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{{short description|American scientific society}}
{{redirect|ACS Publications|Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians Publications|The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| name                = American Chemical Society
| image               = American Chemical Society logo.svg
| image_border        =
| size                = 120 px
| caption             =
| formation           = {{start date and age|1876|4|6}}
| type                = [[learned society|Scientific society]]
| status              = [[501(c) organization#501(c)(3)|501(c)(3)]] nonprofit organization
| headquarters        = Washington, D.C.
| location            = United States
| membership          = more than 155,000
| leader_title        = [[Presidents of the American Chemical Society|President]]
| leader_name         = [[Mary K. Carroll]]
| key_people          = Albert G. Horvath (CEO)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cen.acs.org/acs-news/Albert-G-Horvath-named-new-CEO-of-the-American-Chemical-Society/100/web/2022/11 |title=Albert G. Horvath named new CEO of the American Chemical Society |author=Alexandra A. Taylor |date=November 22, 2022|access-date=March 28, 2023}}</ref>
| num_staff           =
| budget              = {{US$|528&nbsp;million}}
| budget_year         = 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/aboutacs/financial/2016-audited-financial-statements.pdf|title=2016 audited financial statements}}</ref>
| website             = {{URL|www.acs.org}}
}}

The '''American Chemical Society''' ('''ACS''') is a [[scientific society]] based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of [[chemistry]].  Founded in 1876 at [[New York University]], the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, [[chemical engineering]], and related fields. It is one of the world's largest [[scientific societies]] by membership.<ref name=Fast>{{cite web|title=Fast Facts about ACS|url=http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/about/aboutacs.html|website=American Chemical Society|access-date=January 28, 2016}}</ref> The ACS is a [[501(c) organization|501(c)(3)]] non-profit organization and holds a [[congressional charter]] under [[Title 36 of the United States Code]]. Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and it has a large concentration of staff in [[Columbus, Ohio]].

The ACS is a source of scientific information through its peer-reviewed scientific journals, national conferences, and the [[Chemical Abstracts Service]]. Its publications division produces over 80 [[Scientific journal|scholarly journals]] including the prestigious ''[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]'', as well as the weekly trade magazine ''[[Chemical & Engineering News]]''. The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences concentrating on specific chemical fields or geographic regions. The primary source of income of the ACS is the [[Chemical Abstracts Service]], a provider of chemical databases worldwide.

The ACS has student chapters in virtually every major university in the United States and outside the United States as well.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Find an ACS Student Chapter|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/students/college/studentaffiliates/find-a-chapter.html|access-date=2020-11-13|website=American Chemical Society|language=en}}</ref> These student chapters mainly focus on volunteering opportunities, career development, and the discussion of student and faculty research.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ACS Student Chapters|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/students/college/studentaffiliates.html|access-date=2020-11-13|website=American Chemical Society|language=en}}</ref> The organization also publishes textbooks, administers several national chemistry awards, provides grants for scientific research, and supports various educational and outreach activities.

The ACS has been criticized for predatory pricing of its products ([[SciFinder]], journals and other publications), for opposing [[open access]] publishing, as well as for initiating numerous copyright enforcement litigations despite its non-profit status and its chartered commitment to dissemination of chemical information.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kemsley |first=Jyllian |date=October 3, 2018 |title=American Chemical Society, Elsevier file copyright infringement suit against ResearchGate in U.S. |url=https://cen.acs.org/policy/publishing/American-Chemical-Society-Elsevier-file/96/web/2018/10 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=cen.acs.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1002/leap.1254 | title=On the limitations of recent lawsuits against Sci-Hub, OMICS, ResearchGate, and Georgia State University | date=2019 | last1=Manley | first1=Stewart | journal=Learned Publishing | volume=32 | issue=4 | pages=375–381 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:American Chemical Society Building.JPG|thumb|American Chemical Society headquarters in Washington, D.C.]]

=== Creation ===
In 1874, a group of American [[chemist]]s gathered at the [[Joseph Priestley House]] to mark the 100th anniversary of [[Joseph Priestley|Priestley's]] discovery of [[oxygen]]. Although there was an American scientific society at that time (the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]], founded in 1848), the growth of [[chemistry]] in the U.S. prompted those assembled to consider founding a new society that would focus more directly on theoretical and applied chemistry. Two years later, on April 6, 1876, during a meeting of chemists at the University of the City of New York (now [[New York University]]) the American Chemical Society was founded.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/draperacs.html|title = John W. Draper and the Founding of the American Chemical Society|year = 2001|access-date = January 15, 2016|publisher = American Chemical Society|last = Bohning|first = James J.}}</ref> The society received its charter of incorporation from the State of New York in 1877.<ref name=":1" />

[[Charles F. Chandler]], a professor of chemistry at [[Columbia University]] who was instrumental in organizing the society said that such a body would "prove a powerful and healthy stimulus to original research, ... would awaken and develop much talent now wasting in isolation, ... [bring] members of the association into closer union, and ensure a better appreciation of our science and its students on the part of the general public."<ref name=":3" />

Although Chandler was a likely choice to become the society's first president because of his role in organizing the society, [[New York University]] chemistry professor [[John William Draper]] was elected as the first president of the society because of his national reputation. Draper was a [[Photochemistry|photochemist]] and pioneering photographer who had produced one of the first [[Portrait photography|photographic portraits]] in 1840.<ref name=":3" /> Chandler would later serve as president in 1881 and 1889.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title = ACS Presidents, A Chronological List|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/about/president/acspresidents.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref>

In the ACS logo, originally designed in the early 20th century by [[Tiffany & Co.|Tiffany's Jewelers]] and used since 1909,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73130570&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|title=ACS|access-date=July 22, 2017}}</ref> a stylized symbol of a [[kaliapparat]] is used.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://cen.acs.org/articles/93/i35/Important-Artifact.html|title = A Most Important Artifact|last = Everts|first = Sarah|date = September 7, 2015|work = [[Chemical & Engineering News]]|volume = 93|issue = 35|pages = 46–47}}</ref>

=== Growth ===
The ''[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]'' was founded in 1879 to publish original chemical research. It was the first journal published by ACS and is still the society's flagship peer-reviewed publication. In 1907, Chemical Abstracts was established as a separate journal (it previously appeared within JACS), which later became the [[Chemical Abstracts Service]], a division of ACS that provides chemical information to researchers and others worldwide. ''[[Chemical & Engineering News]]'' is a weekly trade magazine that has been published by ACS since 1923.<ref name=":1" />

The society adopted a new constitution aimed at nationalizing the organization in 1890.<ref name=":1" /> In 1905, the American Chemical Society moved from New York City to Washington, D.C. ACS was reincorporated under a [[congressional charter]] in 1937. It was granted by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] and signed by president [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=Charter>{{cite web|title=ACS Governing Documents Bulletin 5|url=http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/charter/bulletin-5.pdf|website=American Chemical Society|access-date=January 28, 2016|archive-date=February 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205140622/http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/charter/bulletin-5.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ACS's headquarters moved to its current location in downtown Washington in 1941.<ref name=":1" />

==Organization==

=== Divisions ===
ACS first established technical divisions in 1908 to foster the exchange of information among scientists who work in particular fields of chemistry or professional interests. Divisional activities include organizing technical sessions at ACS meetings, publishing books and resources, administering awards and lectureships, and conducting other events. The original five divisions were 1) organic chemistry, 2) industrial chemists and chemical engineers, 3) agricultural and food chemistry, 4) fertilizer chemistry, and 5) physical and inorganic chemistry.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title = The American Chemical Society at 125: A recent history 1976–2001|publisher = American Chemical Society|year = 2002|isbn = 978-0-8412-3851-0|editor-last = Reese|editor-first = Kenneth M.}}</ref>

{{as of|2016|post=,}} there are 32 technical divisions of ACS.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Technical Division Websites|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/membership-and-networks/td/websites.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = December 24, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151124025637/http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/membership-and-networks/td/websites.html|archive-date = November 24, 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[agricultural chemistry|Agricultural]] and [[food chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://agfd.sites.acs.org/|website = Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Agrochemicals]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = AGRO Division&nbsp;– Chemistry for and from Agriculture|url = http://www.agrodiv.org/|website = agrodiv.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Analytical chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Analytical Sciences -ANYL|url = http://www.analyticalsciences.org/|website = analyticalsciences.org|access-date = January 14, 2016|archive-date = October 11, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011105650/http://www.analyticalsciences.org/|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* Biochemical technology<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS BIOT : Home|url = http://www.acsbiot.org/index.php/home-new|website = acsbiot.org|access-date = January 14, 2016|archive-date = February 8, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160208024210/http://www.acsbiot.org/index.php/home-new|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* [[Biological chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Division of Biological Chemistry Website|url = http://www.divbiolchem.org/|website = divbiolchem.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Business development & management<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://bmgt.sites.acs.org/|website = Division of Business Development & Management|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Carbohydrate chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://carb.sites.acs.org/|website = Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Catalysis]] science & technology<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://catl.sites.acs.org/|website = Catalysis Science & Technology|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Cellulose]] and renewable materials<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://cell.sites.acs.org/|website = Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Chemistry education|Chemical education]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Division of Chemical Education|url = http://www.divched.org/|website = divched.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Division of Chemical Health and Safety|Chemical health & safety]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = American Chemical Society Division of Chemical Health & Safety|url = http://dchas.org/|website = dchas.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Chemoinformatics|Chemical information]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Our Mission {{!}} ACS Division of Chemical Information (CINF)|url = http://www.acscinf.org/|website = www.acscinf.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Chemical [[toxicology]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = American Chemical Society Division of Chemical Toxicology|url = http://www.acschemtox.org/Pages/default.aspx|website = acschemtox.org|access-date = January 14, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160106110914/http://www.acschemtox.org/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date = January 6, 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* Chemistry & the law<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chemistry and the Law|url = http://www.chemistryandthelaw.org/|website = chemistryandthelaw.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Colloid]] & [[Surface science#Surface chemistry|surface chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry|url = http://www.colloidssurfaces.org/|website = colloidssurfaces.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Computational chemistry|Computers in chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS COMP Division|url = http://www.acscomp.org/|website = acscomp.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Energy & [[fuel]]s<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Energy & Fuels Division|url = http://web.anl.gov/PCS/ENFL/index.html|website = web.anl.gov|access-date = January 14, 2016|archive-date = February 1, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160201180424/http://web.anl.gov/PCS/ENFL/index.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* [[Environmental chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Envr|url = http://acsenvr.com/|website = ACS Envr|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Fluorine]] chemistry<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://fluorine.sites.acs.org/|website = Division of Fluorine Chemistry|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Geochemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://geochemistrydivision.sites.acs.org/|website = geochemistrydivision.sites.acs.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[History of chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Division of History, American Chemical Society|url = http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/|website = scs.illinois.edu|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Industrial & engineering chemistry<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = https://acs-iec.org//|website = Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Division|access-date = December 21, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Inorganic chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Division of Inorganic Chemistry|url = http://acsdic.org/wordpress/|website = Division of Inorganic Chemistry|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Medicinal chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Division of Medicinal Chemistry|url = https://www.acsmedchem.org/|website = acsmedchem.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Nuclear chemistry]] and Technology<ref>{{Cite web|title = NUCL-ACS|url = http://www.nucl-acs.org/|website = nucl-acs.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Organic chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = American Chemical Society Division of Organic Chemistry|url = https://www.organicdivision.org/|website = organicdivision.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Physical chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Physical Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society|url = http://phys-acs.org/|website = phys-acs.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Polymer chemistry]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Division of Polymer Chemistry&nbsp;– American Chemical Society|url = http://www.polyacs.org/ |website = polyacs.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Polymeric materials: science and engineering<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://pmse.sites.acs.org/|website = Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering Division|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Professional relations<ref>{{Cite web|title = Home|url = http://prof.sites.acs.org/|website = Division of Professional Relations|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Rubber]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Rubber Division|url = http://www.rubber.org/|website = rubber.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Small chemical businesses<ref>{{Cite web|title =  SCHB|url = http://www.acs-schb.org/|website = SCHB|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== Division of Organic Chemistry ====
This is the largest division of the Society. It marked its 100th anniversary in 2008.<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Wang|first = Linda|title = A Centennial Stimulus|journal = Chem. Eng. News|volume = 86|issue = 39|pages = 47–48|date = September 29, 2008|doi = 10.1021/cen-v086n039.p047|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="Organic Division Centennial">{{cite journal|last = Seeman|first = J. I.|title = Happy 101st Birthday to the Division of Organic Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (ORGN)|journal = J. Org. Chem.|volume = 74|issue = 1|page = 1|date = January 2, 2009|doi = 10.1021/jo8022846|doi-access = }}</ref> The first Chair of the Division was [[Edward Curtis Franklin]].<ref name="Organic Division History">{{cite journal|last = Fisher|first = H. L.|title = Organic Chemistry|journal = Ind. Eng. Chem.|volume = 43|issue = 2|pages = 289–94|date = February 1951|doi = 10.1021/ie50494a017}}</ref> The Organic Division played a part in establishing [[Organic Syntheses]], Inc. and [[Organic Reactions]], Inc. and it maintains close ties to both organizations.

The Division's best known activities include organizing symposia (talks and poster sessions) at the biannual ACS National Meetings, for the purpose of recognizing promising Assistant Professors, talented young researchers, outstanding technical contributions from junior-level chemists,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1 = Raber|first1 = Linda|last2 = Wang|first2 = Linda|title = ORGN Honors Technical Achievement, Calls for Nominations|journal = Chemical & Engineering News|volume = 87|issue = 43|page = 34|date = October 26, 2009|url = http://cen.acs.org/articles/87/i43/ORGN-Honors-Technical-Achievement-Calls.html|access-date = October 6, 2014}}</ref> in the field of [[organic chemistry]]. The symposia also honor national award winners, including the [[Arthur C. Cope Award]], Cope Scholar Award, James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry, Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods.

The Division helps to organize symposia at the international meeting called Pacifichem<ref name="Pacifichem on Pacific Business News">{{cite journal|last = Reese|first = K. M.|title = Pacifichem returning to Honolulu in 2015|journal = Pacific Business News|date = February 9, 2012|url = http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2012/02/09/pacifichem-returning-to-honolulu-in-2015.html|access-date = September 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Pacifichem Website">{{cite web|url = http://www.pacifichem.org|title = Pacifichem 2015|website = The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies|access-date = September 17, 2014}}</ref> and it organizes the biennial National Organic Chemistry Symposium (NOS) which highlights recent advances in organic chemistry<ref>{{Cite journal|last1 = Fenlon|first1 = Edward|last2 = Myers|first2 = Brian|title = Profiles in Chemistry: A Historical Perspective on the National Organic Symposium|journal = Journal of Organic Chemistry|volume = 78|issue = 12|pages = 5817–31|date = May 30, 2013|doi = 10.1021/jo302475j|pmid = 23721508}}</ref> and hosts the [[Roger Adams]] Award address.  The Division also organizes corporate sponsorships to provide fellowships for PhD students<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Pharma Supports 15 Organic Chemistry Students|journal = Chem. Eng. News|volume = 85|issue = 48|pages = 54–56|date = November 26, 2007|doi = 10.1021/cen-v085n048.p054|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = 2001 Division of Organic Chemistry Fellowship Awards|journal = Organic Letters|volume = 3|issue = 25|pages = 13–17|date = December 6, 2001|doi = 10.1021/ol0102491}}</ref> and undergraduates.<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Wang|first = Linda|title = Undergraduate Organic Fellowships Announced|journal = Chemical & Engineering News|volume = 87|issue = 19|page = 35|date = May 11, 2009|url = http://cen.acs.org/articles/87/i19/Undergraduate-Organic-Fellowships-Announced.html|access-date = October 5, 2014|doi = 10.1021/cen-v087n048.p035|doi-access = free}}</ref> It also organizes the Graduate Research Symposium<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Yarnell|first = Amanda|title = Organic Division Launches Graduate Research Symposium|journal = Chem. Eng. News|volume = 88|issue = 31|page = 59|date = August 2, 2010|doi = 10.1021/cen-v088n031.p058|doi-access =free }}</ref> and manages award and travel grant programs for undergraduates.

=== Local sections ===
Local sections were authorized in 1890 and are autonomous units of the American Chemical Society. They elect their own officers and select representatives to the national ACS organization. Local sections also provide professional development opportunities for members, organize community outreach events, offer awards, and conduct other business.<ref name=":1" /> The Rhode Island Section was the first local section of ACS, organized in 1891.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Presidency|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/about/president.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref> There are currently 186 local sections of the American Chemical Society in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Local Sections|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/membership-and-networks/ls.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>

=== International Chemical Sciences Chapters ===
International Chemical Sciences Chapters allow ACS members outside of the U.S. to organize locally for professional and scientific exchange.<ref>{{Cite web|title = International Chemical Sciences Chapters|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref> There are currently 24 International Chemical Sciences Chapters.<ref>{{Cite web|title = American Chemical Society Expanded Its Global Reach {{!}} C&EN 2015 Chemistry Year in Review|url = http://2015.cenmag.org/american-chemical-society-expanded-global-html/|website = C&EN 2015 Chemistry Year in Review|access-date = January 14, 2016|date = December 21, 2015}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Australia<ref name="Reach">{{Cite web|title = American Chemical Society Expanded Its Global Reach {{!}} C&EN 2015 Chemistry Year in Review|url = http://2015.cenmag.org/american-chemical-society-expanded-global-html/#.Vpfjs_krIdU|website = C&EN 2015 Chemistry Year in Review|access-date = January 14, 2016|date = December 21, 2015}}</ref>
* Brazil<ref name="Reach" />
* [[Jing-Jin-Ji|China]]
* [[Colombia]]
* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
* Hong Kong<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in Hong Kong|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/hongkong.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Hungary]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Hungary|url = http://www.acshc.hu/acs_nyito_eng.php|website = acshc.hu|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in India|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/india.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Iraq]]
* [[Jordan]]
* [[Malaysia]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in Malaysia|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/malaysia.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Nigeria]]<ref name="Reach" />
* [[Pakistan]]
* [[Peru]]<ref name="Reach" />
* [[Qatar]]
* [[Republic of China (Taiwan)]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in Taiwan|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/taiwan.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Romania]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in Romania|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/romania.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=SAICSC-ACS {{!}} |url=http://saicsc-acs.com/wcms/ |website=saicsc-acs.com |access-date=January 14, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113022110/http://saicsc-acs.com/wcms/ |archive-date=January 13, 2016 }}</ref>
* Shanghai<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in Shanghai|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/shanghai.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in South Africa|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/south-africa.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[South Korea]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS S. Korea Chapter|url = http://www.acskorea.org/|website = acskorea.org|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* Southwestern China
* [[Thailand]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapter in Thailand|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/global/international/chapters/thailand.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* [[United Arab Emirates]]<ref name="Reach" />
{{div col end}}

== Educational activities and programs ==

=== Chemical education and outreach ===
ACS states that it offers teacher training to support the professional development of science teachers so they can better present chemistry in the classroom, foster the scientific curiosity of our nation's youth and encourage future generations to pursue scientific careers.  As of 2009, Clifford and [[Kathryn Hach-Darrow|Kathryn Hach]] donated $33&nbsp;million to ACS, to continue the work of the Hach Scientific Foundation in supporting high school chemistry teaching.<ref name=Raber>{{cite journal|last1=Raber|first1=Linda|title=ACS Receives Hach Funds Multi-million-dollar gift is largest in society's history|journal=Chemical & Engineering News|date=January 26, 2009|volume=87|issue=4|page=7|url=http://cen.acs.org/articles/87/i4/ACS-Receives-Hach-Funds.html|access-date=January 29, 2016|doi=10.1021/cen-v087n004.p007|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The Society sponsors the [[United States National Chemistry Olympiad]] (USNCO), a contest used to select the four-member team that represents the United States at the [[International Chemistry Olympiad]] (IChO).<ref name=Olympiad>{{cite web|title=U.S. National Chemistry Olympiad|url=http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/students/highschool/olympiad.html|website=American Chemical Society|access-date=January 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name=ICHO>{{cite web|title=ICHO 2015|url=http://icho2015.msu.az/about/history/|website=ICHO History|access-date=January 29, 2016}}</ref>

The ACS Division of [[Chemical education#Postsecondary chemistry education in the United States|Chemical Education]] provides standardized tests for various subfields of chemistry.<ref name=Khine>{{cite book|last1=Khine|first1=Myint Swe|title=Perspectives on scientific argumentation theory, practice and research|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media B.V.|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-94-007-2470-9|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7WOv6yvIuSIC&pg=PA49|access-date=January 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name=Haney>{{cite book|last1=Haney|first1=Walter M.|last2=Madaus|first2=George F.|last3=Lyons|first3=Robert|title=The Fractured Marketplace for Standardized Testing.|date=2012|publisher=Springer Verlag|isbn=978-9401049733|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AI59CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT51|access-date=January 29, 2016}}</ref> The two most commonly used tests are the undergraduate-level tests for general and organic chemistry. Each of these tests consists of 70 multiple-choice questions, and gives students 110 minutes to complete the exam.

The ACS also approves certified undergraduate programs in chemistry. A student who completes the required laboratory and course work—sometimes in excess of what a particular college may require for its [[Bachelor's degree]]—is considered by the Society to be well trained for professional work.<ref>{{Cite conference| title = Undergraduate Professional Education in Chemistry| publisher = American Chemical Society| date = Spring 2008| location = New York| url = http://portal.acs.org/portal/fileFetch/C/WPCP_008491/pdf/WPCP_008491.pdf| access-date = June 12, 2010| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327031227/http://portal.acs.org/portal/fileFetch/C/WPCP_008491/pdf/WPCP_008491.pdf| archive-date = March 27, 2009}}</ref>

The ACS coordinates two annual public awareness campaigns, [[National Chemistry Week]] and Chemists Celebrate Earth Week, as part of its educational outreach. Since 1978 and 2003 respectively, the campaigns have been celebrated with a yearly theme, such as "Chemistry Colors Our World" (2015) and "Energy: Now and Forever!" (2013).<ref name=Themes>{{cite web|title=National Chemistry Week Themes|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/outreach/ncw/themes.html|website=American Chemical Society|access-date=January 29, 2016}}</ref>

=== Green Chemistry Institute ===
The Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) supports the "implementation of [[green chemistry]] and engineering throughout the global chemistry enterprise."<ref>{{Cite web|title = About the ACS Green Chemistry Institute|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/about.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref> The GCI organizes an annual conference, the Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference, provides research grants, administers awards, and provides information and support for green chemistry practices to educators, researchers, and industry.<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Green Chemistry Institute|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref>

The GCI was founded in 1997 as an independent non-profit organization, by chemists [[Joe Breen (chemist)|Joe Breen]] and Dennis Hjeresen in cooperation with the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = A Historical Perspective |url = http://www.warnerbabcock.com/green-chemistry/a-historical-perspective/|publisher = Warner Babcock Institute|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref> In 2001, the GCI became a part of the American Chemical Society.[http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/what-is-green-chemistry/history-of-green-chemistry.html]

=== Petroleum Research Fund ===
The Petroleum Research Fund (PRF) is an endowment fund administered by the ACS that supports advanced education and fundamental research in the petroleum and fossil fuel fields at non-profit institutions.<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Petroleum Research Fund|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/grants/prf.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref> Several categories of grants are offered for various career levels and institutions.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Grant Programs|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/grants/prf/programs.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref> The fund awarded more than $25&nbsp;million in grants in 2007.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title = History of the ACS Petroleum Research Fund|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/grants/prf/about/history.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref>

The PRF traces its origins to the acquisition of the [[UOP LLC|Universal Oil Products]] laboratory by a consortium of oil companies in 1931.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Universal Oil Products (UOP) Riverside Laboratory&nbsp;– National Historic Chemical Landmarks|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/uoplaboratory.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref> The companies established a trust fund, The Petroleum Research Fund, in 1944 to prevent antitrust litigation tied to their UOP assets. The ACS was named the beneficiary of the trust. The first grants from the PRF were awarded in 1954. In 2000, the trust was transferred to the ACS. The ACS established The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and the previous trust was dissolved.<ref name=":5" /> The PRF trust was valued at $144.7&nbsp;million in December 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Financial Highlights&nbsp;– 2014 Annual Report |website = acswebcontent.acs.org|publisher=ACS|url = https://acswebcontent.acs.org/annualreport/financials.html|access-date = January 16, 2016}}</ref>

=== Other programs ===
The ACS International Activities is the birthplace of the ACS International Center, an online resource for scientists and engineers looking to study abroad or explore an international career or internship. The site houses information on hundreds of scholarships and grants related to all levels of experience to promote scientific mobility of researchers and practitioners in STEM fields.

The Society grants membership to undergraduates as student members provided they can pay the $25 yearly dues. Any university may start its own ACS Student Chapter and receive benefits of undergraduate participation in regional conferences and discounts on ACS publications.

== Awards ==
=== National awards ===
{{Main|List of American Chemical Society national awards}}
The American Chemical Society administers 64 national awards, medals and prizes based on scientific contributions at various career levels that promote achievement across the chemical sciences.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title = National Awards Administered by the ACS|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref> The ACS national awards program began in 1922 with the establishment of the [[Priestley Medal]], the highest award offered by the ACS, which is given for distinguished services to chemistry.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Priestley Medal|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/priestley-medal.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref> The 2019 recipient of the Priestley Medal is [[Karl Barry Sharpless|K. Barry Sharpless]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title = K. Barry Sharpless named 2019 Priestley Medalist | magazine = Chemical & Engineering News | url = https://cen.acs.org/people/awards/K-Barry-Sharpless-named-2019/96/i26 | date = June 20, 2018 | access-date = January 8, 2019}}</ref>

=== Other awards ===
Additional awards are offered by divisions, local sections and other bodies of ACS. The [[William H. Nichols Medal Award]] was the first ACS award to honor outstanding researchers in the field of chemistry. It was established in 1903 by the ACS New York Section and is named for [[William H. Nichols]], an American chemist and businessman and one of the original founders of ACS.<ref>{{Cite web|title = NY-ACS Nichols Award Nominations|url = http://www.newyorkacs.org/meetings/Nominations/Nichols.php|website = newyorkacs.org|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref> Of the over 100 Nichols Medalists, 16 have subsequently been awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]. The [[Willard Gibbs Award]], granted by the ACS Chicago Section, was established in 1910 in honor of [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]], the [[Yale University]] professor who formulated the [[phase rule]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Willard Gibbs Award|url = http://chicagoacs.org/content.php?page=Willard_Gibbs_Award|website = chicagoacs.org|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref>

The Georgia Local Section of ACS has awarded the [[Herty Medal]] since 1933 recognizing outstanding chemists who have significantly contributed to their chosen fields.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles H. Herty Award|url=http://georgia.sites.acs.org/awardsandhonors.htm|access-date=February 10, 2017}}</ref> All chemists in academic, government, or industrial laboratories who have been residing in the southeastern United States for at least 10 years are eligible.

The New York Section of ACS also gives Leadership Awards.<ref name=CMEACS>{{cite web|title=CME ACS NY Leadership Awards(TM)|url=http://www.cmeacs.org/awardinfo.html|website=CME ACS|access-date=January 29, 2016}}</ref> The Leadership Awards are the highest honors given by the Chemical Marketing and Economic Group of ACS NY since December 6, 2012. They are presented to leaders of industry, investments, and other sectors, for their contributions to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) initiatives. Honorees include [[Andrew N. Liveris]] (Dow Chemical),<ref name=CME2014>{{cite web|title=2014 Leadership Awards&nbsp;– CME ACS NY Diamond Jubilee|url=http://www.cmeacs.org/award2014.html|website=CME ACS|date=December 4, 2014}}</ref> [[P. Roy Vagelos]] (Regeneron, Merck),<ref name=CME2015>{{cite web|title=2015 Leadership Awards&nbsp;– 61 Years of Service|url=http://www.cmeacs.org/award2015.html|website=CME ACS|date=December 8, 2015}}</ref> [[Thomas M. Connelly]] (DuPont)<ref name=CME2014/> and Juan Pablo del Valle (Mexichem).<ref name=CME2012>{{cite web|title=2012 Leadership Awards|url=http://www.cmeacs.org/award2012.html|website=CME ACS|date=December 6, 2014}}</ref>

The ACS also administers regional awards presented annually at regional meetings. This includes the E. Ann Nalley Regional Award for Volunteer Service to the American Chemical Society, Regional Awards for Excellence in High School Teaching, and the Stanley C. Israel Regional Award for Advancing Diversity in the Chemical Sciences.

==Journals and magazines==
{{main category|American Chemical Society academic journals}} ACS Publications is the publishing division of the ACS. It is a nonprofit [[Academic publishing|academic publisher]] of [[scientific journal]]s covering various fields of chemistry and related sciences. As of 2021, ACS Publications published the following peer-reviewed journals:<ref>{{Cite web|title = ACS Publications Home Page|url = http://pubs.acs.org/|website = pubs.acs.org|access-date = February 21, 2019}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* ''[[Accounts of Chemical Research]]''
* ''[[Accounts of Materials Research]]''
* ''[[ACS Agricultural Science & Technology]]''
* ''[[ACS Applied Bio Materials]]''
* ''[[ACS Applied Electronic Materials]]''
* ''[[ACS Applied Energy Materials]]''
* ''[[ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces]]''
* ''[[ACS Applied Nano Materials]]''
* ''[[ACS Applied Polymer Materials]]''
* ''[[ACS Bio & Med Chem Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering]]''
* ''[[ACS Catalysis]]''
* ''[[ACS Central Science]]''
* ''[[ACS Chemical Biology]]''
* ''[[ACS Chemical Health & Safety]]''
* ''[[ACS Chemical Neuroscience]]''
* ''[[ACS Combinatorial Science]]''{{efn|Formerly the ''[[Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry]]''.}}
* ''[[ACS Earth and Space Chemistry]]''
* ''[[ACS Energy Letters]]''
* ''[[ACS Engineering Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Environmental Au]]''
* ''[[ACS ES&T Engineering]]''
* ''[[ACS ES&T Water]]''
* ''[[ACS Food Science & Technology]]''
* ''[[ACS Infectious Diseases]]''
* ''[[ACS Macro Letters]]''
* ''[[ACS Materials Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Materials Letters]]''
* ''[[ACS Measurement Science Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters]]''
* ''[[ACS Nano]]''
* ''[[ACS Nanoscience Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Omega]]''
* ''[[ACS Organic & Inorganic Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science]]''
* ''[[ACS Photonics]]''
* ''[[ACS Physical Chem Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Polymers Au]]''
* ''[[ACS Sensors]]''
* ''[[ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering]]''
* ''[[ACS Synthetic Biology]]''
* ''[[Analytical Chemistry (journal)|Analytical Chemistry]]''
* ''[[Biochemistry (journal)|Biochemistry]]''
* ''[[Bioconjugate Chemistry]]''
* ''[[Biomacromolecules]]''
* ''[[Bulletin for the History of Chemistry]]''
* ''[[Biotechnology Progress]]''{{efn|Co-published with the [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers|American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)]].}}
* ''[[Chemical Research in Toxicology]]''
* ''[[Chemical Reviews]]''
* ''[[Chemistry of Materials]]''
* ''[[Crystal Growth & Design]]''
* ''[[Energy & Fuels]]''
* ''[[Environmental Science & Technology]]''
* ''[[Environmental Science & Technology Letters]]''
* ''[[Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research]]''
* ''[[Inorganic Chemistry (journal)|Inorganic Chemistry]]''
* ''[[JACS Au]]''
* ''[[Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry]]''
* ''[[Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data]]''
* ''[[Journal of Chemical Education]]''
* ''[[Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling]]''
* ''[[Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation]]''
* ''[[Journal of Medicinal Chemistry]]''
* ''[[Journal of Natural Products]]''{{efn|Co-published with the [[American Society of Pharmacognosy]].}}
* ''[[Journal of Organic Chemistry]]''
* ''[[Journal of Proteome Research]]''
* ''[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]''
* ''[[Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry]]''
* ''[[Langmuir (journal)|Langmuir]]''
* ''[[Macromolecules (journal)|Macromolecules]]''
* ''[[Molecular Pharmaceutics]]''
* ''[[Nano Letters]]''
* ''[[Organic Letters]]''
* ''[[Organic Process Research & Development]]''
* ''[[Organometallics]]''
* ''[[The Journal of Organic Chemistry]]''
* ''[[The Journal of Physical Chemistry A]]''
* ''[[The Journal of Physical Chemistry B]]''
* ''[[The Journal of Physical Chemistry C]]''
* ''[[The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters]]''
{{div col end}}
In addition to academic journals, ACS Publications also publishes ''[[Chemical & Engineering News]]'', a weekly trade magazine covering news in the chemical profession,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chemical & Engineering News {{!}} Serving the chemical, life sciences and laboratory worlds|url = http://cen.acs.org/index.html|website = cen.acs.org|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref> ''inChemistry'', a magazine for undergraduate students,<ref>{{Cite web|title = inChemistry Magazine|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/students/college/inchemistry.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref> and ''ChemMatters'', a magazine for high school students and teachers.<ref>{{Cite web|title = ChemMatters Magazine|url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters.html|website = American Chemical Society|access-date = January 15, 2016}}</ref>

ACS also created [[ChemRxiv]], which is an [[open access]] [[preprint]] [[disciplinary repository|repository]] for the [[The central science|chemical sciences]], co-owned, and collaboratively managed by the American Chemical Society (ACS), [[Society of German Chemists|German Chemical Society (GDCh)]], [[Royal Society of Chemistry|Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)]], the chemistry community, other societies, funders, and non-profits; open for submissions and available for all readers at ChemRxiv.

== Controversies ==

=== Open access ===
In debates about free access to scientific information, the ACS has been described as "in an interesting dilemma, with some of its representatives pushing for open access and others hating the very thought."<ref name="Rovner2">{{cite journal|date=May 16, 2005|title=OPENING ACCESS Publishers weigh the risks and benefits of free online journal access|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8320openaccess.html|journal=Chemical & Engineering News|volume=83|issue=20|pages=40–44|last1=Rovner|first1=Sophie L.|access-date=January 29, 2016|doi=10.1021/cen-v083n020.p040|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The ACS has generally opposed legislation that would mandate free access to scientific journal articles and chemical information. However it has recently launched new [[open access journal]]s and provided authors with open access publishing options. Nevertheless, the actual percentage of open-access publications in ACS journals is the lowest among the 8 major scientific journal publishers (see figure below):

[[File:Open Access by year according to Web of Science.png|thumb|Open access by year according to Web of Science]]

==== Journals ====
The mid-2000s saw a debate between some research funders (including the federal government), which argued that research they funded should be presented freely to the public,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ledford|first=Heidi|date=October 26, 2006|title=Funding agencies toughen stance on open access|journal=Nature|volume=443|issue=7114|pages=894–95|doi=10.1038/443894b|issn=0028-0836|pmid=17065998|bibcode=2006Natur.443..894L|doi-access=free}}</ref> and some publishers (including the ACS), which argued that the costs of peer-review and publishing justified their subscription prices.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Lawmakers-Hear-Arguments-for/123719|title=Lawmakers Hear Arguments for and Against Open Access to Research|last=Howard|first=Jennifer|date=July 29, 2010|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|issn=0009-5982|access-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref> In 2006, Congress debated legislation that would have instructed the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) to require all investigators it funded to submit copies of final, peer-reviewed journal articles to [[PubMed Central]], a free-access digital repository it operates, within 12 months of publication.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Russo|first=Gene|date=June 22, 2006|title=Congress pushes plan to make papers free|journal=Nature|volume=441|issue=7096|pages=915–15|doi=10.1038/441915a|issn=0028-0836|pmid=16791162|bibcode=2006Natur.441..915R|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Suber2">{{cite journal|date=April 17, 2008|title=An open access mandate for the National Institutes of Health|pmc=3090178|journal=Open Medicine|volume=2|issue=2|pages=e39–e41|last1=Suber|first1=Peter|pmid=21602938}}</ref> At the time the [[Association of American Publishers|American Association of Publishers]] (of which ACS is a member) hired a public relations firm to counter the [[open access movement]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Giles|first=Jim|date=January 25, 2007|title=PR's 'pit bull' takes on open access|journal=Nature|volume=445|issue=347|page=347|bibcode=2007Natur.445..347G|doi=10.1038/445347a|issn=0028-0836|pmid=17251943|doi-access=free}}</ref> In spite of publishers' opposition, the PubMed Central legislation was passed in December 2007 and became effective in 2008.<ref name="Suber2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/New-Open-Access-Requirement/40740|title=New Open-Access Requirement Starts Today at NIH|date=April 7, 2008|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|issn=0009-5982|access-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref>

As the open access issue has continued to evolve, so too has the ACS's position. In response to a 2013 [[Office of Science and Technology Policy|White House Office of Science and Technology Policy]] directive that instructed federal agencies to provide greater access to federally funded research, the ACS joined other scholarly publishers in establishing the Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States (Chorus) to allow free access to published articles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/publishers-propose-public-private-partnership-to-support-access-to-research/44005|title=Publishers Propose Public-Private Partnership to Support Access to Research|last=Howard|first=Jennifer|date=June 4, 2013|website=The Chronicle of Higher Education Blogs: Wired Campus|access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> The ACS has also introduced several open access publishing options for its journals, including providing authors the option to pay an upfront fee to enable free online access to their articles.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://libraries.mit.edu/news/offer-access-options/15406/|title=RSC, ACS offer new open access options for authors {{!}} MIT Libraries News|website=libraries.mit.edu|access-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, the ACS launched the first fully open access journal in the society's history, ''ACS Central Science''.<ref name=":02" /> The ACS states that the journal offers the same peer-review standards as its subscription journals, but without publishing charges to either authors or readers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2013/october/acs-extends-new-open-access-program-designed-to-assist-authors.html|title=American Chemical Society extends new open access program designed to assist authors|website=American Chemical Society|access-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref> A second open access title, ''ACS Omega'', an interdisciplinary [[mega journal]], launched in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/As-an-Open-Access-Megajournal/234890|title=As an Open-Access Megajournal Cedes Some Ground, a Movement Gathers Steam|last=Basken|first=Paul|date=January 13, 2016|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|issn=0009-5982|access-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bohne|first1=Cornelia|last2=Liz-Marzán|first2=Luis M.|author-link2=Luis Liz-Marzán|last3=Ganesh|first3=Krishna N.|last4=Zhang|first4=Deqing|date=July 31, 2016|title=Chemistry, From Alpha to Omega, Open to All|journal=ACS Omega|volume=1|issue=1|page=1|doi=10.1021/acsomega.6b00103|pmid=31457111|pmc=6640727|issn=2470-1343}}</ref> In December 2020, the ACS launched a series of 9 open access journals under the name ''ACS Au'' (chemical symbol for gold) which include
''ACS Bio & Med Chem Au'',
''ACS Engineering Au'',
''ACS Environmental Au'',
''ACS Materials Au'',
''ACS Measurement Science Au'',
''ACS Nanoscience Au'',
''ACS Organic & Inorganic Au'',
''ACS Physical Chem Au'' and
''ACS Polymers Au''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://axial.acs.org/2020/12/07/acs-au/|title = Announcing ACS Au, a Suite of Global Open Access Journals|date = December 7, 2020}}</ref>

==== Databases ====
In 2005, the ACS was criticized for opposing the creation of [[PubChem]], which is an [[Open access (publishing)|open access]] [[chemical database]] developed by the NIH's [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]]. The ACS raised concerns that the publicly supported PubChem database would duplicate and unfairly compete with their existing fee-based [[Chemical Abstracts Service]] and argued that the database should only present data created by the Molecular Libraries Screening Center initiative of the NIH.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Kaiser|first=Jocelyn|date=May 6, 2005|title=Chemists Want NIH to Curtail Database|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/308/5723/774a|journal=Science|volume=308|issue=5723|page=774|doi=10.1126/science.308.5723.774a|issn=0036-8075|pmid=15879180|s2cid=166918466|access-date=June 12, 2010|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://groups.lis.illinois.edu/guest_lectures/Murray-Rust/resources/pubchemacs/acscas_statement.pdf|title=American Chemical Society (ACS) and PubChem|date=May 23, 2005|publisher=American Chemical Society|access-date=June 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011105059/http://groups.lis.illinois.edu/guest_lectures/Murray-Rust/resources/pubchemacs/acscas_statement.pdf|archive-date=October 11, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The ACS lobbied members of the [[US Congress|United States Congress]] to rein in PubChem<ref name=":7">David Kestenbaum, [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4700306 "Chemical Society: NIH Database  Hurts Business"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125204259/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4700306 |date=November 25, 2018 }}, ''All Things Considered'', June 12, 2005.</ref><ref name="Marris2">{{cite journal|date=June 9, 2005|title=Chemistry Society goes head to head with NIH in fight over public database|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/435718a.epdf?referrer_access_token=ZtqdK3M0nZlLDVwH2bJ_PdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0PpzJ5wGRUPU5wSuFC9R5vPonrKgEz0vhuEtbW8wYn075iA1IG1c-qUQuQam_LCWoGHmEHvH92hOSMzvw_Ma17OEGVOqqC4WwKLu6Cql_GMtYEivcr5p4BgkmCx0h_s1dmOwW3EWA__FqAziROMb88wWrIei36HHs9U39mT9BnOeu-KPwAnw0nhUW4mNXAw5D4%3D&tracking_referrer=www.nature.com|journal=Nature|volume=435|issue=7043|pages=718–19|last1=Marris|first1=Emma|access-date=January 29, 2016|doi=10.1038/435718a|pmid=15944657|bibcode=2005Natur.435..718M|doi-access=free}}</ref> and hired outside lobbying firms to try to persuade congressional members, the NIH, and the [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) against establishing a publicly funded database.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/open-access-to-science-un/|title=Open Access to Science Under Attack|last=Biello|first=David|magazine=Scientific American|date=January 26, 2007|access-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref> The ACS was unsuccessful, and as of 2012 PubChem is the world's largest free chemical database.<ref name="Noorden2">{{cite journal|date=March 27, 2012|title=Chemistry's web of data expands|journal=Nature|volume=483|issue=7391|pages=524|last1=Noorden|first1=Richard Van|doi=10.1038/483524a|pmid=22460877|bibcode=2012Natur.483..524V|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The ACS is also the only provider of a major scientific publication database ([[SciFinder]]) that imposes a restriction on the number of records that can be exported. None of the competing products, such as [[Web of Science]] (owned by [[Clarivate]]), [[Scopus]] (owned by [[Elsevier]]) and [[The Lens]] (owned by [[Cambia (non-profit organization)|Cambia]]) has similar restrictions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Jie |date=25 August 2010 |title=Citation Analysis: Comparison of Web of Science®, Scopus™, SciFinder®, and Google Scholar |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15424065.2010.505518 |journal=Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=196–217 |doi=10.1080/15424065.2010.505518 |s2cid=62564372 |via=Taylor & Francis Online|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Litigations ===
The ACS has been involved in numerous lawsuits regarding access to its databases, trademark rights, and copyrighted material. In many of these cases, the ACS lost or ended up with an unenforceable judgement. These include:

* [[Dialog (online database)|''Dialog'']] ''v. American Chemical Society'', a suit claiming antitrust violations in access to ACS databases, settled out of court in 1993;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-9223458/dialog-and-the-american-chemical-society-play-a-high|title="DIALOG and the American Chemical Society Play a High Stakes Game" by O'Leary, Mick&nbsp;– Online, Vol. 15, Issue 1, January 1991|access-date=|archive-date=February 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092443/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-9223458/dialog-and-the-american-chemical-society-play-a-high|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/11311/title/Lawsuits-Threaten-ACS--Nonprofit-Status--Financial-Health/|title=Lawsuits Threaten ACS' Nonprofit Status, Financial Health {{!}} The Scientist Magazine|website=The Scientist|access-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Leary |first=Mick |date=1991 |title=Dialog and the American Chemical Society Play a High Stakes Game |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ420367 |journal=Online |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=15–20 |issn=0146-5422|via=Education Resources Information Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaughan|first=Chris |title=Learned society faces multimillion-dollar courtroom battle |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12717330-800-learned-society-faces-multimillion-dollar-courtroom-battle/|website=New Scientist |language=en-US|date=8 September 1990}}</ref>
*''American Chemical Society v. Google'', a suit claiming trademark violation, settled out of court in 2006;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/23209/title/ACS-sues-Google-over-Scholar/|title=ACS sues Google over Scholar {{!}} The Scientist Magazine|website=The Scientist|access-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-Scholar-trademark-case-ends/2100-1025_3-6096240.html|title=Google Scholar trademark case ends|last=McCullagh|first=Declan|date=July 19, 2006|publisher=CNET News|access-date=June 12, 2010}}</ref>
*''American Chemical Society v. Leadscope'', a suit alleging stolen trade secrets, concluded in 2012 with ACS losing its trade secrets claim and Leadscope losing its counterclaim of defamation;<ref name="DeMartini2">{{cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2008/03/28/LEADSCOPE.ART_ART_03-28-08_C12_HF9P1EG.html|title=Chemical Society loses lawsuit Scientists awarded $27&nbsp;million in trade dispute|date=March 28, 2008|work=The Columbus Dispatch|last1=DeMartini|first1=Alayna|access-date=January 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Reich2">{{cite journal|date=September 26, 2012|title=Chemical society tried to block business competitor|journal=Nature|volume=489|issue=7417|pages=482–483|last1=Reich|first1=Eugenie Samuel|doi=10.1038/489482a|pmid=23018941|bibcode=2012Natur.489..482S|s2cid=205074110|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Derek |date=September 19, 2012 |title=The American Chemical Society's Lawsuit Problem |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/american-chemical-society-s-lawsuit-problem |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=Science}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Trager |first=Rebecca |date=September 20, 2012 |title=US chemical society loses legal battle |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/us-chemical-society-loses-legal-battle/5457.article |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Chemistry World |language=en}}</ref>
*A suit against [[ResearchGate]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Sneha |date=October 12, 2017 |title=Elsevier and American Chemical Society sue ResearchGate for copyright infringement |url=https://www.editage.com/insights/elsevier-and-american-chemical-society-sue-researchgate-for-copyright-infringement/1507812693}}</ref> where a German court refused to award monetary compensation to the ACS and [[Elsevier]];
*A suit against [[Sci-Hub]], which resulted in a non-enforceable judgement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kemsley |first=Jyllian |date=September 6, 2017 |title=American Chemical Society seeks judgment against Sci-Hub |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i36/American-Chemical-Society-seeks-judgment-against-Sci-Hub.html}}</ref>

The ACS was also found guilty in several lawsuits brought against the Society by its employees.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230120155641/https://casetext.com/case/passer-v-american-chemical-soc-3 casetext.com] https://www.law.com/radar/card/doyle-v-american-chemical-society-45798404-r/</ref>

=== Executive compensation ===
In 2004, a group of ACS members criticized the compensation of former executive director and chief executive officer John Crum, whose total salary, expenses, and bonuses for 2002 was reported to be $767,834.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Chemical-Society-Draws-Fire/10895|title=Chemical Society Draws Fire for Leader's High Pay|last=Jacobson|first=Jennifer|date=September 3, 2004|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|issn=0009-5982|access-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref> The ACS defended the figure, saying that it was in line with that of comparable organizations, including for-profit publishers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brumfiel|first=Geoff|date=August 26, 2004|title=Director's salary makes chemists see red|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=7003|pages=957–57|doi=10.1038/430957a|issn=0028-0836|pmid=15329687|bibcode=2004Natur.430..957B|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{As of|2016}}, two employees were reported to have a total compensation exceeding $900,000, while 694 had a compensation exceeding $100,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/aboutacs/financial/2016-form-990.pdf|title=2016 IRS Form 990|author=ACS|page=8|date=November 13, 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[Reagent Chemicals]]'' (''Reagent ACS''), standards of [[chemical purity]]
* [[ACS style]], the ACS's [[citation]] standard
* [[Association for Learned and Professional Society Publishers]]
* [[Chemical Abstracts Service]]
* [[List of learned societies]]
* [[List of international professional associations]]
* [[National Chemistry Week]]
* [[National Historic Chemical Landmarks]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=Chemistry... Key to Better Living. Diamond Jubilee Volume: A Record of Chemical Progress During the First 75 Years of the American Chemical Society|date=1951|publisher=American Chemical Society}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Skolnik|editor1-first=Herman|editor2-last=Reese|editor2-first=Kenneth M.|title=A Century of chemistry: the role of chemists and the American Chemical Society|date=1976|publisher=American Chemical Society|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0841203075|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/centuryofchemist0000unse}}
* J. J. Bohning 2001. ''American Chemical Society Founded 1876.'' ACS, Washington, D.C.
* {{Cite book|title = The American Chemical Society at 125: A recent history 1976–2001|publisher = American Chemical Society|year = 2002|isbn = 978-0-8412-3851-0|editor-last = Reese|editor-first = Kenneth M.}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [//www.acs.org ACS website]
* [http://pubs.acs.org ACS Publications website]
* [http://pubs.acs.org/cen ACS Chemical & Engineering News]
* [http://www.cas.org ACS Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008032346/http://www.chemistry2011.org/ International Year of Chemistry 2011](archived)
* [http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb050606-1.shtml A Cauldron Bubbles: PubChem and the American Chemical Society] — ''Information Today'', June 2005
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070810030827/http://community.acs.org/journals/acbcct/cs/WIKI/tabid/54/Default.aspx ACS Chemical Biology WIKI](archived)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120729202551/http://community.acs.org/ ACS Chemical Biology Community](archived)
* [https://www.acs.org/greenchemistry.html ACS Green Chemistry Institute]
* [https://organicdivision.org/ ACS Organic Division]
** [https://organicdivision.org/leete Leete Award]
** [https://organicdivision.org/gassman Gassman Award]

=== Archives ===
* [http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=AmericanChemicalSocietyPugetSoundSection1947.xml American Chemical Society Puget Sound Section Records]. 1909–1989. 11.9 cubic feet plus 10 vertical files and 7 items. At the [http://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/ University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections].

{{Presidents of the American Chemical Society}}
{{Chemistry societies}}
{{American Chemical Society Journals}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:American Chemical Society| ]]
[[Category:Green chemistry]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1876]]
[[Category:Learned societies of the United States]]
[[Category:Patriotic and national organizations chartered by the United States Congress]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Academic publishing companies]]