View source for Agriculture in the United States

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[[File:Wheat harvest.jpg|210px|thumb|A [[wheat]] harvest on the [[Palouse]]<br />in [[North Central Idaho|North Central]] [[Idaho]]]]
{{Economy of the United States sidebar}}
[[File:Agriculture (Plowing) CNE-v1-p58-H.jpg|thumb|210px|This photo from a 1921 encyclopedia<br />shows a&nbsp;[[tractor]] plowing a crop field.]]
[[File:Cotton Gin - Flickr - USDAgov.jpg|thumb|Worker overseeing cotton gin, ca. 1940s]]

[[Agriculture]] is a major industry in the [[United States]], which is a net exporter of food.<ref>[https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/foreign-agricultural-trade-of-the-united-states-fatus/us-agricultural-trade-data-update "Latest U.S. Agricultural Trade Data."]  USDA Economic Research Service. Ed. Stephen MacDonald. USDA, 6 Sept. 2018.</ref> As of the 2017 [[United States Census of Agriculture|census of agriculture]], there were 2.04 million farms, covering an area of {{convert|900|e6acre|mi2}}, an average of {{convert|441|acre|hectare}} per farm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://farmlandinfo.org/2017-census-of-agriculture/ |title=2017 Census of Agriculture |publisher=farmlandinfo.org |date=2019-04-11 |access-date=2021-09-04 |archive-date=2021-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904050425/https://farmlandinfo.org/2017-census-of-agriculture/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Agriculture in the [[United States]]''' is highly mechanized, with an average of only one farmer or farm laborer required per square kilometer of farmland for agricultural production.

Even though agricultural activity occurs in every [[U.S. state]], it is particularly concentrated in the [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] of California and in the [[Great Plains]], a vast expanse of flat arable land in the center of the nation, in the region west of the [[Great Lakes]] and east of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. The eastern wetter half is a major corn and soybean-producing region known as the [[Corn Belt]], and the western drier half is known as the [[Wheat production in the United States#Geography|Wheat Belt]] because of its high rate of wheat production.<ref>Hatfield, J., 2012: Agriculture in the Midwest. In: [http://glisa.msu.edu/docs/NCA/MTIT_Agriculture.pdf U.S. National Climate Assessment Midwest Technical Input Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621073212/http://glisa.msu.edu/docs/NCA/MTIT_Agriculture.pdf |date=2013-06-21 }}. J. Winkler, J. Andresen, J. Hatfield, D. Bidwell, and D. Brown, coordinators. Available from the Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments (GLISA) Center</ref> The [[Central Valley of California#Agriculture|Central Valley of California]] produces [[fruits]], [[vegetables]], and [[nut (fruit)|nuts]]. The [[Southern United States#Late 19th and 20th century—industrialization and Great Migration|American South]] has historically been a large producer of [[cotton]], [[tobacco]], and [[rice]], but it has declined in agricultural production over the past century. [[Florida]] leads the nation in citrus production and is the number two producer of oranges in the world behind only [[Brazil]].

The U.S. has led developments in seed improvement, such as [[heterosis|hybridization]], and in expanding uses for crops from the work of [[George Washington Carver]] to [[bioplastic]]s and [[biofuel]]s. The [[mechanised agriculture|mechanization of farming]] and [[intensive farming]] have been major themes in [[U.S. history]], including [[John Deere (inventor)|John Deere]]'s steel plow, [[Cyrus McCormick]]'s [[mechanical reaper]], [[Eli Whitney]]'s [[cotton gin]], and the widespread success of the [[Fordson]] tractor and the [[combine harvester]]. Modern agriculture in the U.S. ranges from [[hobby farm]]s and small-scale producers to large [[corporate farming|commercial farms]] that cover thousands of acres of cropland or [[rangeland]].

==History==
{{Main|History of agriculture in the United States}}
[[File:CottonNegrosSouth.jpg|[[Cotton production in the United States|Cotton farming]] on a [[Plantation complexes in the Southern United States|Southern plantation]] in 1921|thumb]]
[[maize|Corn]], [[turkeys]], [[tomatoes]], [[potatoes]], [[peanut]]s, and [[sunflower seed]]s constitute some of the major holdovers from the [[New World crops|agricultural endowment of the Americas]].

Colonists had more access to land in the colonial United States than they did in Europe. The organization of labor was complex including free persons, slaves and indentured servants depending on the regions where either slaves or poor landless laborers were available to work on family farms.<ref>Cathy D. Matson, ''The Economy of Early America,'' p. 28</ref>

European agricultural practices greatly affected the [[New England]] landscape. Colonists brought livestock over from Europe which caused many changes to the land. Grazing animals required a lot of land and food and the act of grazing itself destroyed native grasses, which were being replaced by European species. New species of weeds were introduced and began to thrive as they were capable of withstanding the grazing of animals, whereas native species could not.<ref name="Cronon, William 2003">Cronon, William. ''Changes in the Land : Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England''. New York: Hill & Wang, 2003.</ref>

The practices associated with keeping livestock also contributed to the deterioration of the forests and fields. Colonists would cut down the trees and then allow their cattle and livestock to graze freely in the forest and never plant more trees. The animals trampled and tore up the ground so much as to cause long-term destruction and damage.<ref name="Cronon, William 2003"/>

[[Soil retrogression and degradation|Soil exhaustion]] was a huge problem in New England agriculture. Farming with oxen did allow the colonist to farm more land but it increased erosion and decreased [[soil fertility]]. This was due to deeper plow cuts in the soil that allowed the soil more contact with oxygen causing [[nutrient depletion]]. In grazing fields in New England, the soil was being compacted by the large number of cattle and this did not give the soil enough oxygen to sustain life.<ref name="Cronon, William 2003"/>

In the United States, farms spread from the colonies westward along with the settlers. In cooler regions, [[wheat]] was often the crop of choice when lands were newly settled, leading to a "wheat frontier" that moved westward over the course of years. Also very common in the antebellum [[Midwest]] was farming [[maize|corn]] while raising [[Hog (swine)|hog]]s, complementing each other especially since it was difficult to get grain to market before the canals and railroads. After the "wheat frontier" had passed through an area, more diversified farms including [[dairy cattle]] generally took its place. Warmer regions saw plantings of [[cotton]] and herds of [[beef cattle]]. In the early colonial South, raising [[tobacco]] and cotton was common, especially through the use of slave labor until the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. With an established source for labor, and the development of the [[cotton gin]] in 1793, the South was able to maintain an economy based on the production of cotton. By the late 1850s, the South produced one-hundred percent of the 374 million pounds of cotton used in the United States. The rapid growth in cotton production was possible because of the availability of slaves.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Follett, Richard|title=Plantation kingdom : the American South and its global commodities|date=April 2016|publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-1-4214-1940-4|oclc=951115501}}</ref> In the northeast, slaves were used in agriculture until the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=Gavin |title=Slavery and American Agricultural History |journal=Agricultural History |date=2003 |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=536–547 |doi=10.1215/00021482-77.4.527 |jstor=3744933 |s2cid=247873299  |issn=0002-1482}}</ref> In the Midwest, slavery was prohibited by the [[Northwest Ordinance|Freedom Ordinance of 1787]].
[[File:Agricultural output United States.svg|thumb|2015 US$ value of agricultural output of the US since 1961]]
The introduction and broad adoption of scientific agriculture since the mid-19th century contributed to economic growth in the United States. This development was facilitated by the [[Morrill Act]] and the [[Hatch Act of 1887]] which established in each state a [[land-grant university]] (with a mission to teach and study agriculture) and a federally funded system of [[agricultural experiment station]]s and [[cooperative extension]] networks which place [[extension agent]]s in each state.

[[Soybean]]s were not widely cultivated in the United States until the early 1930s, and by 1942 it became the world's largest soybean producer, due in part to World War II and the "need for domestic sources of fats, oils, and meal". Between 1930 and 1942, the United States' share of world soybean production grew from 3% to 47%, and by 1969 it had risen to 76%. By 1973 soybeans were the United States' "number one [[cash crop]], and leading export commodity, ahead of both wheat and corn".<ref>{{Cite book|title = History of World Soybean Production and Trade{{snd}}Part 1|last1 = Shurtleff|first1 = William|publisher = Unpublished Manuscript, History of Soybeans and Soyfoods, 1100 B.C. to the 1980s|year = 2004|location = Soyfoods Center, Lafayette, California|last2 = Aoyagi|first2 = Akiko|url = http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/production_and_trade1.php|access-date = 2014-11-30|archive-date = 2019-06-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190603210608/http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/production_and_trade1.php|url-status = live}}</ref> Although soybeans developed as the top [[cash crop]], [[maize|corn]] also remains as an important commodity. As the basis for "industrial food," corn is found in most modern day items at the grocery store. Aside from items like candy and soda, which contain [[High-fructose corn syrup|high fructose corn-syrup]], corn is also found in non-edible items like the shining wax on store advertisements.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pollan|first=Michael|title=The omnivore's dilemma: a natural history of four meals|date=2007|publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-303858-0|language=English|oclc=148696764}}</ref>

Significant areas of farmland were abandoned during the [[Great Depression]] and incorporated into nascent [[United States National Forest|national forest]]s. Later, "Sodbuster" and "Swampbuster" restrictions written into federal farm programs starting in the 1970s reversed a decades-long trend of [[habitat destruction]] that began in 1942 when farmers were encouraged to plant all possible land in support of the war effort. In the United States, federal programs administered through local [[Soil and Water Conservation District]]s provide [[technical assistance]] and partial funding to farmers who wish to implement management practices to conserve soil and limit erosion and floods.<ref>Schapsmeier, Edward L; and Frederick H. Schapsmeier. ''Encyclopedia of American agricultural history'' (1975) [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000scha online]</ref>

Farmers in the early United States were open to planting new crops, raising new animals and adopting new innovations as increased agricultural productivity in turn increased the demand for shipping services, containers, credit, storage, and the like.<ref>Cathy D. Matson, ''The Economy of Early America,'' p. 27</ref>

Although four million farms disappeared in the United States between 1948 and 2015, total output from the farms that remained more than doubled. The number of farms with more than {{convert|2000|acres}} almost doubled between 1987 and 2012, while the number of farms with {{convert|200|acres}} to {{convert|999|acres}} fell over the same period by 44%.<ref name=time>[https://time.com/5736789/small-american-farmers-debt-crisis-extinction/ "'They're Trying to Wipe Us Off the Map.' Small American Farmers Are Nearing Extinction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810200625/https://time.com/5736789/small-american-farmers-debt-crisis-extinction/ |date=2021-08-10 }} – ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', November 27, 2019</ref>

Farm productivity increased in the United States from the mid-20th century until the late-20th century when productivity began to stall.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pardey|first1=Philip G.|last2=Alston|first2=Julian M.|date=2021|title=Unpacking the Agricultural Black Box: The Rise and Fall of American Farm Productivity Growth|journal=The Journal of Economic History|language=en|volume=81|issue=1|pages=114–155|doi=10.1017/S0022050720000649|s2cid=232199950 |issn=0022-0507|doi-access=}}</ref>

From 1986 to 2018 about 30 million acres of cropland were abandoned.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-07 |title=Tens of millions of acres of cropland lie abandoned, study shows |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/06/08/abandoned-cropland-ogallala-aquifer/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

== Production ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Agricultural rankings as of 2018
! Crop !! Ranking !! Output
(000 tons)
!Notes
|-
| [[Corn production in the United States|Corn]] || 1 by far ||392,000 ||
|-
| [[Soybean|Soy]] || 1 ||123,600||surpassed by Brazil in 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://6minutos.uol.com.br/agencia-estado/brasil-retoma-posto-de-maior-produtor-de-soja-do-planeta/ |title=Brazil surpasses the USA and resumes the position of largest producer of soy 00 0the planet |access-date=2021-02-10 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414033304/https://6minutos.uol.com.br/agencia-estado/brasil-retoma-posto-de-maior-produtor-de-soja-do-planeta/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Wheat]] || 4 || 51,200 || behind China, India, and Russia
|-
| [[Sugar beet]]s ||3 || 30,000 ||behind Russia, and France
|-
| [[Sugar cane]] || 10 || 31,300||
|-
| [[Potato]]es || 5|| 20,600 || behind China, India, Russia, and Ukraine
|-
| [[Tomato]]es || 3|| 12,600 || behind China and India
|-
| [[Cotton production in the United States|Cotton]] ||3 || 11,400 || behind China and India
|-
| [[Rice production in the United States|Rice]] || 12|| 10,100 ||
|-
| [[Sorghum]] ||1 || 9,200||
|-
| [[Grape]]s ||3 || 6,800|| behind China and Italy
|-
| [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]]s || 4|| 4,800 || behind Brazil, China, and India
|-
| [[Apple]]s ||2 || 4,600|| behind China
|-
| [[Lettuce]] and [[Chicory]]|| 2|| 3,600||behind China
|-
| [[Barley]] || || 3,300||
|-
| [[Onion]]s || 3|| 3,200 || behind China and India
|-
| [[Peanut]]s || 3|| 2,400 || behind China and India
|-
| [[Almond]]s || 1|| 1,800||
|-
| [[Bean]]s || ||1,700 ||
|-
| [[Watermelon]]s ||||1,700||
|-
| [[Rapeseed]]||||1,600 ||
|-
|  [[Carrot]]s || 3|| 1,500|| behind China and Uzbekistan
|-
| [[Strawberry|Strawberr]]ies || 2|| 1,300|| behind China
|-
| [[Cauliflower]] and [[Broccoli]] ||3 || 1,200|| behind China and India
|-
| [[Sunflower seed]]s ||||960 ||
|-
| [[Oat]]s ||10 || 814 ||
|-
| [[Lemon]]s ||8 || 812 ||
|-
| [[Tangerine]]s ||||804 ||
|-
| [[Pear]]s ||3 || 730 || behind China and Italy
|-
| [[Green pea]]s ||3 || 722 || behind China and India
|-
| [[Peach]]es || 6|| 700 ||
|-
| [[Walnut]]s || 2|| 613 || behind China
|-
| [[Pistachio]]s || 2|| 447 || behind Iran
|-
| [[Lentil]]s || 3|| 381  || behind Canada and India
|-
| [[Spinach]] || 2|| 384|| behind China
|-
| [[Plum]]s || 4|| 368 || behind China, Romania, and Serbia
|-
| [[Tobacco]] || 4|| 241 || behind China, Brazil, and India
|}
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, such as [[melon]] (872), [[pumpkin]] (683), [[grapefruit]] (558), [[cranberry]] (404), [[cherry]] (312), [[blueberry]] (255), [[rye]] (214), [[olive]] (138), and others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/|title=FAOSTAT|website=www.fao.org|access-date=2021-02-10|archive-date=2017-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511194947/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Major agricultural products==
[[File:Crops Kansas AST 20010624.jpg|thumb|300px|Satellite image of circular crop fields characteristic of [[center pivot irrigation]] in [[Kansas]] (June 2001). ]]
[[Tonne]]s of United States agriculture production, as reported by the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO) of the U.N. in 2003 and 2013 (ranked roughly in order of value):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E |title=FAOSTAT |publisher=faostat3.fao.org |access-date=2015-11-26 |archive-date=2016-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019111658/http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Millions of Tonnes in
! 2003
! 2013
|-
|[[Maize|Corn]] ||align="right"| 256.0 ||align="right"| 354.0
|-
|[[Cattle]] meat ||align="right"| 12.0 ||align="right"| 11.7
|-
|Cow's [[milk]], whole, fresh ||align="right"| 77.0 ||align="right"| 91.0
|-
|[[Chicken]] meat ||align="right"| 14.7 ||align="right"| 17.4
|-
|[[Soybean]]s ||align="right"| 67.0 ||align="right"| 89.0
|-
|[[Pig]] meat ||align="right"| 9.1 ||align="right"| 10.5
|-
|[[Wheat]] ||align="right"| 64.0 ||align="right"| 58.0
|-
|[[Cotton]] lint ||align="right"| 4.0 ||align="right"| 2.8
|-
|Hen [[Egg (food)|egg]]s ||align="right"| 5.2 ||align="right"| 5.6
|-
|[[Domesticated turkey|Turkey]] meat ||align="right"| 2.5 ||align="right"| 2.6
|-
|[[Tomato]]es ||align="right"| 11.4 ||align="right"| 12.6
|-
|[[Potato]]es ||align="right"| 20.8 ||align="right"| 19.8
|-
|[[Grape]]s ||align="right"| 5.9 ||align="right"| 7.7
|-
|[[Orange (fruit)|Orange]]s ||align="right"| 10.4 ||align="right"| 7.6
|-
|[[Rice]], paddy ||align="right"| 9.1 ||align="right"| 8.6
|-
|[[Apple]]s ||align="right"| 3.9 ||align="right"| 4.1
|-
|[[Commercial sorghum|Sorghum]] ||align="right"| 10.4 ||align="right"| 9.9
|-
|[[Lettuce]] ||align="right"| 4.7 ||align="right"| 3.6
|-
|[[Cottonseed oil|Cottonseed]] ||align="right"| 6.0 ||align="right"| 5.6
|-
|[[Sugar beet]]s ||align="right"| 30.7 ||align="right"| 29.8
|}

Other crops appearing in the top 20 at some point in the last 40 years were: [[tobacco]], [[barley]], and [[oat]]s, and, rarely: [[peanut]]s, [[almond]]s, and [[sunflower seed]]s. [[Alfalfa]] and [[hay]] would both be in the top ten in 2003 if they were tracked by FAO.

===Crops===
{{see also|Corn Belt|Rice Belt|Cotton Belt|Fruit Belt}}
[[File:Crop fields in the United States.webp|thumb|Crop fields in the United States]]

====Value of production====
[[File:Woodruff Paddy Fields.jpg|thumb|[[Paddy field|Rice paddy]], California]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Major Crops in the U.S.
! 1997<br />(in US$ billions)
! 2014<br />(in US$ billions)
|-
|[[Maize|Corn]] || $24.4 || $52.3
|-
|[[Soybeans]] || $17.7 || $40.3
|-
|[[Wheat]] || $8.6 || $11.9
|-
|[[Alfalfa]] || $8.3 || $10.8
|-
|[[Cotton]] || $6.1 || $5.1
|-
|[[Hay]], (non-Alfalfa) || $5.1 || $8.4
|-
|[[Tobacco]] || $3.0 || $1.8
|-
|[[Rice]] || $1.7 || $3.1
|-
|[[Sorghum]] || $1.4 || $1.7
|-
|[[Barley]] || $0.9 || $0.9
|-
! Source
!''1997 [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]]{{snd}}NASS reports,''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/CropRank/98180/crprnkus.txt |title=United States Crop Rankings{{snd}}1997 Production Year |access-date=2014-04-01 |archive-date=2014-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823113627/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/CropRank/98180/crprnkus.txt |url-status=live }}</ref>
!''2015 [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]]-NASS reports,''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/CropValuSu/CropValuSu-02-24-2015_correction.pdf |title=Crop Values – 2014 Summary |access-date=2015-11-26 |archive-date=2015-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911000222/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/CropValuSu/CropValuSu-02-24-2015_correction.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
{{Clear}}

Note alfalfa and hay are not tracked by the FAO and the production of tobacco in the United States has fallen 60% between 1997 and 2003.

====Yield====
Heavily mechanized, U.S. agriculture has a high yield relative to other countries. As of 2004:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/agr05/05_ch9.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409064305/http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/agr05/05_ch9.PDF|archive-date=2008-04-09 |title=Chapter IX: Farm Resources, Income, and Expenses |access-date=2014-04-01}}</ref>
* Corn for grain, average of 160.4 bushels harvested per acre (10.07 t/ha)
* Soybean for beans, average of 42.5 bushels harvested per acre (2.86 t/ha)
* Wheat, average of 43.2 bushels harvested per acre (2.91 t/ha, was 44.2 bu/ac or 2.97 t/ha in 2003)

===Livestock===
[[File:US cattle density 2007.jpg|right|thumb|Density of cattle and calves by county in 2007.]]
The major livestock industries in the United States:
* [[Dairy cattle]]
* [[Beef]] cattle
* [[Pig]]
* [[Poultry]]
* [[Seafood]]
* [[Sheep]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+
'''U.S. livestock and poultry inventory<ref>USDA. 2004. 2002 Census of agriculture. United States summary and state data. Vol. 1. Geographic area series. Part 51. AC-02-A-51. 663 pp.</ref><ref>USDA. 2009. 2007 Census of agriculture. United States summary and state data. Vol. 1. Geographic area series. Part 51. AC-07-A-51. 739 pp.</ref><ref>USDA. 2014. 2012 Census of agriculture. United States summary and state data. Vol. 1. Geographic area series. Part 51. AC-12-A-51. 695 pp.</ref>'''
!Type
!1997
!2002
!2007
!2012
|-
|Cattle and calves
| 99,907,017
|95,497,994
|96,347,858
|89,994,614
|-
|Hogs and pigs
|61,188,149
|60,405,103
|67,786,318
|66,026,785
|-
|Sheep and lambs
|8,083,457
|6,341,799
|5,819,162
|5,364,844
|-
|[[Broilers]]<br />& other meat chickens
|1,214,446,356
|1,389,279,047
|1,602,574,592
|1,506,276,846
|-
|Laying hens
|314,144,304
|334,435,155
|349,772,558
|350,715,978
|}

[[Goat]]s, [[horse]]s, [[turkey (bird)|turkey]]s and [[beekeeping|bees]] are also raised, though in lesser quantities. Inventory data is not as readily available as for the major industries. For the three major goat-producing states—Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas—there were 1.2 million goats at the end of 2002. There were 5.3 million horses in the United States at the end of 1998. There were 2.5 million colonies of bees at the end of 2005.

==Farm type or majority enterprise type==
Farm type is based on which commodities are the majority crops grown on a farm. Nine common types include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib746/aib746e.pdf |title=Appendix A: Glossary |access-date=2014-04-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318215805/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib746/aib746e.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FarmStructure/Questions/smallfarmsinag.htm |title=ERS/USDA Briefing Room{{snd}}Farm Structure: Questions and Answers |access-date=2014-04-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209014258/http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FarmStructure/Questions/smallfarmsinag.htm |archive-date=February 9, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usda.gov/factbook/chapter3.pdf|title=Chapter 3: American Farms|access-date=2014-04-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824230910/http://www.usda.gov/factbook/chapter3.pdf|archive-date=2014-08-24}}</ref>
* Cash grains includes [[maize|corn]], [[soybean]]s and other grains ([[wheat]], [[oat]]s, [[barley]], [[sorghum]]), dry edible [[bean]]s, [[pea]]s, and [[rice]].
* [[Tobacco]]
* [[Cotton]]
* Other field crops includes [[peanut]]s, [[potato]]es, [[sunflower]]s, [[sweet potato]]es, [[sugarcane]], broomcorn, [[popcorn]], [[sugar beet]]s, [[mentha|mint]], [[hops]], seed crops, [[hay]], [[silage]], forage, etc. Tobacco and cotton can be included here if not in their own separate category.
* High-value crops includes [[fruit]]s, [[vegetable]]s, [[melon]]s, [[tree nut]]s, [[greenhouse]], [[Nursery (horticulture)|nursery]] crops, and horticultural specialties.
* [[Cattle]]
* [[Domestic pig|Hogs]]
* [[Dairy]]
* [[Poultry]] and [[Egg (food)|eggs]]

One characteristic of the [[Agriculture|agricultural]] industry that sets it apart from others is the number of individuals who are [[Self-employment|self-employed]]. Frequently, [[farmer]]s and [[Ranchers-Cattlemen Action Legal Fund v. USDA|ranchers]] are both the principal operator, the individual responsible for successful management and day-to-day decisions, and the primary laborer for his or her operation. For agricultural workers that sustain an injury, the resultant loss of work has implications on physical health and financial stability.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Volkmer|first1=Katrin|last2=Molitor|first2=Whitney Lucas|date=2019-01-02|title=Interventions Addressing Injury among Agricultural Workers: A Systematic Review|journal=Journal of Agromedicine|volume=24|issue=1|pages=26–34|doi=10.1080/1059924X.2018.1536573|issn=1059-924X|pmid=30317926|s2cid=52980325}}</ref>

The United States has over 14,000 [[Organic certification|certified organic]] farms, covering more than 5 million acres, though this is less than 1% of total US farmland. The output of these farms has grown substantially since 2011, and exceeded US$7.5 billion in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=Kristi |last2=Bialik |first2=Kristen |title=Organic farming is on the rise in the U.S. |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/10/organic-farming-is-on-the-rise-in-the-u-s/ |access-date=13 October 2019 |agency=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Charitable Trusts |date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

==Governance==

[[File:United States farm subsidies (source Congressional Budget Office).svg|thumb|Agriculture subsidy, from a [[Congressional Budget Office]] report. Note: chart does not show sugar subsidies.]]
{{Main|Agricultural policy of the United States|Agricultural subsidy}}
Agriculture in the United States is primarily governed by periodically renewed [[United States farm bill|U.S. farm bill]]s. Governance is both a federal and a local responsibility with the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] being the federal department responsible. Government aid includes research into crop types and regional suitability as well as many kinds of federal government subsidies, price supports and loan programs. U.S. farmers are not subject to [[production quota]]s and some laws are different for farms compared to other workplaces.<ref>Willard Cochrane, ''The Development of American Agriculture: A Historical Analysis'' (1998)</ref><ref>Daniel A. Sumner, et al.  "Evolution of the economics of agricultural policy." ''American Journal of Agricultural Economics'' 92.2 (2010): 403–423 [https://cooperative-individualism.org/sumner-daniel_evolution-of-the-economics-of-agricultural-policy-2010-apr.pdf online].</ref><ref>Murray Benedict, ''Farm Policies of the United States, 1790-1950: A study of their origins and development'' (1953).</ref>

Labor laws prohibiting children in other workplaces provide some exemptions for children working on farms with complete exemptions for children working on their family's farm.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exemptions to the FLSA |url=https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/youthlabor/exemptionsflsa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110094356/http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/youthlabor/exemptionsflsa |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 10, 2016 |website=www.dol.gov}}</ref> Children can also gain permits from vocational training schools or [[4-H]] clubs which allow them to do jobs they would otherwise not be permitted to do.

A large part of the U.S. farm workforce is made up of migrant and seasonal workers, many of them recent immigrants from Latin America. Additional laws apply to these workers and their housing which is often provided by the farmer.

==Farm labor==

{{Excerpt|Farmworkers in the United States}}
[[File:El Cerrito, San Miguel County, New Mexico. The WPA road gangs employ men from all the villages. In . . . - NARA - 521236.jpg|alt=A group of men, all wearing similarly styled overalls and wide-brimmed hats, are bent over, kneeling, and standing in a field. It appears as though most also wield a hammer-like tool.|thumb|A group of men in San Miguel County, New Mexico performing manual labor. |193x193px]]

==Occupational safety and health==
{{Main|Agricultural safety and health}}
Agriculture ranks among the most hazardous industries due to the use of chemicals and risk of injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/agriculture/|title=NIOSH- Agriculture|access-date=2007-10-10|publisher=United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071009224012/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/agriculture/| archive-date= 9 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=NIOSHblog>{{cite web |url = http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2013/05/13/womens-health-at-work/ |title = Women's Health at Work |publisher = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |access-date = 21 January 2015 |date = 13 May 2013 |first1 = Naomi |last1 = Swanson |first2 = Julie |last2 = Tisdale-Pardi |first3 = Leslie |last3 = MacDonald |first4 = Hope M. |last4 = Tiesman |archive-date = 18 January 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150118223513/http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2013/05/13/womens-health-at-work/ |url-status = live }}</ref> Farmers are at high risk for fatal and nonfatal injuries (general [[traumatic injury]] and [[musculoskeletal injury]]), work-related lung diseases, [[noise-induced hearing loss]], skin diseases, chemical-related illnesses, and certain cancers associated with chemical use and prolonged sun exposure.<ref name=NIOSHblog/><ref name=NIOSH_Pest>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-108/ |title=NIOSH Pesticide Poisoning MOnitoring Program Protects Farmworkers |date=2009-07-31 |access-date=2014-04-01 |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2012108 |doi-access=free |journal=CDC |archive-date=2013-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402004253/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-108/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title = Acute pesticide poisoning among agricultural workers in the United States, 1998–2005|journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine|date = Dec 2008|issn = 1097-0274|pmid = 18666136|pages = 883–898|volume = 51|issue = 12|doi = 10.1002/ajim.20623|first1 = Geoffrey M.|last1 = Calvert|first2 = Jennifer|last2 = Karnik|first3 = Louise|last3 = Mehler|first4 = John|last4 = Beckman|first5 = Barbara|last5 = Morrissey|first6 = Jennifer|last6 = Sievert|first7 = Rosanna|last7 = Barrett|first8 = Michelle|last8 = Lackovic|first9 = Laura|last9 = Mabee|s2cid = 9020012}}</ref> In an average year, 516 workers die doing farm work in the U.S. (1992–2005). Every day, about 243 agricultural workers suffer lost-work-time injuries, and about 5% of these result in permanent impairment.<ref name=NIOSH_AgInj>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aginjury/|title=NIOSH- Agriculture Injury|access-date=2007-10-10|publisher=United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071028181205/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aginjury/| archive-date= 28 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Tractor overturns are the leading cause of agriculture-related fatal injuries, and account for over 90 deaths every year. The [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] recommends the use of [[roll over protection structures]] on tractors to reduce the risk of overturn-related fatal injuries.<ref name=NIOSH_AgInj />[[File:Westley, Stanislaus County, San Joaquin, California. Migratory labor camp (F.S.A.) seen from water t . . . - NARA - 521761.jpg|alt=A black and white image shows approximately 20 tents or trailers lined up in a field next to pea field that is being harvested. The largest tent is in the very back and is an emergency community school for migrant children. The pea fields and some mountains take up the rest of the background.|thumb|Pea harvesting season in San Joaquin, California calls for temporary labor camps to be set up for workers to live in close proximity to their work. |210x210px]]
[[File:Caution Sign Pesticide Spraying.jpg|alt=This is in Manito Park in Spokane, WA. It is a red-and-white caution sign warning of pesticide usage. "Caution: Pesticide Spraying. Enter at your own risk" is written.|thumb|209x209px|Caution sign warning of pesticide usage, located in Manito Park in Spokane, WA.]]
Farming is one of the few industries in which families (who often share the work and live on the premises) are also at risk for injuries, illness, and death. Agriculture is the most dangerous industry for young workers, accounting for 42% of all work-related fatalities of young workers in the U.S. between 1992 and 2000. In 2011, 108 youth, less than 20 years of age, died from farm-related injuries.<ref name="Youth">[https://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/agriculturaloperations/youngworkers.html Youth in Agriculture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109224535/https://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/agriculturaloperations/youngworkers.html|date=2019-01-09}}, OHSA, accessed January 21, 2014</ref> Unlike other industries, half the young victims in agriculture were under age 15.<ref>NIOSH [2003]. Unpublished analyses of the 1992–2000 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Special Research Files provided to NIOSH by the [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] (includes more detailed data than the research file, but excludes data from New York City). Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, Special Studies Section. Unpublished database.</ref> For young agricultural workers aged 15–17, the risk of fatal injury is four times the risk for young workers in other workplaces<ref>BLS [2000]. Report on the youth labor force. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, pp. 58–67.</ref> Agricultural work exposes young workers to safety hazards such as machinery, confined spaces, work at elevations, and work around livestock. The most common causes of fatal farm-related youth injuries involve machinery, motor vehicles, or drowning. Together these three causes comprise more than half of all fatal injuries to youth on U.S. farms.<ref name="NIOSH guidelines impact">{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-129/ |title=Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks Demonstrate Effectiveness |date=2009-07-31 |access-date=2014-04-01 |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011129 |journal=CDC |archive-date=2014-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202155952/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-129/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Women in agriculture (including the related industries of [[forestry]] and [[fishing]]) numbered 556,000 in 2011.<ref name=NIOSHblog/>
Agriculture in the U.S. makes up approximately 75% of the [[Pesticides in the United States|country's pesticide use]]. Agricultural workers are at high risk for being exposed to dangerous levels of pesticides, whether or not they are directly working with the chemicals.<ref name=":0" /> For example, with issues like [[pesticide drift]], farmworkers are not the only ones exposed to these chemicals; nearby residents come into contact with the pesticides as well.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Deziel|first1=Nicole C.|last2=Friesen|first2=Melissa C.|last3=Hoppin|first3=Jane A.|last4=Hines|first4=Cynthia J.|last5=Thomas|first5=Kent|last6=Freeman|first6=Laura E. Beane|date=2015-06-01|title=A Review of Nonoccupational Pathways for Pesticide Exposure in Women Living in Agricultural Areas|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=123|issue=6|pages=515–524|doi=10.1289/ehp.1408273|pmc=4455586|pmid=25636067}}</ref> The frequent exposure to these pesticides can have detrimental effects on humans, resulting in adverse health reactions associated with [[pesticide poisoning]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kasner|first1=Edward J.|last2=Prado|first2=Joanne B.|last3=Yost|first3=Michael G.|last4=Fenske|first4=Richard A.|date=2021-03-15|title=Examining the role of wind in human illness due to pesticide drift in Washington state, 2000–2015|journal=Environmental Health|volume=20|issue=1|pages=26|doi=10.1186/s12940-021-00693-3|issn=1476-069X|pmc=7958705|pmid=33722241 |bibcode=2021EnvHe..20...26K |doi-access=free }}</ref> Migrant workers, especially women, are at higher risk for health issues associated with pesticide exposure due to lack of training or appropriate safety precautions.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Habib|first1=R.R.|last2=Fathallah|first2=F.A.|title=Migrant women farm workers in the occupational health literature|journal=Work|date=2012|volume=41|issue=1|pages=4356–4362|doi=10.3233/WOR-2012-0101-4356|pmid=22317389|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal|last1=Garcia|first1=Ana M.|title=Pesticide Exposure and Women's Health|journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine|date=2003|volume=44|issue=6|pages=584–594|doi=10.1002/ajim.10256|pmid=14635235}}</ref> United States agricultural workers experience 10,000 cases or more of physician-diagnosed [[pesticide poisoning]] annually.<ref>{{cite news |title=NIOSH Pesticide Poisoning Monitoring Program Protects Farmworkers |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-108/default.html |access-date=20 March 2021 |agency=[[NIOSH]] |date=December 2011 |archive-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322094735/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-108/default.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Research centers===
{{excerpt|Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health|List of NIOSH Ag Safety Centers|only=paragraph}}

=== Farmer suicide ===
{{Excerpt|Farmers' suicides in the United States}}

== Environmental issues ==

=== Climate change ===
{{Excerpt|Climate change and agriculture in the United States}}

==Demographics==
The number of women working in agriculture has risen and the 2002 census of agriculture recorded a 40% increase in the number of female farm workers.<ref name=":5">Albright, Carmen (2006). "Who's Running The Farm?: Changes and characteristics of Arkansas women in Agriculture". American Agricultural Economics Association: 1315–1322.</ref> Inequality and respect are common issues for these workers, as many have reported that they are not being respected, listened to, or taken seriously due to traditional views of women as housewives and caretakers.<ref>Jones, L. (2015). "North Carolina's Farm Women: Plowing around Obstacles". University of Georgia Press.</ref>

Women may also face resistance when attempting to advance to higher positions. Other issues reported by female farm workers include receiving less pay than their male counterparts and a refusal or reluctance by their employers to offer their female workers the same additional benefits given to male workers such as housing.<ref>Golichenko, M.; Sarang, A. (2013). "Farm labor, reproductive justice: Migrant women farmworkers in the US". Health and Human Rights.</ref>

As of 2012, there were 44,629 African-American farmers in the United States. The vast majority of  African-American farmers were in southern states.<ref>{{cite web|title=USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service – Highlights|url=https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Highlights/Black_Farmers/Highlights_Black_Farmers.pdf|website=USDA National Agricultural Statistics|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-date=9 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209064428/https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Highlights/Black_Farmers/Highlights_Black_Farmers.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Industry ==
{{See also|Poultry farming in the United States#Industry overview|Pig_farming#Industry_overview|Meat-packing industry}}

Historically, farmland has been owned by small property owners, but as of 2017 institutional investors, including foreign corporations, had been purchasing farmland.<ref name="newfoodeconomy.org">{{Cite web|url=https://newfoodeconomy.org/who-really-owns-american-farmland/|title=Who really owns American farmland? – The New Food Economy|date=2017-07-31|website=New Food Economy|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-06-18|archive-date=2019-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618032511/https://newfoodeconomy.org/who-really-owns-american-farmland/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013 the largest producer of pork, [[Smithfield Foods]], was bought by a company from China.<ref name="newfoodeconomy.org"/>

As of 2017, only about 4% of farms have sales over $1m, but these farms yield two-thirds of total output.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2017/11/crop-choices-farm-size-changes-time-low-corn-soybean-prices/|title=Crop Choices, Farm Size: Changes in a Time of Low Corn and Soybean Prices • Farm Policy News|last=Good|first=Keith|date=2017-11-08|website=Farm Policy News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-18|archive-date=2019-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618063147/https://farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2017/11/crop-choices-farm-size-changes-time-low-corn-soybean-prices/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of these are large farms have grown organically from private family-owned businesses.<ref name=":1" />

In the case of the [[meat-packing industry]], large processing companies such as [[Tyson Foods]], [[Hormel Foods]] and [[Pilgrim's Pride]] contract out to farmers to grow the chickens or then to then processing, package, and possibly market under their own brands.<ref name="Sainato">{{Cite news |last=Sainato |first=Michael |date=2020-03-14 |title='I can't get above water': how America's chicken giant Perdue controls farmers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/14/i-cant-get-above-water-how-americas-chicken-giant-perdue-controls-farmers |access-date=2025-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> For example, in the 1960s, poultry processing companies experimented with owning and operating their own farms, but shifted away from it in later decades.<ref name="Sainato"/>

==Land ownership laws==
As of 2019, six states—[[Hawaii]], [[Iowa]], [[Minnesota]], [[Mississippi]], [[North Dakota]], and [[Oklahoma]]—have laws banning foreign ownership of farmland. [[Missouri]], [[Ohio]], and Oklahoma are looking to introduce bills banning foreign ownership as of 2019.<ref name="agriculture.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/farm-management/farm-land/as-foreign-investment-in-us-farmland-grows-efforts-to-ban-and-limit-the|title=As Foreign Investment in U.S. Farmland Grows, Efforts to Ban and Limit the Increase Mount|date=June 6, 2019|website=Successful Farming|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=July 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725002637/https://www.agriculture.com/farm-management/farm-land/as-foreign-investment-in-us-farmland-grows-efforts-to-ban-and-limit-the|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://investigatemidwest.org/2017/06/22/regulation-on-foreign-ownership-of-agricultural-land-a-state-by-state-breakdown/|title=Regulation on foreign ownership of agricultural land: A state-by-state breakdown|first=Erin McKinstry/For the Midwest Center for Investigative|last=Reporting|date=June 22, 2017|website=Investigate Midwest|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608031228/https://investigatemidwest.org/2017/06/22/regulation-on-foreign-ownership-of-agricultural-land-a-state-by-state-breakdown/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Agriculture and Agronomy}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Agribusiness]]
* [[Electrical energy efficiency on United States farms]]
* [[Farmers' suicides in the United States]]
* [[Fishing industry in the United States]]
* [[Genetic engineering in the United States]]
* [[History of African-American agriculture]]
* [[History of agriculture in the United States]]
* [[List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities]]
* [[Pesticides in the United States]]
* [[Poultry farming in the United States]]
* [[Soil in the United States]]
* [[Urban–rural political divide#United States]]

{{div col end}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Cited sources===
* {{cite book|year=2019|first1=Cheikh|last1=Mbow|last2=Rosenzweig|first3=Luis .G.|last3=Barioni|first4=Tim .G.|last4=Benton|title=Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems|editor1-first=P.R.|editor1-last=Shukla|editor2-first=J.|editor2-last=Skea|editor3-first=E. Calvo|editor3-last=Buendia|editor4-first=V.|editor4-last=Masson-Delmotte|chapter=Food security|publisher=IPCC|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200001724}}

==Further reading==
* Huning, Wang. [https://tikhanovlibrary.com/decline-of-the-farm/ ''The decline of the farm''] (1991)
* Cochrane, Willard. ''The Development of American Agriculture: A Historical Analysis'' (1998)
* Conkin, Paul. ''A Revolution Down on the Farm: The Transformation of American Agriculture since 1929'' (2008)
* {{cite book
  | last = Gardner
  | first = Bruce L.
  | title = American Agriculture in the Twentieth Century: How It Flourished and What It Cost
  | publisher = [[Harvard University Press]]
  | year = 2002
  | isbn = 0-674-00748-4 }}
* Hurt, R. Douglas. ''A Companion to American Agricultural History'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2022)
* Lauck, Jon. ''American agriculture and the problem of monopoly: the political economy of grain belt farming, 1953-1980'' (U of Nebraska Press, 2000).
* Riney-Kehrberg, Pamela. ed. ''The Routledge History of Rural America'' (2018)
* Schapsmeier, Edward L; and Frederick H. Schapsmeier. ''Encyclopedia of American agricultural history'' (1975) [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000scha online]
* Schmidt, Louis Bernard, and Earle Dudley Ross, eds. ''Readings in the economic history of American agriculture'' (Macmillan, 1925) excerpts from scholarly studies, colonial era to 1920s. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84830/page/n6/mode/1up online].
* {{cite book
  | last = Spitze
  | first = Robert G. F.
  |author2=Harold G. Halcrow|author3=Joyce E. Allen-Smith
  | title = Food and Agricultural Policy
  | publisher = [[Mcgraw-Hill]] College
  | year = 1994
  | isbn = 0-07-025800-7 }}
* Winterbottom, Jo; Huffstutter, P. J. (Feb. 2015). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-grains-rents-insight-idUSKBN0LR0EX20150223 Rent walkouts point to strains in U.S. farm economy], &nbsp; ''[[Reuters]]''

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture]
* [http://nasdonline.org/ National Ag Safety Database]
* [http://www.nagcat.org/nagcat/?page=guideline_search North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117082231/http://www.nagcat.org/nagcat/?page=guideline_search |date=2013-01-17 }}

{{Agriculture in the United States}}
{{North America topic|Agriculture in}}
{{Americas topic|Agriculture in}}
{{Economy of the United States}}
{{United States policy}}
{{United States topics}}

[[Category:Agriculture in the United States| ]]
[[Category:United States agricultural policy| ]]
[[Category:United States federal policy|Agriculture]]