View source for Alice Meynell

{{Short description|English poet and suffragist (1847–1922)}}
{{Other people|Alice Thompson}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox writer
| name             = Alice Meynell
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1847|10|11|df=y}}
| birth_place      = {{Nowrap|[[Barnes, London]], England, <br> [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]}}
| relatives        = [[Elizabeth Thompson]] (sister)
| spouse           = [[Wilfrid Meynell]]
| image            = Alice Meynell 7.jpg
| caption          = Meynell in 1912
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|1922|11|27|1847|10|11|df=y}}
| occupation       = Poet and publisher
| resting_place    = [[Kensal Green Catholic Cemetery]]
| children         = 8, including [[Viola Meynell]] and [[Francis Meynell]]
| birth_name       = Alice Christiana Gertrude Thompson
}}
[[File:47 Palace Court 02.JPG|thumb|[[47 Palace Court]]|240x240px]]'''Alice Christiana Gertrude Meynell''' (/ˈmɛnəl/ MEN-uhl;<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.carcanet.co.uk/author/alice-meynell/ |title= Alice Meynell |publisher=carcanet.co.uk |access-date=25 September 2025}}</ref> née '''Thompson'''; 11 October 1847{{sfn|Badeni|1981|p=1}}{{snd}}27 November 1922{{sfn|Badeni|1981|p=250}}) was a British writer, editor, critic, and [[suffragist]], now remembered mainly as a poet. She was considered for the position of [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom]] twice, first in 1892 on the death of [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]], and later in 1913 on the death of [[Alfred Austin]], but was never appointed to the position.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Poets |first=Academy of American |title=About Alice Meynell {{!}} Academy of American Poets |url=https://poets.org/poet/alice-meynell |access-date=2020-03-07 |website=poets.org}}</ref>

Meynell and her husband, [[Wilfrid Meynell]], were the owners and editors of several [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] publications and patrons of the poet [[Francis Thompson]].

==Early life and family==
Alice Christiana Gertrude Thompson was born in [[Barnes, London]] on 11 October 1847 to Thomas James and Christiana (née Weller) Thompson, a painter and concert pianist.<ref name=":1" /> The family moved around England, Switzerland, and France, but she was brought up mostly in Italy, where a daughter of her father's from his first marriage had settled. Her father was a friend of [[Charles Dickens]],{{sfn|Badeni|1981|p=1}} and Meynell suggests in her memoir that Dickens was also romantically interested in her mother, noting that he had said to Thomas Thompson, "Good God, what a madman I should seem if the incredible feeling I have conceived for that girl could be made plain to anyone!"<ref>{{cite web |last=Meynell |first=Alice |date=1926 |title=Alice Meynell, a Memoir |url=https://www.questia.com/read/1090832/alice-meynell-a-memoir |url-status=dead |publisher=C. Scribner's Sons |oclc=983518 |access-date=26 February 2017 |archive-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227063722/https://www.questia.com/read/1090832/alice-meynell-a-memoir }}</ref>

On her father's side, Meynell had [[Jamaican diaspora|Jamaican Creole]] ancestry and was a third cousin of [[Elizabeth Barrett Browning|Elizabeth Barret Browning]].<ref name=":2" />

Meynell suffered from ill health during her early life, and in 1868, during a bout of illness, converted to [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]. During this time, she reportedly fell in love with the [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] Priest, Father Augustus Dignam, who had helped her in her conversion. Dignam is believed to have inspired Meynell's [[love poems]] "After Parting" and "Renouncement."<ref name=":1" /> By 1880, her entire family had also converted to Catholicism.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Alice Meynell Collection 1870s |url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.MEYNELLA#:~:text=Meynell%20converted%20to%20the%20Catholic,1852-1948)%20in%201876. |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.lib.uchicago.edu}}</ref>

In 1876, Meynell met newspaper editor and fellow Catholic convert [[Wilfrid Meynell]] (1852-1948), who was five years her junior, and they married in 1877.<ref name=":3" /> The couple had eight children: Sebastian, Monica, Everard (1882–1926), Madeleine, Viola, Vivian (who died at three months), Olivia, and Francis. [[Viola Meynell]] (1885–1956) became a writer, known mainly for fiction, who later wrote a biography of her mother titled ''The Life of Alice Meynell'' (1932).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zabel |first=Morton Dauwen |date=1930 |editor-last=Meynell |editor-first=Viola |title=The Life of Alice Meynell |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20577463 |journal=Poetry |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=349–350 |jstor=20577463 |issn=0032-2032}}</ref> Her youngest child [[Francis Meynell]] (1891–1975) became a poet and a printer who co-founded [[The Nonesuch Press]].{{sfn|Badeni|1981|pp=50–116}}

==Career==

=== Writing and publishing ===
In 1875, Meynell published ''Preludes'', her first poetry collection, illustrated by her elder sister [[Elizabeth Thompson|Lady Elizabeth Butler]] (1846–1933). The work was warmly praised by [[John Ruskin]], who especially praised the [[sonnet]] "Renouncement" for its beauty and delicacy, though although it received little public notice otherwise.{{sfn|Badeni|1981|pp=52–55}}{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

After their marriage in 1877, Meynell and her husband became a proprietors and editors of various magazines, including ''The Pen'', the ''Weekly Register'', and ''Merry England'', among others. Meynell was highly involved in the editorial work of these publications.{{sfn|Badeni|1981|pp=50–116}}

Meynell also continued to publish her own writing, including [[Literary criticism|literary]] and [[art criticism]], and wrote regularly for ''The World'', ''[[The Spectator]]'', ''[[The Magazine of Art]]'', the ''[[Scots Observer]]'' (which became the ''National Observer'', both edited by [[W. E. Henley]]), ''[[The Tablet]]'', ''[[The Art Journal]]'', the ''[[Pall Mall Gazette]]'', and ''[[Saturday Review (London)|The Saturday Review]]''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Her poems show her [[Feminism|feminist]] concerns as well as her reactions to the events of [[World War I]].<ref>[https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/alice-meynell "Alice Meynell", Poetry Foundation]</ref>

=== Patronage of Francis Thompson ===
[[Image:Sargent - Alice Meynell.jpg|thumb|right| Meynell by [[John Singer Sargent]], pencil, 1894<ref name="NPG">{{Cite web |last=Singer Sargent |first=John |date=1894 |title=Alice Meynell (née Thompson) - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw04389/Alice-Meynell-ne-Thompson |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> ]]The poet [[Francis Thompson]], who was [[Homelessness|homeless]] and suffering from an [[Opium|opium addiction]], sent the couple a manuscript. His poems were first published in the Meynell's paper ''Merry England'', and the couple became supporters of Thompson.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Harriet |date=1923 |title=Of Two Poets |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20573946 |journal=Poetry |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=262–267 |jstor=20573946 |issn=0032-2032}}</ref> His 1893 book ''Poems'' was published by the Meynells.

=== Relationships with other writers ===
Meynell and her husband had a wide social circle that included many notable writers of their time, including [[Jeannette Augustus Marks]], [[Robert Browning]] and [[Elizabeth Barrett Browning]], [[Frieda Lawrence|Frieda]] and [[D. H. Lawrence|D.H. Lawrence]],<ref name=":2" /> [[Harriet Monroe]], and [[Aubrey de Vere (poet)|Aubrey de Vere]].<ref name=":4" />

Meynell also had a deep friendship with [[Coventry Patmore]], whose poetry she supported,<ref name=":3" /> that lasted several years. In 1893, Coventry gave Meynell the manuscript for ''[[The Angel in the House]]'', his best-known work, as a token of their friendship.<ref name=":2" /> Eventually, Patmore became obsessively in love with Meynell, leading her to end their friendship.{{sfn|Badeni|1981|pp=115–129}} She wrote the article on Patmore for the ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]''.<ref name="ce">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924063262053 |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia and its makers |publisher=[[The Encyclopedia Press]] |year=1917 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924063262053/page/n177 116]}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== Artist's model ===
Meynell was also involved in the world of art. In 1894, she was drawn by [[John Singer Sargent]],<ref name="NPG" /> and in 1897 by [[William Rothenstein]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rothenstein |first=William |date=1897 |title=Alice Meynell (née Thompson) - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw199347/Alice-Meynell-ne-Thompson |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> She was also photographed by [[Sherril Schell]] in approximately 1911-1913,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schell |first=Sherril |others=c. 1911-1913 |title=Alice Meynell (née Thompson) - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw09576/Alice-Meynell-ne-Thompson |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> by [[E. O. Hoppé]] in 1914,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoppé |first=E.O. |date=1914 |title=Alice Meynell (née Thompson) - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw203021/Alice-Meynell-ne-Thompson |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> and by [[Walter Stoneman]] in approximately 1916.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stoneman |first=Walter |title=Alice Meynell (née Thompson) - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw93911/Alice-Meynell-ne-Thompson |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>

Sargent requested Meynell to write the introduction for a collection of his works, titled ''The Works of John S. Sargent, R.A.'', in 1903.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meynell, Alice |url=https://arthistorians.info/meynella/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Dictionary of Art Historians |language=en}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
In March 1923, a few months after Meynell's death, Jeanette Marks published a retrospective of Meynell's works in the ''[[North American Review]]''. She criticized Meynell's "[[religiosity]]" and "deliberate and labored moral judgments," but praised Meynell's embrace of "the multitude,"<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Marks |first=Jeannette |date=1923 |title=The Multitude: An Appreciation of Alice Meynell |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25112968 |journal=The North American Review |volume=217 |issue=808 |pages=365–373 |jstor=25112968 |issn=0029-2397}}</ref> writing that:
{{Blockquote|text=To Alice Meynell the last curiosity was not of art but of life itself; it is the disparity between destiny and nature; the trivial transmission of a life that is nevertheless great, the vulgar experience of love that is none the less real, the "heroic virtue" of death committed to the keeping of us all; the gravity of mortality greater than that of immortality.|author=[[Jeannette Marks]]|title=The Multitude: An Appreciation of Alice Meynell|source=[[The North American Review]], Vol. 217, No. 808.}}
Also in 1923, Harriet Monroe wrote of Meynell's writing, "There is a crying need for a complete edition of Alice Meynell's verse and prose...Sometimes her quest of an austere beaty is carried too far toward preciosity, but often she attains without effort a severe clarity and precision which the rising generation will do well to study."<ref name=":4" />

Meynell's work has continued to be praised and studied in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, with contemporary scholars including [[Angela Leighton]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leighton |first=Angela |date=1989 |title="Because men made the laws": The Fallen Woman and the Woman Poet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40002337 |journal=Victorian Poetry |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=109–127 |jstor=40002337 |issn=0042-5206}}</ref> and [[Linda Austin]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Austin |first=Linda M. |date=2006 |title=Self against Childhood: The Contributions of Alice Meynell to a Psycho-Physiology of Memory |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058746 |journal=Victorian Literature and Culture |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=249–268 |doi=10.1017/S106015030605114X |jstor=25058746 |issn=1060-1503|url-access=subscription }}</ref> having published articles on Meynell and her work.

== Activism ==
At the end of the 19th century, in conjunction with uprisings against the British (among them the [[Indian Mutiny|Indians']], the [[Zulu War|Zulus']], the [[Boxer Rebellion]], and the [[Muslim]] revolt led by [[Muhammad Ahmed]] in the [[Sudan]]), many European scholars, writers, and artists, began to question Europe's [[Imperialism|colonial imperialism]]. This led the Meynells and others in their circle to speak out for the oppressed. Alice Meynell was a vice-president of the [[Women Writers' Suffrage League]], founded by [[Cicely Hamilton]] and active 1908–19.<ref>Crawford, Elizabeth (2000). ''The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1929''. London: Routledge, p. 712. {{ISBN|978-0415239264}}</ref>[[File:Alice Meynell portrait.jpg|thumb|Meynell, unknown date]]

Meynell was one of the founders of the [[St. Joan's International Alliance|Catholic Women's Suffrage Society]], which sought by peaceful means to achieve votes for women.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rcdow.org.uk/news/votes-for-women-the-catholic-contribution/|title=Votes for Women! The Catholic Contribution - Diocese of Westminster|website=rcdow.org.uk|date=23 February 2018 |access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> Meynell established and wrote in the first edition of its newspaper ''The Catholic Suffragist,'' in 1915, "A Catholic suffragist woman is a graver suffragist on graver grounds and with weightier reasons than any other suffragist in England."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Meynell|first=Alice|url=https://mrc-catalogue.warwick.ac.uk/records/MSX/1822|title=The Catholic Suffragist|date=15 January 1915|access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref> Reports were shared from eleven branches (including a national congress in Wales and two societies in Scotland) and the editorial said "We dare to say that if the balance of power between men and women had been more equal the world over, we should not still be settling international disputes by swamping a continent in blood and turning Europe into a shambles."<ref name=":0" />

Meynell wrote in ''[[The Tablet]]'' against Father [[Henry Day (priest)|Henry Day]] who preached against votes for women risking "bringing a revolution of the first magnitude". Meynell retorted "I say, most gravely, the vaster the magnitude of the revolution, the better." Where Day saw "danger" Meynell saw a "fortress of safety" for Catholic women, and she saw [[Anti-suffragism|anti-suffrage]] rhetoric as "insolence".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Catholics+and+the+campaign+for+women%27s+suffrage+in+England.-a0122765342|title=Catholics and the campaign for women's suffrage in England. - Free Online Library|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
[[File:47 Palace Court 04.JPG|thumb|Alice Meynell blue plaque]]
Meynell was twice considered for the [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom]], on the 1892 death of [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]] and in 1913 to replace [[Alfred Austin]]. [[Elizabeth Barrett Browning]], her third cousin,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/S1060150321000036|title=The Transatlantic Inheritance of Alice Meynell|journal=Victorian Literature and Culture|year=2022 |doi=10.1017/S1060150321000036 |access-date=2020-10-20|last1=Faulkner |first1=Ash |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=549–573 |s2cid=252285045 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref> was the only other female potential laureate up to that time. Neither of these women were given the recognition of this status<ref name=":1" /> with the first and only female to hold the post, appointed by the monarch, being [[Carol Ann Duffy]] in 2009 -19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.poetrysociety.org.uk/content/duffy09/poetlaureate/|title=The Poetry Society (Search for the Laureate 2009)|website=archive.poetrysociety.org.uk|access-date=2020-03-07|archive-date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707005732/http://archive.poetrysociety.org.uk/content/duffy09/poetlaureate/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After a series of illnesses, including [[migraine]] and [[Depression (mood)|depression]], Meynell died on 27 November 1922 aged 75. A [[Posthumous publication|posthumous]] collection of her ''Last Poems'' was published by [[Burns & Oates|Burns and Oates]], a year later. Meynell is buried at [[Kensal Green Catholic Cemetery]] in London. There is a [[London County Council]] commemorative [[blue plaque]] on the front wall of the property at [[47 Palace Court]], [[Bayswater]], London, W2, where she and her husband once lived, whilst the 2023 play ''[[Modest (play)|Modest]]'' covered Alice and her sister Elizabeth's life from 1874 to 1879.

Upon Meynell's death, Jeannette Marks wrote, "Like a child my mind has kept step with hers for many years, and like a child it still runs beside her, looking up, using her living words, following her thought. In the 'running' I have lost account of time; and now, they say, she is dead...''Tribulation, Immortality, the Multitude!''"<ref name=":5" />

==Selected works==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[https://archive.org/details/preludes_verse Preludes]'' (1875) – poems
*''[https://archive.org/details/rhythmoflife00meyn The Rhythm of Life and Other Essays]'' (1893)
*''Poems'' by Francis Thompson (1893) – editor and producer
*''Holman Hunt'' (1893)
*''Selected Poems of [[Thomas Gordon Hake]]'' (1894) – editor
*{{cite book |title= The Colour of Life and Other Essays on Things Seen or Heard |year= 1896 |place= London and Chicago |publisher= John Lane and Way and Williams |url= https://archive.org/details/colouroflifeothe00meyn/page/n5 |access-date= 23 January 2019 |via=Internet Archive}}
*''[https://archive.org/details/poetryofpathosde00patm The Poetry of Pathos & Delight]'' by [[Coventry Patmore]] (1896) – editor
*''The Flower of the Mind'' (1897) – anthology of English verse, editor, critic
*{{cite book |title= The Children |year= 1897 |place= London and New York |publisher= John Lane|url=https://archive.org/details/children00meyniala/page/n6 |access-date= 23 January 2019|via= Internet Archive}}
*{{cite book |title= The Spirit of Place and Other Essays |year= 1898 |place= London and New York |publisher= John Lane |url=https://archive.org/details/spiritofplaceand00meynuoft/page/n7 |access-date= 24 January 2019 |via=Internet Archive}}
*''London Impressions'' (1898)
*''[https://archive.org/details/johnruskin00meyngoog John Ruskin]'' (1900)
*''[https://archive.org/details/laterpoems00meyniala Later Poems]'' (1902)
*''The Work of [[John S. Sargent]]'' (1903)
*''[https://archive.org/details/ceresrunawayothe00meyn Ceres' Runaway and Other Essays]'' (1909)
*''[https://archive.org/details/childhoodmeynell00meyn Childhood]'' (1913)
*''[https://archive.org/details/aliceessays00meynrich Essays]'' (1914)
*''[https://archive.org/details/heartsofcontrove00meynrich Hearts of Controversy]'' (1917)
*''[https://archive.org/details/secondpersonsing00meyn The Second Person Singular and Other Essays]'' (1921)
*''The Poems of Alice Meynell: Complete Edition'' (Oxford University Press, 1940)
*''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.34379 The Poems of Alice Meynell: Centenary Edition]'' (London: Hollis and Carter, 1947) 
*''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.215178 Prose and Poetry]'' (Jonathan Cape, 1947) – multiple editors, centenary publication with a biography and critical introduction by [[Vita Sackville-West]]
The latter publication is catalogued by one [[WorldCat]] library as ''Prose and Poetry of A. Meynell, 1847–1922'' (OCLC 219753450) and by one as ''Alice Meynell: Prose and Poetry. Centenary Volume'' (OCLC 57050918), while another reports a 2007 facsimile edition ''Prose and Poetry, 1847–1922''. There may be the title of a 1970 issue as ''Prose and Poetry'', {{OCLC|630445893}}.
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
*[[History of feminism]]
*[[List of suffragists and suffragettes]]
*[[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom]]

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

'''Citations:'''
* {{cite book | last=Badeni | first=June | title=The slender tree : a life of Alice Meynell | publisher=Tabb House | location=Padstow, Cornwall | year=1981 | isbn=0-907018-01-7 }}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Meynell, Alice Christiana|volume=18|page=350}}
* {{cite book |last=Archer |first= William |author-link= William Archer (critic)|chapter= MRS. MEYNELL |title=  Poets of the Younger Generation; with Thirty-Three Full-Page Portraits from Woodcuts by Robert Bryden |place= London and New York|publisher= John Lane|year=1902 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/poetsofyoungerge00archrich |pages= [https://archive.org/details/poetsofyoungerge00archrich/page/264 264]-270 |access-date= 23 January 2019 |via=Internet Archive}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikisource|works=or}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://poetry.elcore.net/CatholicPoets/Meynell/index.html "The Poems of Alice Meynell (1923)"] at Poetry.elcore.net
* [http://essays.quotidiana.org/meynell Essays by Alice Meynell] at Quotidiana.org
* {{gutenberg author|id=546|name=Alice Meynell}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Alice Meynell}}
* {{Librivox author |id=1337}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150419021313/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~public/feg/alice/ambio.html "Alice Meynell: Poet of Poets, 1847–1922"] at the University of Virginia
* [http://theotherpages.org/poems/poem-mn.html#meynell Index entry at Poets' Corner]
* {{UK National Archives ID}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mahar|first1=Aileen R |title=Contemporary criticism, personal and literary, of Alice Meynell ''(Master's thesis)'' |date=1946 |publisher=Boston University |url=https://archive.org/stream/contemporarycrit00maha#page/n2/mode/1up|access-date=1 March 2017}}
* [https://bc-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=ALMA-BC21330996430001021&context=L&vid=bclib_new&search_scope=lib_BURNS&tab=bcl_only&lang=en_US Alice Meynell collection] at [[Boston College]]
* {{LCAuth|n50036625|Alice Meynell|67|}}
* [https://lccn.loc.gov/no2008177890 Everard Meynell] (son) at LC Authorities, with 4 records including that of ''The Life of Francis Thompson'' (1913)
*[https://poets.org/poet/alice-meynell Alice Meynell at the Academy of American Poets]
*[https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.MEYNELLA Guide to the Alice Meynell Collection 1870s] at the [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/scrc/ University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center]
*[https://www.poeticous.com/alice-meynell Alice Meynell at Poeticous]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meynell, Alice}}
[[Category:1847 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green]]
[[Category:English essayists]]
[[Category:Victorian women writers]]
[[Category:English women essayists]]
[[Category:English suffragists]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:English Catholic poets]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic activists]]
[[Category:English women poets]]
[[Category:19th-century English non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:19th-century English women writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:20th-century English non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century English women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Contributors to the Catholic Encyclopedia]]
[[Category:Catholic feminists]]
[[Category:Members of the Women Writers' Suffrage League]]
[[Category:Writers from the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]
[[Category:People from Barnes, London]]
[[Category:English women memoirists]]