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{{Short description|Scottish author and critic (1844–1912)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name        = Andrew Lang
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FBA|size=100%}}
| image       = Andrew Lang.jpg
| caption     = Lang in 1888
| pseudonym   = 
| birth_date  = {{birth date|df=yes|1844|3|31}}
| birth_place = [[Selkirk, Scottish Borders|Selkirk]], [[Selkirkshire]], Scotland
| death_date  = {{death date and age|df=yes|1912|7|20|1844|3|31}}
| death_place = [[Banchory]], [[Aberdeenshire]], Scotland
| alma_mater  = {{unbulleted list | [[University of St Andrews]] | [[Balliol College, Oxford]]}}
| occupation  = {{hlist | Poet | novelist | literary critic | anthropologist}}
| period      = 19th century
| genre       = Children's literature
| subject     = 
| movement    = 
| influences  = 
| influenced  = 
| spouse      = {{marriage|[[Leonora Blanche Lang]]|1875}}
| signature   = 
}}
'''Andrew Lang''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FBA}} (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist, [[literary critic]], and contributor to the field of [[anthropology]]. He is best known as a [[folkloristics|collector]] of [[folklore|folk]] and [[fairy tales]]. The [[Andrew Lang lecture]]s at the [[University of St Andrews]] are named after him.

== Life and career ==
Lang was born in 1844 in [[Selkirk, Scottish Borders]]. He was the eldest of the eight children born to John Lang, the town clerk of Selkirk, and his wife Jane Plenderleath Sellar, who was the daughter of [[Patrick Sellar]], [[factor (Scotland)|factor]] to the first [[George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland|Duke of Sutherland]]. On 17 April 1875, he married [[Leonora Blanche Lang]], youngest daughter of C.&nbsp;T. Alleyne of Clifton and Barbados. She was (or should have been) variously credited as author, collaborator, or translator of ''[[Andrew Lang's Fairy Books|Lang's Colour/Rainbow Fairy Books]]'' which he edited.<ref name=Yellow>{{cite book|last=Lang|first=Leonora Blanche Lang|title=The Yellow Fairy Book|year=1894|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|page=1|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28314|editor=Andrew Lang|access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref>

He was educated at Selkirk Grammar School, [[Loretto School]], and the [[Edinburgh Academy]], as well as the [[University of St Andrews]] and [[Balliol College, Oxford]], where he took a first class in the final classical schools in 1868, becoming a fellow and subsequently honorary fellow of [[Merton College, Oxford|Merton College]].<ref name="MCreg">{{cite book|editor1-last=Levens|editor1-first=R.G.C.|title=Merton College Register 1900–1964|date=1964|publisher=Basil Blackwell|location=Oxford|page=6}}</ref> He soon made a reputation as one of the most able and versatile writers of the day as a journalist, poet, critic, and historian.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Lang, Andrew|volume=16|page=171}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Order of the White Rose (1886–1915)|Order of the White Rose]], a [[Neo-Jacobite Revival|Neo-Jacobite]] society which attracted many writers and artists in the 1890s and 1900s.<ref name=Pittock2014>{{cite book |first=Murray G. H. |last=Pittock |title=The Invention of Scotland: The Stuart Myth and the Scottish Identity, 1638 to the Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmoKBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT116 |date=17 July 2014 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-60525-6 |pages=116–117}}</ref> On 6 December 1888, Lang was elected president of [[The Folklore Society]] following the resignation of [[George Byng, 3rd Earl of Strafford]] from the position.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8MoCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA35 |title=The Antiquary: A Magazine Devoted to the Study of the Past |date=1889 |publisher=E. Stock |language=en}}</ref> In 1906, he was elected [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=LANG, Andrew|journal=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|page=1016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1016}}</ref>

He died of [[angina pectoris]] on 20 July 1912 at the Tor-na-Coille Hotel in [[Banchory]], survived by his wife. He was buried in the cathedral precincts at St Andrews, where a monument can be visited in the southeast corner of the 19th-century section.

== Scholarship ==

=== Folklore and anthropology ===
[[File:Rumpelstiltskin.jpg|thumb|"[[Rumpelstiltskin]]", by [[Henry Justice Ford]] from Lang's ''Fairy Tales'']]

Lang is now chiefly known for his publications on [[folklore]], [[mythology]], and [[religion]]. The interest in folklore was from early life; he read [[John Ferguson McLennan]] before coming to Oxford, and then was influenced by [[E. B. Tylor]].<ref>[[John Wyon Burrow]], ''Evolution and Society: a study in Victorian social theory'' (1966), p. 237; [https://books.google.com/books?id=OUM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA237 Google Books].</ref>

The earliest of his publications is ''Custom and Myth'' (1884). In ''[[s:Myth, Ritual, and Religion (Volume 1).djvu|Myth, Ritual and Religion]]'' (1887) he explained the "irrational" elements of mythology as survivals from more primitive forms. Lang's ''Making of Religion'' was heavily influenced by the 18th-century idea of the "[[noble savage]]": in it, he maintained the existence of high spiritual ideas among so-called "savage" races, drawing parallels with the contemporary interest in occult phenomena in England.<ref name="EB1911"/> His ''[[The Blue Fairy Book|Blue Fairy Book]]'' (1889) was an illustrated edition of [[fairy tale]]s that has become a classic. This was followed by many other collections of fairy tales, collectively known as [[Andrew Lang's Fairy Books]] despite most of the work for them being done by his wife [[Leonora Blanche Lang]] and a team of assistants.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Day|first=Andrea|date=2017-09-19|title="Almost wholly the work of Mrs. Lang": Nora Lang, Literary Labour, and the Fairy Books|journal=Women's Writing|volume=26|issue=4|pages=400–420|url=https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1080%252F09699082.2017.1371938|doi=10.1080/09699082.2017.1371938|s2cid=164414996|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OwTHBQAAQBAJ&q=Lang&pg=PT161|title=The Role of Translators in Children's Literature: Invisible Storytellers|last=Lathey|first=Gillian|date=2010-09-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136925740|language=en}}</ref> In the preface of the Lilac Fairy Book he credits his wife with translating and transcribing most of the stories in the collections.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3454 |title=The Lilac Fairy Book by Andrew Lang|via=Project Gutenberg|date=9 February 2009 |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> Lang examined the origins of [[totemism]] in ''Social Origins'' (1903).

=== Psychical research ===
Lang was one of the founders of "[[Parapsychology|psychical research]]" and his other writings on [[anthropology]] include ''The Book of Dreams and Ghosts'' (1897), ''Magic and Religion'' (1901) and ''The Secret of the Totem'' (1905).<ref name="EB1911"/> He served as president of the [[Society for Psychical Research]] in 1911.<ref>[[Ivor Grattan-Guinness|Grattan-Guinness, Ivor]]. (1982). ''Psychical Research: A Guide to Its History, Principles and Practices: In Celebration of 100 Years of the Society for Psychical Research''. Aquarian Press. p. 123. {{ISBN|0-85030-316-8}}</ref>

Lang extensively cited nineteenth- and twentieth-century European [[Spiritualism (movement)|spiritualism]] to challenge the idea of his teacher, Tylor, that belief in spirits and [[animism]] were inherently irrational. Lang used Tylor's work and his own psychical research in an effort to posit an anthropological critique of [[materialism]].<ref>{{Cite book | last = Josephson-Storm | first = Jason | title = The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | date = 2017 |page = 101 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xZ5yDgAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-0-226-40336-6 }}</ref> Andrew Lang fiercely debated with his Folklore Society colleague Edward Clodd over 'Psycho-folklore,' a strand of the discipline which aimed to connect folklore with psychical research.<ref>Bihet, Francesca (2019) Late-Victorian Folklore Studies and Fairy-Lore. In: Betwixt and Between, 18–19 May 2019, Museum of Witchcraft and Magic, Boscastle. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/4685/</ref>

=== Classical scholarship ===
{{see also|English translations of Homer#Lang}}
He collaborated with [[Samuel Henry Butcher|S.&nbsp;H. Butcher]] in a prose translation (1879) of [[Homer]]'s ''[[Odyssey]]'', and with [[Ernest Myers (author)|E. Myers]] and [[Walter Leaf]] in a prose version (1883) of the ''[[Iliad]]'', both still noted for their archaic but attractive style. He was a [[Homeric scholarship|Homeric scholar]] of conservative views.<ref name="EB1911"/> Other works include ''Homer and the Study of Greek'' found in ''Essays in Little'' (1891); ''Homer and the Epic'' (1893); a prose translation of ''The Homeric Hymns'' (1899), with literary and mythological essays in which he draws parallels between Greek myths and other mythologies; ''Homer and His Age'' (1906); and "Homer and Anthropology" (1908).<ref>Andrew Lang, "Homer and Anthropology," in ''Homer and the Classics: Six Lectures Delivered before the University of Oxford by Arthur J. Evans, Andrew Lang, Gilbert Murray, F.B. Jevons, J.L. Myres, and W. Warde Fowler,'' ed. R.R. Marett, 44-65 (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1908).</ref>

=== Historian ===
[[File:Portrait of Andrew Lang.jpg|thumb|right|Andrew Lang at work]]
Lang's writings on Scottish history are characterised by a scholarly care for detail, a piquant literary style, and a gift for disentangling complicated questions. ''The Mystery of Mary Stuart'' (1901) was a consideration of the fresh light thrown on [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], by the Lennox manuscripts in the University Library, [[university of Cambridge|Cambridge]], approving of her and criticising her accusers.<ref name="EB1911"/>

He also wrote monographs on ''The Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart'' (1906) and ''[[James VI of Scotland|James VI]] and the Gowrie Mystery'' (1902). The somewhat unfavourable view of [[John Knox]] presented in his book ''John Knox and the Reformation'' (1905) aroused considerable controversy. He gave new information about the continental career of the [[Charles Edward Stuart|Young Pretender]] in ''Pickle the Spy'' (1897), an account of [[Alastair Ruadh MacDonnell]], whom he identified with Pickle, a notorious Hanoverian spy. This was followed by ''The Companions of Pickle'' (1898) and a monograph on Prince Charles Edward (1900). In 1900 he began a ''History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation'' (1900). ''The Valet's Tragedy'' (1903), which takes its title from an essay on [[Alexandre Dumas, père|Dumas]]'s ''[[The Vicomte de Bragelonne|Man in the Iron Mask]]'', collects twelve papers on historical mysteries, and ''A Monk of Fife'' (1896) is a fictitious narrative purporting to be written by a young Scot in France in 1429–1431.<ref name="EB1911"/>

=== Other writings ===
Lang's earliest publication was a volume of metrical experiments, ''The Ballads and Lyrics of Old France'' (1872), and this was followed at intervals by other volumes of dainty verse: ''Ballades in Blue China'' (1880, enlarged edition, 1888); ''Ballads and Verses Vain'' (1884), selected by Mr [[Henry Austin Dobson|Austin Dobson]]; ''Rhymes à la Mode'' (1884); ''Grass of Parnassus'' (1888); ''Ban and Arrière Ban'' (1894); and ''New Collected Rhymes'' (1905).<ref name="EB1911"/> His 1890 collection, ''Old Friends: Essays in Epistolary Parody'', contains letters combining characters from different sources, in what is now known as a [[Crossover (fiction)|crossover]], including one based on [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Northanger Abbey]]'' and [[Charlotte Brontë]]'s ''[[Jane Eyre]]''—an early example of a published derivative work based on Austen.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sarah Glosson |title=Performing Jane: A Cultural History of Jane Austen Fandom |publisher=[[Louisiana State University Press]] |year=2020 |pages=49–51 |isbn=9780807173350}} [[Project MUSE]] [https://muse.jhu.edu/book/76001 76001]</ref>

Lang was active as a journalist in various ways, ranging from sparkling "leaders" for the ''Daily News'' to miscellaneous articles for the ''Morning Post'', and for many years he was literary editor of ''[[Longman's Magazine]]''; no critic was in more request, whether for occasional articles and introductions to new editions or as editor of dainty reprints.<ref name="EB1911"/>

He edited ''The Poems and Songs of [[Robert Burns]]'' (1896), and was responsible for the ''Life and Letters'' (1897) of [[John Gibson Lockhart|JG Lockhart]], and ''The Life, Letters and Diaries'' (1890) of [[Stafford Henry Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh|Sir Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh]]. Lang discussed literary subjects with the same humour and acidity that marked his criticism of fellow folklorists, in ''Books and Bookmen'' (1886), ''Letters to Dead Authors'' (1886), ''Letters on Literature'' (1889), etc.<ref name="EB1911"/>

== Works ==

=== To 1884 ===
[[File:Andrew Lang 1 Marloes Road blue plaque.jpg|thumb|Blue plaque, 1 Marloes Road, Kensington, London]]
[[File:Richard Doyle - Spurned Suitor.jpg|thumb|The prince thanking the [[Water sprite|Water Fairy]], image from ''[[The Princess Nobody]]'' (1884), illustrated by [[Richard Doyle (illustrator)|Richard Doyle]], engraved and coloured by [[Edmund Evans]]]]

* ''St Leonards Magazine''. 1863. This was a reprint of several articles that appeared in the St Leonards Magazine that Lang edited at St Andrews University. Includes the following Lang contributions: Pages 10–13, ''Dawgley Manor; A sentimental burlesque''; Pages 25–26, ''Nugae Catulus''; Pages 27–30, ''Popular Philosophies''; pages 43–50 are '''Papers by Eminent Contributors''', seven short parodies of which six are by Lang.
* ''The Ballads and Lyrics of Old France'' (1872)
* ''The Odyssey of Homer Rendered into English Prose'' (1879) translator with [[Samuel Henry Butcher]]
* ''Aristotle's Politics Books I. III. IV. (VII.). The Text of Bekker. With an English translation by W. E. Bolland. Together with short introductory essays by A. Lang'' To page 106 are Lang's Essays, pp.&nbsp;107–305 are the translation. Lang's essays without the translated text were later published as The Politics of Aristotle. Introductory Essays. 1886.
* ''The Folklore of France'' (1878)
* ''Specimens of a Translation of Theocritus''. 1879. This was an advance issue of extracts from '''Theocritus, Bion and Moschus rendered into English prose'''
* ''XXXII Ballades in Blue China'' (1880)
* ''Oxford. Brief historical & descriptive notes'' (1880).  The 1915 edition of this work was illustrated by painter [[George Francis Carline]].<ref>Waters, Grant M.. ''Dictionary of British Artists, Working 1900–1950'', (Eastbourne Fine Art, Eastbourne, 1975), p. 59</ref>
*  ''Theocritus Bion and Moschus. Rendered into English Prose with an Introductory Essay.'' 1880.
* ''Notes by Mr A. Lang on a collection of pictures by Mr J. E. Millais R.A. exhibited at the Fine Arts Society Rooms. 148 New Bond Street.'' 1881.
* ''[[The Library (book)|The Library: with a chapter on modern illustrated books]].'' 1881.
* ''The Black Thief.  A new and original drama (Adapted from the Irish) in four acts.'' (1882)
* ''Helen of Troy, her life and translation. Done into rhyme from the Greek books.'' 1882.
* ''The Most Pleasant and Delectable Tale of the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche'' (1882) with [[William Aldington]]
* ''The Iliad of Homer, a prose translation'' (1883) with [[Walter Leaf]] and [[Ernest Myers (author)|Ernest Myers]]
* ''Custom and Myth'' (1884)
* ''[[The Princess Nobody: A Tale of Fairyland]]'' (1884)
* ''Ballads and Verses Vain'' (1884) selected by [[Austin Dobson]]
* ''Rhymes à la Mode'' (1884)
* ''Much Darker Days. By A. Huge Longway.'' (1884)
* ''Household tales; their origin, diffusion, and relations to the higher myths.'' [1884]. Separate pre-publication issue of the "introduction" to Bohn's edition of Grimm's Household tales.

=== 1885–1889 ===
* ''That Very Mab'' (1885) with May Kendall
* [https://archive.org/details/booksandbookmen00langiala ''Books and Bookmen''] (1886)
* ''Letters to Dead Authors'' (1886)
* ''In the Wrong Paradise'' (1886) stories
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=1LUhAAAAMAAJ ''The Mark of Cain''] (1886) novel
* ''Lines on the inaugural meeting of the Shelley Society.'' Reprinted for private distribution from the Saturday Review of 13 March 1886 and edited by Thomas Wise (1886)
* ''La Mythologie Traduit de L'Anglais par Léon Léon Parmentier. Avec une préface par Charles Michel et des Additions de l'auteur. '' (1886) Never published as a complete book in English, although there was a Polish translation. The first 170 pages is a translation of the article in the 'Encyclopædia Britannica'. The rest is a combination of articles and material from 'Custom and Myth'.
* ''Almae matres'' (1887)
* ''He'' (1887 with [[Walter Herries Pollock]]) parody
* ''[[Aucassin et Nicolette|Aucassin and Nicolette]]'' (1887)
* ''[[s:Myth, Ritual, and Religion|Myth, Ritual and Religion]]''  (2 vols., 1887)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of '' Myth, Ritual, and Religion'' by Andrew Lang, 2 vols. |journal=The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art|date=November 5, 1887|volume=64|issue=1671|pages=640–641|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Xc_AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA640}}</ref>
* ''Johnny Nut and the Golden Goose''. Done into English from the French of [[Charles Deulin]] (1887)
* ''Grass of Parnassus. Rhymes old and new''. (1888)
* ''Perrault's Popular Tales'' (1888)
* ''Gold of Fairnilee'' (1888)
* ''Pictures at Play or Dialogues of the Galleries'' (1888) with [[W. E. Henley]]
* ''[[Prince Prigio]]'' (1889)
* ''[[The Blue Fairy Book]]'' (1889) (illustrations by [[Henry Justice Ford|Henry J. Ford]])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jrw-AAAAYAAJ ''Letters on Literature''] (1889)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=yt8RAAAAYAAJ ''Lost Leaders''] (1889)
* ''Ode to Golf'' and ''Ballade of the Royal Game of Golf''. Contribution to '''On the Links; being Golfing Stories by various hands''' (1889)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=lPd9AAAAIAAJ ''The Dead Leman and other tales from the French''] (1889) translator with [[Paul Sylvester]]

=== 1890–1899 ===
[[File:Andrew lang, the arabian nights entertainments, longman green & co., londra 1898 (gabinetto vieusseux).jpg|thumb|''The Arabian Nights Entertainments'', Longman Green & co., London 1898]]
* ''[[The Red Fairy Book]]'' (1890)
* ''[[The World's Desire]]'' (1890) with [[H. Rider Haggard]]
* ''Old Friends: Essays in Epistolary Parody'' (1890)
* ''The Strife of Love in a Dream, Being the Elizabethan Version of the First Book of the Hypnerotomachia of Francesco Colonna'' (1890)
* ''The Life, Letters and Diaries of Sir Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh'' (1890)
* ''[[Etudes traditionnistes]]'' (1890)
* ''How to Fail in Literature'' (1890)
* ''The Blue Poetry Book'' (1891)
* ''Essays in Little'' (1891)
* ''On Calais Sands'' (1891)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=8u8PAAAAYAAJ ''Angling Sketches''] (1891)
* ''[[The Green Fairy Book]]'' (1892)
* ''The Library with a Chapter on Modern English Illustrated Books'' (1892) with [[Austin Dobson]]
* ''William Young Sellar'' (1892)
* [https://archive.org/details/truestorybook01langgoog/page/n9/mode/2up ''The True Story Book''] (1893)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6VfAAAAMAAJ ''Homer and the Epic''] (1893)
* ''Prince Ricardo of Pantouflia'' (1893)
* ''Waverley Novels'' (by Walter Scott), 48 volumes (1893) editor
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=iTgFAAAAYAAJ ''St. Andrews''] (1893)
* ''Montezuma's Daughter'' (1893) with [[H. Rider Haggard]]
* ''[[Kirk's Secret Commonwealth]]'' (1893)
* ''The Tercentenary of Izaak Walton'' (1893)
* ''[[The Yellow Fairy Book]]'' (1894)
* ''Ban and Arrière Ban'' (1894)
* ''Cock Lane and Common-Sense'' (1894)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIc6AQAAMAAJ ''Memoir of R. F. Murray''] (1894)
* ''The Red True Story Book'' (1895)
* ''My Own Fairy Book'' (1895)
* ''A Monk of Fife'' (1895)
* ''The Voices of Jeanne D'Arc'' (1895)
* ''The Animal Story Book'' (1896)
* ''The Poems and Songs of Robert Burns'' (1896) editor
* ''The Life and Letters of [[John Gibson Lockhart]]'' (1896) two volumes
* ''Pickle the Spy; or the Incognito of Charles,'' (1897)
* ''The Nursery Rhyme Book'' (1897)
* ''The Miracles of Madame Saint Katherine of Fierbois'' (1897) translator
* ''[[The Pink Fairy Book]]'' (1897)
* ''A Book of Dreams and Ghosts'' (1897)
* ''Pickle the Spy'' (1897)
* {{cite book |title= Modern Mythology |year= 1897 |place= London |publisher= Longmans, Green, and Co. |access-date= 20 February 2019 |url= https://archive.org/details/modernmythology00inlang/page/n8 |via= Internet Archive}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=CNcWC8mLcPsC ''The Companions of Pickle''] (1898)
* ''[[The Arabian Nights]] Entertainments'' (1898)
* ''The Making of Religion'' (1898)
* ''Selections from Coleridge'' (1898)
* ''Waiting on the Glesca Train'' (1898)
* ''The Red Book of Animal Stories'' (1899)
* ''Parson Kelly'' (1899) Co-written with [[A. E. W. Mason]]
* ''The Homeric Hymns ''(1899) translator
* ''The Works of Charles Dickens in Thirty-four Volumes'' (1899) editor

=== 1900–1909 ===
* ''[[The Grey Fairy Book]]'' (1900)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=FmogAQAAMAAJ ''Prince Charles Edward''] (1900)
* [https://archive.org/details/parsonkelly00maso ''Parson Kelly''] (1900)
* ''The Poems and Ballads of Sir Walter Scott, Bart'' (1900) editor
* [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007689823 ''A History of Scotland – From the Roman Occupation''] (1900–1907) four volumes<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of vol. I of ''A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation'' by Andrew Lang|journal=The Athenæum|date=21 April 1900|issue= 3782|pages=487–488|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWwvAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA487|last1=Buckingham|first1=James Silk|last2=Sterling|first2=John|last3=Maurice|first3=Frederick Denison|last4=Stebbing|first4=Henry|last5=Dilke|first5=Charles Wentworth|last6=Hervey|first6=Thomas Kibble|last7=Dixon|first7=William Hepworth|last8=MacColl|first8=Norman|last9=Rendall|first9=Vernon Horace|last10=Murry|first10=John Middleton}}</ref>
* ''Notes and Names in Books'' (1900)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=zrAqAAAAMAAJ ''Alfred Tennyson''] (1901)
* ''Magic and Religion'' (1901)
* ''Adventures Among Books'' (1901)
* ''[[The Crimson Fairy Book]]'' (1903)
* ''The Mystery of Mary Stuart'' (1901, new and revised ed., 1904)
* ''[[The_Langs'_Fairy_Books#The_Book_of_Romance_(1902)|The Book of Romance]]'' (1902) – contains stories about King Arthur, Charlemagne, William of Orange, and Robin Hood, adapted for children.   
* ''The Disentanglers'' (1902)
* ''James VI and the Gowrie Mystery'' (1902)
* ''Notre-Dame of Paris'' (1902) translator
* ''The Young Ruthvens'' (1902)
* ''The Gowrie Conspiracy: the Confessions of Sprott'' (1902) editor
* ''[[The Violet Fairy Book]]'' (1901)
* ''Lyrics'' (1903)
* ''Social England Illustrated'' (1903) editor
* ''The Story of the Golden Fleece'' (1903)
* ''The Valet's Tragedy'' (1903)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NXZDAAAAIAAJ ''Social Origins''] (1903) with ''Primal Law'' by [[James Jasper Atkinson]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''Social Origins'' by Andrew Lang—''Primal Law'' by J. J. Atkinson|journal=The Athenaeum|issue=3947|date=June 20, 1903|pages=775–776|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKA5AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA775}}</ref>
* ''The Snowman and Other Fairy Stories'' (1903)
* ''Stella Fregelius: A Tale of Three Destinies'' (1903) with [[H. Rider Haggard]]
* ''[[The Brown Fairy Book]]'' (1904)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=mJlmAAAAMAAJ ''Historical Mysteries''] (1904)
* ''The Secret of the Totem'' (1905)
* ''New Collected Rhymes'' (1905)
* ''John Knox and the Reformation'' (1905)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=GjkpAQAAIAAJ ''The Puzzle of Dickens's Last Plot''] (1905)
* ''The Clyde Mystery. A Study in Forgeries and Folklore'' (1905)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=HMZO5Cqn8RQC ''Adventures among Books''] (1905)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=pqhfAAAAMAAJ ''Homer and His Age''] (1906)
* ''[[The Red Romance Book]]'' (1906)
* ''[[The Orange Fairy Book]]'' (1906)
* ''The Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart'' (1906)
* ''Life of Sir Walter Scott'' (1906)
* ''The Story of Joan of Arc''<ref>The Story of Joan of Arc — The Maid of Orleans. By Andrew Lang. Pictures by [[John Jellicoe (illustrator)|John Jellicoe]]. [[McLoughlin Brothers]], New York, 1906. — 97 p. Online: [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/48470/48470-h/48470-h.htm 1], [[Project Gutenberg]]; [https://archive.org/details/storyofjoanofarc00lang/page/n6/mode/2up 2], [[Internet Archive]]</ref> (1906)
* ''New and Old Letters to Dead Authors'' (1906)
* ''Tales of a Fairy Court'' (1907)
* ''[[The Olive Fairy Book]]'' (1907)
* ''Poets' Country'' (1907) editor, with [[Churton Collins]], [[W. J. Loftie]], [[E. Hartley Coleridge]], [[Michael Macmillan]]
* ''The King over the Water'' (1907)
* ''Tales of Troy and Greece'' (1907)
* ''The Origins of Religion'' (1908) essays
* ''The Book of Princes and Princesses'' (1908)
* ''Origins of Terms of Human Relationships'' (1908)
* ''Select Poems of [[Jean Ingelow]]'' (1908) editor
* ''The Maid of France, being the story of the life and death of Jeanne d'Arc'' (1908)
* ''Three Poets of French Bohemia'' (1908)
* ''The Red Book of Heroes'' (1909)
* ''The Marvellous Musician and Other Stories'' (1909)
* ''Sir George Mackenzie King's Advocate, of Rosehaugh, His Life and Times'' (1909)

=== 1910–1912 ===
* ''[[The Lilac Fairy Book]]'' (1910)
* ''Does Ridicule Kill?'' (1910)
* ''Sir Walter Scott and the Border Minstrelsy'' (1910)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=f6ZfAAAAMAAJ ''The World of Homer''] (1910)
* ''The All Sorts of Stories Book'' (1911)
* ''Ballades and Rhymes'' (1911)
* ''Method in the Study of Totemism'' (1911)
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/15955/pg15955-images.html ''A Short History of Scotland''] (1911)
* ''The Book of Saints and Heroes'' (1912)
* ''Shakespeare, Bacon and the Great Unknown'' (1912)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=AAMv3t5g6YkC ''A History of English Literature''] (1912)
* ''In Praise of Frugality'' (1912)
* ''Ode on a Distant Memory of Jane Eyre'' (1912)
* ''Ode to the Opening Century'' (1912)

=== Posthumous ===
* ''Highways and Byways in The Border'' (1913) with John Lang
* [[File:Athenodorus - The Greek Stoic Philosopher Athenodorus Rents a Haunted House.jpg|thumb|An illustration of "[[Athenodorus Cananites|Athenodorus]] confronts the Spectre" from ''The Strange Story Book'' by Leonora Blanche Lang; Andrew Lang.]]''The Strange Story Book'' (1913) with Mrs. Lang
* ''The Poetical Works'' (1923) edited by Mrs. Lang, four volumes
* ''Old Friends Among the Fairies: Puss in Boots and Other Stories. Chosen from the Fairy Books'' (1926)
* ''Tartan Tales From Andrew Lang'' (1928) edited by Bertha L. Gunterman
* ''From Omar Khayyam'' (1935)

=== Andrew Lang's ''Fairy Books'' ===

Lang selected and edited 25 collections of stories that were published annually, beginning with ''The Blue Fairy Book'' in 1889 and ending with ''The Strange Story Book'' in 1913. They are sometimes called [[Andrew Lang's Fairy Books]] although the ''Blue Fairy Book'' and other ''Coloured Fairy Books'' are only 12 in the series. In this chronological list the ''Coloured Fairy Books'' alone are numbered.
{{colbegin}}
*(1) ''[[The Blue Fairy Book]]'' (1889)
*(2) ''[[The Red Fairy Book]]'' (1890)
* ''The Blue Poetry Book'' (1891)
*(3) ''[[The Green Fairy Book]]'' (1892)
* ''The True Story Book'' (1893)
*(4) ''[[The Yellow Fairy Book]]'' (1894)
* ''The Red True Story Book'' (1895)
* ''The Animal Story Book'' (1896)
*(5) ''[[The Pink Fairy Book]]'' (1897)
* ''The Arabian Nights' Entertainments'' (1898)
* ''The Red Book of Animal Stories'' (1899)
*(6) ''[[The Grey Fairy Book]]'' (1900)
*(7) ''[[The Violet Fairy Book]]'' (1901)
* ''The Book of Romance'' (1902)
*(8) ''[[The Crimson Fairy Book]]'' (1903)
*(9) ''[[The Brown Fairy Book]]'' (1904)
* ''The Red Romance Book'' (1905)
*(10) ''[[The Orange Fairy Book]]'' (1906)
*(11) ''[[The Olive Fairy Book]]'' (1907)
* ''The Book of Princes and Princesses'' (1908)
* ''The Red Book of Heroes'' (1909)
*(12) ''[[The Lilac Fairy Book]]'' (1910)
* ''The All Sorts of Stories Book'' (1911)
* ''The Book of Saints and Heroes'' (1912)
* ''The Strange Story Book'' (1913)
{{colend}}
{{Portal|Children's literature}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}

==Further reading==
* de Cocq, Antonius P. L. (1968) ''Andrew Lang: A nineteenth century anthropologist'' (Diss. Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands). Tilburg: Zwijsen.
* Demoor, Marysa. (1983) Andrew Lang (1844–1912) : late victorian humanist and journalistic critic with a descriptive checklist of the Lang letters. Vols. 1–2. RUG. Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte.
* Demoor, Marysa (1987). Andrew Lang’s Letters to Edmund Gosse: The Record of a Fruitful Collaboration as Poets, Critics, and Biographers. ''The Review of English Studies'', 38(152), 492–509.
* Lang, Andrew.(1989) “Friends over the Ocean: Andrew Lang’s American Correspondents, 1881-1921.” Edited by Marysa Demoor. Werken / Uitgegeven Door de Faculteit van de Letteren En Wijsbegegeerte, Rijksuniversiteit. Gent: Universa.
* Lang, Andrew. (1990)''Dear Stevenson: Letters from Andrew Lang to Robert Louis Stevenson with Five Letters from Stevenson to Lang''. Edited by Marysa Demoor. Leuven: Peeters.
* [[Roger Lancelyn Green|Green, Roger Lancelyn.]] (1946) ''Andrew Lang: A critical biography with a short-title bibliography''. Leicester: Ward.
* Lang, Andrew. 2015. ''The Edinburgh Critical Edition of the Selected Writings of Andrew Lang'', Volume I.  Edited by Andrew Teverson, Alexandra Warwick, and Leigh Wilson.  Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 456 pages. {{ISBN|9781474400213}} (hard cover). 
* Lang, Andrew. 2015. ''The Edinburgh Critical Edition of the Selected Writings of Andrew Lang'', Volume II. Edited by Andrew Teverson, Alexandra Warwick, and Leigh Wilson. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 416 pages. {{ISBN|9781474400237}} (hard cover). 
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikisource|works=or}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=79}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Lang, Andrew|name=Andrew Lang|author=yes}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=32153 | name=Leonora Blanche Lang}} (as Mrs. Lang)
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Andrew Lang}}
* {{Internet Archive author|name=Leonora Blanche Lang|birth=1844|death=1912}}
* {{Librivox author |id=90}}
* [http://www.mythfolklore.net/andrewlang/ Andrew Lang Fairy Tale Books]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061245/http://flyingchipmunkpublishing.com/Index_to_Tales_in_Andrew_Lang_Fairy_Tale_Books.htm Index to the fairy tales in the Andrew Lang Fairy Tale Books]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080430025343/http://www.maidofheaven.com/joanofarc_scots_monk1.asp A Monk of Fife Complete Book Online]
* Andrew Lang, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417014620/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Browse.asp?PubID=TPTMOR&Cover=TRUE The Making of Religion], Longmans, Green and Co., 1909. (1889–90 [[Gifford Lectures]])
* Andrew Lang, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070623225913/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/l/lang/andrew/l26l/complete.html Letters to Dead Authors], transcribed from the 1886 Longman's edition.
* Andrew Lang, [http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/cinderella/marianroalfecox/introduction.html Introduction to] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118181118/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/cinderella/marianroalfecox/introduction.html |date=18 November 2018 }} [[Marian Roalfe Cox]]'s ''[[Cinderella]]: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella, [[Catskin]] and, [[Cap O' Rushes]], Abstracted and Tabulated with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes''.
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation (c.&nbsp;79 – 1545)
| year = 1903
| volume = I
| edition = Third
| publisher = Dodd, Mead, and Co.
| publication-date = 1903
| publication-place = New York
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RHQHAQAAIAAJ
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation (1546–1624)
| year = 1907
| volume = II
| edition = Third
| publisher = William Blackwood and Sons
| publication-date = 1907
| publication-place = Edinburgh
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ATwUAAAAYAAJ
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation (1625–1689)
| year = 1904
| volume = III
| publisher = Dodd, Mead, and Co.
| publication-date = 1904
| publication-place = New York
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4HQHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR1
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation (1689–1747)
| year = 1907
| volume = IV
| publisher = Dodd, Mead, and Co.
| publication-date = 1907
| publication-place = New York
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ED4GAQAAIAAJ
}}
* {{Citation
| last1 = Lang
| first1 = Andrew
| author1-link = Andrew Lang
| last2 = Lang
| first2 = John
| title = Highways and Byways in The Border
| year = 1914
| edition = New
| publisher = MacMillan and Co.
| isbn = 9787240005712
| publication-date = 1914
| publication-place = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ydpouqtSUfoC
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| title = The Highlands of Scotland in 1750 (from Manuscript 104 in the King's Library, British Museum)
| year = 1898
| publisher = William Blackwood & Sons
| publication-date = 1898
| publication-place = Edinburgh
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_BgjAAAAMAAJ
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = The Mystery of Mary Stuart
| year = 1902
| edition = Third
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
| publication-date = 1902
| publication-place = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yD4DAAAAYAAJ
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = Charles Edward Stuart, The Young Chevalier
| year = 1903
| edition = New
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
| publication-date = 1903
| publication-place = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PBUhAAAAMAAJ
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = Pickle the Spy, or The Incognito of Prince Charles
| year = 1897
| edition = Third
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
| publication-date = 1897
| publication-place = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wGUDAAAAMAAJ
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = The Companions of Pickle
| year = 1898
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
| publication-date = 1898
| publication-place = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CNcWC8mLcPsC
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Lang
| first = Andrew
| author-link = Andrew Lang
| title = James VI and the Gowrie Mystery
| year = 1902
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
| isbn = 978-3-8496-7240-9
| publication-date = 1902
| publication-place = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uasDAAAAMAAJ
}}
* [https://andrewlang.org/ The Andrew Lang Site], with links to Lang's books and introductions, his periodical contributions, and a secondary-source bibliography and list of Special Collections with Andrew Lang holdings
* [http://www.andrewlangessays.com/ andrewlangessays.com] Japanese
* [[hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.lang|Andrew Lang Collection]]. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
{{Refend}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-npo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henry Arthur Smith]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Society for Psychical Research]] |years=1911}}
{{s-aft|after=[[William Boyd Carpenter]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Victorian children's literature}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lang, Andrew}}
[[Category:1844 births]]
[[Category:1912 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Collectors of fairy tales]]
[[Category:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford]]
[[Category:British parapsychologists]]
[[Category:People from Selkirk, Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Writers from the Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Scottish children's writers]]
[[Category:Scottish folklorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish historians]]
[[Category:Scottish journalists]]
[[Category:Scottish novelists]]
[[Category:Scottish poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish historians]]
[[Category:Victorian poets]]
[[Category:People educated at Selkirk High School]]
[[Category:Victorian novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish writers]]
[[Category:People educated at Loretto School, Musselburgh]]
[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
[[Category:Folklore writers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Neo-Jacobite Revival]]
[[Category:Translators of Homer]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Folklore Society]]