[Governor General's Award]]s for literature{{mdash}} and for sports, as demonstrated in her creation on September 14, 2005, of the [[Clarkson Cup]] for women's [[ice hockey|hockey]] in Canada. John Fraser in 2012 stated of Clarkson: "[N]o one, in the whole history of Rideau Hall, ever evoked the country quite as effectively".<ref name=FraserNP />

Other summaries of Clarkson's time as governor general, however, found that the increased travel abroad attracted negative attention to the viceregal post over costs and caused conflict between domestic duties and foreign obligations. Also, it was observed that Clarkson had succumbed too easily to the desires of her advisors{{mdash}} both in the prime minister's and [[Privy Council Office (Canada)|Privy Council office]]s, as well as amongst the staff of Government House{{mdash}} to turn the viceregal post into something it was not: Canada's head of state. Clarkson had expressed admiration for the Queen, was said to understand "the lustre the Crown affords," and to have "shudder[ed] a little in sympathy with members of the Royal Family at the degree of intrusion into their lives they must bear."<ref name=Fraser /> But the systematic downplaying of the monarch led to confusion over who was head of state and there was a sense that,<ref name=CMNed /> by taking this view, Clarkson and her office were overturning the long-standing theory that all the viceroys and their respective jurisdictions are equal under a sovereign who reigns consistently over the whole country.<ref>{{cite book| last=Jackson| first=Michael| title=The Canadian Monarchy in Saskatchewan| publisher=Provincial Secretary of Saskatchewan| year=1990| location=Regina| page=12| id=ASIN B0006EY308}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=McKinnon| first=Frank| title=The Crown in Canada| publisher=Glenbow-Alberta Institute| year=1976| location=Calgary| isbn=978-0-7712-1016-7| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/crownincanada0000mack}}</ref> When Clarkson attended a provincial occasion, her protocol officers insisted that she take precedence over the pertinent lieutenant governor and denied knowledge of the established order in which the lieutenant governor, as a direct representative of the Queen in a province, takes precedence at a provincial function over all other attendees, save for the monarch. These situations would result in "precedence battles", in which the provincial authorities would frequently acquiesce to pressure and ultimatums from Rideau Hall.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Editorial |title=Hope for the Monarchy in Canada: The Provincial Crown |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Spring 2005 |issue=23 |page=12 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |year=2005 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |access-date=March 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226172807/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2005/Spring_2005_CMN.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Clarkson also took the place of the monarch in presenting to the next vicereine the Chancellor's insignia of the [[Order of Canada]], thereby breaking the order's "first and oldest tradition"; a move Canada's expert on honours, [[Christopher McCreery]], called "a rather bizarre turn of events".<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 2006 |last=Jackson |first=Michael D. |title=Honours of the Crown |periodical=Canadian Monarchist News |issue=26; Summer 2007 |page=12 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |access-date=July 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708040312/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2009}}</ref> The [[Monarchist League of Canada]] even reported that a member of parliament had telephoned to ask if they had ever before heard of the eruption of booing at the mention of the governor general's name, as had apparently happened in the MP's riding when Clarkson was spoken about.<ref name=CMNed />

==Post-viceregal life==
After leaving Rideau Hall, Clarkson and Saul purchased a new home in Toronto's [[the Annex]] district, taking possession at the end of September 2005. She also signed a deal with [[Penguin Books|Penguin Canada]] to publish her memoirs in two books. The first, ''Heart Matters'', was published in September 2006, making Clarkson the third former governor general to release an autobiography.{{#tag:ref|After [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|the Earl Alexander of Tunis]] and [[Vincent Massey]].|group=n|name=Book1}} In the first half of the book, Clarkson outlined her childhood in Ottawa and her career in the CBC, while the second half covered her time as governor general, and contained her own positive views of Jean Chrétien and negative views of Paul Martin. The book was met with mixed reviews, however,{{#tag:ref|[[Etiquette]] experts in the [[United Kingdom]] chided Clarkson for her condescending criticisms of the Queen's behaviour at a dinner party, and of the [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Mother]] for having used different china settings throughout a formal meal, calling Clarkson "prissy",<ref>{{Cite news| last=Graham| first=David| title=Clarkson disses the Queen: In new book, ex-GG gets all haughty about royal manners but experts say she misses the point| newspaper=Toronto Star| date=October 3, 2006| url=https://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1159825812798&call_page=TS_News&call_pageid=968332188492&call_pagepath=News/News&pubid=968163964505| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220246/http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar%2FLayout%2FArticle_Type1&c=Article&cid=1159825812798&call_page=TS_News&call_pageid=968332188492&call_pagepath=News%2FNews&pubid=968163964505| url-status=dead| archive-date=September 26, 2007| access-date=October 8, 2006}}</ref> and [[Rex Murphy]] deemed Clarkson as hypocritical for claiming a Governor General must adhere to tradition and discretion, all in a book that reveals intimate and judgmental details about certain personages, and released mere months after she left the office.<ref>{{Cite news| last=Murphy| first=Rex| title=Adrienne Clarkson: the personal and the political| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=September 23, 2006}}</ref>|group=n|name=Book2}} and her expressed opinion that future nominees for appointment as governor general should be voted on in the House of Commons was condemned by monarchists, though supported by ''Macleans''.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Editorial| title=It's time to vote for the governor general| journal=Maclean's| publisher=Kenneth Whyte| location=Toronto| date=September 25, 2006}}</ref>

During an October 2006 interview on [[CBC Newsworld]] with [[Don Newman (broadcaster)|Don Newman]], Clarkson spoke her views on the nature of the position of Governor General of Canada, stating that while the Queen remained popular with Canadians, the governor general was now the direct representative of "the Crown", and not of the monarch, therefore making the viceroy Canada's actual head of state. This was a theory contrary to those of [[Eugene Forsey]], the government of Canada itself, and numerous others, but was in line with [[Edward McWhinney]]. Into 2009, Clarkson continued to promote this notion, stating at a constitutional law conference that the governor general embodied the nation and the prime minister's nominee for the viceregal role should thus be vetted by a parliamentary committee, in a similar format to [[Congressional hearing#Confirmation hearings|Congressional Confirmation Hearings]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite news| last=Valpy| first=Michael| author-link=Michael Valpy| title=Let MPs vet G-G candidates, and show hearings, Clarkson says| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=April 17, 2009| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090417.wclarkson17art021492/BNStory/politics/home| access-date=April 23, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420040141/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090417.wclarkson17art021492/BNStory/politics/home| archive-date=April 20, 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref> She then went further to say that the candidate should also submit to a televised quiz on [[Canadiana]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Canwest News Service |title=Clarkson backs test |newspaper=Windsor Star |date=April 18, 2009 |url=https://windsorstar.com/News/Clarkson+backs+test/1509256/story.html |access-date=April 23, 2009 }} {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Though a University of Toronto political scientist stated this would "strengthen the legitimacy of the governor-general as a non-partisan umpire," the editorial board of the [[Montreal]] ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|Gazette]]'' said that the position being "not elected is an asset, not a handicap" and Clarkson's process would undermine the impartiality of the viceroy.<ref>{{Cite news|title=One thing in Ottawa that doesn't need fixing |newspaper=The Gazette |date=April 23, 2009 |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/thing+Ottawa+that+doesn+need+fixing/1524583/story.html |access-date=April 23, 2009 }} {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

On February 7, 2007, Clarkson was appointed by the Queen as [[Colonel-in-Chief]] of [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]], replacing [[Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma|the Countess Mountbatten of Burma]], and commented that she was "deeply honoured" and proud to accept the role.<ref>{{Cite news| last=Canadian Press| title=Clarkson named colonel-in-chief of PPCLI| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=February 7, 2007| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070205.wmilclark0205/BNStory/National/home| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202161409/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070205.wmilclark0205/BNStory/National/home| archive-date=February 2, 2009}}</ref> The ceremony to mark her appointment took place on March 17 at the regimental headquarters in [[Edmonton]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Farrell |first=James |title=Clarkson to be given military honour |newspaper=Edmonton Journal |date=February 4, 2007 |url=http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/local/story.html?id=44f65e8c-cc5c-42ec-b757-1374a99fd6d5&k=0 |access-date=March 1, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418232503/http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/local/story.html?id=44f65e8c-cc5c-42ec-b757-1374a99fd6d5&k=0 |archive-date=April 18, 2008 }}</ref> Clarkson is also vice-chair of the board of directors of the dance company [[La La La Human Steps]] and, in 2014, was announced as the presenter of that year's [[Massey Lectures]].<ref name=masseylectures>{{citation| url=http://www.macleans.ca/culture/books/adrienne-clarkson-on-the-anguish-of-not-belonging/| last=Bethune| first=Brian| title=Video: Adrienne Clarkson on 'the anguish of not belonging'| journal=Maclean's| date=September 29, 2014| publisher=Rogers Media Inc.| access-date=October 2, 2014}}</ref> Her lectures, which were also published in book form, were on the theme of "Belonging: The Paradox of Citizenship".<ref name=masseylectures/>

==Personal life==
Since the 1980s, Clarkson has been in a relationship with Canadian writer and philosopher [[John Ralston Saul]]. In 1963, Clarkson married [[Stephen Clarkson]], a University of Toronto [[political science]] professor. Together, the couple had three daughters: Kyra, born in 1969, and twins Blaise and Chloe, born in 1971; at the age of nine months, however, Chloe died of [[sudden infant death syndrome]]. Adrienne and Stephen [[divorce]]d four years later. Her daughters have been estranged from her and were adopted by Christine McCall, Stephen Clarkson's second wife.<ref name="fact.on.ca">{{cite web | url=http://fact.on.ca/newpaper/gm99100h.htm | title=Clarkson's daughters will shun ceremony }}</ref> Blaise is a family doctor in Toronto<ref name="fact.on.ca"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://setfht.on.ca/about-us/ | title=About Us - the South East Toronto Family Health Team (SETFHT) | date=July 8, 2020 }}</ref> and Kyra an architect in New York and since relocated back to Toronto.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kyraclarksonarchitect.ca/about | title=About }}</ref>

A member of the [[Church of St. Mary Magdalene (Toronto)|Church of St. Mary Magdalene]], Clarkson is a devout [[Anglican]], as is her entire family going back five generations, with her uncle being a [[priest]] in the [[Sheng Kung Hui|Anglican Church in Hong Kong]]. Clarkson chose to attend Trinity College at the University of Toronto because of its Anglican associations, and, while there, she casually dated divinity student [[Michael Peers]], who would later become an [[archbishop]] and [[primate of the Anglican Church of Canada]]. This friendship was maintained over the years, and Peers presided over Clarkson's marriage to Saul, officiated at her installation as governor general, and presided over the funerals of both her parents. Clarkson is also credited for returning prayer to the viceregal installation ceremony, which had been removed when Roméo LeBlanc was installed in 1995.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Adrienne Clarkson Installed as Governor General| journal=Canadian Monarchist News| volume=Autumn 1999| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| year=1999| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/1999/installed.htm| access-date=March 1, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708023432/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/1999/installed.htm| archive-date=July 8, 2009 }}</ref>

Clarkson was admired by the faithful for being open about her religious beliefs during her time in Rideau Hall. In a December 2005 interview with the ''Anglican Journal'', she was quoted as saying about the Anglican elements of her heraldic arms that "I am an Anglican and that is part of my life; that I really feel at home in the Anglican Communion."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sison| first=Marites| title=Ex-vice regal 'at home' in communion| journal=Anglican Journal| volume=131| issue=10| page=10| publisher=The Anglican Church of Canada| location=Toronto| date=December 1, 2005| url=http://anglicanjournal.com/131/10/canada04.html| issn=0847-978X| access-date=March 1, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060520011604/http://anglicanjournal.com/131/10/canada04.html| archive-date=May 20, 2006 }}</ref> In this same interview, she criticized conservatives for creating what she called the "deep divide" in the Anglican church regarding [[homosexuality]]. Clarkson was also noted for visiting Anglican churches around Canada on her many tours, saying that she enjoyed seeing how the church fit in communities in all parts of Canada. Her public faith, however, was also the cause of controversy: She received particular criticism when she was seen taking communion in a Catholic church since that denomination does not permit [[open communion]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Donovan |first=Gill |title=Governor General rebuked for taking Communion |journal=National Catholic Reporter |publisher=Joe Feuerherd |location=Kansas City |date=February 21, 2003 |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Governor+General+rebuked+for+taking+Communion.+(World).-a098370562 |access-date=May 4, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Davidson |first=Jane |title=Catholics, Anglicans debate awkward communion issue |journal=Anglican Journal |volume=129 |issue=3 |publisher=The Anglican Church of Canada |location=Toronto |date=March 1, 2003 |url=http://www.anglicanjournal.com/articles/catholics-anglicans-debate-awkward-communion-issue-2010 |issn=0847-978X |access-date=May 4, 2017 }}</ref>

==Honours==
{{Center|
'''Ribbon bars of Adrienne Clarkson'''
<br />
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Order of Canada (CC) ribbon bar.svg}}
<br />
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=CAN Order of Military Merit Commander ribbon.svg}} 
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=CAN Order of Merit of the Police Forces Commander ribbon.svg}}
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg}}
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Canada100 ribbon.png}}
<br />
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Canada125 ribbon.png}}
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=UK Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg}}
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg}}
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=CAN Canadian Forces Decoration ribbon with one bar.svg|110px}}
<br />
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=CAN Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan ribbon.svg}}
[[File:Ordre de la Pléiade (Francophonie).gif|100px]]
[[File:Orden of Friendship.png|75px]]
{{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=GER Bundesverdienstkreuz 4 GrVK.svg}}
}}

;Appointments
* April 30, 1992{{spaced ndash}}October 8, 1999: [[Order of Canada|Officer of the Order of Canada]] (OC)<ref name=ClarksonOC />
** October 8, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
** September 27, 2005 – May 8, 2013: Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
** May 8, 2013 –: Extraordinary Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)<ref>{{Citation| last=[[Elizabeth II]]| year=2013| title=The Constitution of the Order of Canada| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=14945| access-date=May 17, 2013}}</ref>
* 1999{{spaced ndash}}: Lay Bencher of the [[Law Society of Upper Canada]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lsuc.on.ca/about/a/history/time-capsule/summer-2005/ |title=About the Society > History > Time Capsule > Summer 2005 > Governors General of Canada and the Law Society |publisher=Law Society of Upper Canada |access-date=February 27, 2009 }} {{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* October 8, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit]] (CMM)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070930032754/http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |last=Office of the Governor General of Canada |author-link=Governor General of Canada |title=Honours > Order of Military Merit |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=February 27, 2009 }}</ref>
** September 27, 2005 – May 8, 2013: Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)
** May 8, 2013 –: Extraordinary Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)<ref>{{Citation| last=[[Elizabeth II]]| year=2013| title=The Constitution of the Order of Military Merit| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=15086| access-date=May 17, 2013}}</ref>
* October 8, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Dame of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/ins/index_e.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20061009184354/http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/ins/index_e.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 9, 2006 |last=Office of the Governor General of Canada |title=Honours > Insignia Worn by the Governor General |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=February 27, 2009 }}</ref>
** September 27, 2005{{spaced ndash}}: Dame of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
* October 8, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: [[Scouts Canada#Organizational structure|Chief Scout of Canada]]
* 1999{{spaced ndash}}: [[Royal Military College of Canada|Honorary Member of the Royal Military College of Canada Club]]
* October 3, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: [[Order of Merit of the Police Forces|Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces]] (COM)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/ormp/index_e.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090204182029/http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/ormp/index_e.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2009 |last=Office of the Governor General of Canada |title=Honours > Order of Merit of the Police Forces |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>
** September 27, 2005{{spaced ndash}}: Commander of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces (COM)
* July 23, 2005{{spaced ndash}}: [[Kainai Nation|Honorary Chief of the Kainai Chieftainship]]
* October 3, 2005{{spaced ndash}}: [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] (PC)

;Medals
* 1960: [[Governor General's Academic Medal]]
* 1967: [[Canadian Centennial Medal]]
* 1992: [[Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada]]
* October 8, 1999: [[Canadian Forces' Decoration]] (CD) with 1 [[Medal bar|Clasp]]
* 2002: [[Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Recipients of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee Medal |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/125-43982 |website=Governor General of Canada |access-date=2 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* 4 September 2005: [[Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Governor General Among Recipients of Centennial Medal|url=https://www.saskatchewan.ca/government/news-and-media/2005/september/04/governor-general-among-recipients-of-centennial-medal |website=Government of Saskatchewan |access-date=19 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* 2012: [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Recipients of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Medal |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/126-666 |website=Governor General of Canada |access-date=2 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* March 26, 2019: Gold Medal of the [[Royal Canadian Geographical Society]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/adrienne-clarkson-awarded-royal-canadian-geographical-societys-gold-medal |title=Adrienne Clarkson awarded The Royal Canadian Geographical Society's Gold Medal  |last=Rosano |first=Michela |date=26 March 2021 |website=Canadian Geographic |publisher= |access-date=2 September 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

;Awards
* 1973: [[ACTRA|Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists]] [[ACTRA Award]] for Best Documentary: ''The Desert is Dying''<ref name=Award>{{cite web|url=http://adrienneclarkson.com/En/awards.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707085001/http://adrienneclarkson.com/En/awards.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |last=Clarkson |first=Adrienne |title=Awards |publisher=Adrienne Clarkson |access-date=September 7, 2010 }}</ref>
* 1974: Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists ACTRA Award for Best Public Affairs Broadcaster<ref name=Award />
* 1976: Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists Gordon Sinclair Award for Integrity in Broadcasting<ref name=Award />
* 1982: Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists ACTRA Award for Best Host-Interviewer<ref name=Award />
* 1993: [[Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television]] [[Gemini Award]] for Best Host in Performing Arts Series<ref name=Award />
* 1993: [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] Prix Anik for Best Entertainment Series: ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents''
* 1995: ''Gemeaux Award Meilleur'' pour Meilleur Spécial pour les Arts de la Scène: ''Peau, Chair et Os''<ref name=Award />
*2009: Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Award Winner<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canada's Top 25 Immigrants 2009|url=https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2009|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Canadian Immigrant|language=en-US}}</ref>
* November 19, 2010: [[Vimy Award]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13944| archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802121608/http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13944| url-status=dead| archive-date=August 2, 2012| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| author-link=Governor General of Canada| title=Presentation of the 2010 Vimy Award| date=November 19, 2010| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=November 20, 2010}}</ref>

;Award nominations
*1992: Gemini Award: Best Host in a Light Information, Variety or Performing Arts Program or Series for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents''
*1993: Gemini Award: Best Performing Arts Program for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents'' – shared with Gordon Stewart
*1994: Gemini Award: Donald Brittain Award for Best Social/Political Documentary Program for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents''
*1994: Gemini Award: Best Host in a Lifestyle Information, Variety or Performing Arts Program or Series for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents''
*1995: Gemini Award: Best Performing Arts Program for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents''
*1998: Gemini Award: Best Performing Arts Program or Series, or Arts Documentary Program for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents: Black and White to Colour: The Making of "The English Patient"''
*1998: Gemini Award: Best Performing Arts Program or Series, or Arts Documentary Program for ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents''<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.academy.ca/hist/history.cfm?nname=Adrienne+Clarkson&winonly=0&awards=0&rtype=1&curstep=4&submit.x=34&submit.y=7| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927024139/http://www.academy.ca/hist/history.cfm?nname=Adrienne+Clarkson&winonly=0&awards=0&rtype=1&curstep=4&submit.x=34&submit.y=7| url-status=dead| archive-date=September 27, 2007| last=Canada's Awards Database| title=Adrienne Clarkson| publisher=Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television| date=September 1, 2008| access-date=March 1, 2009}}</ref>

;Foreign honours
* 1993: Gabriel Award: ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents: For the Beauty of the Earth''<ref name=Award />
* 1994: [[New York Television Festival]] Best International TV Award: ''Adrienne Clarkson Presents: Skin Flesh and Bone''<ref name=Award />
* 1995: Christopher Columbus International Film and Video Festival The Chris: ''The Lust of His Eye''<ref name=Award />
* 1997: Christopher Columbus International Film and Video Festival The Chris: ''Black and White to Colour: The Making of "The English Patient"''<ref name=Award />
* 2001: Grand Cross of the [[Order of La Pléiade]]<ref name=Bio />
* June 30, 2006{{spaced ndash}}March 3, 2022: Member of the [[Order of Friendship]] of the Russian Federation<ref>{{cite web| url=http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=034405| script-title=ru:Указ Президента Российской Федерации от| date=June 30, 2006| id=года № 653| language=ru| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608155947/http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=034405| archive-date=June 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Boisvert |first1=Nick |last2=Barton |first2=Rosemary |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Adrienne Clarkson returns Russian Order of Friendship to protest Ukraine invasion |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/clarkson-russian-order-of-friendship-1.6372096 |website=CBC News}}</ref>
* March 1, 2022: Commander's Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Berichte/Bekanntgabe-Ordensverleihung/2203-Verleihungen.html |title=Der Bundespräsident / Bekanntgabe der Verleihungen / Bekanntgabe vom 1. März 2022}}</ref>

=== Honorary military appointments ===
* October 8, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: Colonel of the [[Governor General's Horse Guards]]
* October 8, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: Colonel of the [[Governor General's Foot Guards]]
* October 8, 2000{{spaced ndash}}September 27, 2005: Colonel of the [[Canadian Grenadier Guards]]
* February 7, 2007{{spaced ndash}}: [[Colonel-in-Chief]] of [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]]

=== Honorary degrees ===
* 1996: [[University of Prince Edward Island]], Doctorate.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.upei.ca/about-upei/governance-and-structure/senate/past-honorary-degree-recipients |title = Past Honorary Degree Recipients &#124; University of Prince Edward Island}}</ref>
* April 7, 2000: [[University of Victoria]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LLD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.uvic.ca/univsec/governance/hondegreelist.html |title=Honorary Degree Recipients as of November 2006 |publisher=University of Victoria |access-date=February 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114073851/http://web.uvic.ca/univsec/governance/hondegreelist.html |archive-date=January 14, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2001: [[McGill University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)
* May 18, 2001: [[Royal Military College of Canada]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rmcc-cmrc.ca/en/royal-military-college-canada-honorary-degree-recipients |title=Royal Military College of Canada Honorary Degree Recipients |website=Rmcc-cmrc.ca |date=July 19, 2016 |access-date=June 1, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804170009/http://www.rmcc-cmrc.ca/en/royal-military-college-canada-honorary-degree-recipients |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* June 19, 2001: [[University of Toronto]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)<ref>{{cite web |title=University of Toronto Honorary Degree Recipients 1850-2021 |url=https://governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/system/files/2021-06/Honorary%20Degree%20Recipients%201850-2021%20-%20Chronological.pdf |website=University of Toronto |access-date=2 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903213551/https://governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/system/files/2021-06/Honorary%20Degree%20Recipients%201850-2021%20-%20Chronological.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* February 27, 2003: [[Law Society of Upper Canada]] at [[Osgoode Hall]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lsuc.on.ca/news/a/archives/index.cfm?c=1029&i=6293 |title=Honorary L.L.D.s |publisher=Law Society of Upper Canada |access-date=February 27, 2009 }} {{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
* 2003: [[University of Ottawa]], [[Doctor of the University]] (DUniv)<ref name=TCE>{{cite encyclopedia| title=Biography > Broadcasters > Clarkson, Adrienne Louise| encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia| publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada| year=2009| url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/adrienne-louise-clarkson| access-date=March 2, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202040914/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001665| archive-date=February 2, 2009| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/about/bio/citation-d-university-2003-honorable-adrienne-clarkson-2003 |title=Citation – D. University 2003 Honorable Adrienne CLARKSON, 2003 &#124; About uOttawa &#124; University of Ottawa |website=Uottawa.ca |access-date=June 1, 2017}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}}
* 2003: [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf |title=Honorary Degrees |date=December 15, 2008 |publisher=Queen's University |access-date=March 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304132120/http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* June 10, 2004: [[Concordia University (Montreal)|Concordia University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref>{{cite press release|title=Media Advisory: Governor General to receive honorary doctorate from Concordia University |publisher=Office of the Governor General of Canada |date=June 7, 2004 |url=http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4206 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20040902233752/http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4206 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 2, 2004 |access-date=February 27, 2009 }}</ref>
* November 2006: [[McMaster University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mcmaster.ca/univsec/reports_lists/S_HD_Recipients.pdf| title=Honorary Degree Recipients (Alphabetical) 1892–present)| publisher=McMaster University| access-date=February 10, 2010}}</ref>
* 2006: [[Toronto Metropolitan University|Ryerson University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ryerson.ca/calendar/2009-2010/pg1511.html|title=Ryerson University: Ryerson Honorary Doctorates|website=www.ryerson.ca|access-date=September 21, 2016|archive-date=September 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903235141/http://www.ryerson.ca/calendar/2009-2010/pg1511.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{full citation needed| date=May 2015}}
* May 16, 2008: [[Mount Saint Vincent University]], Doctor of Humane Letters (DHL)<ref>{{cite press release| title=MSVU to Confer Honorary Degrees on Former Governor General, Lieutenant Governor and Mi'kmaq Advocate| publisher=Mount Saint Vincent University| date=April 24, 2008| url=http://www.msvu.ca/MediaCentre/Releases/2008/Apr08/240408.asp| access-date=February 27, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204200804/http://www.msvu.ca/MediaCentre/Releases/2008/Apr08/240408.asp| archive-date=February 4, 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msvu.ca/en/home/aboutus/universityprofile/senate/honorarydegrees/ourhonorarydegreerecipients.aspx |title=Our honorary degree recipients |access-date=July 12, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420213352/http://www.msvu.ca/en/home/aboutus/universityprofile/senate/honorarydegrees/ourhonorarydegreerecipients.aspx |archive-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}}
* October 23, 2003: [[University of Western Ontario]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=TCE/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uwo.ca/univsec/pdf/senate/honorary/honorary_degrees_by_year.pdf |title=The University of Western Ontario Honorary Degrees Awarded, 1881 – present |website=Uwo.ca |access-date=June 1, 2017 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305142315/http://uwo.ca/univsec/pdf/senate/honorary/honorary_degrees_by_year.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}}

===Fellowships and memberships===
* 1993: [[The Royal Conservatory of Music]] [[Honorary title (academic)|Honorary Fellowship]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Fellows of The Royal Conservatory  |url=https://www.rcmusic.com/about-us/honorary-fellows-of-the-royal-conservatory |website=The Royal Conservatory of Music |access-date=2 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Massey College|Senior Fellow of Massey College]]<ref name=Bio>{{cite web|url=http://adrienneclarkson.com/En/biography.php |last=Clarkson |first=Adrienne |title=Biography |publisher=Adrienne Clarkson |access-date=September 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707084434/http://adrienneclarkson.com/En/biography.php |archive-date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref>
* [[Royal Architectural Institute of Canada|Honorary Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada]] (FRAIC (''hon''))<ref name=Bio />
* [[Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada|Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada]] (FRCPSC (''hon''))<ref name=Bio />
* [[Royal Society of Canada|Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada]] (FRSC (''hon''))<ref name=Bio />
* [[University of Trinity College|Honorary Fellow of the University of Trinity College]]<ref name=Bio />
* Honorary Director of the [[North American Native Plant Society]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nanps.org/index.php/contact-us/nanps-board| title=NANPS Board of Directors| publisher=North American Native Plant Society| access-date=June 19, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001042/http://www.nanps.org/index.php/contact-us/nanps-board| archive-date=December 31, 2013}}</ref>

===Honorific eponyms===
;Awards
* [[Clarkson Cup]]<ref name=Bio />
* Adrienne Clarkson Laureateship for Public Service, [[Massey College]], [[Toronto]]<ref name=Bio /><ref>{{cite journal|title=none| journal=MasseyNews| volume=2003–2004| issue=35| pages=1 & 15| publisher=Massey College| location=Toronto| date=October 2004}}</ref>

;Schools
* [[Adrienne Clarkson Elementary School]], [[Ottawa]]
* Adrienne Clarkson Public School, [[Richmond Hill, Ontario]]

===Arms===
{{Infobox COA wide
|image             = Adrienne Clarkson full armorial achievement.svg
|bannerimage       = 
|badgeimage        = 
|notes             = Just prior to her installation as Governor General, Clarkson was granted a personal [[coat of arms]] that depicted her Chinese roots as well as her adopted Canadian life.
|year_adopted      = October 1, 2000
|crest             = A loon (Gavia immer) calling proper naiant within a circlet of trillium flowers Argent seeded Or
|torse             = 
|helm              = 
|escutcheon        = Gules a Chinese phoenix regarding a lightning flash and rising from flames issuant from a maple leaf the whole ensigned by a representation of the Royal Crown all Or
|supporters        = Two tigers Or and Argent embellished Sable each gorged with a ribbon Gules, pendant therefrom a plate surmounted by a cross Gules
|compartment       = Rocks set with four wind-swept jack pines proper
|motto             = '''Verum Solum Dicatur, Verum Solum Accipiatur'''<br />''(May only the truth be spoken, may only the truth be heard)''
|orders            = The ribbon and insignia of a Companion of the [[Order of Canada]].<br />'''Desiderantes Meliorem Patriam'''<br />''(They desire a better country)''
|other_elements    = 
|banner            = 
|badge             = 
|symbolism         = The [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]] blends the symbolism of Clarkson's Chinese roots with that of the bird rising from the ashes, which stands for the Poy family rebuilding their lives in Canada, as embodied in the maple leaf. Further, the phoenix, whose form was proposed by Dr. Suan-Seh Foo, and is modelled on a fabric decoration from the [[Qing Dynasty]], embodies the female principle, and represents virtues in both Eastern and Western cultures: justice, prudence, fortitude, and temperance in Western mythology, and benevolence, righteousness, reverence, wisdom, and trust in Eastern mythology. The lightning flash stands for Clarkson's career as a television journalist, and the royal crown embodies the governor general's service as the sovereign's representative.

The [[trillium]]s represent both Clarkson's home province of Ontario, as well as the meaning of her Chinese first name, which is a metaphor for "ice flowering branch", while [[tiger]]s are Clarkson's favourite animals, and represent [[Tiger (zodiac)|the year in which she was born]]. The cross and white disc are based on the [[Anglican Church of Canada]]'s badge. The rocks and trees represent the landscape around Clarkson's cottage on [[Georgian Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=515&ProjectElementID=1742 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20051123055951/http://www.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=515&ProjectElementID=1742 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 23, 2005 |last=Canadian Heraldic Authority |title=The Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges of Canada > Adrienne Clarkson |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |date=October 1, 1999 |access-date=February 27, 2009 }}</ref>
|previous_versions = 
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Canada|Journalism}}
* [[Immigration to Canada]]
* [[Refugee#World War II and UNHCR|Refugee § World War II and UNHCR]]
* [[List of female viceroys in Canada]]
* [[List of governors general of Canada]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="n"}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wikisource|works=or}}
* {{official website|http://adrienneclarkson.com/}}
* [http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=55# The Governor General of Canada – Former Governors General]
* {{IMDb name|0165071}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Roméo LeBlanc]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor General of Canada]]|years=2000–2005}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michaëlle Jean]]}}
|-
{{s-prec}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edward Schreyer]]|as=former governor general}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Canadian order of precedence]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michaëlle Jean]]|as=former governor general}}
{{s-end}}

{{CanGG}}
{{Clarkson Cup}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Clarkson, Adrienne}}
[[Category:Canadian people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian Anglo-Catholics]]
[[Category:Canadian autobiographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian novelists]]
[[Category:Canadian television hosts]]
[[Category:Canadian women television journalists]]
[[Category:Governors general of Canada]]
[[Category:Journalists from Toronto]]
[[Category:Massey College, Toronto people]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Canada]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Conservatory of Music]]
[[Category:Canadian Screen Award winning journalists]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Military Merit (Canada)]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces]]
[[Category:Dames of Justice of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Royal Military College of Canada people]]
[[Category:Trinity College (Canada) alumni]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Toronto]]
[[Category:Canadian women viceroys]]
[[Category:Canadian women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Chief Scouts of Canada]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian women novelists]]
[[Category:Hakka writers]]
[[Category:Refugees in Canada]]
[[Category:Hong Kong emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Lisgar Collegiate Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Canadian women television hosts]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Female governors-general]]
[[Category:Canadian Screen Award winning writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Toronto]]
[[Category:Novelists from Ottawa]]