View source for Alfred-Maurice de Zayas

{{Short description|Cuban–American lawyer and historian (born 1947)}}
{{about|the lawyer and historian|his great-granduncle and Cuban president|Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso}}
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{{BLP sources|date=January 2019}}
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{{COI|date=November 2016}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
 | honorific_prefix   = 
 | name               = Alfred-Maurice de Zayas 
 | honorific_suffix   = 
 | image              = CANCILLER GUILLAUME LONG PRESENTA CONFERENCIA SOBRE JUSTICIA, DERECHOS HUMANOS Y ERRADICACIÓN DE PARAÍSOS FISCALES ANTE LA ONU, GINEBRA, SUIZA, 01 DE MAYO 2017 (34225096082) (cropped).jpg
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 | office             = [[United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order]]
 | term_start         = 1 May 2012 
 | term_end           = 30 April 2018 
 | alongside          =  
 | president          =   
 | deputy             =  
 | predecessor        = Position established
 | successor          = Livingstone Sewanyana

 | birth_name      = Alfred-Maurice de Zayas
 | birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1947|5|31}} 
 | birth_place     = [[Havana]], [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Cuba]]
 | death_date      =  <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
 | death_place     = 
 | death_cause     =  
 | citizenship     = {{hlist|[[United States nationality law|American]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/05/achieving-an-equitable-world-order/ |title=Achieving an equitable world order |last=Kasonta |first=Adriel |date=19 May 2020 |work=[[Asia Times]]}}</ref>|[[Swiss nationality law|Swiss]]<ref name=Swi>{{Cite web|title=Working for human rights takes patience, perseverance and passion|url=https://www.zeit-fragen.ch/en/archives/2018/no-1516-13-july-2018/working-for-human-rights-takes-patience-perseverance-and-passion.html|last=De Zayas|first=Alfred|website=Zeit-Fragen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref>}}
 | nationality     = [[Cuban Americans|Cuban American]], [[Swiss people|Swiss]]
 | party           = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] {{small|(since 1968)}}{{efn|Asked in an interview over a month following the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]] and about "the course of the election and [[Joe Biden|Joseph Biden]]'s victory", de Zayas stated: "First of all, I would like to say that I have been a member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] since 1968. At that time I was a student at [[Harvard University]], and my political persuasion aimed at a social, ethical market economy. Times have changed, and of course I am no longer a "Republican", although I have not formally abandoned my membership in the Republican Party. I no longer feel any necessity to "root" for any political party".<ref name=Word>{{cite web |url=https://dezayasalfred.wordpress.com/2020/12/11/my-take-on-the-us-elections-interview-to-the-swiss-german-journal-zeitgeschehen-im-fokus/ |title=My take on the US elections – interview to the Swiss-German journal "Zeitgeschehen im Fokus" |date=11 December 2020 |website=[[WordPress]] via Zeitgeschehen im Fokus }}</ref>}}
 | spouse          = {{marriage|Carolina Jolanda Edelenbos|1996}}
 | partner         =  
 | children        = 
 | parents         =  
 | relatives       = [[Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso]] {{small|(great-grandnephew)}}
 | residence       = 
 | education       = 
 | alma_mater      = {{plainlist|
* [[Harvard Law School|Harvard University]] {{small|([[Juris Doctor|JD]])}}
* [[University of Göttingen]] {{small|([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}}
}} 
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 | website         = 
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}}
'''Alfred-Maurice de Zayas''' (born 31 May 1947) is a Cuban-born American lawyer and writer, active in the field of [[human rights]] and [[international law]]. From 1 May 2012 to 30 April 2018, he served as the first [[United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order|UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order]], appointed by the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]].<ref>[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/AlfreddeZayas.aspx Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515070520/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/AlfreddeZayas.aspx |date=15 May 2013 }}, [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]], Ohchr.org. Retrieved 14 December 2015.</ref>

==Early life and education==
De Zayas was born in [[Havana, Cuba]] and grew up in [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] (US). He earned his ''[[juris doctor]]'' degree from [[Harvard Law School]], then a [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctorate of philosophy]] in modern history from the [[University of Göttingen]] (Germany).<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14318865.html Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222083505/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14318865.html |date=22 December 2015 }}, spiegel.de. Retrieved 15 December 2015.{{in lang|de}}</ref>

<!--He practiced corporate law in [[New York (state)|New York]] and family law in [[Florida]] in the 1970s, as a member of the New York and Florida Bars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/AlfredDeZayas.aspx|title=Biography of Mr. Alfred-Maurice de Zayas|website=Ohchr.org|accessdate=23 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}-->He was a [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright Fellow]] at the [[University of Tübingen]] in Germany and research fellow at the [[Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law]] in [[Heidelberg]], Germany.<ref>Alfred de Zayas "A Fulbrighter in Germany" in Arthur Dudden (ed.), The Fulbright Experience, Transaction Books, Oxford, 1987  {{ISBN|0-88738-141-3}}</ref><ref>Rudolf Bernhardt (ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Preface, Vol. I, p.viii. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1992, {{ISBN|0 444 862447}}, Vol. V, 2003, p 102, {{ISBN|0 444 86248-X}}.</ref> <!-- In 1978–80, he participated in the German-American Schoolbook Commission at the Georg Eckert Institut in Braunschweig, and, in 1980, published a long article on the subject of prejudice and stereotypes in schoolbooks in "Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte".<ref>"Deutsch-amerikanische Schulbuchrevision" Das Parlament, Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 14 July 1979, pp. 37–47, "Deutsch-amerikanische Schulbuchrevision: 1962 bis 1967, und heute?" Lecture at the Rhein-Ruhr-Klub, Düsseldorf, 29 March 1979, "Verzerrtes Deutschlandbild in Amerika" in ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 1 August 1978, p. 2, "Hässliche Klischees in Schulbüchern" in ''Der Junge Beamte'', November 1980, p. 14</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}--> He worked with the United Nations from 1981 to 2003 as a senior lawyer with the Office of the [[UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]]<ref>A. de Zayas "Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for" in H. Volger (ed.) Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations, Kluwer, the Hague, 2002, pp. 217–23, reviewed by Ruth Wedgwood in the ''American Journal of International Law'', vol. 99, pp. 284–87, at 285;</ref><ref>A. de Zayas, "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights" in Rudolf Bernhardt (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, Vol. 4, 2000, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1129–32</ref><!--Secretary of the [[Human Rights Committee]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vimeo.com/16823400|title=Excerpts from the 100th session of the Human Rights Committee on Vimeo|via=Vimeo|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=14 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}--> and the Chief of Petitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14340&LangID=E|title=Statement by Alfred de Zayas, Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order Ecuador Workshop 11–12 March 2014|website=Ohchr.org|access-date=11 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316144530/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14340&LangID=E|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <!--During the course of his legal and academic career, de Zayas has been a visiting professor of international law and of world history at a number of institutions, including the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]] ([[Geneva]]), the [[DePaul University College of Law]] ([[Chicago]]), the [[University of British Columbia]] ([[Vancouver]]), the [[Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations]] (Switzerland), the [[Schiller International University]] ([[Leysin]]), the [[Académie Internationale de Droit Constitutionnel]] ([[Tunis]]), the [[University of Trier]] (Germany), [[University of Santa Clara|Santa Clara Law School]] ([[California]]), the [[Center for Applied Studies in International Negotiations]] (CASIN) ([[Geneva]]), the [[Felix Ermacora Institute]] ([[Vienna]]), the [[Raoul Wallenberg Institute]] ([[Lund, Sweden]]), [[University College Galway]] ([[Ireland]]), the [[Universidad de Alcalá de Henares|University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid]] ([[Spain]]), and the [[International Institute of Humanitarian Law]] ([[San Remo, Italy]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iihl.org/iihl/Documents/Summer%20Course%202009.pdf|title=San Remo Programme|date=June 2009|website=Iihl.org|accessdate=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721230638/http://www.iihl.org/iihl/Documents/Summer%20Course%202009.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}} {{asof|2007|09}} De Zayas was a professor of [[international law]] at the [[Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations|url=http://www.genevadiplomacy.com/?menu_id=6&page_id=15&full=1&faculty_id=24|accessdate=6 December 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928201550/http://www.genevadiplomacy.com/?menu_id=6&page_id=15&full=1&faculty_id=24|archivedate=28 September 2007 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}-->
<!--De Zayas has contributed op-ed articles and essays to newspapers, online journals and media outlets, including ''[[Junge Freiheit]]'',<ref name="Vertriebenenpost"/> ''[[The Guardian]]'' in 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/16/philip-morris-uruguay-tobacco-isds-human-rights|title=How can Philip Morris sue Uruguay over its tobacco laws?|website=The Guardian|accessdate=23 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}} ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'',{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} ''[[Die Welt]]'',{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} ''[[Der Spiegel]]'',{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} and ''[[Bayernkurier]]'',<ref>"La Kollektivschuld et les droits humains", 22 July 2010, p. 2</ref>{{Failed verification|date=March 2019}} He has made television appearances on round tables and panels for [[CNN]],{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} ''[[Russia Today]]'',<ref>{{YouTube|OMdujy-G2k0}}</ref>{{better source|YouTube|date=March 2019}} and [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]],{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} and was interviewed by ''[[Le Temps]]'' in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.letemps.ch/monde/alfred-zayas-necessaire-laisser-catalans-sexprimer|title=Alfred de Zayas: "Il est nécessaire de laisser les Catalans s'exprimer"|website=letemps.ch|accessdate=27 September 2017}}</ref> He was the subject of an article in the ''[[Tribune de Genève]]'' in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/monde/insoumis-alfred-zayas-jette-dernier-pave/story/25869696|title=L'insoumis Alfred de Zayas jette son dernier pavé|website=ttdg.ch|accessdate=13 May 2018}}</ref><He has been a legal and historical consultant to numerous television documentaries in the USA, Canada, the Netherlands and Germany, including the [[Discovery Channel]] film on the sinking of the refugee ship "[[Wilhelm Gustloff]]", and the [[Bayerischer Rundfunk]] documentary, ''Flucht und Vertreibung''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/Videos.aspx|title=Multimedia – Mr. Alfred de Zayas, Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order|website=ohchr.org|accessdate=23 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}-->

Since 1996, de Zayas has been married to Carolina Jolanda Edelenbos, a Dutch national and UN official, with whom he had a son, Stefan (deceased).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.extempore.ch/images/extempore%2028.pdf|title=United Nations Society of Writers, Geneva : Sociedad de escritores de las Naciones Unidas, Ginebra: Ex Tempore|page=124|website=Extempore.ch|access-date=11 August 2018}}</ref><ref>Tom Hostage, Fordham University Class of 1967, 50th Reunion Yearbook, Bespoke Press, New York, 2017, p. 70</ref>

==Scholarly work==
{{BLP primary sources|section|date=October 2022}}
De Zayas' work focuses ''inter alia'' on the judicial protection of peoples and minorities.<ref>Yoram Dinstein, ''Israel Yearbook on Human Rights'', Volume 23, 1993, p. 416</ref> He has written and lectured extensively on human rights, including the jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee,<ref>Jakob Th. Möller/Alfred de Zayas, The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008, N.P. Engel Publishers, Kehl/Strasbourg, 2009; {{ISBN|978-3-88357-144-7}}</ref><ref>"The Procedures and Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, The Legal Practice in International Law and European Community Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 2007</ref> the [[Armenian genocide]],<ref>{{cite web|last=De Zayas|first=Alfred|url=http://www.keghart.com/De_Zayas_Reparation|title=The Principle of Reparation in International Law: A lecture delivered at Armenian Genocide Conference UCLA|website=Keghart.com|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164826/http://www.keghart.com/De_Zayas_Reparation|archive-date=1 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Alfred de Zayas|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/10/28/de-zayas-armenians-have-strong-legitimate-claim-for-reparations|title=Armenians Have Strong, Legitimate Claim for Reparations: comments given by Prof. Alfred de Zayas (Geneva School of Diplomacy) via videoconference|newspaper=Armenian Weekly|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222130437/http://armenianweekly.com/2010/10/28/de-zayas-armenians-have-strong-legitimate-claim-for-reparations/|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"El Genocidio contra los Armenios y la relevancia de la Convención para la prevención y la sanción del delito de genocidio" with a Prologue by the International Commission of Jurists, Buenos Aires, 2009; {{ISBN|978-950-895-277-6}}</ref><ref>The_genocide_against_the_Armenians_1915</ref> the Holocaust,<ref name="10.1017/S0165070X11100066">{{cite journal |last1=Aggelen |first1=Johannes van |title=A. De Zayas, Völkermord als Staatsgeheimnis: Vom Wissen über die 'Endlösung der Judenfrage' im Dritten Reich, Olzog Verlag, Munich2011, 208 pp., € 26.90 (hardback). ISBN 978-3-7892-8329-1. |journal=Netherlands International Law Review |year=2011 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=139–142 |doi=10.1017/S0165070X11100066 |s2cid=145136716 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Von Arnulf Baring|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/staatsgeheimnis/4598806.html|title=Staatsgeheimnis – Kultur|language=de|website=Der Tagesspiegel|date=29 September 1941|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302044634/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/staatsgeheimnis/4598806.html|archive-date=2 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> the US-run detention centers at [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp|Guantanamo Bay]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.law.ubc.ca/files/pdf/events/2003/november/GUANTANA.pdf|title=The Status of Guantanamo Bay and the Status of the Detainees|journal=University of British Columbia Law Review|volume=37|year=2004|pages=277–342|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324211210/http://www.law.ubc.ca/files/pdf/events/2003/november/guantana.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2009}}</ref><ref>"Wem gehört Guantanamo Bay", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 29 December 2003</ref><ref>Interview with former Guantanamo inmate, Al-Jazeera journalist Sami Elhaj: We had no rights, we were not treated as human beings, in Current Concerns, No. 7, page 5 (2008)</ref> [[ethnic cleansing]] in the former [[Yugoslavia]],<ref>"Ethnische Säuberungen und das Internationale Kriegsverbrechertribunal für das ehemalige Jugoslawien" in Archiv des Völkerrechts, Band 35 (1997) pp. 29–72, "Der Krieg im ehemaligen Jugoslawien aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht" in Tilman Zülch (ed.) Ethnische Säuberung, Luchterhand Verlag, 1999</ref> the [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expulsion of Eastern European Germans after the Second World War]], the invasion of [[Cyprus]] by [[Turkey]] in 1974,<ref>"Self-determination. Turkish settlers and Cyprus referenda" in Andreas Auer (ed.) A Constitutional Convention for Cyprus, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, 2009; {{ISBN|978-3-86573-423-5}}</ref><ref>"Turkey must apologise" Cyprus Weekly, 25 February 2011, p. 14</ref> the [[minority rights|rights of minorities]],<ref>"Minority Rights in the New Millennium", ''The Geneva Post Quarterly'', May 2007, pp. 155–208</ref> the [[Freedom of speech|right to freedom of opinion and expression]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zayas |first1=Alfred de |last2=Martín |first2=Áurea Roldán |title=Freedom of Opinion and Freedom of Expression: Some Reflections on General Comment No. 34 of the Un Human Rights Committee |journal=Netherlands International Law Review |year=2012 |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=425–454 |doi=10.1017/S0165070X12000289 |s2cid=147266476 }}</ref> and the [[Indigenous rights|rights of indigenous peoples]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Martinus |last1=Nijhoff |chapter=The International Judicial Protection of Peoples and Minorities |pages=253–288 |editor1-last=Brolmann |editor1-first=Catherine |editor2-last=Lefeber |editor2-first=R. |editor3-last=Zieck |editor3-first=Marjoleine |year=1993 |title=Peoples and Minorities in International Law |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-0-7923-2315-0 }}</ref> <!--and unfair trade relations <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ohchr.org/RU/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16915&LangID=E|title=UN expert calls for fundamental rethink of global trading system|website=Ohchr.org|accessdate=23 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}-->

In 1994, he co-authored with Prof. [[Cherif Bassiouni]], ''The Protection of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice'', published by Transnational Publishers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnoOAQAAMAAJ
|title=The Protection of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice: A Compendium of United Nations Norms and Standards|last1=Cherif Bassiouni|first1=M.|last2=De Zayas|first2=Alfred M.|date=January 1994|publisher=Transnational Publishers|isbn=9780941320870}}</ref>

De Zayas, in collaboration with Justice Jakob Möller, authored the book ''United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008'' (2009), published by N. P. Engel Verlag.<ref name="Phillips 2013 pp. 504–509">{{cite journal | last=Phillips | first=Suzannah | title=Review of United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977–2008 By Jakob Th. Möller and Alfred de Zayas and The UN Human Rights Committee: Practice and Procedure By Yogesh Tyagi| journal=American Journal of International Law | publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) | volume=107 | issue=2 | year=2013 | issn=0002-9300 | doi=10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.2.0504 | pages=504–509}}</ref> The first Chairman of the Human Rights Committee, Andreas Mavrommatis, wrote a preface for the handbook.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} In a review published in the ''[[UN Special (magazine)|UN Special]]'' magazine, former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights [[Bertrand Ramcharan]] wrote: "It is staggering how much the Human Rights Committee has influenced the human rights jurisprudence of the world, as is striking from reading this exceedingly important book.... From the outset of its work in 1977 there have been two Secretariat pioneers in developing the case law of the Committee when it considers petitions from individuals claiming violations of their rights: Jakob Möller (Iceland) and Alfred de Zayas (USA). Möller was the first Chief of the Petitions branch of what is today the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and de Zayas was his colleague, who eventually succeeded him as Chief."<ref>{{cite web |last=Ramcharan |first=B.G. |title=UN Special |url=https://www.unspecial.org/archives/UNS685/t45.html |website=Unspecial.org |publisher=UN/ONU |access-date=17 February 2020 |date=June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216191611/https://www.unspecial.org/archives/UNS685/t45.html |archive-date=16 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

De Zayas has written scholarly articles that were published in the ''[[Harvard International Law Journal]]'',<ref name="Amazon">{{cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/International-Law-Mass-Population-Transfers/dp/B009CDJFP2|title=International Law and Mass Population Transfers|publisher=Amazon|date=January 1975|access-date= 17 February 2020}}</ref> the ''[[Peter A. Allard School of Law#UBC Law Review|UBC Law Review]]'',<ref>37 U.B.C.Law Review 277–341 (2004)</ref> the ''[[International Review of the Red Cross]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://international-review.icrc.org/articles/human-rights-and-indefinite-detention|title=Human rights and indefinite detention|website=international-review.icrc.org|date=15 March 2005 |access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205092816/https://international-review.icrc.org/articles/human-rights-and-indefinite-detention|archive-date=5 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> the ''Criminal Law Forum'',<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1007/BF01097769|title = The right to one's homeland, ethnic cleansing, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia|year = 1995|last1 = De Zayas|first1 = Alfred|journal = Criminal Law Forum|volume = 6|issue = 2|pages = 257–314|s2cid = 144513680}}</ref> the ''Refugee Survey Quarterly'',<ref>Refugee Survey Quarterly, volume 16, 1997</ref> the ''Netherlands International Law Review'',<ref>{{cite journal|language=en|journal=Netherlands International Law Review|year=2012|doi=10.1017/S0165070X12000289|last1=De Zayas|first1=Alfred|last2=Martín|first2=Áurea Roldán|title=Freedom of Opinion and Freedom of Expression: Some Reflections on General Comment No. 34 of the Un Human Rights Committee|volume=59|issue=3|pages=425–454|s2cid=147266476}}</ref> The ''International Commission of Jurists Review'',<ref>The Follow-up procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee, No. 47, December 1991, pp. 28–35</ref> the ''[[Historical Journal]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Wehrmacht bureau on war crimes*|first=Alfred-Maurice de|last=Zayas|date=17 June 1992|journal=The Historical Journal|volume=35|issue=2|pages=383–399|doi=10.1017/S0018246X00025851|s2cid=159986792 }}</ref> ''[[Politique internationale]]'',<ref>"Les Armeniens et le Droit au Recours", Dossier Special 2015, pp. 143-154</ref> the ''[[German Yearbook of International Law]]'',<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/87061?ln=zh_CN|title=Application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights under the Optional Protocol by the Human Rights Committee / by Alfred de Zayas, Jakob Th. Möller, Torkel Opsahl.|year=1989|journal=United Nations Digital Library System|last1=Opsahl|first1=Torkel|last2=Möller|first2=Jakob Th|last3=Zayas|first3=De|last4=M|first4=Alfred}}</ref> ''Canadian Human Rights Yearbook''<ref>"The uncertain scope of Article 15(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 1983, pp. 237–255</ref> and the ''East European Quarterly''.<ref>"The Legality of Mass Population Transfers" vol XII, No. 1 (1978) pp. 1–24, vol. XII, No. 2 pp.143–160.</ref>

He has co-authored and co-edited books such as ''The International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms''.<ref>Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2009.</ref> De Zayas has published chapters in books ''Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe'' co-edited by Steven Várdy and Hunt Tooley.<ref>Columbia University Press, New York, 2003</ref> In ''International Humanitarian Law: Origins'', edited by <!-- Not the literary critic. -->John Carey, de Zayas wrote the chapter "Ethnic Cleansing, Applicable Norms, Emerging Jurisprudence, Implementable Remedies".<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789047442820/Bej.9781571052674.i-1142_010.xml|title=Chapter 9. Ethnic Cleansing: Applicable Norms, Emerging Jurisprudence, Implementable Remedies|year=2003|journal=International Humanitarian Law: Origins|pages=283–313|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216180303/https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789047442820/Bej.9781571052674.i-1142_010.xml|archive-date=16 February 2020|last1=Zayas|first1=Alfred M. De|isbn=9789047442820 }}</ref> His chapter in Spanish "El crimen contra la paz" was published in the book ''La Declaración de Luarca sobre el Derecho Humano a la Paz'', edited by Carmen Rosa Rueda Castañón and Carlos Villán Durán.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aedidh.org/es/la-declaracion-de-luarca-sobre-el-derecho-humano-a-la-paz/|title=La Declaración de Luarca sobre el Derecho Humano a la Paz|year=2008|website=Aedidh.org/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216174643/http://aedidh.org/es/la-declaracion-de-luarca-sobre-el-derecho-humano-a-la-paz/|archive-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>

===On the 1944–1950 expulsion of Germans===
De Zayas' work into the [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)|expulsion of Germans]] from areas of eastern Germany and Eastern Europe at the end of [[World War II]] is extensive.<ref>Zayas, Alfred-Maurice de: ''A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the Eastern European Germans 1944–1950'', New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kittel|first=Manfred|title=Die Vertreibung der Vertriebenen|publisher=Oldenbourg Vesrlag|year=2007|location=Munich|pages=119, 158, 164}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Pertti|last=Ahonen|title=After the Expulsion|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=2003|pages=20–21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Giles|last=MacDonough|title=After the Reich|publisher=John Murray Publishers|location=London, UK|year=2007|pages=126, 556, 585 ff|quote=There is a similar lack of documentation in English on events in Czechoslovakia. The best remains Alfred M. de Zayas's ''Nemesis at Potsdam'' (London 1979)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-miskolc.hu/~wwwdrint/20042karagiannis1.htm|title=Miskolc Journal of International Law|language=hu|website=Uni-miskolc.hu|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207112043/http://www.uni-miskolc.hu/~wwwdrint/20042karagiannis1.htm|archive-date=7 February 2012|url-status = dead}}</ref> De Zayas was reportedly the first American historian to address this topic.<ref>[http://hungarianhistory.com/lib/vardy/vardy.doc] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201112320/http://hungarianhistory.com/lib/vardy/vardy.doc|date=1 December 2007}}</ref> ''[[Deutsche Welle]]'' reported in 2007: "He wrote the first scholarly work on German expellees to appear in English, breaking what had long been a taboo topic."<ref name="DW 2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,2741634,00.html|title=Many Descendents of Expellees Reject Traditional Point of View|website=Dw-world.de|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420022921/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,2741634,00.html|archive-date=20 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The German Federal Minister [[Heinrich Windelen]] wrote in the foreword to de Zayas's book ''Anmerkungen zur Vertreibung'': "It is thanks to De Zayas that the debate on The Expulsion has been reopened [...] In the subsequent period, a number of authors have drawn on the work of De Zayas. Thus, he has contributed significantly to the fact that discussion of The Expulsion is no longer considered taboo."<ref>[[Heinrich Windelen]], "Foreword" in A. de Zayas, ''Anmerkungen zur Vertreibung der Deutschen aus dem Osten'', [[Kohlhammer Verlag]], 1993; {{ISBN|317012580X}}</ref> According to a doctoral thesis on the historiography of the expulsion, "de Zayas was one of the earliest 'respectable' academics to take up the cause of the expellees... De Zayas does not mention the Holocaust, the Jews, or any other minority ethnic groups that suffered under the Nazis except in passing."<ref name="Bard">Robert Bard, [https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/4445/Thesis%20final%20version.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "Historical Memory of the Expulsion of Ethnic Germans in Europe 1944–1947"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718170858/https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/4445/1/Thesis%20final%20version.pdf |date=18 July 2011 }}, University of Hertfordshire, July 2009.</ref> However, Professor Doerr{{Who|date=October 2020}} in the ''[[Dalhousie Review]]'' notes: "De Zayas does not ignore the enormity of the crimes committed by Germans during the course of the war, nor does he deny that an anti-German feeling was natural and that punishment was justified, He does, however, question whether one set of crimes justified a second... whether revenge ... was not only extended to the guilty but to the innocent, whether expulsion itself was a crime ...While critical of western leadership, de Zayas leaves no doubt about the agents of the crime-- the Soviet leaders. ...Praised must be de Zayas's reopening of this largely neglected aspect of modern German history."<ref>Dalhousie Review, vol. 57, No. 3, Autumn 1977, pp.&nbsp;582–584.</ref>{{Verify quote|date=February 2021}} The 1999 [[University of Hertfordshire]] doctoral dissertation of Robert Bard, ''Historical Memory of the expulsion of ethnic Germans in Europe 1944–1947'', cites de Zayas 58 times and comments approvingly on the historical analysis of ''Nemesis at Potsdam'' and ''A Terrible Revenge''. He observes: "De Zayas' senior position with the UN Human Rights Commission, his position as a United States citizen (not a German) and his indisputable humanitarian credentials meant that de Zayas' work was taken seriously in Germany and America."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/4445/1/Thesis%20final%20version.pdf|title=Historical Memory and the Expulsion of Ethnic Germans in Europe, 1944 – 1947|date=July 1999|website=uhra.herts.ac.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718170858/https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/4445/1/Thesis%20final%20version.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref>

In 1975, de Zayas published a study in the ''[[Harvard International Law Journal]]'', questioning the legality of the expulsion of possibly as many as 15 million Germans from their homes after World War II, invoking the [[Atlantic Charter]], the [[Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)|Hague Conventions]], and the [[Nuremberg Principles]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Alfred-Maurice de|last=Zayas|journal=Harvard International Law Journal|title=International Law and Mass Population Transfers|volume=16|pages=207–58}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}

====''Nemesis at Potsdam''====
The article was followed by his first book ''[[Nemesis at Potsdam]]'' ([[Routledge|Routledge und Kegan Paul]], 1977) which focused on what, if any, responsibility the British and U.S. governments had for decisions which purportedly led to the expulsions of these ethnic Germans.<ref>{{cite book|first=Alfred-Maurice de|last=Zayas|title=Nemesis at Potsdam|publisher=Routledge|year=1977|url=http://hermes.zeit.de/pdf/archiv/1977/20/Poker-in-Potsdam.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}} The book had a preface by [[Dwight Eisenhower]]'s political advisor, [[Robert Daniel Murphy]], a participant at the [[Potsdam Conference]].

British historian Tony Howarth reviewed it in the ''[[Times Educational Supplement]]'' as  "a lucid, scholarly and compassionate study".{{verify quote|date=February 2020}} Nuremberg prosecutor [[Ben Ferencz]] wrote in the ''American Journal of International Law'' that it was "a persuasive commentary on the suffering which becomes inevitable when humanitarianism is subordinated to nationalism".{{verify quote|date=February 2020}}  The ''[[New Statesman]]'' reviewer stated: "in his well researched, closely reasoned work, de Zayas leaves little doubt that there have been few historical parallels to this record of modern mass atrocity".{{verify quote|date=February 2020}}

In the same year, an enlarged German edition was published by the legal publisher [[C.H. Beck]], becoming a bestseller.<ref name="H-Soz-Kult. Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften 2019">{{cite book | title=Rezension zu: A.M. de Zayas: A Terrible Revenge | website=H-Soz-Kult. Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften | date=29 March 2019 | publisher=St. Martin's Press | isbn=9780312121594 | url=http://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-378 | language=de | access-date=29 March 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329170043/https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-378 | archive-date=29 March 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>

====''The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau''====
His second book (written with Walter Rabus), ''[[The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau]]'', was published in Germany by Universitas/{{Interlanguage link|Langen Müller|de|3=Langen Müller Verlag}}, in 1979, and the English translation by de Zayas himself by the [[University of Nebraska Press]] in 1989. The book describes some of the work of the ''Wehrmacht-Untersuchungsstelle'', a special section of the legal department of the ''[[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht]]'', which investigated Allied and [[German war crimes]]. The authors argue that the Bureau carefully investigated war crimes and was largely free of Nazi ideology.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greenwood |first1=Christopher |title=The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939–1945. By Alfred M. De Zayas, with the collaboration of Walter Rabus [Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. 1989. xix, 328, (Bibliography) 23 and (Index) 12 pp. Hardback £38.65, paperback £14·35 net.] |journal=The Cambridge Law Journal |year=1990 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=148–150 |doi=10.1017/S0008197300106968 |s2cid=145235574 }}</ref> De Zayas worked with the 226 extant volumes (about half of the total, the rest apparently having been burned in [[Langensalza]], Germany, near the end of the war.<ref>Zayas, Alfred-Maurice de, ''The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939–1945'', University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, 1989, pp. xiii–xiv.<!--ISSN/ISBN needed--></ref>). The book was savagely attacked in the media of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Soviet Empire|its satellites]].<ref>Eugeniusz Guz, Trybuna Ludo, 30. VIII. 1980, Nr. 179.</ref><ref>"Zdumiewajacy obiektywizm Zayasa". Glos Szczecinski, 5. 3. 1980.</ref>{{Verify quote|date=February 2021}}

In a review of the book in the ''[[Cambridge Law Journal]]'', Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge and judge at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Christopher Greenwood considered the book to be "excellent" and that "the authors deserve the gratitude of all those interested in the laws of war but unable to read German for bringing out an English edition."<ref name="Bookreviews, Rezensionen Books and">{{cite web|url=http://www.alfreddezayas.com/books.shtml|title=Bookreviews, Rezensionen Books and editorships|website=alfreddezayas.org|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227224612/http://www.alfreddezayas.com/books.shtml|archive-date=27 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=February 2021}} He goes on to add that "Throughout the book the authors emphasize that all the cases they examined have to be seen against the background of the Holocaust and the atrocities committed by the German armed forces and SS."<ref name="Bookreviews, Rezensionen Books and"/>{{Self-published inline|date=February 2021}}

In the ''[[Fletcher Forum]]'', Alfred Rubin stated that "De Zayas is undoubtedly one of the world's leading legal scholars addressing forced population transfers ... [his] work provides massive confirmation of the truism that atrocities are committed in war by all sides, that many go unpunished, and some are part of national policy....the possibility that truth might be misused in argument by the devil is not a reason to suppress truth. I have no personal doubt that this book is a useful attempt to preserve an important truth. By writing it, the author – whose own humanitarian sympathies are beyond question, as is Levie's scholarly detachment --has done a service to scholarship."<ref name="Bookreviews, Rezensionen Books and"/>{{Self-published inline|date=February 2021}} Dieter Fleck, in ''Archiv des Voelkerrechts'', underlined that "this well-written book is based on thorough research of original sources."<ref name="Bookreviews, Rezensionen Books and"/> The British novelist [[Philip Kerr]] took the WUSt{{clarify|date=May 2021}} functionaries as subject of his novel ''A Man without Breath'', published 2013 by Penguin; in the "Author's note" (p.&nbsp;463) Kerr writes: "The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau continued to exist until 1945. Anyone who wishes to know more about its work should consult the excellent book of the same name by Alfred de Zayas."<ref>Philip Kerr, "A Man without breath", New York, Penguin 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-399-16079-0}}.</ref>

In the ''[[Historical Journal]]'' (Cambridge), vol. 35, 1992, de Zayas published a detailed analysis of the working methods of The Wehrmacht Bureau on War Crimes.{{clarify|the methods of the Bureau or of the book?|date=February 2021}} The ''FAZ'' favourably reviewed the article: "Following careful study of the records, cross-checking in foreign archives and more than three hundred interviews with surviving witnesses and military judges, de Zayas arrives at the conclusion that the investigations are reliable."<ref>''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 9 December 199. p. N5.</ref>{{Verify quote|date=February 2021}} The [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] has republished parts of ''The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau'' in its teaching manual ''How does Law Protect in War'', edited by Marco Sassoli and Antoine Bouvier.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/How-law-protect-in-war_Vol-I.pdf|title=How does law protect in war?|website=loc.gov|access-date=2020-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222162513/http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/How-law-protect-in-war_Vol-I.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2021}}

====''A Terrible Revenge''====
His third book was ''A Terrible Revenge, The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944–1950'', published in Germany in 1986, and in the United States in 1993 by [[Palgrave Macmillan]] under the title ''The German Expellees''.<ref name="H-Soz-Kult. Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften 2019"/> According to PhD candidate Robert Bard, this book "was, as [de Zayas] says, written 'to generate interest in this hitherto ignored tragedy [the German ethnic expulsions] and lead to a new respect for these forgotten victims and to more compassion and understanding for our neighbours.' De Zayas in his introduction states that the book originated in a 1981 'prime-time television broadcast in Germany' which dealt with the expulsions, and in which he took part."<ref name="Bard"/>

The book was described as "problematic" by historians [[Konrad Jarausch]] and [[Michael Geyer]].<ref>Konrad H. Jarausch, Michael Geyer ''Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories'' Princeton University Press, 24 March 2009 [https://books.google.com/books?id=k7tD6MtPgT8C&pg=PA210&q=zayas p.210]</ref>{{clarify|in what way?|date=May 2021}} Historians [[Dan Diner]] and Joel Golb write that the tendency of "allow[ing] the Germans to perceive themselves also as victims" is "manifest in the work of the best-selling author Alfred-Maurice de Zayas".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diner |first1=Dan |last2=Golb |first2=Joel |title=On Guilt Discourse and Other Narratives: Epistemological Observations regarding the Holocaust |journal=History and Memory |year=1997 |volume=9 |issue=1/2 |pages=301–320 |doi=10.2979/HIS.1997.9.1-2.301 |jstor=25681008 }}</ref> [[Nottingham Trent University]] Bill Niven writes that de Zayas is "often cited in support of the comparability thesis", i.e. the argument that crimes committed by Germany during the war were equivalent to crimes committed against it.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Niven |first1=Bill |chapter=Reactive Memory: The Holocaust and the Flight and Expulsion of Germans |pages=51–69 |doi=10.1057/9781137343529_4 |title=Memory and Postwar Memorials: Confronting the Violence of the Past |year=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-1-137-34352-9 }}</ref> A review in the scholarly journal ''[[Central European History]]'' describes it as having a "distinctively revisionist flavour".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stackelberg |first1=Rod |title=The German Expellees: Victims in War and Peace. By Alfred Maurice de Zayas. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1993. Pp. xlii + 177. $35.00. ISBN 0-312-09097-8 |journal=Central European History |year=1993 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=511–513 |id={{ProQuest|1297880969}} |doi=10.1017/S0008938900009523 |s2cid=145196616 }}</ref>

By contrast, [[Andreas Hillgruber]] wrote in the ''[[Historische Zeitschrift]]'': " His succinct and incisive recounting of the events are summarized in ten historical and six international law theses, that precisely because of their lucidity and balance deserve a permanent place in the historiography of the expulsions."<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reviewed Work: Anmerkungen zur Vertreibung der Deutschen aus dem Osten by Alfred-Maurice De Zayas|date=June 1988|jstor = 27626215}}</ref> Gotthold Rhode wrote in the ''FAZ'': "de Zayas lets the victims themselves tell their story, providing reports that were hitherto unknown... the book has the character of a new 'Documentation on the Expulsions' and contains descriptions of cruelties and suffering that four decades after the events boggle the mind."<ref>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 23 Mai 1987, S. 11.</ref> Henry Stanhome in the London ''[[The Times|Times]]'' wrote: "De Zayas's moving plea is that one's home should be a human right. As frontiers once more shift in Eastern Europe and families flee in Bosnia, he could hardly have chosen a better moment to deliver it." (18 November 1993){{verify quote|date=February 2020}} ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'': "This relatively unknown holocaust claimed more than two million lives...De Zayas... has uncovered testimony in German and American archives detailing these atrocities, adding a new chapter to the annals of human cruelty. His carefully documented book serves as a reminder that many different peoples have been subjected to 'ethnic cleansing'". (July 1994).{{verify quote|date=February 2020}} Twenty years later [[Matthias Stickler]] reviewed a revised edition in the ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'': "Es vermittelt anschaulich, gut lesbar, quellenorientiert und ohne Polemik Grundwissen zu einem nach wie vor wichtigen Thema" ("the book imparts knowledge on a still very relevant topic vividly, in straightforward language, based on reliable sources and without polemics)."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/politik/fast-ein-klassiker-1358950.html|title=Fast ein Klassiker|website=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|access-date=31 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524132603/http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/politik/fast-ein-klassiker-1358950.html|archive-date=24 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Historian Ernest Fisher reviewed it in the [[United States Army]] magazine ''Army'': "The author has given the history of these expulsions a dramatic immediacy through a series of eyewitness accounts ... The remarkable sequel to this recital of inhumanity is that this displaced population has, in the 50 years since the war, managed to find a new home in a reunited Germany where nearly 20 percent of the population is made up of first- or second-generation descendants of these exiled millions."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buBMtSM5zbMC&pg=PP67|title=ARMY|year=1996}}</ref> De Zayas' book ''Nemesis at Potsdam'' likewise received a positive review in the ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' by historian Patrick Sutter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nzz.ch/articleDHSKI-1.13643|title=Die Vertreibung der Deutschen|website=Neue Zürcher Zeitung|date=23 February 2006 |access-date=23 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115094132/https://www.nzz.ch/articleDHSKI-1.13643|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

====''Genocide as State Secret''====
His 2011 book ''Völkermord als Staatsgeheimnis'' (''Genocide as State Secret'') with a substantive preface by Karl Doehring, Director of the [[Max Planck Institute for International Law]] in Heidelberg, explored the issue of who knew what when about [[the Holocaust]]. He is the first historian to have reviewed the issue in the light of published and unpublished Nuremberg documents, and in the light of interviews with Nuremberg prosecutors and defense attorneys, Holocaust survivors as well as German military judges and politicians.<ref name="10.1017/S0165070X11100066"/> He argued that the policy of exterminating the Jews was "geheime Reichssache" (secret Reich business), and treated pursuant to Hitler's Order Nr. 1 (Führerbefehl Nr. 1) as a "state secret". Accordingly, although there were diffuse rumors about killings, no one except a very limited number of persons knew exactly what was going on, neither the industrialization of the killing nor the number of victims.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

German historian [[Martin Moll]] wrote that de Zayas' book ignored the fact that in other research, scholars have found convincing evidence that knowledge of murders was partial but present. Overall, he found the book to be "a hard-to-read, confusing, poorly argued book that lags far behind the differentiated state of research represented primarily by [[Peter Longerich|<nowiki>[Peter] Longerich</nowiki>]]".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moll |first1=Martin |title=Zayas, Alfred de, Völkermord als Staatsgeheimnis. Vom Wissen über die "Endlösung der Judenfrage" im Dritten Reich |journal=Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung |date=1 August 2012 |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=795–796 |doi=10.7767/zrgga.2012.129.1.795|s2cid=180695301 }}</ref>

The review by Bernward Dörner in the ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' described it as an "attempt to deny contemporary perceptions of genocide", while the French-German Historian [[Alfred Grosser]] strongly criticized the Dörner review as political and "completely one-sided", accusing the reviewer of ideological bias and unhistorical approach. Grosser cited the reviewer's own words on "strategy": "The question of contemporary perception of the Holocaust is of strategic importance. Because if it had actually been the case that the genocide could have remained secret, this would severely limit the shared responsibility of the German population in the genocide."<ref name="focus.de">{{cite web|url=https://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/debatte-die-rueckkehr-der-kollektivschuld_aid_631977.html|title=DEBATTEDie Rückkehr der Kollektivschuld|work=FOCUS Online |access-date=30 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502131008/http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/debatte-die-rueckkehr-der-kollektivschuld_aid_631977.html|archive-date=2 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In other words, as the title of Grosser's article implies ("the return of collective guilt"), it is a question of instrumentalizing guilt for political purposes, and Zayas was not playing the game.<ref name="focus.de"/>

The journal of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide in Jerusalem, ''Genocide Prevention Now'', observed in its review: "As the footnotes abundantly manifest, de Zayas is keenly aware of the secondary literature in the field. He takes issue with some of the conclusions of historians like [[Daniel Goldhagen|Goldhagen]], [[Robert Gellately|Gellately]], [[Peter Longerich|Longerich]] and [[David Bankier|Bankier]], and tends to agree with the analysis of [[Michael Marrus]], [[Gordon A. Craig|Gordon Craig]], [[Peter Hoffmann (historian)|Peter Hoffmann]] and [[Hans Mommsen]]. But while he carefully considers the opinions of other scholars, he does not rehash what is already in the secondary literature – he takes a fresh look at the evidence, poses new questions – and proposes possible answers, avoiding guessing and extrapolation. He places the evidence in historical context, avoiding the anachronisms that some historians indulge in."<ref>{{citation |title=Review of "Genocide as State Secret" by Alfred de Zayas |last=van Aggelen |first=Johannes |periodical=Genocide Prevention Now |issue=8 |year=2011 |url=http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/Home/GPNISSUES/Issue8Winter2011/tabid/146/ctl/DisplayArticle/mid/878/aid/392/Default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127011519/http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/Home/GPNISSUES/Issue8Winter2011/tabid/146/ctl/DisplayArticle/mid/878/aid/392/Default.aspx |archive-date=2013-01-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Activism ==
{{Very long section|date=May 2025}}
De Zayas was co-president, with [[Jacqueline Berenstein-Wavre]], of the Association Suisses et Internationaux de Genève (ASIG) from 1996 to 2006.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Tribune de Genève|date=4 March 1998|title=Article|page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Tribune de Genève|date=12 February 2000|title=Article|page=8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Tribune de Genève|title=Article|date=7 February 2003}}</ref>{{verify quote|date=March 2019}}

Since the 1990s, de Zayas has also focused on the genocides [[Armenian genocide|against the Armenians]], [[Pontic Greek genocide|Greeks of Pontus]] and [[Sayfo|Assyro-Chaldeans]] under the [[Ottoman Empire]] before, during, and after the [[World War I|First World War]]. He advocates the creation of a Constitutional Convention for Cyprus and published a proposal for this together with [[Malcolm Shaw (academic)|Malcolm Shaw]] and Andreas Auer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenddemocracy.press/a-principled-basis-for-a-just-and-lasting-cyprus-settlement-in-the-light-of-international-and-european-law/|title=A principled basis for a just and lasting Cyprus settlement in the light of International and European Law|website=defenddemocracy.press|date=4 December 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530163219/http://www.defenddemocracy.press/a-principled-basis-for-a-just-and-lasting-cyprus-settlement-in-the-light-of-international-and-european-law/|archive-date=30 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2021}} He has argued for the recognition of "the human right to peace".<ref name="divainternational.ch">{{cite web|url=http://divainternational.ch/spip.php?article247|title=International Day of Peace the Luarca Declaration and the Human Right to Peace|website=divainternational.ch|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145027/http://www.divainternational.ch/spip.php?article247|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/rule_of_law/workshop/docs/DraftAgenda.pdf|title=Expert workshop on the right of peoples to peace|website=Ohchr.org|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202092323/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/rule_of_law/workshop/docs/DraftAgenda.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Alfred de Zayas|url=http://www.unspecial.org/UNS695/t61.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814055448/http://www.unspecial.org/UNS695/t61.html|url-status = dead|archive-date=14 August 2010|title=UNSpecial N° 695 – Mai 2010 ¤ UN/ONU|website=Unspecial.org|date=12 March 2010|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/RightToPeace.aspx|title=The right to peace|website=ohchr.org|access-date=4 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728210922/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/RightToPeace.aspx|archive-date=28 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilpf.org/un-states-refuse-to-recognise-the-human-right-to-peace/|title=UN States Refuse to Recognise the Human Right to Peace|website=wilpf.org|date=7 May 2015 |access-date=7 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907131725/http://wilpf.org/un-states-refuse-to-recognise-the-human-right-to-peace/|archive-date=7 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018 de Zayas sent a [https://hawaiiankingdom.org/pdf/Dr_deZayas_Memo_2_25_2018.pdf Memorandum] to [[Gary W. B. Chang]], [[Jeannette H. Castagnetti]], and Members of the Judiciary for the [[State of Hawaii]], speaking out against the continued prolonged U.S. occupation of The Hawaiian Kingdom.{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}}

He has called for a peaceful solution to the [[Kashmir conflict|dispute between India and Pakistan]] in accordance with pertinent UN resolutions and the right of self-determination of [[Kashmir|the Kashmiris]].<ref name="kmsnews_2019-12-11">{{cite web|url=https://kmsnews.org/news/2019/12/11/2020-commission-kashmir-launched-for-realising-kashmiris-birth-right/|title='2020 Commission Kashmir' launched for realising Kashmiris' birth right|website=kmsnews.org|date=11 December 2019 |access-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212152202/https://kmsnews.org/news/2019/12/11/2020-commission-kashmir-launched-for-realising-kashmiris-birth-right/|archive-date=12 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/03-Jul-2019/kashmir-and-kashmir-aspire-for-peace-and-security|title=Kashmir and Kashmiris aspire for peace and security|date=3 July 2019|website=The Nation|location=Pakistan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703020146/https://nation.com.pk/03-Jul-2019/kashmir-and-kashmir-aspire-for-peace-and-security|archive-date=3 July 2019|access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref>

He has advocated the rights of many minorities and indigenous peoples to autonomy and self-determination in United Nations fora and before parliamentarians in the European Parliament, including the Armenians of [[Nagorno Karabagh]], the [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawi]] population of [[Western Sahara]], the [[Tamils]] of [[Sri Lanka]], the [[Bubi people|Bubis]] of [[Equatorial Guinea]], the [[Catalans]] of Spain, and the [[Igbos]] and [[Ogoni people|Ogonis]] of [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gagrule.net/tag/self-determination/|title=International Legal Expert Affirms Artsakh's Right of Self-Determination|website=gagrule.net|access-date= 14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectifvan.org/article.php?r=0&&id=98484|title=Parlement européen : L'autodétermination du Karabagh (Artsakh) en débat|website=collectifvan.org|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ledrenche.ouest-france.fr/wp-content/uploads/Alfred-de-Zayas-Urgent-Action-By-The-EU-Required-in-Catalonia.pdf|title=URGENT ACTION BY THE EU REQUIRED IN CATALONIA|website=Ouest-France|access-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123144655/https://ledrenche.ouest-france.fr/wp-content/uploads/Alfred-de-Zayas-Urgent-Action-By-The-EU-Required-in-Catalonia.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="kmsnews_2019-12-11"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnarmeniens.org/portfolio/some-thoughts-prevention-genocide|title=SOME THOUGHTS ON THE PREVENTION OF GENOCIDE|website=cnarmeniens.org|access-date= 6 December 2019}}</ref> de Zayas is an advocate of reviewing certain decolonization issues{{vague|date=May 2021}} in the light of the UN Charter and General Assembly resolutions.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}  In particular, he has criticized the Spanish amalgamation of the distinct Bubi people of Bioko Island with the people of another Spanish colony, Equatorial Guinea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aedidh.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/180626-COMPILATION.pdf |title=Invite all delegations to the 38th session of the Human Rights Council to a side-event on|website=aedidh.org|access-date= 26 June 2019}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2021}}

<!--"[[the right to homeland]]" as a universal human right,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Alfred-Maurice de|last=Zayas|title=International Law and Mass Population Transfers|journal=Harvard International Law Journal|year=1975|pages=207–58}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Alfred-Maurice de|last=Zayas|title=The Right to One's Homeland, Ethnic Cleansing and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia|journal=Criminal Law Journal|year=1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Heimatrecht ist Menschenrecht|publisher=Universitas|location=Munich|year=2001}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}} and of the establishment of a [[United Nations Parliamentary Assembly]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unpacampaign.org/2361/alfred-m-de-zayas-statement/ |title=Campaign for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly|website=en.unpacampaign.org|accessdate= 6 December 2019}}</ref> and a World Court on Human Rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nord/61-62/1-4/article-p267_36.xml |title=An International Court of Human Rights|website=brill.com|accessdate= 6 December 2019}}</ref>, and has been active on behalf of the Iranian refugees in [[Camp Ashraf]] in Iraq.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncr-iran.org/fr/communiques-cnri/achraf/9869-juristes-et-politiciens-reunis-dans-une-conference-a-lonu-a-geneve-|title=Juristes et politiciens réunis dans une conférence à l’ONU à Genève|website=Ncr-iran.org|accessdate=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ncr-iran.org/fr/communiques-cnri/achraf/9864-conference-international-a-geneve|title=Conférence internationale à Genève|website=Ncr-iran.org|accessdate=14 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}--> 
Since his early retirement from the UN in 2003, de Zayas has been a vocal critic of the 2003 [[Iraq War]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article495133/Dieser-Krieg-ist-voelkerrechtswidrig.html|title=Dieser Krieg ist völkerrechtswidrig|newspaper=Die Welt|date=18 March 2003|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003514/http://www.welt.de/print-welt/article495133/Dieser-Krieg-ist-voelkerrechtswidrig.html|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live|last1=Zayas|first1=Alfred de}}</ref> He has criticised [[indefinite detention without trial|indefinite detention]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/review-857-p15|title=International Committee of the Red Cross|website=Icrc.org|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511090739/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/review-857-p15|archive-date=11 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2021}} in [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo]], [[Black site|secret CIA prisons]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therenditionproject.org.uk/documents/RDI/180927-NCCIT-Torture-Flights.pdf|title=Torture flights – North Carolina's role in the CIA rendition and torture program|website=therenditionproject.org.uk|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207083233/https://www.therenditionproject.org.uk/documents/RDI/180927-NCCIT-Torture-Flights.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2021}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gicj.org/iraq_conference_speeches/Prof_de%20Zayas%20presentation.pdf |title=The Principle of Reparation in International Law and the Rights of the victims of the Iraq war 2003 and its aftermath |website=gicj.org |access-date=14 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319005943/http://www.gicj.org/iraq_conference_speeches/Prof_de%20Zayas%20presentation.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2021}} <!--asymmetric trade and investment agreements,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16745&LangID=E |title=OHCHR – Statement by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order at the 70th session of the General Assembly|website=Ohchr.org}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}--> and [[extreme poverty]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/10/542812-convening-world-conference-tax-evasion-should-be-priority-next-secretary|title=Convening world conference on tax evasion should be priority for next Secretary-General – UN expert|website=news.un.orgk|date=14 October 2016|access-date=14 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114021211/https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/10/542812-convening-world-conference-tax-evasion-should-be-priority-next-secretary|archive-date=14 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22354&LangID=E|title=OHCHR &#124; Statement by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order at the 72nd session of the General Assembly|website=ohchr.org|access-date=5 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426113431/https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22354&LangID=E|archive-date=26 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2021}}

<!--
While a staff member at the UN, Zayas was the founder and editor of the series "Selected Decisions of the Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol."{{fact|date=January 2019}} He was a consultant with the [[Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]] in Geneva{{cn|date=March 2019}} and a member of the board of directors of [[Unite for Rights]], a California-based NGO which aims at a new human rights convention.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uniteforrights.org/board-of-directors/|title=Board of Directors|website=uniteforrights.org|accessdate=4 April 2019}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}
-->In 2015, he sparked a condemnation from [[UN Watch]] for saying the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]] were caused by the United States, Western colonialism, capitalism, and "[[Israeli settlement|Israeli settlers]]" and "a response to grave injustices and ongoing abuses perpetrated by the dominant, primarily developed countries, against populations of less developed countries".<ref name="UN official">{{cite web|date=17 December 2015|title=UN official blames Paris attack on 'settlers'|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/205045|access-date=29 March 2019|publisher=Arutz Sheva}}</ref>

On 29 September 2017, de Zayas, and another UN independent commissioner, [[David Kaye (law professor)|David Kaye]], issued a statement saying that the Spanish government was "violating fundamental individual rights, limiting the flow of public information at such a critical moment for the Spanish democracy" during the [[2017 Catalan independence referendum]].<ref>{{cite news|title=PERFIL {{!}} Alfred de Zayas, el polémico experto de la ONU que visita Venezuela|url=https://elpitazo.com/alianzas/perfil-alfred-zayas-polemico-experto-la-onu-visita-venezuela/|date=28 November 2017|access-date=23 March 2018|work=El Pitazo}}{{dead link|date=March 2019}}</ref> According to Spanish newspaper [[Okdiario]], Catalan President [[Carles Puigdemont]] paid de Zayas €100 000 to support the Catalan independence process.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-19|title=Puigdemont compró con 100.000 € el apoyo de un 'relator' de la ONU al proceso de independencia|url=https://okdiario.com/investigacion/puigdemont-compro-100-000-apoyo-relator-onu-proceso-independencia-4127665|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Okdiario|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520225731/https://okdiario.com/investigacion/puigdemont-compro-100-000-apoyo-relator-onu-proceso-independencia-4127665 |archive-date=20 May 2019 }}</ref>

De Zayas is a registered [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican voter]],<ref name=Word/> although he supported [[Bernie Sanders]] in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]],<ref name="Jourdan 2019">{{cite news | last=Jourdan | first=Par Alain | title=L'insoumis Alfred de Zayas jette son dernier pavé | newspaper=Tribune de Genève | date=28 March 2019 | url=http://www.tdg.ch/monde/insoumis-alfred-zayas-jette-dernier-pave/story/25869696 | language=fr | access-date=28 March 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101215/https://www.tdg.ch/monde/insoumis-alfred-zayas-jette-dernier-pave/story/25869696 | archive-date=27 March 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Tulsi Gabbard]] (via [[Write-in candidate|write-in]]) in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]].<ref name=Word/> Writing in 2018 in the Canadian magazine ''Humanist Perspectives'', he warned about the growing radicalism of the [[Antifa (Germany)|Antifa movement in Germany]], reminiscent of the Nazi SA of the 1930s: "A new wave of totalitarianism is sweeping through Germany with the collusion of the mainstream media, which ... seldom criticize Antifa" and downplay their anti-democratic violence. On several occasions de Zayas has been invited as an expert before German courts<ref>"Stellungnahme vor dem Rechtsausschuss des Deutschen Bundestages zu den Drucksachen 13/353 und 13/354", in Humanitäres Völkerrecht, No. 1, 1996, pp. 18–28"</ref> and before the Rechtsausschuss (legal committee) of the German Bundestag, invited by the CDU/CSU.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/38681.entzaubertes-feigenblatt.html|title=Entzaubertes Feigenblatt|date=July 2003|website=Neues Deutschland}}</ref>

He joined the board of trustees of the [[Alternative für Deutschland]] (AfD)'s "Desiderius Erasmus Foundation" think tank in 2018.<ref name="Focus 2019 a">{{cite web |date=25 March 2019 |title=Wie sich die AfD mit ihrer Stiftung in die bürgerliche Mitte vorgräbt |url=https://www.focus.de/panorama/welt/panorama-wie-sich-die-afd-mit-ihrer-stiftung-in-die-buergerliche-mitte-vorgraebt_id_10500401.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329210320/https://www.focus.de/panorama/welt/panorama-wie-sich-die-afd-mit-ihrer-stiftung-in-die-buergerliche-mitte-vorgraebt_id_10500401.html |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=FOCUS Online |language=de}}</ref><ref name="jungefreiheit.de Desiderius Erasmus 2018">{{cite web | work= Junge Freiheit | title=Eine Bresche in den einseitigen Meinungsdiskurs schlagen | date=21 March 2018 | url=https://jungefreiheit.de/debatte/kommentar/2018/eine-bresche-in-den-einseitigen-meinungsdiskurs-schlagen/ | language=de | access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Tübingen Rechtsaußen 2018">{{cite web | title=Mitglied Tübinger Studentenverbindung sitzt im Kuratorium AfD-naher Stiftung | website=Tübingen Rechtsaußen | date=22 March 2018 | url=https://tuebingenrechtsaussen.wordpress.com/2018/03/22/mitglied-tuebinger-studentenverbindung-sitzt-im-kuratorium-afd-naher-stiftung/ | language=de | access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> In 2019, he spoke before the Menschenrechtsausschuss (Human Rights Committee) of the [[Bundestag]], in March on the issue of humanitarian aid and in September on the issue of impunity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2019/kw12-pa-menschenrechte-humanitaere-hilfe-594322|title=Experten begrüßen Zuwächse der deutschen humanitären Hilfe|date=March 2009|website=bundestag.de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316143242/https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2019/kw12-pa-menschenrechte-humanitaere-hilfe-594322|archive-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> On this occasion{{clarify|on which occassion – does this refer to the Bundestag speeches?|date=February 2021}} De Zayas was invited as an expert by the AfD to speak on multilateralism in the 21st century, a lecture which he gave in the aula maxima of the [[University of Tuebingen]] in May 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dezayasalfred.wordpress.com/2019/05/16/lecturing-at-the-university-of-tubingen/|title=Lecturing at the University of Tübingen|date=May 2019|website=dezayasalfred.wordcpress.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316143153/https://dezayasalfred.wordpress.com/2019/05/16/lecturing-at-the-university-of-tubingen/|archive-date=16 March 2020}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=February 2021}}

==United Nations Independent Expert==
{{BLP primary sources|section|date=October 2020}}
<!--
In January 2008, the [[Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]] placed de Zayas' name on the public list of candidates for Special Procedures of the UN Human Rights Council.{{cn|date=April 2019}} In 2011, the office of [[United Nations Independent Expert]] on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order was established by Human Rights Council resolution 18/6.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/IEInternationalorderIndex.aspx|title=Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order|website=ohchr.org|accessdate=23 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}
-->
De Zayas was appointed as "Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order" by the U.N. [[Human Rights Council]] at its 19th Session, which concluded on 23 March 2012.<ref name="ohchr1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=12011&LangID=E|title=Human Rights Council concludes nineteenth session|website=Ohchr.org|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122003106/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=12011&LangID=E|archive-date=22 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2019}}

He presented his first report to the UN Human Rights Council at its 21st session in September 2012, calling for uniform application of international law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=42874&Cr=rule+of+law&Cr1=#.UFIe_tA5J2Y|title=United Nations News Centre – At Human Rights Council, UN expert calls for uniform application of international law|publisher=United Nations|date=13 September 2012|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003515/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=42874&Cr=rule+of+law&Cr1=#.UFIe_tA5J2Y|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-45_en.pdf Report of the Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, Alfred-Maurice de Zayas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027201138/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-45_en.pdf |date=27 October 2012 }}, [[United Nations Human Rights Council]].</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}}  On 10 September 2013, he presented his second report to the Human Rights Council A/HRC/24/38, and, in October 2013 his second report to the GA . A/68/284, to the UN General Assembly exploring initiatives and enforcement mechanisms to further advance a democratic and equitable international order, in particular through a [[United Nations Parliamentary Assembly|World Parliamentary Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/68/284|title=Report of the Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, Alfred-Maurice de Zayas|website=ohchr.org|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024012341/http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A%2F68%2F284|archive-date=24 October 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}}
On 10 September 2014, de Zayas presented his third report on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order to the Human Rights Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/27/51|title=Report of the Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, Alfred-Maurice de Zayas|website=ap.ohchr.org|access-date=17 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131152824/https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A%2FHRC%2F27%2F51|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} During its 27th session in September 2014, the Human Rights Council extended his mandate through 2018 pursuant to resolution A/HRC/RES/27/9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G14/177/93/PDF/G1417793.pdf?OpenElement|title=Mandate of the Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order|website=Ohchr.org|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104322/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G14/177/93/PDF/G1417793.pdf?OpenElement|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}

On 27 October 2014, he presented his third report to the General Assembly on the right to self-determination (A/69/272) In the press release issued the following day, he stated: "The realization of the right of self-determination is essential to maintaining local, regional and international peace and must be seen as an important conflict-prevention strategy."<ref name="ohchr.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/Reports.aspx|title=Annual Reports by the Independent Expert to the Human Rights Council|website=ohchr.org|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003514/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/Reports.aspx|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 10 September 2015, he presented his fourth report to the council on the adverse human rights impacts of free trade and investment agreements on a democratic and equitable international order, and on 26 October 2015 to the General Assembly on the issue of investor state dispute settlement.<ref name="ohchr.org"/> The main observations of these reports were reported by news outlets such as [[Reuters]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-rights-idUSKBN0NE24Z20150423|title=U.N. expert says secret trade deals threaten human rights|work=Reuters|date=23 April 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224000011/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-rights-idUSKBN0NE24Z20150423|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live|last1=Miles|first1=Tom}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2015/may/04/ttip-united-nations-human-right-secret-courts-multinationals|title=UN calls for suspension of TTIP talks over fears of human rights abuses|website=The Guardian|date=4 May 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224052606/http://www.theguardian.com/global/2015/may/04/ttip-united-nations-human-right-secret-courts-multinationals|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Huffington Post]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/climate-deception-non-bin_b_8724014.html|title=Climate Deception: Non-binding "Targets" for Climate, but Binding Rules on Trade in Services|website=HuffPost|date=4 December 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224054154/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/climate-deception-non-bin_b_8724014.html|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[The Independent]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/three-ways-ttip-will-violate-your-human-rights-a6768086.html|title=Three ways TTIP will violate your human rights|website=The Independent|date=10 December 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235847/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/three-ways-ttip-will-violate-your-human-rights-a6768086.html|archive-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, the US based magazine of global politics, ''[[Foreign Policy]]'', consulted with the UN Independent Expert on the application of the right to self-determination in the Indonesian region of West Papua.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/05/15/illusions-of-grandeur-john-anari-tom-bleming-west-papua|title=Illusions of Grandeur|website=Foreign Policy|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224000500/http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/05/15/illusions-of-grandeur-john-anari-tom-bleming-west-papua/|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

During his mandate, he addressed multiple contemporary world issues, welcoming the [[Arms Trade Treaty]] and urging States to regulate not only trade but also production of arms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1304/S00048/un-rights-expert-hails-arms-trade-treaty.htm|title=UN Rights Expert Hails Arms Trade Treaty|website=Scoop.co.nz|date=5 April 2013|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115922/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1304/S00048/un-rights-expert-hails-arms-trade-treaty.htm|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- For the 2013 [[World Water Day]], he stated: "With the growth of the world population, the global [[climate change]] and the need for a greater healthy environment, access to water resources has become a crucial condition for the realization of a democratic and equitable international order.".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=13175|title=World Water Day|website=Ohchr.org|date=22 March 2013|accessdate=14 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}
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In 2015, following a press release, de Zayas urged trade negotiators to address the Doha Round commitments to promote equal and fair trade at the Tenth Ministerial Conference in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16870&LangID=E|title=WTO: UN experts urge negotiators to deliver on Doha commitments at the Nairobi conference|website=ohchr.org|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224001259/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16870&LangID=E|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/indias-fight-for-farmers-food-security-at-wto-gets-un-experts-backing/article7981748.ece|title=India's fight for farmers, food security at WTO gets U.N. experts' backing|website=The Hindu|date=13 December 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003514/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/indias-fight-for-farmers-food-security-at-wto-gets-un-experts-backing/article7981748.ece|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live|last1=S|first1=Arun}}</ref><!-- He called for the abolition of Investor-State dispute settlement arbitration which accompanies investment agreements stating: “Far from contributing to human rights and development, ISDS has compromised the State's regulatory functions and resulted in growing inequality among States and within them.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16650&LangID=E|title=International trade: UN expert calls for abolition of Investor-State dispute settlement arbitrations|website=ohchr.org|accessdate=23 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}} -->''The Guardian'' published his op-ed on adverse human rights impacts of free trade and investment agreements.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/16/philip-morris-uruguay-tobacco-isds-human-rights|title=International trade: How can Philip Morris sue Uruguay over its tobacco laws?|website=The Guardian|date=16 November 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235846/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/16/philip-morris-uruguay-tobacco-isds-human-rights|archive-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
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On 12 July 2016, de Zayas presented his report to the UN General Assembly on the human rights impact of tax avoidance, tax evasion, tax fraud and profit shifting, and on 4 August 2016 to the UN Human Rights Council on the adverse human rights impact of international investment agreements and multilateral free trade agreements, including the human rights impacts of WTO law and practice.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/Reports.aspx|title=Annual Reports by the Independent Expert|website=ohchr.org|accessdate=16 May 2018}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/general-assembly/main-/watch/alfred-de-zayas-on-taxation-and-human-rights-press-conference-21-october-2016/5179948916001/?term=&lan=chinese|title=Alfred de Zayas on taxation and human rights – Press Conference (21 October 2016)
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In the following year, the UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order submitted his report on the adverse impact of World Bank policies on human rights and the realisation of a democratic and equitable international order to the UN Human Rights Council.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/Reports.aspx|title=Annual Reports by the Independent Expert|website=ohchr.org|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514030649/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/Reports.aspx|archive-date=14 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 July 2017, de Zayas presented his last report to the UN General Assembly on the human rights impact of IMF policies and practice.<ref name="auto"/> The report was sent to the UN Human Rights Council on 25 January 2018.<ref name="auto"/> On 15 March 2018, he formulated his 23 principles of international order.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22832&LangID=E|title=UN Independent Expert formulates 23 principles of international order|website=ohchr.org|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322140111/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22832&LangID=E|archive-date=22 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, a 1982 photo of de Zayas in [[blackface]] which he had posted on his website was described as "racist and offensive" by [[UN Watch]].<ref name="Scoop News 2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1712/S00023/un-rights-official-in-blackface-is-racist-offensive.htm|title=UN Rights Official in Blackface is 'Racist & Offensive'|date=1 December 2017|website=Scoop News|access-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123419/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1712/S00023/un-rights-official-in-blackface-is-racist-offensive.htm|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 25 February 2018, The UN Independent Expert issued a memorandum that states: "I have come to understand that the lawful political status of the Hawaiian Islands is that of a sovereign nation-state in continuity; but a nation state that is under a strange form of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and fraudulent annexation. As such, international laws (The Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of laws by the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom) not the domestic laws of the occupier (the United States)."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kerr |first1=Breena |title=Hawaii politician stops voting, claiming islands are 'occupied sovereign country' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/29/hawaii-politician-jennifer-ruggles-sovereign-country |work=The Guardian |date=30 November 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hawaiiankingdom.org/pdf/Dr_deZayas_Memo_2_25_2018.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126164429/https://hawaiiankingdom.org/pdf/Dr_deZayas_Memo_2_25_2018.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Report on Venezuela===
{{See also|Crisis in Venezuela}}
In late 2017 de Zayas visited [[Venezuela]].<ref name="Indy2">{{cite web|author=Michael Selby-Green|date=26 January 2019|title=Venezuela crisis: Former UN rapporteur says US sanctions are killing citizens|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/venezuela-us-sanctions-united-nations-oil-pdvsa-a8748201.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127091044/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/venezuela-us-sanctions-united-nations-oil-pdvsa-a8748201.html |archive-date=2019-01-27 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=26 March 2019|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref name="notinor.com2">{{cite web|title=La ONU exigió la liberación de 22 detenidos en Venezuela y reclamó una mayor cooperación por los derechos humanos|url=http://notinor.com/jujuy/la-onu-exigio-la-liberacion-de-22-detenidos-en-venezuela-y-reclamo-una-mayor-cooperacion-por-los-derechos-humanos/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125194645/http://notinor.com/jujuy/la-onu-exigio-la-liberacion-de-22-detenidos-en-venezuela-y-reclamo-una-mayor-cooperacion-por-los-derechos-humanos/|archive-date=25 January 2020|access-date=13 December 2017|website=notinor.com|date=13 December 2017}}</ref> In a February 2018 interview with [[Telesur (TV channel)|Telesur]], de Zayas, said "I’ve compared the statistics of Venezuela with those of other countries and there’s no humanitarian crisis". He said that Venezuela's economic problems were caused by the "economic war" and "economic sanctions placed by the U.S., Canada and the European Union".<ref name="Caracas Chronicles 20183">{{cite web|date=23 February 2018|title=Ideological Blindness of UN Expert is a Triumph for Venezuelan State Propaganda|url=https://www.caracaschronicles.com/2018/02/23/ideological-blindness-un-expert-triumph-venezuelan-state-propaganda/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329170224/https://www.caracaschronicles.com/2018/02/23/ideological-blindness-un-expert-triumph-venezuelan-state-propaganda/|archive-date=29 March 2019|access-date=29 March 2019|website=Caracas Chronicles}}</ref> De Zayas' report, published in August 2018, found internal overdependence on oil, poor governance and corruption had damaged the Venezuelan economy, but that "economic warfare" was a major factor in the crisis. He recommended [[International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis|economic sanctions]] be investigated by the [[International Criminal Court]] as possible [[crimes against humanity]] under Article 7 of the [[Rome Statute]].<ref name="Indy2" /><ref name="ap.ohchr.org2">{{cite web |title=Report of the Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order on his mission to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Ecuador |url=https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/39/47/Add.1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015231550/http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A%2FHRC%2F39%2F47%2FAdd.1 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |access-date=3 August 2017 |website=ap.ohchr.org}}, also available [https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/G1823931.pdf via reliefweb]</ref> The report was received positively by the Venezuelan government.<ref name="notinor.com2" /><ref>{{cite web|author=Alfred de Zayas|title=The Crisis in Venezuela|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2019/03/the-crisis-in-venezuela/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517110625/http://www.ipsnews.net/2019/03/the-crisis-in-venezuela/|archive-date=17 May 2019|access-date=12 March 2019|website=ipsnews.net|date=12 March 2019}}</ref>

More than eighty Venezuelan organizations questioned de Zayas' conclusions that there was not a [[humanitarian crisis]] in the country. In a public statement, the organizations said that before finishing his mission in Venezuela and without having processed the information provided by the organizations, de Zayas formed an opinion prematurely and assumed the government's point of view, which blames the "economic warfare" and "blockade" for the food and medical supplies shortages. The organizations said that in two years, among twenty two experts from twelve international organizations, de Zayas' report was the only one to say there was no humanitarian crisis in the country. Alí Daniels, director of the NGO ''Acceso a la Justicia'' (Access to Justice), said that Venezuelan and Ecuadorian organizations said that, since the mission was not prepared according to independence standards of the United Nations, it could not reach valid or acceptable conclusions for the [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UN Human Rights Council]]. Daniels argued that this lack of balance was demonstrated in Zayas' report, where twelve pages are dedicated to Venezuela and only two and a half to Ecuador.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 September 2018|title=Más de 80 organizaciones cuestionaron ante la ONU informe que niega emergencia humanitaria en Venezuela|language=Spanish|work=El Carabobeño|url=https://www.el-carabobeno.com/mas-de-80-organizaciones-cuestionaron-ante-la-onu-informe-que-niega-emergencia-humanitaria-en-venezuela/|url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527204216/https://www.el-carabobeno.com/mas-de-80-organizaciones-cuestionaron-ante-la-onu-informe-que-niega-emergencia-humanitaria-en-venezuela/|archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>

During the 167th session of the [[Inter-American Commission of Human Rights]], during a discussion of health and nutrition in [[Venezuela]], the Venezuelan state representative screened an interview by state broadcaster [[Telesur (TV channel)|Telesur]] with de Zayas, in which he stated there was not a humanitarian crisis in the country.<ref name="Caracas Chronicles 20183"/> Nutrition expert [[Susana Raffalli]], advisor to [[PROVEA]] and [[Caritas Internationalis|Caritas Organization]] of Venezuela, said de Zayas used poor evidence to support his claim, and that by then four United Nations rapporteurs had already declared that there was a "grave" situation in the country. Raffali said that de Zayas was only one out of forty rapporteurs, and that during his visit to the country and after meeting with civil society organizations, de Zayas only took pictures of the counter of the [[charcuterie]] in front of his hotel.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/vYAd6KFKjqE Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190412180450/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYAd6KFKjqE Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite web |author=Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos |author-link=Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos |date=27 February 2018 |title=Venezuela Alimentación y Salud |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYAd6KFKjqE&t=3066s |access-date=23 May 2018 |at=51:05 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="El Nacional 20172">{{cite news|date=17 December 2017|title=Venezuela en emergencia humanitaria|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/sociedad/venezuela-emergencia-humanitaria_215718|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329170719/http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/sociedad/venezuela-emergencia-humanitaria_215718|archive-date=29 March 2019|access-date=29 March 2019|website=El Nacional|language=es}}</ref>

==Literary works==
{{BLP primary sources|section|date=October 2020}}
Apart from his scholarly work in the fields of history and law, de Zayas has published poetry in English, French, German, Spanish, and [[Dutch language|Dutch]],<ref>"P.E.N. 1998 Anthology, Centre P.E.N. Suisse romand journals Escarpe and Pages littéraires, University of British Columbia's literary journal Esoteric, the Cahier de la société des Ecrivains Valaisans, 2016, 2017, 2018, and in Ex Tempore</ref> has translated the poetry of [[Rainer Maria Rilke]] into English, French, and Spanish,<ref>"in Escarpe, Ex Tempore, UN Special, and book Larenopfer, Red Hen Press, 2008.</ref> and has translated works by [[Joseph von Eichendorff]]<ref>"Zayas, A Terrible Revenge, pp. 9–10</ref><ref>da music, Nr. 61182. Deutsche Austrophon GmbH, D-49356 Diepholdz, 2008, "Montagnola. Dedicated to Hermann Hesse. Meditative Piano Improvisations".</ref> Zayas has published many anti-war poems, including "Beatitudes" in Sam Hamill's "Poets Against the War",<ref>"Thunder's Mouth Press, New York 2003"</ref> "Apocalypse" and "Dinosaurs", published in Esoteric Magazine,<ref>"University of British Columbia, 2005, p. 28"</ref> "Panem et circensis" published in Esoteric Magazine.<ref>"University of British Columbia, 2004, p. 21"</ref>"Manichaean games", published in Ex Tempore.<ref>"Ex Tempore, vol. 17, p. p. 102"</ref>

As a member of the International [[Rainer Maria Rilke]] Society of [[Sierre|Sierre, Switzerland]], de Zayas published the first English-language translation of Rilke's "''Larenopfer''", 90 poems dedicated to Rilke's homeland of Bohemia and his home city of [[Prague]]<ref>''Larenopfer'', with a historical commentary, Red Hen Press, Los Angeles, 2005; second revised and enlarged edition 2008 with a preface by Professor Ralph Freedman. The new study by George C. Schoolfield "Young Rilke and his Time", Camden House 2009, refers favourably to Zayas's pioneering translation.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fondation Rainer Maria Rilke: Les conférences et lectures|url=http://www.fondationrilke.ch/pages/fr/conferences_lectures.htm|access-date=6 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607111253/http://www.fondationrilke.ch/pages/fr/conferences_lectures.htm|archive-date=7 June 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> Zayas has lectured on Rilke in Austria, Germany, Switzerland and Canada.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} On 2 May 2011, he delivered a lecture at the Salon du Livre de Genève (Geneva bookfair) on "Rilke, poète de la Heimat"<ref>"Catalogue of the Geneva Bookfair, L'Agenda", pg. 59<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed, if any --></ref>

A member of [[International PEN]] since 1989, he was Secretary-General of the Centre Swiss Romande of PEN [[PEN Club]] in 2002–06, and its president 2006–10; 2010–13 he was a member of the centre's executive committee, and in 2013 was again elected president through 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pensuisseromand.ch/membres|title=PEN: Membres|website=pensuisseromand.ch|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526190410/http://www.pensuisseromand.ch/membres/|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://us.macmillan.com/author/alfredmauricedezayas/|title=ALFRED-MAURICE DE ZAYAS|website=us.macmillan.com|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207085207/https://us.macmillan.com/author/alfredmauricedezayas/|archive-date=7 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"Hebdo, Mai 2006, Salon du Livre, p. 44."</ref> De Zayas was coordinator of the three Swiss PEN Centres [[Switzerland]] during 2008–10 and 2013–14.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alfreddezayas.com/penclub.shtml|title=PEN International|website=alfreddezayas.com|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210161850/http://www.alfreddezayas.com/penclub.shtml|archive-date=10 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> He served for fifteen years as president of the [[United Nations Society of Writers]], in Geneva.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.extempore.ch/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=3|title=History of Ex Tempore|website=extempore.ch|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201111736/https://www.extempore.ch/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=3|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

From 1990 to 2005, he was president of the [[United Nations Society of Writers]] (UNSW)<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://internationaldiplomat.com/un-library-celebrates-founding-united-nations-society-writers-25-years-ago|title=UN Library celebrates the founding of the United Nations Society of Writers 25 years ago|website=internationaldiplomat.com/|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105308/http://internationaldiplomat.com/un-library-celebrates-founding-united-nations-society-writers-25-years-ago|archive-date=23 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and editor-in-chief and founder of its literary journal ''[[Ex Tempore (magazine)|Ex Tempore]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alfreddezayas.com/extempore.shtml|title=Ex Tempore – The Literary Journal of the United Nations Society of Writers|website=alfreddezayas.com|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003514/http://www.alfreddezayas.com/extempore.shtml|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.extempore.ch|title=Home page|website=Extempore.ch|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112042334/http://extempore.ch/|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{ISSN|1020-6604}}, [http://www.divainternational.ch/spip.php?article256 Alfred de Zayas – fête de la "Genève internationale"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512232132/http://www.divainternational.ch/spip.php?article256 |date=12 May 2010 }}, divainternational.ch. Retrieved 14 December 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Tribune de Genève|date=12 February 2004|title=Le cercle de poètes qui libère les onusiens}}</ref><ref>UN Special, April 1998, "Célébration des lettres: dixième soirée littéraire de la Socété des écrivains des Nations Unies"</ref><ref>U.N. Special, April 2006, pp. 38–39.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.extempore.ch/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=3|title=about us|website=extempore.ch|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201111736/https://www.extempore.ch/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=3|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2019 he was reelected editor-in-chief of ''Ex Tempore''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dezayasalfred.wordpress.com/2018/01/27/22nd-ex-tempore-salon-26-january|title=22nd EX TEMPORE Salon|date=26 January 2018|publisher=wordpress.com|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526191402/https://dezayasalfred.wordpress.com/2018/01/27/22nd-ex-tempore-salon-26-january/|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unspecial.org/UNS680/t24.html|title=UN Special N° 680 Janvier|website=Unspecial.org|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512041310/http://www.unspecial.org/UNS680/t24.html|archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Alfred de Zayas|url=http://www.unspecial.org/UNS682/t82.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106015328/http://www.unspecial.org/UNS682/t82.html|url-status = dead|archive-date=6 January 2010|title=UN Special N° 682 Mars · February • Loisirs|website=Unspecial.org|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.extempore.ch/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=2&Itemid=8|title=Ex Tempore|website=extempore.ch|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104231/http://www.extempore.ch/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=2&Itemid=8|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unspecial.org/2019/11/express-and-de-stress/|title=Express and De-stress|website=unspecial.org|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113095616/https://www.unspecial.org/2019/11/express-and-de-stress/|archive-date=13 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Georg Dehio Prize]], 1980.<ref>''Die Welt'', 5 May 1979, Seite 15.</ref>{{Verify source|date=September 2021}}
* "Dr. Walter-Eckhardt-Ehrengabe für Zeitgeschichtsforschung" ("Dr. [[Walter Eckhardt]] Award for Contemporary History") from [[Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt|Ingolstadt Research Institute for Contemporary History]], 2001.<ref>''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 4 December 2001.</ref>{{Verify source|date=September 2021}}
* "Scholarly Achievement Award" of the [[Armenian National Committee of America]], 8 November 2003<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asbarez.com/49209/prominent-scholar-dr-de-zayas-to-discuss-applicability-of-un-convention-to-armenian-genocide/ |title=Prominent Scholar Dr. De Zayas to Discuss Applicability of UN Convention to Armenian Genocide |date=5 November 2003 |website=[[Asbarez]] |location=Los Angeles}}</ref>
*Cultural Prize (''Kulturpreis'') of the city of [[Geislingen an der Steige|Geislingen]] (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) for his Rilke and Hesse translations, 2008<ref name="ReferenceA">''[[Geislinger Zeitung]]'', 28 July 2008.</ref>{{Verify source|date=September 2021}}
*Educator's Award, Canadians for Genocide Education, 31 March 2011.<ref name="prlog.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.prlog.org/11410494-genocide-memorial-week-commemorations-award-to-prof-dr-alfred-de-zayas.html|title=Genocide Memorial Week Commemorations -Award to Prof. Dr. Alfred de Zayas|website=PRLog.org|date=31 March 2011|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003514/http://www.prlog.org/11410494-genocide-memorial-week-commemorations-award-to-prof-dr-alfred-de-zayas.html|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/GPNSearchResults/tabid/64/ctl/DisplayArticle/mid/400/aid/393/Default.aspx|title=Alfred de Zayas Receives 2011 Canadian Educators' Award|website=Genocidepreventionnow.org|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122211851/http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/GPNSearchResults/tabid/64/ctl/DisplayArticle/mid/400/aid/393/Default.aspx|archive-date=22 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Neue Welt">[http://www.neueweltonline.com/current.htm ''Neue Welt''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402180836/http://www.neueweltonline.com/current.htm |date=2 April 2011 }}, neueweltonline.com, 6 April 2011, page 6. Retrieved 14 December 2015.</ref>

==Selected works==
===Books===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*''Building a Just World Order'' (1st ed.). Clarity Press, Atlanta, Georgia, 2021. {{ISBN|978-1-949762-42-6}}
*''80 Thesen zur Vertreibung. Aufarbeiten anstatt Verdrängen'', together with Konrad Badenheuer, Verlag Inspiration, London and Berlin, 2019: {{ISBN|978-3-945127-29-2}}
*''Völkermord als Staatsgeheimnis'' [''Genocide as State Secret''], Olzog Verlag, München, 2011; {{ISBN|978-3-7892-8329-1}}
* ''The Genocide against the Armenians and the relevance of the 1948 Genocide Convention'', Beirut, Lebanon: Haigazian University Press, 2010; {{ISBN|978-9953-475-15-8}}
*''The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008'' (together with Jakob Th. Möller), N.P.Engel Publishers, Kehl/Strasbourg, 2009; {{ISBN|978-3-88357-144-7}}
*''50 Thesen zur Vertreibung'' London/Berlin: Verlag Inspiration Un Limited, 2008; {{ISBN|978-3-9812110-0-9}} ''50 Theses on the Expulsion of the Germans from Central and Eastern Europe'', Verlag Inspiration Un Ltd.: London and Berlin, 2012; {{ISBN|978-3-9812110-4-7}}
*''Rainer Maria Rilke. Die Larenopfer'' Bilingual English-German edition with commentary. Los Angeles: [[Red Hen Press]], 2005; {{ISBN|1-59709-010-7}}; second revised edition with a preface by Ralph Freedman, 2008.{{ISBN|978-1-59709-080-3}}.
*''International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms'' (with Gudmundur Alfredsson and [[Bertrand Ramcharan]]). The Hague: Kluwer, 2001; {{ISBN|90-411-1445-9}}. New revised edition, Brill 2009; {{ISBN|978-90-04-16236-5}}.
*''[[Heimatrecht ist Menschenrecht]]'' Universitas Verlag, 2001; {{ISBN|3-8004-1416-3}}
*''[[Nemesis at Potsdam|Nemesis at Potsdam: The Expulsion of the Germans from the East]]'' Routledge (1979) {{ISBN|978-0897253604}}; 7th ed. Rockland, Maine: Picton Press, 2003; {{ISBN|0-89725-360-4}}. 14. revised German edition Die Nemesis von Potsdam, Herbig, Munich 2005, isbn .
*''[[A Terrible Revenge]]: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994; {{ISBN|1-4039-7308-3}}; second revised edition, Palgrave/Macmillan, New York 2006.
*''[[The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939-1945]]'' (with Walter Rabus). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989; {{ISBN|0-8032-9908-7}}. New revised edition with Picton Press, Rockland, Maine; {{ISBN|0-89725-421-X}}. German edition: ''Die Wehrmacht Untersuchungsstelle'', 7th revised and enlarged edition Universitas/Langen Müller, Munich 2001; 8th revised and enlarged edition Lindenbaum Verlag, 2012; {{ISBN|978-3-938176-39-9}}.
*''The Protection of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice'' (with Cherif Bassiouni). New York: Transnational Publishers, 1994 {{ISBN|094-1-320-87-1}}.
*{{cite book | last1 = de Zayas | first1 = Alfred | author1-mask = 1 | date = 2007-02-01 | title = Die deutschen Vertriebenen – Keine Täter sondern Opfer: Hintergründe, Tatsachen, Folgen | trans-title = The German expellees – not perpetrators but victims: background, facts, consequences | url-access =  | language = de | publisher = ARES Verlag  | isbn = 978-3902475152 | lccn = 2006502139 | oclc = 71328804 | ol = OL16302134M }}
{{refend}}

===Articles and chapters===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* 4 entries in Dinah Shelton (ed.) ''Encyclopedia of Genocide''. Macmillan Reference, 2005, "Aggression", "Ismael Enver", "Nelson Mandela", "Raoul Wallenberg".{{ISBN|978-00-28-65847-6}}.
* 6 entries in David Forsythe, ''Encyclopedia of Human Rights'' (Oxford 2009): P.E.N. International and Human Rights, Jose Ayala Lasso, Aryeh Neier, Kenneth Roth, Simon Wiesenthal and Bertrand Ramcharan; {{ISBN|978-0-19-533402-9}}.
* 18 entries in the ''Encyclopaedia of Public International Law'', edited by Rudolf Bernhardt, Amsterdam: Elsevier, Vol. 1–5, 1992–2003, including "Amnesty Clause", "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights", "Combatants", "Spanish Civil War", "Population Expulsion", "Repatriation", "Open Towns", "Curzon Line", "Territory, Abandonment", "Territory, Discovery", "United States Dependent Territories", "European Recovery Program", "Westphalia, Peace of", etc. {{ISBN|0 444 86246 3}}
* 6 entries in the ''Max Planck Encyclopaedia of Public International Law'', edited by Rüdiger Wolfrum, Oxford, 2012, including "Forced Population Transfer", "Guantanamo Naval Base", "Marshall Plan", {{ISBN|978-0-19-929168-7}}
*"The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights" in Helmut Volger (ed.) ''Concise Encyclopaedia of the United Nations'', The Hague: Kluwer, 2002 (2nd revised edition 2009). {{ISBN|9789047444541}}
*"Peace" in William Schabas (ed.) ''Cambridge Companion to International Criminal Law'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016 {{ISBN|978-1-107-69568-9}}
*"{{lang|de|Die amerikanische Besetzung Guantánamos", Institut für Rechtspolitik an der Universität Trier, Rechtspolitisches Forum Nr. 28, 2005,}} {{ISSN|1616-8828}}.
*"The United Nations and the Guarantees of a Fair Trial" in David Weisbrodt (ed.), ''The Right to a Fair Trial'', Springer Berlin, Volume 129, 1997, {{ISBN|3-540-62593-3}}.
*"Ethnic Cleansing: Applicable Norms, Emerging Jurisprudence, Implementable Remedies" in John Carey (ed.) ''International Humanitarian Law: Origins'', New York: Transnational Press, 2003, pp.&nbsp;283–307, {{ISBN|978-1571052643}}.
*"The Follow-up Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee" in ''International Commission of Jurists Review'', no. 47, 1991. {{ISSN|0443-8094}}
*"Petitioning the United Nations" in ''American Society of International Law'', Proceedings of the 9th annual Meeting, 2001, Washington DC
*"International Law and Mass Population Transfers" in ''Harvard International Law Journal'', 16: 207–58. {{ISSN|0017-8063}}
*"The Illegal Implantation of Turkish Settlers in Occupied Northern Cyprus" in Gilbert Gornig (ed.), ''Iustitia et Pax'', Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2008, pp.&nbsp;721–31. {{ISBN|978-3-428-12745-0}}
*"Karl Ernst Smidt" in ''Biographisches Lexikon für Ostfriesland'', Aurich, 2007. {{ISBN|3-932206-62-2}}
*"{{lang|de|Der Krieg im ehemaligen Yugoslawien aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht}}" in Tilman Zülch (ed.) "Ethnische Säuberung-Völkermord", Hamburg: [[Luchterhand Literaturverlag|Luchterhand]] (1993). {{ISBN|3-630-71084-0}}.
*"Minority Rights in the New Millennium" in ''The Geneva Post Quarterly'', May 2007, pp.&nbsp;155–208. {{ISSN|1422-2248}}
*"Normes morales et normes juridiques. Concurrence ou conciliation" in Anne Sophie Millet-Devalle (ed.), ''Religions et Droit International Humanitaire'', Paris: Editions Pedone, 2007, pp.&nbsp;81–87. {{ISBN|978-2-233-00535-9}}
*"{{lang|de|Der Nürnberger Prozess}}" in Alexander Demandt "{{lang|de|Macht und Recht}}", Munich: C.H. Beck, 1996. {{ISBN|3 406 39282 2}}
* "The potential for US ratification and enforcement of the Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights". ''Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law'', vol. 20, 1990. pp.&nbsp;299–310. {{ISSN|0046-578X}}
*"The Procedures and Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, ''The Legal Practice in International Law and European Community Law'', Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2007. {{ISBN|978-9004154261}}.
*"Desarrollo jurisprudencial del Comité de Derechos Humanos" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, "Iniciación a la práctica en Derecho Internacional y Derecho comunitario europeo", Marcial Pons, Barcelona 2003, {{ISBN|84-9768-069-3}}
*"Reflections on Law and Justice" in [https://divainternational.ch/-previous-issues-.html Diva International Diplomat], N. 3, 2019, Geneva {{ISSN|1660-9913}} pp.&nbsp;26–27.
*"Ethnic Cleansing 1945 and Today: Observations on its Illegality and implications" in Steven Vardy (ed.), ''Ethnic Cleansing in 20th century Europe'' New York, Columbia University Press {{ISBN|0-88033-995-0}}
*"Selbstbestimmungsrecht und Vereinten Nationen" in Hans-Joachim Heintze (ed.) ''Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker'' Bonn, Dietz Verlag, 1997 {{ISBN|3-8012-0247-X}}
*"A historic survey of twentieth century expulsions" in Anna Bramwell (ed.) ''Refugees in the Age of Total War'', Boston, Unwyn Hyman, 1988 {{ISBN|0-04-445194-6}}
*"The Ottoman genocide of the Greeks" in Tessa Hoffman (ed.)''The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks'', New York, Caratzas, 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-89241-615-8}}
*"Le comité des droits de l'homme et le defi de Guantanamo" in Ben Aissa (ed.) ''Mélanges offeerts au Doyen Abdelfattah Amor'' Tunis, Centre de Publications Universitaires, 2005 {{ISBN|9973-37-282-4}}
*"La dérogation et le comité des droits de l'homme" in Daniel Premont (ed.)''Droits Intangibles et Droits de l'Homme '' Bruxelles, Bruylant, 1996 {{ISBN|2-8027-0766-3}}
*"Les Arménians et le droit au recours" in Politique Internationale, Revue trimestrielle, No. 147, Paris {{ISSN|0221-2781}}
*"Préface" to the collection of poems by Camilo Pallasco and Françoise Mianda, ''Le jeu des mots. Poèmes ''  Editions de la Maison Rouge, Cossonay {{ISBN|978-2-940410-36-1 }}
* {{cite web | title=Human rights and indefinite detention | website=International Review of the Red Cross | date=March 2016 | url=https://international-review.icrc.org/articles/human-rights-and-indefinite-detention | language=en | access-date=29 August 2019}}
{{refend}}

===Journals===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite journal | last1 = de Zayas | first1 = Alfred | author1-mask = 1 | date = 1991-12-01 | title = The Follow-up Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee | journal = International Commission of Jurists Review | publisher = [[International Commission of Jurists]] | language = en | issue = 47 | pages = 28–35 | url = https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ICJ-Review-47-1999-eng.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160405111009/https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ICJ-Review-47-1999-eng.pdf | archive-date = 2016-04-05 | access-date = 2022-02-22 | url-status = live | issn = 0020-6393 | lccn = 75009596 | oclc = 605141439}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Zayas |first1=Alfred-Maurice de | author1-mask = 1  | title = The Wehrmacht bureau on war crimes |journal = [[The Historical Journal]] | date = 1992-06-01 | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 383–399 | doi = 10.1017/S0018246X00025851 |s2cid=159986792 | eissn = 1469-5103 | issn = 0018-246X | lccn = 62052664 | oclc = 301165981 }}
*{{cite journal | last1 = de Zayas | first1 = Alfred | author1-mask = 1  | title = The Kalshoven Commission | journal = Leiden Journal of International Law |date = 1993-04-01 | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 131–134 | doi = 10.1017/S0922156500001680 | s2cid = 145179888 | eissn = 1469-5103 | issn = 1478-9698 | lccn = 2004252700 | oclc = 916305492  }}
*{{cite journal | last1 = de Zayas | first1 = Alfred | author1-mask = 1 | date = 1995-12-10 | orig-date = 1995-09-01 | title = The right to one's homeland, ethnic cleansing, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia | journal = Criminal Law Forum | language = en | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 257–314 | doi = 10.1007/BF01097769 | issn = 1046-8374 | lccn = 2007233703 | oclc = 223314674 | s2cid = 144513680}}
*{{cite journal | last1 = de Zayas | first1 = Alfred | author1-mask = 1  | title = Collective expulsions: Norms, Jurisprudence, remedies | journal = Refugee Survey Quarterly | date = 1997-09-01 | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 149–153 | doi = 10.1093/rsq/16.3.149 | issn = 0253-1445 | oclc = 244827927 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Zayas |first1=Alfred de | author1-mask = 1  |title=The Istanbul Pogrom of 6–7 September 1955 in the Light of International Law |journal = [[International Association of Genocide Scholars|Genocide Studies and Prevention]] | publisher = [[University of Toronto Press]] |date=1 August 2007 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=137–154 |doi=10.3138/gsp.2.2.137 | eissn = 1911-0359 | issn = 1911-9933 | oclc = 804391848 |url=https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol2/iss2/4 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal | last1 = de Zayas | first1 = Alfred |last2 = Martín | first2 = Áurea Roldán | author1-mask = 1  | title = Freedom of Opinion and Freedom of Expression: Some Reflections on General Comment No. 34 of the Un Human Rights Committee | journal = Netherlands International Law Review | language = en | date = 2012-12-07 | volume = 59 | issue = 3 | pages = 425–454 | doi = 10.1017/S0165070X12000289 | issn = 0028-2138 | oclc = 182898419 | s2cid = 147266476 }}
{{refend}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web | author=Simon Bradley|title='People power' is path to democratic enforcement of human rights | website=Swissinfo | date=23 September 2016 | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/directdemocracy/alfred-de-zayas_-people-power-is-path-to-democratic-enforcement-of-human-rights/42463728| language=en | access-date=26 March 2019}} (interview)
* {{cite web | title=Alfred de Zayas, el experto de la ONU con aire "procastrista" que visita Venezuela | author=El Cooperante| website=El Cooperante | date=27 November 2017 | url=https://elcooperante.com/el-experto-en-la-onu-con-aires-pronazi-y-procastrista-que-visitara-venezuela/ | language=es | access-date=26 March 2019}} (profile)
* {{cite web | title=Former U.N. Expert: The U.S. Is Violating International Law by Attempting a Coup in Venezuela | author=Amy Goodman| website=Democracy Now | date=24 January 2019 | url=https://www.democracynow.org/2019/1/24/former_un_expert_the_us_is| language=en | access-date=26 March 2019}} (interview)
* {{cite web | title=Interview d'Alfred de Zayas: "Lorsqu'on œuvre pour les droits de l'homme, il faut de la patience, de la persévérance et de la passion" | author=Horizons et débats|website=L'Hora | date=July 2018 | url=https://l-hora.org/?p=8771&lang=fr | language=fr | access-date=29 August 2019}} (interview)
* {{cite web | last=Jourdan | first=Par Alain | title=L'insoumis Alfred de Zayas jette son dernier pavé [The rebellious Alfred de Zayas throws his last stone]| website=[[Tribune de Geneve]] | date=26 March 2019 | url=http://www.tdg.ch/monde/insoumis-alfred-zayas-jette-dernier-pave/story/25869696 | language=fr | access-date=26 March 2019}} (interview and profile on occasion of his "controversial report" on Venezuela)
* {{cite web | author=Dan Kovalik|title=Americans Must Hear The Other, Hopeful Side of The Venezuelan Story | website=HuffPost contributors | date=20 December 2017 | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/americans-must-hear-the-other-hopeful-side-of-the_b_5a3a77aae4b06cd2bd03d6cb| language=en | access-date=26 March 2019}} (opinion piece highlighting de Zayas' work)
* {{cite web | title=De Zayas: UN Human Rights Council's Report on Venezuela is 'Unbalanced' (1/2) | website=New Cold War | date=15 July 2019 | url=https://www.newcoldwar.org/de-zayas-un-human-rights-councils-report-on-venezuela-is-unbalanced-1-2/ | author=Greg Wilbert|language=en | access-date=29 August 2019}} (podcast transcript originally published by [[The Real News]])

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{official website|http://www.alfreddezayas.com }}

{{United Nations Special Rapporteurs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zayas, Alfred-Maurice de}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American historians]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:American anti-war activists]]
[[Category:American legal writers]]
[[Category:American officials of the United Nations]]
[[Category:American people of Asturian descent]]
[[Category:American politicians of Cuban descent]]
[[Category:Cuban emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:DePaul University people]]
[[Category:Florida lawyers]]
[[Category:German–English translators]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Human rights lawyers]]
[[Category:Historians of Nazism]]
[[Category:International law scholars]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law people]]
[[Category:New York (state) lawyers]]
[[Category:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights officials]]
[[Category:United Nations special rapporteurs]]
[[Category:University of Göttingen alumni]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Latino conservatism in the United States]]