View source for Algarve

{{for|the wine region|Algarve VR}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Algarve
| native_name        = 
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = [[Administrative divisions of Portugal#NUTS|Region]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Faro - Portugal (16083970893) (cropped).jpg
| photo2a = Palácio de Estói - Portugal (8291585643) (cropped).jpg
| photo2b = Faro - Portugal (14214851063).jpg
| photo3a = Beach at Albufeira.JPG
| photo3b = Algarve23.jpg
| photo4a = Loule (Portugal) (49836185578).jpg
| photo4b = Loule (Portugal) (40661376180).jpg
| photo5a = Apartment buildings at Praia da Rocha, Portimão.jpg
| photo6a = Praia de Marinha.jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = center
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
| foot_montage = <small>'''Top left to bottom right''': aerial view of the capital of Algarve [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]]; Estói Palace; City gates in Faro; A beach in [[Albufeira]]; The open fields of the Algarve in spring; Mourish style market of Loulé; [[Castle of Loule]]; The city of Portimão; Algarve's typical coast ([[Praia da Marinha|Marinha Beach]], near [[Lagoa, Algarve|Lagoa]])</small>
}}
| image_flag         = 
| image_shield       = 
| motto              = 
| nickname           = 
| etymology          = <!-- location -->
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Portugal}}
| subdivision_type1  = 
| subdivision_name1  = 
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| subdivision_type3  = 
| subdivision_name3  = 
| subdivision_type4  = 
| subdivision_name4  = <!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map          = LocalRegiaoAlgarve.svg
| map_caption        = The Algarve Region in Portugal
| pushpin_map        = Europe#Portugal
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Europe##Location within Portugal
| pushpin_relief     = 0
| coordinates        = {{coord|37.242|-8.170|type:adm2nd_globe:earth_region:PT|display=ti}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- seat -->
| seat               = [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]]
| seat_type          = Capital
<!-- established -->
| established_title  = [[Kingdom of Algarve]] within the Kingdom of Portugal
| established_date   = 1249–1815
| established_title2  = Constituent kingdom of the [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]]
| established_date2   = 1815–1825
| established_title3  = {{clarify|date=December 2024}}
| established_date3   = 1825–1910
| established_title4  = Region of the [[Portuguese Republic]]
| established_date4   = since 1910
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 4996.80
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = <!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = <!-- population -->
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 467,495 {{increase}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_rank          = {{same}} [[Ranked list of Portuguese regions#By population|5th]]
| population_demonym       = Algarvio<br />''algarvio'' (m.), ''algarvia'' (f.)
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1          = [[Western European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset1        = +0
| timezone1_DST      = [[Western European Summer Time|WEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code -->| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 
| geocode            = 
| iso_code           = PT-08
| blank_name         = [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]]
| blank_info         = PT15
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|access-date=14 January 2025|title=Produto interno bruto (B.1*g) a preços correntes (Base 2021 - €) por Localização geográfica (NUTS - 2024); Anual|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0014131&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2|website=www.ine.pt}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=14 January 2025|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0014103&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2|title=Produto interno bruto (B.1*g) por habitante a preços correntes (Base 2021 - €) por Localização geográfica (NUTS - 2024); Anual|website=www.ine.pt}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Rank total
| demographics1_info1  = {{decrease}} [[List of Portuguese administrative divisions by GDP|6th]] (2023)
| demographics1_title2 = Rank per capita
| demographics1_info2 = {{decrease}} [[List of Portuguese administrative divisions by GDP|3rd]] (2023)
| demographics1_title3 = Total
| demographics1_info3 = {{increase}} €13.143 billion (2023)
| demographics1_title4 = Per capita
| demographics1_info4 = {{increase}} €27,303 (2023)
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)
| blank_info_sec1    = {{increase}} 0.849<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/PRT/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&colour_scales=global |title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org |language=en |access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref><br/>{{color|darkgreen|very high}} · [[List of Portuguese regions by Human Development Index|4th]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->| website            = {{URL|https://www.ccdr-alg.pt/}}
| footnotes          = Statistics from [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)|INE]] (2005); geographic detail from Instituto Geográfico Português (2010)
}}
The '''Algarve''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|æ|l|ˈ|ɡ|ɑr|v|,_|ˈ|æ|l|ɡ|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ɑː|l|ˈ|ɡ|ɑr|v|ə|,_|æ|l|ˈ|-}},<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary |Algarve |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/algarve |title=Algarve |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=HarperCollins |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Algarve |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182613/https://www.lexico.com/definition/algarve |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Algarve |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Algarve|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|pt-PT|alˈɣaɾvɨ|lang|pt-Algarve.ogg}}) is the southernmost [[NUTS statistical regions of Portugal|NUTS II region]] of [[continental Portugal]]. It has an area of {{convert|4997|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name=dgt>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |title=Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país |access-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105172426/http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with 467,495<ref name="ine">{{cite web|title=Statistics Portugal|url=https://censos.ine.pt/scripts/db_censos_2021.html|url-status=live|work=ine.pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728115301/https://censos.ine.pt/scripts/db_censos_2021.html |archive-date=28 July 2021 }}</ref> permanent inhabitants and incorporates 16 municipalities ([[concelho|''concelhos'' or ''municípios'']] in Portuguese).<ref name=law75/>

The region has its administrative centre in the city of [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], where both the region's [[Gago Coutinho Airport|international airport]] and public university, the [[University of Algarve]], are located. The region is the same as the area included in the [[Faro District]] and is subdivided into two zones, one to the West ([[Barlavento Algarvio|Barlavento]]) and another to the East ([[Sotavento Algarvio|Sotavento]]). Tourism and related activities are extensive and make up the bulk of the Algarve's summer economy. Production of food which includes fish and other seafood, as well as different types of fruit<ref name="JBI GROUP">{{Cite web |title=JBI GROUP - |url=https://jbigroup.pt/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=JBI GROUP |language=pt}}</ref> and vegetables such as [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[Common fig|figs]], [[plum]]s, [[carob]] pods, [[almond]]s, [[avocado]]s, [[tomato]]es, [[cauliflower]]s, [[strawberries]], and [[raspberries]], are also economically important in the region.

Although [[Lisbon]] surpasses the Algarve in terms of tourism revenue,<ref>{{cite news |title=Lisboa ultrapassa pela primeira vez 1.000 milhões de euros em receitas de alojamento turístico|url=https://www.jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/lisboa-ultrapassa-pela-primeira-vez-1-000-milhoes-de-euros-em-receitas-de-alojamento-turistico-271075 |access-date=26 February 2018 |agency=O Jornal Económico |issue=Economy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302225034/http://www.jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/lisboa-ultrapassa-pela-primeira-vez-1-000-milhoes-de-euros-em-receitas-de-alojamento-turistico-271075|archive-date=2 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Algarve is still, overall, considered to be the biggest and most important Portuguese tourist region, having received an estimated total of 4.2 million tourists in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Algarve com 4,2 milhões de turistas e 20 milhões de dormidas oficiais em 2017 – AHETA |url=https://www.dn.pt/lusa/interior/algarve-com-42-milhoes-de-turistas-e-20-milhoes-de-dormidas-oficiais-em-2017---aheta-9066097.html |access-date=26 February 2018 |agency=Diário de notícias |issue=Economy}}</ref> Its population triples in the peak holiday season due to seasonal residents.<ref>{{cite web |title=O "outro Algarve" é um paraíso |date=28 July 2017 |url=https://www.sabado.pt/portugal/detalhe/o-outro-algarve-e-um-paraiso |website=Sábado |author1=Gonçalo Correia |author2=Diogo Lopes |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> Due to the high standards of quality of life, mainly regarding safety and access to public health services, as well as due to cultural factors and considerably good weather conditions, the Algarve is becoming increasingly sought after, mostly by central and northern Europeans, as a permanent place to settle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Algarve ganha 5.545 "novos cidadãos" num ano |url=https://jornaldoalgarve.pt/algarve-ganha-5-545-novos-cidadaos-num-ano/ |website=Jornal do Algarve |date=10 July 2018 |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> Several studies and reports have concluded that the Algarve is among the world's best places to retire.<ref name="theportugalnews.com">{{cite web |date=18 August 2016 |url=http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/algarve-once-again-elected-best-place-in-the-world-to-retire/39218 |title=Algarve once again elected best place in the world to retire|website=The Portugal News|access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How to retire in Portugal: your top questions answered |website=Expatica Portugal |url=https://www.expatica.com/pt/finance/retirement/retire-in-portugal-908573/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Algarve is the fourth<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org |language=en|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref> most developed [[regions of Portugal|Portuguese region]]–in 2019, it was placed fourth out of seven regions with a [[human development index]] (HDI) of 0.847 ([[Portugal]]'s HDI average	was 0.864 in 2019). With a [[GDP per capita]] at 85.2% of the [[European Union]] average, it has the second highest purchasing power in the country only behind the [[Lisbon Metropolitan Area]].<ref name=EComission>{{cite web |title=Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs – Algarve Region of Portugal |date=25 July 2010 |url=https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/regional-innovation-monitor/base-profile/algarve-region-portugal |publisher=European Commission |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The term "Algarve" comes from the [[Arabic]] {{lang|ar|الغرب}} ({{translit|ar|al-ġarb}}), meaning "the west", that is, [[Western Al-Andalus]]. This term was used by the Portuguese to refer to the areas of [[Iberia]] right to their south, which were under Muslim control, with the term eventually narrowing down to only the southwesternmost region.

After a streak of military victories against the [[Wattasids]] in 1471 that resulted in the conquest of the cities of [[Asilah]] and [[Tangier]], the Portuguese, who saw their overseas conquests as an extension of the [[Reconquista]], came to refer to their North African possessions as the "Algarve-Beyond-the-Sea" ({{lang|pt|Algarve de Além-Mar}}) or the "African Algarve", in contrast with the '''European Algarve''', now retroactively known as "'''Algarve-Before-the-Sea'''" ({{lang|pt|Algarve de Aquém-Mar}}). It was thus common to speak of "[[Kingdom of the Algarves|the Algarves]]" in the plural, even after the abandonment of [[Mazagan|Portugal's last North African outpost]] in 1769, especially in the context of the title of "King/Queen of the Algarves" held by [[Portuguese monarch]]s right up until the [[implantation of the Portuguese Republic]], with the plural form falling into disuse since. [[Spanish monarch]]s also claim the title, though only [[Pretender|in pretense]], not laying any territorial claims on the European Algarve (although [[Ceuta]] has historically been considered part of the so-called "Algarve-Beyond-the-Sea").

==History==

===Pre-Roman times===
[[File:Vista aerea dos Monumentos de Alcalar - 11.03.2023.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Megalithic Monuments of Alcalar]] in [[Mexilhoeira Grande]], dating back to the 3rd millennium BC]]
[[File:Escrita sudoeste by Henrique Matos 002A.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Conii]] script, [[8th century BC]]]]
Human presence in southern Portugal dates back to the [[Paleolithic]] and [[Neolithic]] periods. The presence of [[megalith]]ic stones in the area of [[Vila do Bispo]], [[Menir da Cabeça do Rochedo|Lagos]], [[Menhirs of Lavajo|Alcoutim]] and elsewhere in the region attests to this presence.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arqueologia no Algarve |url=https://www.e-cultura.pt/artigo/19345 |website=E-cultura |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>

At around the year 1000 BC, the [[Phoenicia]]ns founded the city of [[Cádiz]],<ref name=HistPort>{{cite book |last1=Ribeiro | first1=Ângelo |last2=Hermano Saraiva | first2=José |title=História de Portugal |date=2004 |publisher=QuidNovi – Edições e Conteúdo, S.A. |isbn=989-554-106-6 |pages=9–10 |language=Portuguese |quote=Volume I}}</ref> and, subsequently, coastal ports along the Algarve coast. By the time of the [[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginians]], Portus Hannibalis – located in what is today either the city of [[Portimão]] or the town of [[Alvor (Portimão)|Alvor]] in the Algarve – is named after [[Hannibal|Hannibal Barca]].<ref name=HistPort/>
The [[Cynetes]], as they were known in [[Greek language|Greek]], Conii, in [[Latin]],<ref name=PortRoma>{{cite book|last1=DE ALARCÃO|first1=Jorge|title=Portugal Romano|year=1973|publisher=GRIS, IMPRESSORES, S. A. R. L.|page=17|language=Portuguese}}</ref> were established by the sixth century BC in the region of the Algarve (called Cyneticum). Their ethnic and linguistic origins remain widely disputed, although, due to geographical proximity, it is possible that they were related both to [[Tartessos]]<ref>{{cite book|title=AAVV. "Algarve" in Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira de Cultura. |year=1973|publisher=Editorial Verbo|language=Portuguese}}</ref> and the [[Celtici]], seeing that Conii, the likely designation they used to describe themselves,<ref name=PortRoma/> is derived of the [[Proto-Celtic]] kwon ('dog').<ref>{{cite book |author1=DELAMARRE, Xavier |title=Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise |date=2008 |publisher=Errance |isbn=9782877723695 |language=French}}</ref> These [[Indo-European migrations|Indo-European tribes]], [[Celts|Celtic]] or pre-Celtic, created a settlement in [[Lacobriga|Lacóbriga]] (today's [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]]) in the year 1899 BC.<ref>{{cite book |author1=PAULA, Rui Mendes |editor1-last=Câmara Municipal de Lagos |title=Estudo do Manuscrito Anónimo do Séc. XVIII |date=1992 |publisher=Livro Aberto, Editores Livreiros Lda. |isbn=9789729567629 |pages=392|language=Portuguese}}</ref>

===Roman period===
[[File:Ruinas Romanas de Milreu 2017 - Templo.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Roman Ruins of Milreu|Roman temple of Milreu]] in [[Estói]]]]
The Algarve region came under [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] control after [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus (consul 142 BC)|Fabius Maximus Servilianus]] defeated the [[Lusitanians]] and the [[Turduli]] in the context of the [[Lusitanian War]], as was the case of much of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], which was absorbed into the [[Roman Republic]] in the second century BC. Cyneticum (in reference to the [[Cynetes]] who inhabited the region), as it was then called, became integrated into [[Hispania Ulterior]] and into [[Lusitania]] afterwards, being under Roman influence for around 600 years (from 200 BC till 410 AD), having thus adopted [[Latin]] as the official language, as well as Roman cultural, political, architectonic, religious, and economic tenets.

Seeing that during this time traveling through the land was dangerous, its geography meant that Cyneticum was of crucial importance as a passageway between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean, connecting countless Roman ports to several provinces, mainly in other parts of [[Hispania]], [[Gaul]] and [[Roman Britain|Britannia]]. This meant that the region experienced a great level of prosperity accrued through an expansion of its trading and commercial capabilities, mainly from the production and commercialization of olive oil and [[garum]], products very much sought after throughout the Roman Empire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Viegas |first1=Catarina |title=A Ocupação Romana do Algarve |date=2011 |publisher=CENTRO DE ARQUEOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA |isbn=978-989-95653-4-0 |page=39 |url=https://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/9775/1/CViegas-2011.pdf |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Mosaico do Deus Oceano - Faro - 30.11.2018.jpg|thumb|right|Mosaic of Roman God [[Oceanus]], found in Ossonoba, modern day [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]]]]
As [[Christianity]] rose in popularity, becoming the official religion of the Roman Empire under [[Constantine the Great]], Cyneticum, following the same tendency of the rest of the Roman provinces, made the transition from a [[Polytheism|polytheistic]] society into a [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] one. The region made a gradual changeover into Christianity, as Pagan and [[Animism|Animistic]] religions became obsolete under this new cultural influence. Roman Emperor [[Theodosius I]], himself a native of the Iberian Peninsula, would come to prohibit Paganism in 381. The [[Roman Ruins of Milreu|Roman Temple of Milreu]], originally dedicated to [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], transformed later on into a Paleochristian temple, is an example of the religious changes that took place in this period.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Neto, João |author2=Gordalina, Rosário |title=Ruínas de Estói / Ruínas de Milreu |url=http://www.monumentos.gov.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=2883 |website=Direção-Geral do Património Cultural |publisher=SIPA |access-date=19 March 2020 |date=2003}}</ref>

Many Roman ruins, both in the form of temples, [[Villa rustica|countryside villas]] (of which more than 30 were found in the Algarve), public baths, bridges, salting and fish-processing facilities and mosaics are widespread all over the region, notably in [[Vila do Bispo]], [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]], [[Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada|Portimão]], [[Roman ruins of Cerro da Vila|Quarteira]], [[Roman Ruins of Milreu|Faro]], [[Olhão]], [[Balsa (Roman town)|Tavira]] and in other areas, illustrating the strong contributions that Roman culture as a whole made to the Algarve.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finding Rome on the Atlantic: an informal guide to some of the visible remains of Rome in Southern Portugal and Southwest Spain |url=https://www.algarvehistoryassociation.com/pt/iberian-history/58-finding-rome-on-the-atlantic |website=Algarve History Association |publisher=David Johnson |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cm-faro.pt/3366/milreu-roman-ruins.aspx|title=Milreu Roman Ruins|last=CM-FARO|website=cm-faro.pt|access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Villa de Milreu, os romanos no Algarve |url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/villa-de-milreu-os-romanos-no-algarve/ |website=RTP Ensina |access-date=19 March 2020 |date=2015}}</ref>

===Medieval period===
{{See also|Gharb al-Andalus|Kingdom of the Algarve}}
[[File:Capitel Visigótico de Pedra - Silves - 22.10.2019.jpg|thumb|left|A Visigothic [[Capital (architecture)|capital]] found in [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]]]]

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the [[Visigoths]], a [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribe]] originally from [[Scandinavia]] but who had spread into Eastern Europe, occupied the Iberian Peninsula around the year 500. With the death of [[Amalaric]] in 531, the original dynastic shape of the Visigoths came to an end, and out of the fusion of the Roman and Germanic components a new Iberian identity came into being. The [[Visigothic Kingdom]] was thus founded in 542, with [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] as its capital. Practicing [[Arianism]] at first, a large portion of the Visigoths eventually adopted [[Catholicism]] to secure their position in the region.<ref name=CivGeVik>{{cite book |last1=Louth |first1=Patrick |title=Civilization of the Germans and Vikings |date=1978 |publisher=Editions Ferni |page=307 }}</ref> In 552, the Algarve was conquered by the [[Byzantine Empire]] and, in 571, [[Liuvigild]] managed to secure the region for the Visigothic Kingdom once again, which lasted until the year 711 (which was the starting date of the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom]]), and comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula and parts of modern France.

[[File:Cidade de Silves12.jpg|thumb|right|The city of [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]], the first capital of the Algarve and an example of the noticeable Moorish influence in the region]]
When the [[Moors]] conquered [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]] in 716, it was renamed ''Zawala'' or ''Zawaia'' (lakes or wells).<ref name="Januário et al 2011">{{cite journal |last1=Januário |first1=Pedro Miguel Gomes |last2=Neto |first2=Maria João P. |last3=Garcia |first3=Andreia |title=A City Between Visions: Perspectives on the City of Lagos (Portugal), a Glimpse Throughout Time and Memory, Its Effects on Architecture and Urban Environment |journal=1 5 t h International Planning History Society Conference |date=January 2011 |volume=1 |page=6 |url=https://www.academia.edu/22612801/A_City_between_visions_Perspectives_on_the_city_of_Lagos_Portugal_a_glimpse_throughout_Time_and_Memory_Its_effects_on_Architecture_and_Urban_Environment}}</ref> Faro, which the Christian residents had called Santa Maria, was renamed Faaron, from {{langx|ar|هَارُون|translit=hārūn}}, named after a local Muslim chieftain. Due to the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the region was called [[Gharb Al-Andalus]]: ''Gharb'' means "the west", while ''[[al-Andalus]]'' is the Arabic name for the Iberian Peninsula. As the westernmost region to be conquered by the Moors, the coveted lands of the Algarve, in this corner of Europe, became for a while the end goal of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Muslim Empire]]'s [[expansionist]] policy. With the advent of Moorish rule in the eighth century, Faro, called Ossonoba by then, retained its status as the most important town in the southwest corner of the [[Iberian Peninsula]].<ref name="CMHistoria">{{citation |url=http://www.cm-faro.pt/menu/78/faro-na-historia.aspx |title=História |location=Faro (Algarve), Portugal |language=pt |year=2015 |publisher=Câmara Municipal de Faro |editor=Câmara Municipal}}</ref> In the 9th century, after a revolt<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-03 |title=A revolta dos Muladis de Xantamarya Al-Gharb |url=https://historiasdeportugalemarrocos.com/2014/02/03/a-revolta-dos-muladis-de-xantamarya-al-gharb/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Histórias de Portugal em Marrocos |language=pt-PT}}</ref> led by [[Yahia Ben Bakr]] who was succeeded in office by his son, [[Bakr Ben Yahia]], it became the capital of a short-lived autonomous princedom and was fortified with a ring of defensive walls.<ref name=CMHistoria/> At this time, in the 10th century, the name Santa Maria began to be used instead of Ossonoba. By the 11th century, the town was known as ''Santa Maria Ibn Harun''.<ref name=CMHistoria/> During the Moorish era (9-12th century), Silves was a major stronghold, and the town prospered greatly as the capital of the region. In the mid-13th century, during the [[Reconquista]], the [[Kingdom of Portugal]] took over the region in a series of successful military campaigns against the Moors. ''Al-Gharb'' became the [[Kingdom of Algarve]], and the non-assimilated Muslim Moors who didn't flee the region would be expelled in 1496 not only in the Algarve but in all of Portugal.<ref>[[Porto Editora]] – Cristãos e Muçulmanos em Portugal na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 2022-01-01 11:56:13]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/$cristaos-e-muculmanos-em-portugal</ref> As the southernmost region to be conquered by the Portuguese, the coveted territory had become for a while the end goal of the Kingdom of Portugal's expansionist policy known as Reconquista and by itself one of the reasons behind the foundation of Portugal. There were subsequent Moorish attempts to recapture the region, without success.
[[File:EstatuaDAfonsoIIIFaro.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Statue of King [[Afonso III of Portugal]] in Faro, Algarve, Portugal]]
King [[Afonso III of Portugal]] started calling himself King of Portugal and the Algarve. The most outstanding fact of his reign was indeed the definitive [[Portuguese Conquest of Algarve|conquest of the Algarve]]. [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]] was taken from its last Muslim ruler Ibn Afan by [[Paio Peres Correia]], Grand-Master of the [[Order of Santiago]] in 1242 and [[Tavira]] was also taken in the same year after [[Alentejo]] and most of the coast of the Algarve (then part of a historical region called [[Gharb al-Andalus]] by the Muslims of Iberian Peninsula) had already fallen in 1238. In March 1249, the city of [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]] was conquered. From this date, Afonso III became the first Portuguese king to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve. The friars of Sant'Iago and Calatrava played a decisive role, and were entrusted with the task of concluding the conquest.<ref>"Crónica de como D. Paio Correia, mestre de Santiago de Castela tomou este reino do Algarve aos mouros" ([[Tavira Municipality]]) https://cm-tavira.pt/site/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Cronica_D_Paio_Peres_Correia_transcricao.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A conquista de Tavira por Paio Peres Correia |url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/a-conquista-de-tavira-por-paio-peres-correia/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=RTP Ensina |language=pt-PT}}</ref> The conquest of the Algarve led, however, to serious disagreements with the [[Kingdom of Castile]]. Peace was initially achieved with the marriage of King Afonso III to [[Beatrice of Castile (1242–1303)|Beatrice of Castile]], illegitimate daughter of King [[Alfonso X of Castile]] (after the pope had annulled the marriage to [[Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne|Matilda II]] because she was sterile), but the problem was only definitively solved by the [[Treaty of Badajoz (1267)|Treaty of Badajoz]], of 16 February 1267. By this treaty it was defined that the [[Guadiana river]], from the confluence of the Caia until the mouth, would be the Portugal-Castile border.<ref>[[Porto Editora]] – D. Afonso III na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 2022-01-01 09:48:10]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/$d.-afonso-iii</ref> 
[[File:Alternative Henry the Navigator (St. Vincent Panels).jpg|thumb|upright|Portrait of [[Henry the Navigator]] who based himself near [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]], in the Algarve, and conducted various maritime expeditions]]
After 1471, with the conquest of several territories in the [[Maghreb]] – the area considered an extension of the Algarve – [[Afonso V of Portugal]] began fashioning himself "King of Portugal and the Algarves", referring to the European and African possessions (Algarves is the plural word of Algarve and means the Algarve plus all the overseas territories that Portugal would conquer abroad further south). The over five centuries-long Moorish rule over the Algarve (and [[Alentejo]]), left their mark and added to a unique blend of architectonic,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/40478730|title=Casas e montes da Serra entre as estremas do Alentejo e do Algarve. Forma, processo e escala no estudo da arquitetura vernacular [phd – volume completo]|first=Miguel Reimão|last=Costa|journal=FAUP|date=January 2008 |via=academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Inácio |first1=Isabel |last2=Santos |first2=Constança dos |last3=Coelho |first3=Catarina |last4=Liberato |first4=Marco |last5=Gomes |first5=Ana Sofia |last6=Bugalhão |first6=Jacinta |last7=Catarino |first7=Helena |last8=Cavaco |first8=Sandra |last9=Covaneiro |first9=Jaquelina |last10=Fernandes |first10=Isabel Cristina |last11=Gómez |first11=Susana |last12=Gonçalves |first12=Maria José |title=A propósito da investigação sobre cerâmica islâmica em Portugal |trans-title=Regarding research on Islamic ceramics in Portugal |language=pt |journal=Medievalista |date=June 2015 |issue=17 |pages=01–44 |url=http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2015000100003 }}</ref> gastronomical<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/38127895|title="Sabores ao Sul do Tejo: alimentos e pratos típicos do Alentejo e do Algarve no Guia de Portugal (1927)", Revista Trilhas da História, vol. 8, n.º 15, Três Lagoas, 2018, pp. 204-220.|first=Francisco José Pegacha|last=Pardal|journal=Revista Trilhas da História |date=January 2018 |via=academia.edu}}</ref> and artistic features<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dosalgarves.com/images/dosalgarves_1.pdf |title=Images |website=dosalgarves.com |access-date=2020-11-10}}</ref> like the traditional Algarve [[corridinho]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://folclore.pt/corridinho-e-baile-mandado/|title=Corridinho e Baile Mandado no Algarve|date=11 September 2018|website=Folclore.PT}}</ref> a folk dance found in this southernmost region of Portugal. In the 15th century, Prince [[Henry the Navigator]] based himself near [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]] and conducted various maritime expeditions which established the colonies that comprised the [[Portuguese Empire]]. Also from Lagos, [[Gil Eanes]] set sail in 1434 to become the first seafarer to round [[Cape Bojador]] in West Africa. The voyages of discovery brought Lagos fame and fortune. Trade flourished and [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]] became the capital of the historical province of Algarve in 1577 and remained so until the fabled [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]].

===Modern times===
[[File:Muralha de Lagos.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Castle of Lagos|walls]] of the ancient town of [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]] which was almost completely destroyed during the 1755 earthquake]]
After the destructive effects of [[1722 Algarve earthquake|an earlier major earthquake in 1722]], the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|1755 earthquake]] damaged many areas in the Algarve and an accompanying [[tsunami]] destroyed or damaged coastal fortresses, while coastal towns and villages were heavily damaged except Faro, which was protected by the sandy banks of [[Ria Formosa]] lagoon. In Lagos, the waves reached the top of the city walls. For many Portuguese coastal regions, including the Algarve, the destructive effects of the tsunami were more disastrous than those of the earthquake itself.
Prior to the [[independence of Brazil]], "[[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves]]" (1815–1822) was an official designation for Portugal which also alluded to the Algarve. After the independence of Brazil in 1822, Portuguese monarchs continued to use the title of "King of Portugal and the Algarves" until the proclamation of the [[First Portuguese Republic]] in 1910.
[[File:Carta Archeologica do Algarve 1878.svg|thumb|right|[[Estácio da Veiga]]'s 1878 archeological map of the Algarve]]
In 1807, while [[Jean-Andoche Junot]] led the first [[Napoleon]]ic invasion in the north of Portugal, the Algarve was occupied by Spanish troops under [[Manuel Godoy]]. Beginning in 1808, and after subsequent battles in various towns and villages, the region was the first to drive out the Spanish occupiers. During the [[Portuguese Civil War]] (1828–1834), several battles took place in the region, especially the [[Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1833)|battle of Cape St. Vicente]] and the battle of Sant’Ana, between liberals and Miguelites (antiliberal absolutists). [[Remexido]] was the guerrilla Algarvian leader who stood with the Miguelite absolutists for years, until he was executed in Faro in 1838.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.algarveprimeiro.com/d/remexido/200-33|title=Remexido|work=Algarve Primeiro|access-date=2017-02-27|language=pt-PT}}</ref> As the first canned fish undertaking in the country, the [[Vila Real de Santo António]] plant of the company [[Conservas Ramirez]] (founded in 1853) became the cradle of the sector in Portugal. Vila Real de Santo António and other places in coastal Algarve thrived on the growth of the fishing industry, which included the processing of species of [[tuna]] and [[sardine]].

[[Cork (material)|Cork as a material used by people]] is a very old product. Throughout times, Portugal became the world's largest producer of cork, with the Algarve and some areas of the neighboring Portuguese region of [[Alentejo]] producing world-renowned high-quality cork (50% of the world's cork production comes from Portugal,<ref>{{cite web |title=Cortiça Portuguesa: uma das maiores riquezas da nossa agricultura |website=WOW |date=12 May 2021 |publisher=Cortiça, Museus, Porto Cidade |trans-title=Portuguese Cork: one of the greatest assets of our agriculture |url=https://wow.pt/pt/cortica-portuguesa-uma-das-maiores-riquezas-da-nossa-agricultura/ |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408080521/https://wow.pt/pt/cortica-portuguesa-uma-das-maiores-riquezas-da-nossa-agricultura/ |archive-date=2022-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Cadernos de Geografia |issue=21/23 2002–2004 |pages=269–282 |last=Custódio |first=Sandra |title=A indústria da cortiça e Santa Maria da Feira. Potenciais e fraquezas |url=https://www.uc.pt/fluc/depgeotur/publicacoes/Cadernos_Geografia/Numeros_publicados/CadGeo21_23/artigo36 |publisher=Coimbra, FLUC}}</ref> and cork is one of the country's main exports in modern times, but large-scale use of the material by the Portuguese goes back to the 14th century, when [[Portuguese discoveries|Portuguese explorers]] used cork in the construction of their ships because one of the properties of cork is that it does not rot). At one time, between the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, [[São Brás de Alportel]], in [[Sotavento Algarvio]], was the center of cork production in the Algarve, with 80 factories in operation, but gradually the industry moved to [[Centro Region, Portugal|the center]] and [[Norte Region, Portugal|northern]] regions of Portugal, and only a few cork factories remained in São Brás de Alportel municipality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indústria Corticeira |url=https://www.cm-sbras.pt/pt/5248/industria-corticeira.aspx |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.cm-sbras.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Starting in the late 19th century, [[Silves, Portugal|Silves Municipality]], in [[Barlavento Algarvio]], used to be another area with a large production of the valuable cork and that industry would prosper until the 1930s (by 2010, the cork industry had disappeared in the area but Silves had a museum<ref>{{Cite web |last=FERREIRA |first=João |title=Parliamentary question {{!}} The Silves Cork Museum {{!}} E-9412/2010 {{!}} European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2010-9412_EN.html |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> showing how cork was harvested and processed in the old days when it was a major center of that industry, a museum opened in 1999 that in 2001 won the prestigious award for Best Museum of Industry in Europe).<ref>{{Cite web |title=A cortiça |url=https://www.visitportugal.com/pt-pt/content/cortica-0 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.visitportugal.com |language=pt-pt}}</ref> The establishment of the [[First Portuguese Republic]] in 1910 marked the end of the almost nominal Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarve.

By the 1950s, as air traveling became more accessible, the [[Mediterranean Basin]] increasingly developed into a hot-spot for [[international tourism]].<ref>{{cite conference |title=Trends and evolution of tourism in the Mediterranean Basin  |author1=Fernando Almeida García |author2=Antonia Balbuena Vazquez |author3=Rafael Cortés Macias |date=August 2014 |doi=10.13140/2.1.2666.6885 |conference=International Geographical Union Regional Conference. 18–22 August 2014, Krakow, Poland |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265139658}}</ref> Regions such as the Algarve benefited economically from this trend.

[[File:EI-FOF Boeing 737-800 Ryanair Faro 13-04-2019 (47695238762).jpg|thumb|left|Opened in July 1965, [[Faro International Airport]] became a [[Airline hub|hub]] for the first time in March 2010 when [[Ryanair]] decided to base many of its aircraft there.]]
In the Algarve, from 1962 to 1966 and beyond, the mutation of tourism is visible in the new tourist accommodation developments. Hotels play a secondary role, in favor of apartment buildings, extended villas (some with golf course, many with swimming pool) and village complexes. After years of planning and construction work in progress, the [[Faro International Airport]] was inaugurated on 11 July 1965, by the President of the Republic [[Américo Tomás]]. The access road, between the [[Roads in Portugal|national road EN125]] and the newly built airport, was also opened to the public at the same time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cabrita |first=Aurélio Nuno |date=2015-07-11 |title=Airport Faro opened 50 years ago – evoking July 11, 1965 |url=http://www.sulinformacao.pt/en/2015/07/aeroporto-de-faro-foi-inaugurado-ha-50-anos-evocar-o-dia-11-de-julho-de-1965/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Sul Informação |language=en}}</ref> However, tourism services were unprepared for this rapid change. The formation of an accommodation supply outside the framework of tourism legislation and the incapacity of public regulation of the tourism supply begins and would be a reality until the 1990s. This somewhat chaotic tourism boom made the tourist industry the biggest contributor to the economy of Algarve and the largest employer in the region. Starting as a fast-paced tourism urbanization hotspot between the 1960s and 1990s, the Algarve had morphed itself into a seasonal metropolis by the 2010s.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Algarve, da Urbanização Turística à Metropolização Sazonal - 1960/2013 |url=https://run.unl.pt/handle/10362/14496 |date=November 2014 |degree=Doctoral |first=João Carlos Figueira |last=Martins |language=pt |trans-title=Algarve, from Tourist Urbanization to Seasonal Metropolization - 1960/2013}}</ref>

During the process, the Algarve has remained anyway a fairly exotic region for Portuguese citizens from other regions in mainland Portugal due to its [[Mediterranean climate]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moss |first=Stephen |date=2021-04-08 |title=Weatherwatch: why Atlantic Portugal has a 'Mediterranean climate' |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/08/weatherwatch-why-atlantic-portugal-has-a-mediterranean-climate |access-date=2023-07-11 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> unique foods,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/top-10-foods-try-algarve |title=Top 10 foods to try in the Algarve |first=Peter |last=Jenkins |website=bbcgoodfood.com |access-date=2022-05-05}}</ref> architecture<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Nina |date=2017-07-09 |title=A Tour of the Algarve's Stunning Architectural Landmarks |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/portugal/articles/a-tour-of-the-algarves-stunning-architectural-landmarks/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Culture Trip |language=en}}</ref> and geographical location – in modern times many Portuguese residing in other parts of the country traditionally spend their summer break or own a holiday home in Algarve. The state-run [[University of Algarve]] was founded in January 1979 and for the Fall 2021 semester had about 9,000 students enrolled. Its medical school opened in 2009. In 1991, the construction of the [[A22 motorway (Portugal)|A22 motorway]] (also known as ''Via Infante de Sagres'', named so after [[Henry the Navigator]]) which crosses the Algarve from west to east began and by 2003 it was fully completed. It connects [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]] in western Algarve to the [[Guadiana International Bridge]] over the Portugal-Spain [[list of international river borders#Europe|international river border]] in eastern Algarve.

==Geography==
[[File:Ria Formosa desde o céu 7.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial view of [[Ria Formosa]]]]
The Algarve is located in the southernmost area of [[continental Portugal]] and the southwesternmost area of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and [[mainland Europe]], covering an area of {{convert|4997|sqkm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=dgt/> It borders to the north with the [[Alentejo]] region ([[Alentejo Litoral]] and [[Baixo Alentejo (intermunicipal community)|Baixo Alentejo]]), to the south and west with the [[Atlantic Ocean]], and to the east the [[Guadiana River]] marks the border with [[Spain]]. The highest point is located northwest in the [[Serra de Monchique|Monchique mountains]], with a maximum altitude of {{convert|902|m|ft|abbr=on}} on [[Fóia (mountain)|Pico da Fóia]].

The western part of the Algarve is known as [[Barlavento Algarvio|Barlavento]] and the east as [[Sotavento Algarvio|Sotavento]]. The name is undoubtedly due to the prevailing wind on the south coast of the Algarve but the historical origin of these divisions is uncertain and quite remote. Barlavento and Sotavento both have eight municipalities and one main city ([[Faro, Portugal|Faro]] in Sotavento and [[Portimão]] in Barlavento). [[Cape St. Vincent]] is the most western point of the Algarve.

The region is also home to the [[Ria Formosa Lagoon]], a [[nature reserve]] of over {{convert|170|sqkm|abbr=on}} and a stopping place for hundreds of different species of birds. This system of barrier islands communicates with the sea through six inlets. The length of the south-facing coastline is roughly {{convert|155|km|abbr=on}}. Beyond the westernmost point of [[Cape St. Vincent]] it stretches a further {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} to the north. The coastline is notable for picturesque [[limestone]] caves and grottoes by the sea, particularly around [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]], [[Portimão]], [[Lagoa, Portugal|Lagoa]] and [[Albufeira]], which are accessible by [[powerboat]].

Researchers agree that the [[Lisbon metropolitan area]] and the Algarve are the two regions in mainland Portugal most at risk of experiencing [[earthquake]]s and [[tsunami]]s strong enough to cause catastrophic loss of human life and infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New study shows Algarve and Lisbon are most prone to earthquakes as 'small' tremor hits Faro |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/new-study-shows-algarve-and-lisbon-are-most-prone-to-earthquakes-as-small-tremor-hits-faro/40939 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref> Two earthquakes in the 18th century were the last time such catastrophic events occurred in the Algarve – the [[1722 Algarve earthquake]] and the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]].

===Climate===
[[File:Fire damaged cork oak tree along the Via Algarviana, Cabanas, São Brás de Alportel, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) julesvernex2.jpg |thumb|left|In the summer, droughts and very high temperature spells in the interior Algarve often result in wildfires]]

The Algarve as a whole is one of the warmest places of [[Southern Europe]], with an Atlantic influenced [[Mediterranean climate]], it has mild wet winters and warm to very hot, dry summers. It is overall the sunniest region in Europe, with annual sunshine values ranging from 2600 h in the [[Serra de Monchique|Monchique Range]], to values well above 3100 h on the southern coast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cms.cm-ourique.pt/upload_files/client_id_1/website_id_1/DOCUMENTOS/Actividade%20Municipal/GADE/Caracterizacao%20da%20Area%20Estrategica_Energias_Alternativas.pdf |title=Alternative Energy in Ourique |publisher=Ourique Municipality |access-date=2 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/worlds-sunniest-destinations/faro/ |title=The sunniest places on Earth |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Recent spatial and temporal variability and trends of sunshine duration over the Iberian Peninsula from a homogenized data set |year=2007 |publisher=Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo, Michele Brunetti, Josep Calbó, Javier Martin-Vide |doi=10.1029/2007JD008677 |doi-access=free |last1=Sanchez-Lorenzo |first1=Arturo |last2=Brunetti |first2=Michele |last3=Calbó |first3=Josep |last4=Martin-Vide |first4=Javier |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=112 |issue=D20 |bibcode=2007JGRD..11220115S }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2008JD011394 |title=Dimming/brightening over the Iberian Peninsula: Trends in sunshine duration and cloud cover and their relations with atmospheric circulation |year=2009 |publisher=Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo, Josep Calbó, Michele Brunetti, Clara Deser |doi=10.1029/2008JD011394 |last1=Sanchez-Lorenzo |first1=Arturo |last2=Calbó |first2=Josep |last3=Brunetti |first3=Michele |last4=Deser |first4=Clara |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=114 |issue=D10 |bibcode=2009JGRD..114.0D09S|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Generally, winter sees only subtle differences in daily maxima along the coast, mostly between {{convert|16|and|17|C|F}}, though temperatures as high as {{convert|25|C|F}} have been recorded. Conversely, overnight lows are higher in the west, with [[Sagres (Vila do Bispo)|Sagres]] and [[Vila do Bispo]] averaging {{convert|9|-|10|C|F}}, whilst to the east, averages are lower and {{convert|7|-|8|C|F}} is more common. Temperatures very rarely fall below freezing (< {{convert|0|C|0|abbr=on}}). On the interior, nights are usually cooler, averaging {{convert|4|-|5|C|F}}.

Summer sees its highest average temperatures in the east, where the maxima ranges from {{convert|29|-|30|C|F}} in the coast and {{convert|32|-|35|C|F}} in the interior. Daily temperatures in the [[Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park|Vicentine Coast]] are much cooler, usually {{convert|24|-|25|C|F}} maxima, consequence of the strong [[upwelling]] western Portugal experiences. The Algarvian interior can get very hot in the summer, temperatures above {{convert|40|C|F}} are not uncommon. Overnight lows are often independent on the location, around {{convert|16|-|20|C|F}} in most of the Algarve.

[[File:Barca dos corvos - São Vicente.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cape St. Vincent]], Europe's southwesternmost point, has a dry and very moderate climate (temperatures usually vary between {{convert|13|and|19|C}} throughout the year)]]
The Algarve gets between {{convert|450|and|1200|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation per year on average. December is the wettest month and July is the driest. The overall precipitation is determined mostly by the precipitation received in the winter (summers are very dry in most of the region). It has its highest values in the mountainous interior, and its lowest on the far east (in the Guadiana Valley) and the southwest ([[Sagres Point]] and [[Cape St. Vincent]]).

Sea-surface temperatures in the Algarve are generally cool, though milder than the remaining west-facing coasts of Portugal. Around the [[Sagres Point]], the [[upwelling]] phenomena further decreases surface ocean temperatures. In the winter, both western and southern coasts average sea-surface temperatures of around {{convert|15|-|16|C}}. In the summer, it rises to around {{convert|20|-|21|C}}, with their highest in September; however, southern coastal waters near the [[Gulf of Cádiz]] tend to have slightly higher temperatures on average than the western Vicentine Coast.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portugal sea temperatures |url=https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/portugal/ |website=seatemperature.org |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Portugal Sea Temperatures / Current Water Temperature in Portugal |url=http://worldseatemp.com/en/Portugal/ |website=worldseatemp.com |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]] ([[Faro Airport|FAO]])
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 21.9
|Feb record high C = 24.7
|Mar record high C = 28.9
|Apr record high C = 30.1
|May record high C = 33.6
|Jun record high C = 37.1
|Jul record high C = 44.3
|Aug record high C = 39.6
|Sep record high C = 37.4
|Oct record high C = 33.3
|Nov record high C = 28.6
|Dec record high C = 24.0
|year record high C = 44.3
|Jan high C = 16.1
|Feb high C = 16.9
|Mar high C = 19.1
|Apr high C = 20.4
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 26.4
|Jul high C = 29.2
|Aug high C = 28.8
|Sep high C = 26.6
|Oct high C = 23.2
|Nov high C = 19.6
|Dec high C = 17.0
|year high C = 22.2
|Jan mean C = 12.0
|Feb mean C = 12.8
|Mar mean C = 14.8
|Apr mean C = 16.1
|May mean C = 18.4
|Jun mean C = 21.9
|Jul mean C = 24.2
|Aug mean C = 24.1
|Sep mean C = 22.3
|Oct mean C = 19.3
|Nov mean C = 15.7
|Dec mean C = 13.3
|year mean C = 17.9
|Jan low C = 7.9
|Feb low C = 8.7
|Mar low C = 10.5
|Apr low C = 11.8
|May low C = 14.0
|Jun low C = 17.3
|Jul low C = 19.1
|Aug low C = 19.4
|Sep low C = 18.0
|Oct low C = 15.3
|Nov low C = 11.7
|Dec low C = 9.6
|year low C = 13.6
|Jan record low C = -1.2
|Feb record low C = -1.2
|Mar record low C = 2.3
|Apr record low C = 3.6
|May record low C = 6.7
|Jun record low C = 8.0
|Jul record low C = 11.9
|Aug record low C = 13.1
|Sep record low C = 9.9
|Oct record low C = 7.8
|Nov record low C = 2.7
|Dec record low C = 1.2
|year record low C = -1.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 59.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 52.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 39.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 38.6
|May precipitation mm = 21.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 4.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 1.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 3.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 23.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 60.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 90.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 114.1
|year precipitation mm = 508.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 11
|Feb precipitation days = 12
|Mar precipitation days = 8
|Apr precipitation days = 10
|May precipitation days = 7
|Jun precipitation days = 4
|Jul precipitation days = 1
|Aug precipitation days = 2
|Sep precipitation days = 4
|Oct precipitation days = 9
|Nov precipitation days = 10
|Dec precipitation days = 13
|Jan sun = 182.1
|Feb sun = 172.0
|Mar sun = 242.6
|Apr sun = 253.6
|May sun = 305.0
|Jun sun = 326.9
|Jul sun = 360.6
|Aug sun = 344.9
|Sep sun = 279.1
|Oct sun = 227.0
|Nov sun = 191.6
|Dec sun = 159.0
|Jan percentsun = 59
|Feb percentsun = 56
|Mar percentsun = 65
|Apr percentsun = 64
|May percentsun = 68
|Jun percentsun = 74
|Jul percentsun = 81
|Aug percentsun = 82
|Sep percentsun = 75
|Oct percentsun = 65
|Nov percentsun = 63
|Dec percentsun = 53
|source 1 = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Faro 1981–2010 (provisórias) |url=https://www.ipma.pt/pt/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/008/ |publisher=[[IPMA]] |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Faro 1971-1995 normals (sunshine) |url=https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_FARO.pdf |publisher=[[IPMA]] |access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref> 
}}

===Human geography===
[[File:Vista aerea de Portimao - 17.04.2023.jpg|thumb|right|A partial view of [[Portimão]], the second largest city of the Algarve]]
About 450,000 permanent inhabitants (90 residents per km<sup>2</sup>) live in the area, although this figure increases to over a million people at the height of summer, due to an influx of tourists. The Algarve has several cities, towns, and villages; the region's capital is the city of [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], while other cities include [[Albufeira]], [[Lagoa Municipality (Algarve)|Lagoa]], [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]], [[Loulé]], [[Olhão Municipality|Olhão]], [[Portimão]], [[Quarteira]], [[Silves Municipality, Portugal|Silves]], [[Tavira Municipality|Tavira]], and [[Vila Real de Santo António Municipality|Vila Real de Santo António]], in addition to various summer retreats such as [[Vilamoura]], [[Praia da Rocha]], [[Armação de Pêra]], [[Alvor (Portimão)|Alvor]], [[Monte Gordo, Algarve|Monte Gordo]], [[Alcoutim]], and [[Sagres, Portugal|Sagres]].

Before 2004, the [[Faro District]] was the administrative unit governing the Algarve. In 2004, the Greater Metropolitan Area of the Algarve was formed, which was converted into an [[Intermunicipal communities of Portugal|intermunicipal community]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amal.pt/site/index.php?module=ContentExpress&func=display&ceid=91|title=AMAL :: Comunidade Intermunicipal do Algarve|author=AMAL|work=amal.pt}}</ref> The Algarve is also a [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] II and NUTS III statistical region.<ref>[https://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=227154766&att_display=n&att_download=y Adequação dos indicadores à nova organização territorial NUTS III / Entidades Intermunicipais], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], 18 March 2015</ref> The intermunicipal community of the Algarve is subdivided into 16 municipalities:<ref name=law75>{{cite web|title=Law nr. 75/2013 |work=[[Diário da República]] |url=http://dre.pt/pdf1s/2013/09/17600/0568805724.pdf |access-date=13 August 2014 |publisher=[[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)]]|language=pt}}</ref>

Between 2001 and 2020, the Algarve was the only Portuguese region where an increase in the number of newborns was reported (4,164 babies in 2001; 4,323 babies in 2020; a rise of 3.8%). 25% of those newborns had a foreign mother. Mostly Brazilian mothers, but also a rising number of Indian, Nepalese and Pakistani mothers together with a sizable, already established former trend of Romanian, Ukrainian and Moldovan mothers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-07 |title=Um quarto dos bebés nascidos no Algarve são filhos de mãe estrangeira |url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/um-quarto-dos-bebes-nascidos-no-algarve-sao-filhos-de-mae-estrangeira-14014415.html |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>

[[File:Odeceixe66134.jpg|thumb|right|A view of [[Odeceixe]], in the northwestern Algarve]]
[[File:Algarve25.jpg|thumb|right|The interior of the Algarve consists of small villages and is sparsely inhabited.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
! Municipality !! Population (2011)<ref name=ine/>!! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=dgt/> 
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Albufeira]]|| 40,828 || 140.66
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Alcoutim]]||2,917|| 575.36
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Aljezur]]|| 5,884|| 323.50
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Castro Marim]]|| 6,747|| 300.84
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Faro, Portugal|Faro]]|| 64,560|| 202.57
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lagoa, Algarve|Lagoa]]|| 22,975|| 88.25
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]]|| 31,049|| 212.99
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Loulé]]|| 70,622|| 763.67
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Monchique]]|| 6,045|| 395.30
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Olhão]]|| 45,396|| 130.86
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Portimão]]|| 55,614|| 182.06
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[São Brás de Alportel]]|| 10,662|| 153.37
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Silves, Portugal|Silves]]|| 37,126|| 680.06
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Tavira]]|| 26,167|| 606.97
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Vila do Bispo]]|| 5,258|| 179.06
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Vila Real de Santo António]]|| 19,156|| 61.25
|-
!Total!! 451,006!! 4996.80
|}

==Economy==
[[File:Apartment buildings at Praia da Rocha, Portimão.jpg|thumb|right|A complex of apartments overlooking the beach in Praia da Rocha, [[Portimão Municipality|Portimão]]. The Algarve relies heavily on the tourism industry.
]]
The Algarve's [[human development index]] (HDI) stands at 0.847 (2019) while Portugal's HDI average is 0.864 (2019) and [[Lisbon Metropolitan Area]]'s is 0.901 (2019) – it is the 4th most developed region of Portugal out of seven regions. However, with a [[GDP per capita]] at 85.2% of the [[European Union]] average, the Algarve has the second highest purchasing power in the country, standing only behind Lisbon Metropolitan Area.<ref name="EComission" /> Agricultural products of the region include [[ficus|fig]], [[almond]], [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[Ceratonia siliqua|carob]], [[olive]], [[avocado]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-17 |title=Algarve avocado is registered as a trademark |url=https://www.expatica.com/pt/news/algarve-avocado-is-registered-as-a-trademark-99998/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Expatica Portugal |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[cork oak]]. Horticulture is important and the region's landscape is known for the large areas of land covered with [[greenhouse]]s which are used to that end. Several types of fruit<ref name="JBI GROUP"/> and veggies such as [[tomato]]es, [[cauliflower]]s, [[Arbutus unedo|strawberry]] and [[raspberry]], are commercially grown and exported. [[Fishing in Portugal|Fishing]] and [[aquaculture]] are important activities in the coastal area of the Algarve, with [[sardine]]s, [[squid]]s, [[Sole (fish)|soles]], [[cyprinids]], [[gilt-head bream]], and various seafood, including [[oysters]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Onze hectares para produzir ostras nas rias algarvias |url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/portugal/detalhe/onze-hectares-para-produzir-ostras-nas-rias-algarvias |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.cmjornal.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> and the [[grooved carpet shell]], being the major products. The Algarve's wines are also renowned. Four wines in the region have [[Protected Designation of Origin]] (''[[Denominação de Origem Controlada]]'' – DOC): [[Lagoa DOC]], Lagos DOC, [[Portimão DOC]], and [[Tavira DOC]]. [[Food processing]], including value added products (traditional, local raw agricultural products that have been modified or enhanced to have a higher market value than before) such as innovative fig, orange, almond and carob-based products,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dried Fruit Butters and Natural Dried Fruit |url=https://iamnat.pt/en/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=I'M NAT |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Products |website=Carob World |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517084035/https://www.carobworld.com/en/mediterranean-temptations/ |archive-date=2022-05-17 |url=https://www.carobworld.com/en/mediterranean-temptations/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The First of its Kind |url=https://grandcarob.com/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Grand Carob |language=en-US}}</ref> cement ([[CIMPOR]] has a major cement plant in Loulé<ref>{{cite web |title=Centro de Produção de Loulé |website=Loulé |publisher=Cimpor |url=https://www.cimpor.com/loule}}</ref>) and construction are the main industries. [[Cork (material)|Cork]], having an historical industrial tradition in [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]] and [[São Brás de Alportel]] [[concelho|municipalities]] since the 19th century but in decline by the 1930s, is still used as a material for the production of several items by newer industries that make products ranging from [[cork stopper]]s to [[fashionware]]. Pelcor, headquartered in São Brás de Alportel, is the first luxury brand of fashion and lifestyle accessories in cork skin combining design, innovation and sustainability.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-31 |title=História da Pelcor |url=https://www.publico.pt/2010/01/31/jornal/historia-da-pelcor-18702182 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref>
[[File:2017-08-20 Outside the Arrivals hall at the terminal, Faro airport (2).JPG|thumb|right|[[Faro International Airport]].]]
[[File:AlgarveShopping 1 - Guia, Algarve - Portugal - 09-09-2024.jpg|thumb|right|Algarve Shopping, a shopping center located in [[Guia (Albufeira)|Guia]], Albufeira.]]
Tourism-related activities are extensive and make up the bulk of the Algarve's economy during summer. The Algarve's economy has always been closely linked to the sea. Fishing and fish processing have been an important activity since ancient times. This is attested by archeological evidence of [[garum]] production in Algarve during the [[Roman Empire|Roman era]]. The oldest [[fish canning]] factory of Portugal was that of [[Conservas Ramirez]] established by Sebastian Ramirez in [[Vila Real de Santo António]], Eastern Algarve in 1853,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-09 |title=Empresa |publisher=Ramirez - Conservas |url=https://ramirez.pt/empresa/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=ramirez.pt |language=pt-pt}}</ref> but the long-established fish canning industry entered in decline in the region due to a scarcity of [[tuna]] and [[Sardines as food|sardines]] in Algarve's waters because they were the main raw materials used by the industry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-21 |title=Ramirez: "Estamos muito orgulhosos da Ramirez 1853 porque é uma unidade extraordinária a nível mundial, com condições únicas…" |url=https://www.sisab.pt/noticias/ramirez-estamos-muito-orgulhosos-da-ramirez-1853-porque-e-uma-unidade-extraordinaria-a-nivel-mundial-com-condicoes-unicas/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Sisab |language=pt-pt}}</ref> Similarly to what happened to the declining Algarvean cork industry in the 1930s, many companies folded and others moved to [[North Region, Portugal|Northern Portugal]] in the process. However, successful fish canning industry persists with a number of factories like those of Conserveira do Sul and others. Coincidentally, with this decline in fish canning in the region, since the 1960s the Algarve has embraced tourism which has become its most important economic activity. [[Faro International Airport]] located 4&nbsp;km from downtown Faro, the administrative center of the region of the Algarve in Portugal, was constructed during the 1960s and inaugurated in 1965. In 2019, the airport reached a record-breaking 9 million passengers handled a year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-03 |title=Faro Airport welcomes record-breaking 9 million passengers in 2019 |url=https://algarvedailynews.com/news/17497-faro-airport-welcomes-record-breaking-9-million-passengers-in-2019 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=algarvedailynews.com |language=en-gb}}</ref>
 
With the increase in life quality and purchasing power of the Algarve's population, many shopping malls have been constructed since the 1990s and 2000s. An [[Ikea]], the first in the Algarve, opened in [[Loulé]], at the time one of the only five in Portugal. In 2017, the Algarve was the Portuguese region that experienced the biggest economic growth, an increase of 4.6% of its GDP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Contributo do Algarve para o PIB Nacional pode chegar aos 4,6% em 2017 |url=http://www.sulinformacao.pt/2017/12/contributo-do-algarve-para-o-pib-nacional-pode-chegar-aos-46-em-2017/|access-date=26 February 2018|publisher=Sul Informação}}</ref>

With potential for [[Solar energy|solar power generation]], the Algarve is becoming an international hotspot for large solar farming projects. The largest such project in Portugal and one of the largest unsubsidised solar power plants in Europe at the time, was inaugurated in [[Alcoutim]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bruxo |first=Michael |date=2021-10-11 |title=Portugal's largest solar power plant inaugurated in Alcoutim |url=https://www.portugalresident.com/portugals-largest-solar-power-plant-inaugurated-in-alcoutim/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Portugal Resident |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The first airport solar power plant in Faro, Portugal (15/07/2021) |url=https://www.vinci.com/vinci.nsf/en/news-update/pages/the_first_airport_solar_power_plant_in_faro_portugal_portugal_072021.htm |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=VINCI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodrigues |first=Elisabete |date=2020-10-23 |title=18 milhões de euros fazem nascer Central Fotovoltaica de Paderne na zona do Escarpão |url=https://www.sulinformacao.pt/2020/10/18-milhoes-de-euros-fazem-nascer-central-fotovoltaica-de-paderne-na-zona-do-escarpao/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Sul Informação |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New 24,000 panel solar park for the Algarve |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-03-31/new-24000-panel-solar-park-for-the-algarve/66139 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

Due to its all-year mild weather, beaches, cities, sites, landscapes and accommodation, as well as its [[Public security|public safety]] record and [[Cost-effectiveness analysis|cost-effective]] prices, the region became in the 21st century one of the most attractive areas for filming, chosen by both low budget [[Independent film|Indie film]] productions and large players in the [[film industry]] from Portugal and abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Production Algarve and the Algarve's film industry |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2021-06-04/production-algarve-and-the-algarves-film-industry/60209 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopes |first=Ricardo |date=2022-08-03 |title=Algarve prepara-se para receber produções audiovisuais {{!}} |url=https://www.centralcomics.com/algarve-prepara-se-para-receber-producoes-audiovisuais/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |language=pt-PT}}</ref>

===Development===
[[File:Ria formosa faro.jpg|thumb|left|A panoramic view of [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], the capital of the Algarve]]
The Algarve has been experiencing a strong development since the beginning of the 1960s, initially due to the need to accommodate its foreign visitors. The region started the construction of an airport in the early 1960s, followed by better infrastructure of other types, mainly roads, sanitation, power grids, telecommunications, hospitals, and housing. Private investors, with the support of the region's municipalities, also began the construction of a variety of hotels, resorts, golf courses (which are considered to be some of the best in Europe), and villas.

[[File:14-06-2017 A22 motorway, Paderne, Albufeira (1).JPG|thumb|right|[[A22 motorway (Portugal)|A22 motorway]] near [[Albufeira]], Algarve, Portugal]]

All this led to a large [[Economic development|development]] in the region, especially for the locals, who had previously lived in harsher circumstances. Today, the Algarve is amongst the regions in Portugal with the best [[quality of life]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=This European Country Has Just Been Voted Best for Quality of Life |first=Nina|last=Santos|website=Culture Trip |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/portugal/articles/this-eu-country-has-just-been-voted-best-for-quality-of-life/ |date=12 September 2017}}</ref> Due to [[2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis|the austerity measures introduced in 2011]], tolls were placed on the main motorway that crosses the region ([[A22 motorway (Portugal)|the A22 motorway which is also officially known as "Via do lnfante"]]) to offset the expense of its maintenance. The [[University of Algarve]], a state-run university founded in 1979, has been an important source of innovation and entrepreneurship for the whole region and plays a role as a major driving force of economic growth and development in the Algarve.

===Tourism and attractiveness for expats===
[[File:Benagil Cave seen by above.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The Benagil Cave (or Algar) and [[Praia da Marinha|Marinha Beach]], near [[Lagoa, Portugal|Lagoa]], have become two of the most visited tourist attractions in the entire Algarve region]]
In the 1960s, the Algarve became a popular destination for tourists, mainly from the [[United Kingdom]] which still is the origin of the largest group of foreigners in the Algarve. It has since become a common destination for people from [[Spain]], [[France]], [[Germany]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Belgium]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], and the [[United States|US]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourists to the Algarve, Portugal by country 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1155164/number-of-tourists-to-the-algarve-in-portugal-by-country/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> not only as tourists who visit the Algarve but also as residing expats who settle in the region and buy property there. The Algarve's mild climate and hours of sunshine per year have attracted interest from Portuguese and other European people wishing to have a [[holiday home]] or residence in the region. Being a region of Portugal, and therefore in the [[European Union]], any [[EU citizen]] has the right to freely buy property and reside with little formality in the Algarve.<ref>"On the Rights of Citizens of the Union&nbsp;...", EC Directive 2004/58 EC, retrieved 25 May 2007.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:229:0035:0048:EN:PDF]</ref> Algarve-based [[publication]]s and newspapers are written in English specifically for this community. 
[[File:Albufeira, Shopping arcade, Cerro Grande. 19 October 2016.JPG|thumb|left|The Saffron Indian restaurant in the shopping arcade located in the neighborhood of Cerro Grande, [[Albufeira, Portugal|Albufeira]], Algarve, Portugal]]
The Brazilian community in the Algarve is the second largest expat community in the region after the British, followed by important numbers of Ukrainian, Romanian, Moldovan, Indian, Nepalese, Sinhalese, Bangladeshi<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmmed |first=Md Russell |date=2021-07-04 |title=A day out with Bangladeshi agricultural workers in south Portugal |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/nrb/away-home/expat-life/news/day-out-bangladeshi-agricultural-workers-south-portugal-2123171 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> and Pakistani people who arrived there to work in [[retail]], [[hospitality industry]], [[construction]], [[agriculture]] and [[manufacturing]]. In the late 2010s, the Algarve saw a high increase in Canadian, American and Australian tourists too. In the Algarve, the expatriate population from [[high income economies]] include a large number of [[pensioners]], namely from countries like the UK, Ireland, Germany, France, Netherlands, Sweden and the US. Portuguese people from other parts of the country also visit the region in large numbers, especially in the peak of the summer (July and August) and a sizable number of Portuguese citizens residing in other Portuguese regions, including retired people, own a holiday home in the Algarve. Several international studies have concluded that the Algarve is among the world's best places to retire.<ref name="theportugalnews.com"/>
[[File:Monte Gordo vista Oeste.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Aerial view of [[Monte Gordo, Portugal|Monte Gordo]], in the Algarve, Portugal]]
Tourist attractions in the region include its beaches, [[Climate of Portugal|Mediterranean climate]], [[Crime in Portugal|safety]], [[Portuguese cuisine|cuisine]], and relatively low prices. The Algarve region has garnered international acclaim, winning the World's Leading Beach Destination title twice, in 2020 and 2021, and being named Europe's Leading Beach Destination nine times between 2012 and 2022, as recognized by the World Travel Awards™.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Algarve: Award-Winning Beach Destination |url=https://www.elyseeum.com/detail/algarveaward-winningbeachdestination/51908 |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=www.elyseeum.com |language=en}}</ref> Well-known beaches in the Algarve include [[Praia da Luz]], [[Praia da Rocha]], [[Praia da Marinha|Marinha Beach]], [[Armação de Pêra]], [[Praia dos Pescadores (Albufeira)|Praia dos Pescadores]], [[Quarteira]], [[Vale do Lobo]], [[Fuzeta]], [[Barril Beach]], [[Manta Rota]] and [[Monte Gordo (Vila Real de Santo António)|Monte Gordo]]. A well-known [[spa town]] is [[Caldas de Monchique]]. In addition to its natural features and beaches, the Algarve has invested in the creation of a network of golf courses.
The Algarve is also popular for religious tourism, notably pilgrimages to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Piety (best known as the Sovereign Mother), a Marian shrine dedicated to the patron saint of [[Loulé]], that attract thousands of pilgrims of the Catholic faith to the city, or minor pilgrimages of faithful Catholics to the site of putative apparitions of Our Lady Mother of Goodness which had supposedly occurred in 1999 near the village of [[São Marcos da Serra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barbedo |first=Rute |date=2018-08-25 |title=A virgem do IC1 |url=https://www.publico.pt/2018/08/25/fugas/noticia/sao-marcos-da-serra-a-virgem-do-ic1-1841714 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref>
[[File:Golfe22.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The Algarve features some of [[PGA European Tour|Europe's top golf courses]].]]
Tourism plays an important role in the economy of the Algarve. A large number of seasonal job opportunities are tourism-related and are fulfilled by thousands of locals and immigrants. Due to its seasonal nature, most of the economy relies on the good weather available mostly for only about 5–6 months (characterized by a prolonged lack of rain and temperatures above 25&nbsp;°C throughout the day), meaning that many Algarvians go unemployed during the low season. Nonetheless, due to the very high monetary income that the high season brings, most people in the Algarve are still able to have comfortable lives even while unemployed. Delivery of superior touristic services and products in a convenient and engaging way, also known as luxury tourism, is also found in several areas across the Algarve. The [[Golden Triangle (Algarve)|Golden Triangle]], a first among such affluent areas, is located outside of Faro, capital of the Algarve, being known for its [[luxury resort]]s and [[Michelin star]] restaurants. According to World Travel Awards, the Algarve was Europe's leading golf destination in 2013 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldtravelawards.com/award-europes-leading-golf-destination-2013 |title=Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2013 – World Travel Awards |publisher=Worldtravelawards.com |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/algarve-elected-europes-best-golf-destination-of-2014/29987 |title=Algarve elected Europe's best Golf Destination of 2014 |publisher=The Portugal News |date=21 November 2013 |access-date=31 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201212952/http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/algarve-elected-europes-best-golf-destination-of-2014/29987 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Over 25 top-class courses are located in Algarve, most of which were designed by legendary names such as Nick Faldo, Seve Ballesteros, Jack Nicklaus, and Christy O'Connor, Jr. In 2018, the region's income from tourism was over a billion euros; the number of visitors totaled 4.2 million. Tourism contributed €1.08 billion to the economy in that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://algarvedailynews.com/news/16144-algarve-tourism-figures-now-in-for-2018 |title=Algarve tourism figures now in for 2018 |date=14 February 2019 |publisher=Algarve Daily News|access-date=25 November 2019 }}</ref>

====Accommodation====
[[File:Dom-Pedro-Marina-Vilamoura-Algarve-Portugal.jpg|thumb|right|A view of [[Vilamoura]], its marina and hotels]]
Accommodation in the Algarve ranges from high-rise resorts in places such as Albufeira, Vilamoura, Praia da Rocha and Armação de Pêra to apartment rental, [[bed and breakfast]], hostels and traditional guesthouses located in small towns and villages, both inland and alongside the Algarve coast. Over the years, tourists with less acquisitive power started to visit the Algarve in large numbers and steering away from expensive resorts, opting instead for more affordable touristic establishments such as [[vacation rental]]s, [[guesthouse]]s, and [[hostel]]s. Besides affordability, a higher flexibility in rules and conditions, good overall location, as well as a greater hospitality and interaction with guests, are often cited as some of the appealing factors of these accommodations. Throughout the Algarve, local accommodation, as its colloquially known, employs over 20 thousand people in more than 32 thousand legal establishments and generates an estimated 980 million Euros yearly. The vast majority of tourists who seek this type of accommodation are British, Portuguese and French, but an exponential increase in tourists from Germany, Spain, the [[Benelux]] and Brazil has also been seen.<ref>{{cite news |author1=FERREIRA, Daniela Soares |author2=PINTO, Sónia Peres |title=Alojamento local. Só no Algarve há mais de 32 mil unidades que geram 980 milhões por ano |url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/artigo/679836/alojamento-local-so-no-algarve-ha-mais-de-32-mil-unidades-que-geram-980-milhoes-por-ano-?seccao=Dinheiro |access-date=29 April 2020 |agency=Sapo |date=11 December 2019 |language=pt}}</ref>

[[Camping]], motorhoming and caravaning are also options for travelers and tourists in general across the Algarve. Both free and paid motorhome areas, suitable car parks and camping parks can be found around the entire region to this end. However, the Portuguese police forces may regularly patrol the areas where these activities are forbidden and can fine transgressors.

====Criticism====
[[File:Costa de Oiro - Lagos.png|thumb|left|Postcard of the early 20th century with a photograph of the Costa de Oiro (Golden Coast) near the city of [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]], Algarve, in southern Portugal

In the center is the Dona Ana Beach, and the building on the left is the Convento da Trindade (Trinitarian Convent).]]
Although [[international tourism]] and a generally high receptivity to [[globalism]], [[economic globalization]] and [[foreign direct investment]] have brought a relatively high level of prosperity and development to the region, many personalities criticize the environmental impacts,<ref>{{cite news |title=Algarve anti-oil fight documentary screened in 22 theatres |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/algarve-anti-oil-fight-documentary-screened-in-22-theatres/51439 |access-date=23 April 2020 |agency=The Portugal News |date=2 November 2019}}</ref> the high cost of living and the eradication of the Algarve's cultural and traditional characteristics that such outside influence has brought.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lemos |first1=Pedro |title=O betão ainda é quem mais ordena, dentro de ti, ó Algarve |url=https://www.sulinformacao.pt/2019/09/o-betao-ainda-e-quem-mais-ordena-dentro-de-ti-o-algarve/ |access-date=23 April 2020 |agency=Sul Informação |date=26 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Revez |first1=Idálio |title=Demolida uma das três últimas moradias emblemáticas da praia da Rocha |url=https://www.publico.pt/2019/11/06/local/noticia/demolido-tres-ultimas-moradias-praia-rocha-1892787 |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=6 November 2019 |agency=Público}}</ref> Algarve native Fernando Silva Grade (1955–2019), a nationally renowned [[plastic artist]] and activist with a [[licentiate degree]] in biology awarded by the [[University of Lisbon]] in 1983,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lusa |date=2019-09-10 |title=Artista plástico Fernando Silva Grade morre aos 64 anos |url=https://www.publico.pt/2019/09/10/local/noticia/artista-plastico-fernando-grade-morre-64-anos-1886107 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref> in his 2014 book ''O Algarve Tal como o Destruímos'' (loose translation: The Algarve as we destroyed it), vehemently opposed the proliferation of the mass tourism and construction sectors, which, in his opinion, eroded large portions of a world unique coastline, degraded and destroyed Algarve's traditional architecture, along with the peaceful and [[slow-paced way of life]] that were once ubiquitous throughout the region. He further went on to criticize the inapt attitudes of politicians and city halls which continuously fail to preserve this legacy.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Grade, Fernando Silva|title=O Algarve tal como o destruímos |date=October 2014 |publisher=Escritório Editora |isbn=9789898507426 |edition=Second |pages=295|language=pt}}</ref>
[[File:Scots Fans on the strip Gibraltar V Scotland 11 October 2015 (3).JPG|thumb|right|Scotland fans dancing on Francisco Sá Carneiro Avenue (The Strip) in [[Albufeira]] after the Gibraltar vs. Scotland [[UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying Group D#Gibraltar v Scotland|UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying game]] played at [[Estádio Algarve]]]]
Other critics underline the over-dependency of the Algarve on tourism<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-23 |title=Portugal must diversify tourism-dependent economy after pandemic, government official says |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-portugal-tourism-idUSKBN2831TC |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> and the "sun and beach" modality of tourism in particular, the one mostly advertised by local and national authorities and, thus, most widespread. They accentuate the saturation of beach-side resorts that leave other types of tourist establishments, such as the ones dedicated to nature and health, with little occupancy. These critics also stress that overcrowdedness, filthiness and pollution are the consequences of this lack of diversity in the Algarve's tourism industry.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guerreiro |first1=J. André |title=O turismo enquanto pseudo-ciência: o turismo cria, mas também destrói |url=https://www.barlavento.pt/opiniao/o-turismo-enquanto-pseudo-ciencia-o-turismo-cria-mas-tambem-destroi |access-date=23 April 2020 |agency=Barlavento}}</ref> In addition, due to international mass tourism, some areas of the Algarve are drug dealing and prostitution hotspots, including [[luxury prostitution]] and male prostitution, performed mostly by foreign [[sex worker]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Informação |first=Sul |date=2019-08-19 |title=Três detidos por tráfico de droga e negócio de prostituição em bar |url=https://www.sulinformacao.pt/2019/08/tres-detidos-por-trafico-de-droga-e-negocio-de-prostituicao-em-bar/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Sul Informação |language=pt-PT}}</ref>

The England-inspired, England-reliant tourist product of the Algarve since the 1960s is a source of criticism in Portugal to the point that the Algarve region has been compared to a [[colony]] of the English. Portuguese tourists perceive their status as tourists in the Portuguese region of Algarve as being constantly challenged by the extreme [[Anglophilia]] of the Algarvian people and its tourist offer.<ref>DUIU SPIQUE INGUELIS? https://labor.pt/home/2021/06/09/a-minha-coluna-39/</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:PTSLV.png|thumb|right|[[Silves, Portugal|Silves Municipality]] coat of arms: [[Arab]] and [[Berbers|Berber]] influences due to Islamic occupation of the territory of the Algarve between the 8th and the 13th centuries are seen in language, architecture, food, faces and even the Algarvean municipalities' coats of arms.]]
The region of the Algarve has a rich [[ethnographic]] heritage, with centuries-old customs, traditions and historical heritage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sherwood |first=Seth |date=2013-07-19 |title=The Other Algarve |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/21/travel/the-other-algarve.html |access-date=2023-07-11 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Culture and Tradition |url=https://www.visitalgarve.pt/en/menu/117/culture-and-tradition.aspx |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.visitalgarve.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> The Algarve is a cultural and historical point of interest all year round, but at particular times, such as [[Easter]], [[Christmas]], or even Spring, together with its gastronomic delicacies, the Algarve region has an old, multifaceted legacy that also shaped its regional [[cultural identity]] within Portugal. The Algarve is a place that gathers many settlements, from prehistoric times, to Phoenician, Roman, Visigothic, Arab and Christian [[Reconquista]] times, there are several testimonies that left a little piece of themselves, to form the Algarve of today.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-23 |title=Algarve {{!}} Location, History, Economy, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Algarve |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Since the menhirs and megalithic monuments like the [[Megalithic Monuments of Alcalar]] and the [[Menhirs of Lavajo]] that prove the presence of the first humans of its history, also the Romans left the testimonies of their presence and culture. The [[Roman Ruins of Milreu]] in [[Estói]], the [[Roman ruins of Cerro da Vila]] in [[Vilamoura]] or the [[Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada]] in [[Mexilhoeira Grande]], are good examples of Roman vestiges in the Algarve, being some of them equipped with a dedicated [[interpretive center]] to tell their story. [[Gharb al-Andalus|The Islamic occupation period]] from which a great heritage remains, present in various aspects of the Algarve culture beginning with the name of the region since the word "Algarve" goes back to the Arabic word "al-Gharb" meaning West (from {{Langx|ar|الغرب|translit=al-gharb|lit=the west}}), including castles and fortresses, vestiges of a unique [[ribat]], the [[Ribat of Arrifana]], as well as [[alcaria]]s, and some [[Church (building)|church]]es that were adapted from ancient [[mosque]]s, in addition to strong influences in popular architecture, also left its mark. [[Vila Real de Santo António]], to the far east of the region, near Spain, is the best Algarve example of the strong legacy that the [[Marquis of Pombal]] left in Portuguese urban planning after [[1755 Lisbon Earthquake|the great earthquake of 1755]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=AiCEi Vila Real Santo António |url=http://aicei.org/en/menu/68/vila-real-de-santo-antonio.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010114911/http://aicei.org/en/menu/68/vila-real-de-santo-antonio.aspx |url-status=usurped |archive-date=10 October 2021 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=aicei.org}}</ref>
[[File:Castelo de Loule - 22.06.2021.jpg|thumb|right|A view of the [[Castle of Loulé]]]]
The Algarve dialect is a dialect of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] spoken in the Algarve. It is closely related to [[Alentejan Portuguese]] and expresses the region's peculiar way of life, its traditional sayings, as well as its well-known and highly colorful curses, idioms, proverbs, and expressions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=60 expressões que só um algarvio entende |work=NCultura Notícias – Cultura, História, Viagens, Sociedade, Gastronomia |url=https://ncultura.pt/60-expressoes-que-so-um-algarvio-entende/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |language=pt-PT}}</ref> It bears the influences of [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[archaic Portuguese]] and the southern variant of [[Castillian language|Castillian]]. Until the end of the 20th century it was ubiquitous but afterwards it became less common among younger generations who live near the coastal strip and the main urban centers. In any case, a majority of people in some places of the Algarve besides the sparsely populated, ageing hilly interior, like areas of [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]], [[Portimão]], [[Albufeira]], [[Loulé]], [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], [[Olhão]], [[Tavira]] and [[Vila Real de Santo António]] coastal municipalities, still speak the dialect employing its characteristic, strong accent on a daily basis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernandes |first=Maria Alice |date=2008-01-21 |title=O dialeto algarvio. Abordagem histórica. |journal=Campo Arqueológico de Tavira |url=https://www.academia.edu/15294393}}</ref>

{{multiple image
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   | header    = Architecture in the Algarve
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   | image1    = Cacela Velha Houses.jpg
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   | caption1  = Traditional Algarve houses
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   | caption2  = Ornate chimneys and platibandas are unique in their designs and first appeared in the 18th century
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The most striking symbol of the traditional Algarve architecture is undoubtedly the chimney, which reflected the individuality of the owner of the house and showed off his possessions. No two chimneys were alike, and the more intricate the design, the more expensive the work. Examples of these symbols of popular art and technical skill can be seen in the Algarve's rural hinterland, in the most affluent dwellings. The ''platibanda'' (platband) is another characteristic feature of the Algarve's architectural heritage. It is an elegant decorative strip that lines the facades and hides the roof or cladding, ornamented with geometric shapes and colors. It contrasts with the white of the whitewash and matches the colored bars that frame doors and windows. The four-sloped, or scissor truss are typical of aristocratic cities, and denote a strong Eastern aesthetic influence, which traveled along with silks and spices. 
[[File:Tavira Street 01.jpg|thumb|right|upright|A central street in [[Tavira, Portugal]]]]
They are associated with [[Tavira]], the princess of the Gilão, a well-preserved architectural gem and once a port of great strategic importance. They also exist in [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], but their presence is residual today. In the western Algarve the winds blow from the Atlantic coast and, in its interior, there is the mountain climate. Here the houses are generally simpler, less sophisticated, built in masonry of mud or stone, and unadorned, only whitewashed. These simple rural houses are also found, in their charming simplicity, in the Caldeirão mountain range. On the coast, it is frequent the construction of açoteias, roof terraces of Arabic inspiration that were used to watch the sea, waiting for the boats returning from their fishing trips. It was also in these private spaces that fruit and fish were dried, and that people rested on hot summer nights. [[Olhão]] is the ex-libris of this architecture of pure and clean lines, deserving the nickname of cubist city, with its buildings clustered in cubes in a sinuous plan, direct influence of the [[architecture of Morocco]].<ref>Ricardo Agarez, Algarve Building: Modernism, Regionalism and Architecture in the South of Portugal, 1925–1965 (ISBN 1317182626, 9781317182627)</ref>

[[Corridinho]] is the traditional dance of the Algarve bearing some resemblance to the [[polka]] and [[mazurka]]. The corridinho is a form of Portuguese folk dance whose the origin is unclear and believed older, although it gained popularity in the 1800s.<ref>Porto Editora – corridinho no Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 2021-10-10 12:21:56]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/corridinho</ref> 
[[File:Pottery shop, Rua 25 de Abril, Lagos, 14 April 2016.JPG|thumb|right|Algarve ceramic and pottery shop in [[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]]]]
The Algarve is also famous for its pottery and ceramics, particularly hand-painted pottery and ''[[azulejo]]s'', which are painted, [[Tin-glazing|tin-glazed]] ceramic [[tile]]s. Numerous ceramics and pottery outlets are open throughout the Algarve, including a number of potteries established by foreign artists interested in the old tradition of Algarve pottery. For working potteries and ceramics workshops, the main (or best-known) pottery centers are located in [[Almancil]], [[Loulé]], [[Porches (Lagoa)|Porches]] and [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]], but many other Algarve ceramic and pottery workshops and shops are found across the entire Algarve region.<ref>Olaria Pequena (The Little Pottery) is a ceramics studio and shop, in the Algarve region of Portugal. (Olaria Pequena) https://www.olariapequena.com/new-page</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR STORY |url=https://www.porchespottery.com/en/about-us |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.porchespottery.com}}</ref> Other representative [[handicraft]] activities of the Algarve are the "empreita", a braid of fine palm leaf rolled up in the most diverse shapes, and the basketry, resulting from the technique of weaving the cane and the wicker, with such perfection that makes the Algarve basketry famous in the Portuguese south.
[[File:Doces do Algarve IMG 8560 2.JPG|thumb|left|Typical sweets of the Algarve: ''Dom Rodrigos'' (presented in colorful aluminum foil wrapping), ''doces de amêndoa'' ([[marzipan]] sweets) and fig paste sweets (the two dark brown sweets on the plate)]]
The Algarve gastronomy dates back to the historical times of the Roman and Arabic presence, constituting, along with the climate of the region, one of the main points of tourist interest. The ingredients used reflect the fresh flavors of the sea and the pleasant and strong aromas of the countryside. From the "arroz de lingueirão" rice with [[razor clam]]s from Faro, the grilled sardines from Portimão to the sweets "Dom Rodrigos" from Lagos, there are dishes and delicacies for all tastes. The town of Monchique stands out in this chapter because it is known for its pork production, proof of which are the well-known sausages made with pork meat (sausage, [[morcela]] black pudding, farinheira and [[chouriço]]) and [[presunto]] hams, exhibited annually at the Feira dos Enchidos and Feira do Presunto, respectively. The typical ''[[aguardente de medronho]]'' (arbutus berry brandy) produced in this region both artisanally and industrially, is also a very well known fruit brandy in the region. The liqueurs made with regional products are also sought after. Those include [[ginjinha]] (sour cherry liqueur) and [[Bitter almond liqueur|amêndoa amarga]] (bitter almond liqueur).
[[File:Seafood Cataplana at World Heritage Cuisine Summit & Food Festival 2018 (Day 2) - 20.jpg|thumb|right|[[Seafood Cataplana]] at [[World Heritage Cuisine Summit & Food Festival 2018]]: The cataplana is a Portuguese method of cooking, an item of cookware used for cooking a wide variety of ingredients, and a typical dish from the Algarve.]]
Old fig and [[almond]]-based sweets and desserts as well as newer [[carob]]-based products; a plethora of fish and seafood dishes near the coast; and pork and chicken dishes from inland Algarve, are among the most typical elements of its regional cuisine. [[Cataplana]]; [[frango de churrasco]] like that known as ''frango de churrasco à la [[Guia, Albufeira|Guia]]''; [[caldeirada]]; Portuguese [[Tuna#Food|tuna steak]] 'Algarve style'; a variety of [[seafood]] dishes which may contain various shellfish like clams, mussels, crab and shrimp; [[grilled sardines]]; [[Squid as food|Algarve style stuffed and fried squid]]; [[marzipan]]; and [[xarém]] are some of the typical regional culinary specialties in the Algarve.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BNP - Algarve cuisine |url=https://bibliografia.bnportugal.gov.pt/bnp/bnp.exe/registo?2054614 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=bibliografia.bnportugal.gov.pt}}</ref> [[Carne de porco à alentejana]], which is named after the neighboring region of Alentejo, is speculated by some to have its roots in the Algarve region because the clams are much more popular as food in seaside cities, towns and villages like those of the Algarve rather than in places far from the ocean. It may be an example of [[fusion cuisine]] between pork dishes of inner Alentejo where [[pig farming]] is extensive and seafood dishes of coastal Algarve where [[shellfish]] abound.<ref>{{cite web |title=História e origem da Carne de Porco à Alentejana |date=30 March 2019 |url=https://www.clubevinhosportugueses.pt/turismo/historia-e-origem-da-carne-de-porco-a-alentejana/ |publisher=clubevinhosportugueses.pt |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref>

Although Loulé hosts the largest [[Carnival#Portugal|carnival]] in the Algarve, every town and village in the Algarve has its own party. It usually starts with a children's parade through the streets on the first day, where the little ones march, walk or dance in dresses and masks. People gather in the streets to cheer on the children. In most villages there are dances every night in the village halls. The dancing starts early and ends late, with no breaks in the local carnival music that entertains people of all ages. Cities and towns also organize street parties, with local dancers, some as young as 6 years old, dressed up in their national costumes, entertaining everyone with their traditional instruments and complicated dance steps. Others organize parades with music, fanfares, floats, and local groups dressed up in all kinds of costumes – from the simplest to the most elaborate. Everyone joins in clapping and stamping their feet, always celebrating and cheering. Candy and streamers are thrown towards the crowd that stretches along the streets, reminding them that this is a time for feasting and celebration

[[File:O Torneio Medieval da Feira Medieval de Silves.JPG|thumb|left|The [[medieval fair]] of [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]] occurs every year in August and attracts an average of more than 100 thousand visitors]]In the western Algarve, the [[Barlavento Algarvio|Barlavento]], in Odiáxere, there are 5 days of entertainment, parades and music. Lagos and Sagres also offer plenty of entertainment during the festivities. In the Central and Eastern Algarve, the [[Sotavento Algarvio|Sotavento]] – besides the big event in Loulé – Quarteira, São Brás, Olhão, Moncarapacho, Tavira and Vila Real de Santo António all organize festivals and corsos in their own way, smaller in size but equally lively and joyful. Although the festivities in the Algarve are now heavily based on the [[samba]] style of [[Brazilian Carnival]], the old tradition of playing pranks is still present. Stylishly dressed student girls tour shopping malls, bars, cafes and the streets, singing their satirical songs about the government, politicians and world events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Geographic Portugal - Site Oficial - Ciência, natureza, história e viagens |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.pt/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.nationalgeographic.pt |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Loulé celebrates the oldest Carnival in Portugal |url=https://www.ombria.com/en/media/loule-celebrates-oldest-carnival-portugal/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Ombria |language=en}}</ref>

Every year in August the city of Silves organizes a medieval fair which incorporates [[Gharb al-Andalus|Muslim Algarve]] and [[Reconquista]] themes, celebrating the region's conjoint Muslim and Christian cultural heritage. The fair attracts an average of 100 - 150 thousand visitors during its 10-day run, and it is Algarve's most visited medieval fair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Medieval Fair returns to Silves |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2023-07-27/the-medieval-fair-returns-to-silves/79862 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=The Portugal News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Feira Medieval de Silves transportou 154 mil pessoas para o passado |url=https://jornaldoalgarve.pt/feira-medieval-de-silves-transportou-154-mil-pessoas-para-o-passado/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Jornal do Algarve |date=5 September 2017 |language=pt}}</ref>

==Fauna and flora==
[[File:Cão de agua Português 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Portuguese Water Dog]]s are native to the Algarve; they were the fisherman's main companion and often accompanied sailors during the [[Portuguese discoveries]].]]
The coastal seafaring people of the Algarve bred the [[Portuguese Water Dog]]. From there the breed expanded to all around Portugal's coast, where they were taught to herd fish into fishermen's nets, retrieve lost tackle or broken nets, and act as couriers from ship to ship, or ship to shore. This dog breed is now a distinctive dog breed of both Portugal and the Algarve region in particular.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portuguese Water Dog – Clube Português de Canicultura |url=https://www.cpc.pt/en/breeds/portuguese-breeds/portuguese-water-dog/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref> 
[[File:Linces19.jpg|thumb|left|The Algarve once had the largest population of the [[Iberian lynx]] in Portugal. It was reintroduced in the 1st quarter of the 21st century.<ref name=":0">Sete linces vão ser libertados este ano em Portugal ([[Público (Portuguese newspaper)|Público]]) https://www.publico.pt/2021/02/09/ciencia/noticia/sete-linces-libertados-ano-portugal-1949956</ref>]] A wild cat formerly at risk of extinction, the [[Iberian lynx]] (''Lynx pardinus'') used to populate five distinct areas in Portugal: the Algarve region, Serra da Malcata ([[Centro Region]]), Serra de São Mamede ([[Alentejo Region]]), Vale do Guadiana (the Portuguese section of [[Guadiana River]]) and Vale do Sado ([[Sado River]]). The southern strip of Portugal, the Algarve region, was the area with the greatest concentration, occupying an area of about 650 square kilometres between the [[Serra de Monchique|Monchique]], Caldeirão and Espinhaço de Cão mountain ranges. In the early 21st century there was a move to reintroduce them in Portugal by breeding them in captivity, from animals brought from Spain.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Portugal tem 261 linces-ibéricos |url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/lince-iberico/portugal-tem-261-linces-ibericos/20230519/6467cf85d34ef47b87540d89 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=CNN Portugal |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SAPO |title=Território do lince-ibérico alarga-se com novas libertações no Algarve |url=https://24.sapo.pt/atualidade/artigos/territorio-do-lince-iberico-alarga-se-com-novas-libertacoes-no-algarve |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=SAPO 24 |language=pt}}</ref>

A paradise for bluefin tuna fishing, the Algarve in Portugal witness each year the migration of [[bluefin tuna]] that runs in front of the coasts of Olhão. The sea waters in this region are also populated by various whales, dolphins and porpoises at different times throughout the year. The most common species are the common dolphin (''[[Delphinus delphis]]'') and bottlenose dolphin (''[[Tursiops truncatus]]''). On the [[Ria Formosa Natural Park]] one can find unique species in Portugal and most of Europe such as the [[chameleon]], a reptile that in Portugal only exists in the Algarve,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=Exhibition "Knowing the chameleon" |url=https://www.ualg.pt/en/exhibition-knowing-chameleon |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=University of Algarve |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davison |first=Anne |url=https://photocontest.smithsonianmag.com/photocontest/detail/algarve-chameleon-1/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |title=Algarve Chameleon |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Have you seen a chameleon? |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2021-03-12/have-you-seen-a-chameleon/58745 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref> and one of the largest populations of [[seahorse]]s in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seahorses released to halt population decline |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2021-11-24/seahorses-released-to-halt-population-decline/63735 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Appreciable increase" in Algarve seahorse population |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-11-26/appreciable-increase-in-algarve-seahorse-population/72405 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seahorses in Ria Formosa, endangered? |website=www.oceanario.pt |url=https://www.oceanario.pt/en/conservation/inaqua/seahorses-in-ria-formosa-endangered/ |access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Rescuing seahorses with HIPPOSAVE |publisher=European Commission |url=https://oceans-and-fisheries.ec.europa.eu/news/rescuing-seahorses-hipposave-2022-12-21_en |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=oceans-and-fisheries.ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Chameleo.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Mediterranean chameleon]]]]
The Algarve is divided into three regions: the Litoral – the southern coast with its beaches; the Barrocal – the northern interior and the Serra de Monchique in the northwest and the Serra do Caldeirão in the northeast. The vegetation of the northern Algarve is divided into forests, hilly terrain, scrubland, fertile land and pastures with mountain springs and streams, lakes and waterfalls.

The south is dominated by the typical vegetation of [[Ria Formosa]] lagoon and dune system. Regarding flora in the south of Algarve, there are two main features: on one hand, the marshes – areas submerged by high tide and uncovered at low tide – with its [[halophytic]] vegetation (vegetation that tolerates high saline levels, lack of soil oxygen and long periods of emersion). 
[[File:Map Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina.gif|thumb|right|Map of the land area of the [[Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park]] in the southwest corner of Portugal

The Portuguese natural park covers territory of coastal Algarve from [[Burgau, Portugal|Burgau]] to [[Odeceixe]].]]
On the other hand, the dune flora – species adapted to strong winds, excessive salinity and high permeability of the soils – which presents species as the ''[[Ammophila arenaria]]'', the ''[[Armeria maritima]]'', the ''[[Aster tripolium]]'', the ''[[Pancratium maritimum]]'' and the ''[[Otanthus maritimus]]''. At the mouth of the [[Espiche River]] near [[Armação de Pera]] and [[Albufeira]] [[Espiche River#Salgados Lagoon|an area of wetland called the Salgados Lagoon]] fed by the waters of that river is found. The Salgados Lagoon has been classified as an IBA (Important Bird Area). Further west, near [[Alvor (Portimão)|Alvor]], one can find the Ria de Alvor (Alvor Estuary) located between the towns of Lagos and Portimão, covering 1,700 hectares with a mix of habitats of brushwood, forest and agricultural land, comprising the estuary, dunes, marshes and salt-pans. On the west and southwestern tip of coastal Algarve, there is the [[Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park]], another natural park of the Algarve which extends further north along the Portuguese coast to the [[Alentejo]] region.

[[File:2018-02-04 Almond Blossome, Rua do Fumeiro, Albufeira.JPG|thumb|right|Almond blossom (''[[Prunus dulcis]]'') in Algarve, Portugal]]
[[Cultivar]]s like the ''[[Prunus dulcis]]'', ''[[Ficus carica]]'' and ''[[Citrus × sinensis]]'' are regarded as typical in the region and are widespread across the Algarve landscape but the most relevant wild tree and shrub species of Algarve include:
[[File:Quercus suber algarve.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Quercus suber]]'' in Algarve]]
[[File:Ameixial - strawberry tree Arbutus unedo fruit (13532184725).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Arbutus unedo]]'' (strawberry tree) fruits in Algarve]]
*Cork Oak (''[[Quercus suber]]''): In the past, it was one of the dominant species of flora in the Algarve region. More common in the Caldeirão and Monchique mountains, it was also present on the coast of the eastern Algarve. Rare or absent in the Northeast Algarve and Lower Guadiana (municipalities of Alcoutim and Castro Marim), and the Algarve Barrocal. The number of specimens of the species has fallen dramatically due to fires, prolonged periods of drought and the "[[Biscogniauxia|cork oak disease]]". Historically, it has been economically important for [[cork (material)|cork]] extraction activity.
*Holm Oak (''[[Quercus rotundifolia]]''): Dominates the tree stratum in the Algarve Barrocal, Northeast and Baixo Guadiana (concelhos of Alcoutim and Castro Marim). Common in the Caldeirão mountain range, especially in the easternmost parts of the range                                                                                                             The species was cultivated to harvest acorns; its wood was highly prized.
*Monchique Oak (''[[Quercus canariensis]]''): Its presence is recorded in the Serra de Monchique and in the municipality of Odemira, but it is possible that in the past it was present in the Serra do Caldeirão. It is almost extinct in Portugal due to forest fires and the expansion of eucalyptus and maritime pine.
*Chestnut Tree (''[[Castanea sativa]]''): In the past, there was a large chestnut grove in the [[Monchique mountains]]. It was the first chestnut to reach the markets. It has also been recorded that this species was present in the hills of Tavira in the 18th century. Considering the existence of chestnut groves in the Serra de Aracena, it is possible that centuries ago chestnut trees were common in the wetter areas of the Algarve hills.
*Carob Tree (''[[Ceratonia siliqua]]''): It is debatable whether this is an introduced or an indigenous species. The species is cultivated on the coast and in the barrocal. When conditions are favorable, it can reach large dimensions. In the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, the carob tree began to be cultivated in the highlands but productivity in that sub-region is very low. Portugal is the largest producer of carob pods and the region of the Algarve is by far the greatest producer of this product.
*Poplar (''[[Populus alba]]''): It is probably the most common poplar in the Algarve. It occurs on the coast, especially in the eastern Algarve, forming galleries in water courses or groves in valleys. Great ornamental value, in favorable conditions can reach large dimensions
*Oak-Bark (''[[Quercus faginea]] alpestris''): This tree is very rare in the region due to anthropogenic action. It may have been common in the past, in the barrocal and the mountains of the windward side ([[Barlavento Algarvio|Barlavento]]).
*Black oak (''[[Quercus pyrenaica]]''): It is likely that this species was present in the highest and coldest points of the Algarve hills. The black oak occurs in [[Andalusia]], in Spain, at lower latitudes. The natural occurrence of the black oak in Portugal is recorded in [[Baixo Alentejo Province|Baixo Alentejo]], near the Monchique mountains.
*Strawberry Tree (''[[Arbutus unedo]]''): This shrub is common in the mountains of the municipalities of Tavira, [[São Brás de Alportel]], Loulé, Silves and Monchique. Absent in the Northeast Algarve. Under favorable conditions can reach 15 meters               It is often associated with species of the genus Quercus, but in the past there may have been woods consisting only of strawberry trees. It is the source of [[medronho]], a traditional fruit brandy.
*Alder (''[[Alnus glutinosa]]''): It occurs in riparian galleries, in permanent watercourses. It can reach 30 meters. A rare species in the Algarve, the alder can be found in the Serra de Monchique.
*Ash (''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]''): It occurs especially in the eastern Algarve, especially in the valleys of the Almargem, Asseca and Beliche streams. It is possible that in the past it formed dense forests around the region's large streams. Due to the recent abandonment of agriculture, the species is regenerating in some parts of the Algarve region.
*Loendro (''[[Nerium oleander]]''): Forms galleries in temporary watercourses in the mountains, especially in the eastern Algarve                                                                                                                                                                               Very common shrub in the region
*Myrtle (''[[Myrtus communis]]''): Shrub or small tree, with medicinal interest                                                                                 It occurs in some parts of the eastern mountains, but it could have been much more common in the past. As with other species of the eastern hills, the myrtle was removed due to the wheat harvest. Many specimens were also lost in 21st century's wildfires.
*Wild Olive (''[[Olea oleaster|Olea europaea sylvestris]]''): A medium-sized shrub or tree (up to 15 m), common on abandoned agricultural land on the coast or in the Barrocal                                                                                                                                       It can reach a longevity of 2000 years.
*Terebinth (''[[Pistacia terebinthus]]''): Small tree or shrub                                                                                                               Rare, only occurs in the Eastern Algarve
*Poplar (''[[Populus nigra]]''): Less common than Populus alba                                                                                                     A few isolated specimens occur scattered throughout the Algarve region, near the main streams.
*Aroeira (''[[Pistacia lentiscus]]''): Shrub or rarely small tree, it occurs in bushes, in warmer areas of the barrocal and the coast of Algarve                                                                                                                                                                              A very common species in the region
*Wild pear (''[[Pyrus bourgaeana]]''): Shrub or small tree                                                                                                           This species is often associated with the cork oak and the holm oak in the Serra do Caldeirão.

==Education==
State-run and private education institutions cover all the educational needs of the Algarve's population from kindergarten to university education. Primary and secondary education schools from grade 1 to grade 12, including a number of [[international school]]s (examples include [[Aljezur International School]], [[Deutsche Schule Algarve]], [[International School São Lourenço]], Nobel International School Algarve, [[Vale Verde International School]] and [[Vilamoura International School]]), as well a wide network of state-run and private kindergartens are in the Algarve and in particular at the most densely populated littoral strip. The [[University of Algarve]], headquartered in [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], with an extension in [[Portimão]], is a public university which awards undergraduate, integrated master, master and doctorate degrees in fields ranging from [[biomedical sciences]], [[landscape architecture]], [[agronomy]] or [[marine biology]] to [[economics]], [[psychology]], [[sociology]] or languages, literatures and cultures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Courses |url=https://www.ualg.pt/en/oferta-formativa |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=University of Algarve |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Undergraduate |url=https://www.ualg.pt/en/undergraduate |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=University of Algarve |language=en}}</ref> The population of the Algarve is also served by two private higher education institutions ([[Instituto Piaget]] in [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]] and [[Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes]] in [[Portimão]]).

==Sports==
[[File:Estádio do Algarve.jpg|right|thumb|The 30,000-seat Algarve Stadium (''[[Estádio Algarve]]'') was built as a venue for [[UEFA Euro 2004]].]]
[[File:Sébastien Loeb - 2007 Rally Portugal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sébastien Loeb]] driving his [[Citroën C4 WRC]] at the [[2007 Rally de Portugal]] won by him. The rally included [[super special stage]]s [[2007 Rally de Portugal#Special Stages|performed at the stadium]].]]
[[File:Autódromo Internacional do Algarve (2012-09-23), by Klugschnacker in Wikipedia (25).JPG|thumb|right|Beginning in 2020, the [[Algarve International Circuit]] has held the [[Formula One]]
[[Portuguese Grand Prix]].]]
Sports clubs in the Algarve include several football teams ([[S.C. Olhanense]], [[Portimonense S.C.]], [[S.C. Farense]], [[Imortal de Albufeira]], [[Louletano D.C.]], [[C.F. Esperança de Lagos]], etc.) which play in the [[Portuguese football league system]]. S.C. Farense and Portimonense S.C. are the most successful football clubs in the Algarve and usually compete in one of the two main top-tier professional football leagues in Portugal. The [[Algarve Cup]], an invitational tournament for national teams in women's association football hosted by the [[Portuguese Football Federation]] (FPF) is held annually in the Algarve since 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Algarve Cup - Notícias, agenda, fotos e vídeos |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/competicoes/futebol/feminino/algarve-cup |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=FPF |language=pt-PT}}</ref>

Cycling is a popular sport in Portugal and the region of Algarve has long-established, noteworthy [[professional cycling team]]s which compete in the [[Volta a Portugal]] and other major cycling events. The [[Volta ao Algarve]] is the oldest and most popular road bicycle racing competition in the Algarve region. The most successful of those professional cycling teams of the Algarve in the [[UCI Continental Tour]] are [[Louletano Desportos Clube (cycling)|Louletano Desportos Clube]] and [[Clube de Ciclismo de Tavira]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Informação |first=Sul |date=2021-04-23 |title=Around the Algarve will have 7 of the best teams in the world |url=https://www.sulinformacao.pt/en/2021/04/volta-ao-algarve-vai-ter-7-das-melhores-equipas-do-mundo/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Sul Informação |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Almond Blossom Cross Country]] (Portuguese: Cross Internacional das Amendoeiras em Flor) is an annual international [[cross country running]] competition first organized in 1977 which takes place in [[Albufeira]], in early March. It is one of the IAAF permit meetings which serve as qualifying events for the [[IAAF World Cross Country Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The return of the "Almond Blossom" - PREVIEW {{!}} News {{!}} Bydgoszcz (Myslecinek Park) 2013 {{!}} World Athletics Cross Country Championships |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-cross-country-championships/40th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-2-7048505/news/amp/the-return-of-the-almond-blossom-preview?urlSlug=40th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-2-5096&competitionGroup=world-athletics-cross-country-championships&articleUrlSlug=the-return-of-the-almond-blossom-preview&type=amp |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes set for Cross Country Permit season finale in Albufeira {{!}} PREVIEWS {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-cross-country-tour/news/2021-cross-country-permit-season-finale-albuf |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Cross das Amendoeiras terá domingo a 45ª edição |url=https://revistaatletismo.com/cross-das-amendoeiras-tera-domingo-a-45a-edicao/ |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=Revista Atletismo |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Associação de Atletismo do Algarve - 46.º Cross Internacional das Amendoeiras em Flor |url=https://www.aaalgarve.org/index.php/resultados-2022-2023/296-regulamentos-de-programas-horarios-da-epoca-2022-2023/3760-46-cross-internacional-das-amendoeiras-em-flor |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.aaalgarve.org}}</ref>

There are numerous open-water [[swimming]] events throughout the year<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://openwaterswimming.eu/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|title=Account Suspended|website=openwaterswimming.eu}}</ref> as well as tennis. The Algarve is also home to some of the world's most renowned [[golf]]-courses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.golfworldtop100.com/golf-breaks/best-golf-breaks-in-portugal|title=Best Golf Breaks to Portugal – Golf World|website=Golf World Top 100|date=7 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Portugal wins World's Best Golf Destination award for 5th year running |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/portugal-wins-worlds-best-golf-destination-award-for-5th-year-running/47442 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[Algarve International Circuit]], a motorsport venue, is located in the region.

Due to the strong [[Nortada]] winds blowing through the South coast of Portugal, the Algarve is a summer holiday destination for [[windsport]]s. Sailing, windsurfing and especially [[Kiteboarding|kitesurfing]] have a large and growing community in the Algarve. The nature of the Algarve coastline offers a mix of flat water lagoons such as those of the [[Ria Formosa]] Nature Park, or the waves of Sagres and the South-west coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best Surfing Spots in the Algarve {{!}} The Real Algarve |url=https://www.therealalgarve.com/the-best-surfing-spots-in-the-algarve/ |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.therealalgarve.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Windsurf e Kitesurf {{!}} www.visitportugal.com |url=https://www.visitportugal.com/pt-pt/content/windsurf-e-kitesurf |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.visitportugal.com |language=pt-pt}}</ref>

Many kitesurfing spots<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kitesurfing in the Algarve. Lagos, Faro & South coast, Portugal // Kiterr.com|url=https://kiterr.com/kitespots/europe/kitesurfing-algarve-portugal/|access-date=2020-08-14|website=Kiterr.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> dot the Algarve coastline.

==Notable natives and inhabitants==
Examples of noteworthy people linked to the Algarve region include:

[[File:Aníbal Cavaco Silva (cropped).jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]], former Prime Minister and President of Portugal]]
[[File:2018 Finanzminister Löger bei Eurogruppe und ECOFIN (Mário Centeno).jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Mário Centeno]], former [[Ministry of Finance (Portugal)|Minister of Finance]] and current [[Banco de Portugal|Governor of the Bank of Portugal]]]]
[[File:Gil eanes.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Gil Eanes]], 15th-century Portuguese navigator and explorer]]
[[File:José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior (1910) - Photographia Allemã, crop.png|thumb|right|150px|[[José Mendes Cabeçadas]], Portuguese Navy officer, revolutionary and politician]]
[[File:Laura Ayres 001.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Laura Ayres]], virologist]]
[[File:Maria Keil 1955.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Maria Keil]], visual artist]]
* [[Abu-l-Qasim Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Qasi]] (governor of Silves for the Almohads)
* [[Alberto Iria]] (historian, a specialist in the history of the Algarve)
* [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] (former Portuguese president and prime minister)
* [[Adelino da Palma Carlos]] (former Portuguese prime minister)
* [[António Calvário]] (singer)
* [[Aurea (singer)|Aurea]] (soul singer originally from Santiago do Cacém, Alentejo, who grew up in the Algarve)
* [[Bakr Ben Yahia]] (son of Yahia Ben Bakr, he was an important Iberian crypto-Jew living as a Christian who held political office and has been a part of important construction in Faro)
* [[Bartolomeu Dias]] ([[navigator]])
* [[Bonnie Tyler]] (singer)
* [[Brites de Almeida]] (legendary baker of Aljubarrota)
* [[Carlos Brito (Portuguese politician)|Carlos Brito]] (politician and writer)
* [[Carlos Quintas]], Portuguese stage and television actor and singer.
* [[Cliff Richard]] (singer)
* [[Clive Dunn]], British film and television actor (''[[Dad's Army]]''), from the 1980s until his death in 2012
* [[Dânia Neto]] (actress)
* [[David Cristina]] (humorist, stand-up comedian, radio and television personality, entrepreneur, corporate executive, and investment consultant)
* [[Diogo Piçarra]] (singer)
* [[Diogo Rodrigues]] (explorer of the Indian Ocean)
* [[Estácio da Veiga]] (archeologist and writer, known for having discovered several important archaeological sites in the Algarve)
* [[Francisco Barreto]] (soldier and explorer; an officer in [[Morocco]], [[viceroy of Portuguese India]], he was tasked with an expedition to southeast Africa in search of legendary gold mines.)
* [[Gil Eannes]] (navigator)
* [[Jill Adams]] (British actress, hotel owner)
* [[João Arménio Correia Martins]] (scientist in computational mechanics, developed the compliance friction law)
* [[João de Deus (died 1267)|João de Deus]] (priest and legal scholar)
* [[João de Deus de Nogueira Ramos|João de Deus]] (poet and editor)
* [[João Moutinho]] (football player)
* [[João Vaz Corte-Real]] (claimed by some accounts to have been a [[Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories|pre-Columbian explorer]] of a land called ''New Land of the Codfish'', possibly part of North America)
* [[John Jacob Lavranos]] (Greek/South African insurance broker and botanist, with a special interest in succulents)
* [[José Mendes Cabeçadas]] (revolutionary, politician and former Portuguese president and prime minister)
* [[Júlio Dantas]] (writer, doctor)
* [[Júlio Resende]] (pianist and composer)
* [[Katherine Swift]] (Irish artist and ceramicist. Worked at [[Porches Pottery (Olaria Algarve)|Porches Pottery]] and founded [[Estudio Destra]] in Silves.)
* [[Laura Ayres]] (virologist)
* [[Lídia Jorge]] (writer)
* [[Louis van Gaal]] (Dutch football coach and former player, current manager of the Dutch National Team)
* [[Shawn Mendes#Early life|Manuel Mendes]], a businessman originally from the Algarve who is the father of Shawn Mendes, a [[Canadians|Canadian]] singer-songwriter of Portuguese descent.
* [[Madragana]] (mistress to king Afonso III of Portugal)
* [[Manuel Teixeira Gomes]] (former Portuguese president and writer)
* [[Maria Alves da Silva Cavaco Silva]] (wife of [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]], the 19th President of the Portuguese Republic and, as such, the First Lady of Portugal from 2006 until 2016)
* [[Maria Barroso]] (actress, wife of former Portuguese president and prime minister [[Mário Soares]])
* [[Mário Centeno]], (Portuguese [[Ministry of Finance (Portugal)|Minister of Finance]] since 2015, president of the [[Eurogroup]] and chairman of the Board of Governors of the [[European Stability Mechanism]])
* [[Maria Keil]] ([[visual arts|visual artist]])
* [[Muhammad ibn Ammar]] (a poet from Silves)
* [[Nuno Guerreiro]] (singer, lead vocalist of [[Ala dos Namorados]]).
* [[Nuno Júdice]] (poet)
* [[Patrick Swift]] (Irish artist, lived in the Algarve from 1962 until his death in 1983, founded [[Porches Pottery (Olaria Algarve)|Porches Pottery/Olaria Algarve]])
* [[Raul Pires Ferreira Chaves]] (a civil engineer and inventor)
* [[Remexido]], a civil servant and wealthy land tenant who became a guerrilla leader in the Algarve, defending the rights of king Miguel to the Portuguese throne and the antiliberal status quo of the absolute monarchy
* [[Ronald Koeman]] (Dutch former football player, Coach)
* [[Sara Martins]] (Portuguese-born French actress of Cape Verdean descent originally from the Algarve)
* [[Yahia Ben Bakr]], an important Iberian Christian of Jewish origin living under Muslim domination in Gharb al-Andalus who was a member of a family of muladís who revolted in the year 879 against the power of the Emir of Cordoba, remaining independent for about 50 years

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Vista_Tavira.jpg|The city of [[Tavira]], capital of the Costa do Acantilado
File:Centro_histórico_de_Lagos.JPG|The historic centre of Lagos
File:Praia_da_Rocha,_Portim%C3%A3o,_Algarve.JPG|[[Portimão]] at night
File:Rua_de_Silves.JPG|A street in [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]]
File:Carvoeiro Portugal February 2015 03.jpg|Partial view of [[Carvoeiro (Lagoa)|Carvoeiro]]
File:Beach_at_Albufeira.JPG|A beach in [[Albufeira]]
File:Town square (Praça Marquês de Pombal) (5469253558).jpg|The city of [[Vila Real de Santo António]]
File:Vilamoura.jpg|Marina beach in [[Vilamoura]]
File:Tarde de consoada (6604145205).jpg|Typical view of the Algarve coast
File:Quarteira-Algarve.jpg|Beach in [[Quarteira]]
File:Pastando. Lagos, Portugal.jpg|Shepherd and sheep near Lagos
File:Faro algarve portugal ilha deserta.jpg|Desert island near Faro
File:A tormenta de Sagres.jpg|[[Sagres Point]], in the extreme of [[continental Portugal]]
File:Mercado Municipal de Loulé, Algarve, Portugal.JPG|Loulé's municipal market
File:Alte 04.JPG|The bog fountain in [[Alte]]
File:Sé_Catedral_de_Silves_-_Vista_exterior.jpg|[[Silves Cathedral]]
File:Algarve23.jpg|The open fields of the Algarve in spring
File:Caldas_de_Monchique2.jpg|The spa resort town of [[Caldas de Monchique]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Kingdom of the Algarve]]
* [[Algarve VR]]
* [[History of Lagos (Portugal)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage}}
* [https://www.visitalgarve.pt/en/ Tourism Region of Algarve]
* [https://sandytoes-algarve.com/jeep-safari/ Jeep Safari / Jeep Tour provider in Algarve]

{{Regions of Portugal}}
{{Historical provinces of Portugal}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Faro District| ]]
[[Category:Intermunicipal communities of Portugal]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of Portugal]]
[[Category:Provinces of Portugal (1936–1976)]]
[[Category:Regions of Portugal]]
[[Category:Portugal geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]