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{{Short description|none}}Angels in Christianity are spiritual beings who serve primarily as messengers of God. They act as protectors, guides, and servants of God throughout the Bible, intervening in human affairs, worshipping God, and guarding individuals and nations. Christian theology often highlights their roles as intermediaries between God and humanity and their hierarchical ranks like seraphim and guardian angels.
{{Lead too short|date=July 2024}}
[[File:Francesco Botticini - The Assumption of the Virgin.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The ''[[Assumption of the Virgin (Botticini)|Assumption of the Virgin]]'' by [[Francesco Botticini]] (1475–1476) at the National Gallery London, shows three [[Hierarchy of angels|hierarchies]] and nine orders of angels, each with different characteristics.]]
{{Christianity|expanded=theology}}

In [[Christianity]], [[angel]]s are the messengers of [[God in Christianity|God]], and take on  varying roles throughout the [[Bible#Christian Bible|Christian Bible]]. They serve primarily as messengers, but also as counsellors and guides throughout the Old and New Testaments.  

==In the Bible==
{{bibleref2|Psalms|91:11-12
|NKJV}} attributes the [[Guardian Angel|guardianship]] of men to the angels.<ref>{{cite book|author=Saint [[Thomas Aquinas]]|url=https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1113.htm#article3|publisher=[[EWTN]]|title=Summa Theologiae, First Part, Question 113, Article 3}}</ref>

In {{bibleref2|Matthew|18:10|NKJV}} Jesus warns not to despise children because "their angels in [[heaven]] always see the [[face of God|face]] of my [[God the Father|Father]] in heaven." {{bibleref2|Luke|20:34-36|NKJV}} affirms that, like the angels, "those who are considered worthy of taking part in the age to come and in the [[resurrection of the flesh|resurrection from the dead]] will neither marry nor be given in marriage, and they can no longer die."


== General views ==
=== Antiquity ===
{{Expand section|A general view of angels according to Christians in Antiquity|small=no|date=February 2023}}
In chapter V of [[Ignatius of Antioch]]'s [[Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians|''Letter to the Trallians'']], the bishop gives a listing of angels not unlike that later proposed by Pseudo-Dionysius. In his [[First Epistle of Clement]], [[Clement of Rome]] exhorts his listeners to join the angels in praising God. [[Clement of Alexandria]] wrote that angels "breathe" in men's thoughts and reasonings, and "puts in" their hearts "strength" and a keener perception.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fathers of the Church Speak on Angels |url=https://www.orthodoxprayer.org/Angels/Fathers%20Speak.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.orthodoxprayer.org}}</ref>
[[Evagrius Ponticus]] spoke of the concept of angelic companions and angels as models for behavior.<ref>{{cite book |title=Evagrius of Pontus: The Greek Ascetic Corpus |editor-first=Robert E. |editor-last=Sinkewicz |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2003 |page=xvii}}</ref>

[[Augustine of Hippo]] remarks, the angels were experiencing something new as the [[Genesis creation narrative|creation of God]] unfolded.{{sfn|Klein|2018|p=30}} Augustine also considers that the 'good' angels seek at all times, to direct us towards the true source of happiness, God; that they encourage us in [[Christian worship|worship of God]].{{sfn|Klein|2018|p=61}}

=== Pseudo-Dionysian hierarchy ===
{{Main|De Coelesti Hierarchia}}
{{Further|Hierarchy of angels}}
According to [[Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]]'s ''[[De Coelesti Hierarchia]]'' (''On the Celestial Hierarchy''), there are three levels ("sphere") of angels, inside each of which there are three orders. 

Various works of [[Christian theology]] have devised [[Hierarchy of angels|hierarchies of angelic beings]]. The most influential Christian angelic hierarchy was put forward around the turn of the 6th century CE by Pseudo-Dionysius in his work ''De Coelesti Hierarchia''. He claimed to be an important figure who was converted by [[Paul the Apostle]], and the Pseudo-Dionysius enjoyed greater influence than he would have if he had used his actual name, until [[Erasmus]] publicised doubts about the age of the work in the early 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |year=2019 |chapter=Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite |chapter-url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-dionysius-areopagite/#DioPer}}</ref>

=== Catholic Church ===
According to the ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'' (CCC) paragraph 328, "the existence of the spiritual, non-corporeal beings that [[Catholic Bible|Sacred Scripture]] usually calls 'angels' is [[Dogma in the Catholic Church|a truth of faith]]. The witness of Scripture is as clear as the unanimity of [[Sacred tradition|Tradition]]."<ref>{{cite web |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church Paragraph 5. Heaven and Earth |url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P1A.HTM |accessdate=March 4, 2022 |publisher=vatican.va}}</ref> The same [[catechism]] states: "The whole life of the church benefits from the mysterious and powerful help of the angels [...] From its beginning until death, human life is surrounded by their watchful care and intercession."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bordwell |first1=David |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |author2=the Vatican |date=2002 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing |isbn=0-86012-324-3 |page=78 §§334–335 |ref={{sfnref|Catechism of the Catholic Church}}}} </ref> It also states, "Christ is the center of the angelic world. They are ''His'' angels [...] They belong to Him because they were created through and for Him".{{sfn|Catechism of the Catholic Church|loc=§331}}

=== The New Church (Swedenborgianism) ===
The [[The New Church (Swedenborgian)|New Church]] denominations that arose from the writings of theologian [[Emanuel Swedenborg]] have distinct ideas about angels and the spiritual world in which they dwell. Adherents believe that all angels are in human form with a spiritual body, and are not just minds without form.<ref>Swedenborg, Emanuel. ''Heaven and Hell'', 1758. Rotch Edition (revised). New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1907, in ''The Divine Revelation of the New Jerusalem'' (2012), n. 74.</ref> There are different orders of angels according to the three heavens,<ref>''Arcana Coelestia'', n. 459.</ref> and each angel dwells in one of innumerable societies of angels. Such a society of angels can appear as one angel as a whole.<ref>''Heaven and Hell'', n. 51–53.</ref>

All angels originate from the human race, and there is not one angel in heaven who first did not live in a material body.<ref>''Heaven and Hell'', n. 311</ref> Moreover, all children who die not only enter heaven but eventually become angels.<ref>''Heaven and Hell'', n. 416</ref> The life of angels is that of usefulness, and their functions are so many that they cannot be enumerated. However each angel will enter a service according to the use that they had performed in their earthly life.<ref>''Heaven and Hell'', n. 387–393.</ref> Names of angels, such as Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, signify a particular angelic function rather than an individual being.<ref>Swedenborg, Emanuel. ''Heavenly Arcana'' (or ''Arcana Coelestia''), 1749–58 (AC). Rotch Edition (revised). New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1907, in ''The Divine Revelation of the New Jerusalem'' (2012), n. 8192.3.</ref>

While living in one's body an individual has conjunction with heaven through the angels,<ref>''Heaven and Hell'', n. 291–298.</ref> and with each person, there are at least two evil spirits and two angels.<ref>''Arcana Coelestia'', n. 50, 697, 968.</ref> Temptation or pains of conscience originates from a conflict between evil spirits and angels.<ref>''Arcana Coelestia'', n. 227.</ref> Due to man's sinful nature it is dangerous to have open direct communication with angels<ref>''Arcana Coelestia'', n. 784.2.</ref> and they can only be seen when one's spiritual sight has been opened.<ref>''Heaven and Hell'', n. 76.</ref> Thus from moment to moment angels attempt to lead each person to what is good tacitly using the person's own thoughts.<ref>''Arcana Coelestia'', n. 5992.3.</ref>

=== Latter Day Saint movement ===
[[File:Engel Moroni Bern Tempel.JPG|thumb|upright|Temple statue of the [[Angel Moroni]], [[Bern]], Switzerland]]
The [[Latter Day Saint movement]] views angels as the messengers of God. They are sent to mankind to deliver messages, minister to humanity, teach doctrines of salvation, call mankind to repentance, give [[priesthood (LDS Church)|priesthood]] keys, save individuals in perilous times, and guide humankind.<ref name="Mormon Doctrine">"God's messengers, those individuals whom he sends (often from his personal presence in the eternal worlds), to deliver his messages ({{bibleverse||Luke|1:11–38|KJV}}); to minister to his children ({{bibleverse||Acts|10:1–8|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|10:30–32|KJV}}); to teach them the doctrines of salvation (Mosiah 3); to call them to repentance (Moro. 7:31); to give them priesthood and keys (D.&C. 13; 128:20–21); to save them in perilous circumstances ({{bibleverse||Nehemiah|3:29–31|KJV}}; {{bibleverse||Daniel|6:22|KJV}}); to guide them in the performance of his work ({{bibleverse||Genesis|24:7|KJV}}); to gather his elect in the last days ({{bibleverse||Matthew|24:31|KJV}}); to perform all needful things relative to his work (Moro. 7:29–33)—such messengers are called angels.".</ref>

Latter Day Saints believe that angels either are the spirits of humans who are deceased or who [[Pre-existence#Mormonism|have yet to be born]], or are humans who have been [[resurrection|resurrected]] or [[translation (Mormonism)|translated]] and have physical bodies of flesh and bones.<ref name="LDS-BD">{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bd/angels |title=LDS Bible Dictionary-Angels |publisher=Scriptures.lds.org |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=30 July 2012 |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312104407/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bd/angels?lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Joseph Smith]] taught that "there are no angels who minister to this earth but those that do belong or have belonged to it."<ref>[[Doctrine and Covenants]] [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/130.4-5?lang=eng 130:4–5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220173654/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/130.4-5?lang=eng |date=20 December 2019 }}.</ref> As such, Latter Day Saints also believe that [[Adam and Eve (LDS Church)|Adam]], the first man, was and is now the archangel [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]],<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-6-the-fall-of-adam-and-eve The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints] "Chapter 6: The Fall of Adam and Eve", ''[[Gospel Principles]]'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church, 2011) pp. 26–30.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/107.54?lang=eng |title=D&C 107:54 |publisher=Scriptures.lds.org |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=30 July 2012 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221174956/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/107.54?lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[[Mark E. Petersen]], [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1980/11/adam-the-archangel "Adam, the Archangel"], ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', November 1980.</ref> and that [[Gabriel]] lived on the earth as [[Noah]].<ref name="LDS-BD" /> Likewise the [[Angel Moroni]] first lived in a [[Nephite|pre-Columbian American civilization]] as the 5th-century prophet-warrior named [[Moroni (Book of Mormon prophet)|Moroni]].

Smith described his first angelic encounter in the following manner:
{{blockquote|While I was thus in the act of calling upon God, I discovered a light appearing in my room, which continued to increase until the room was lighter than at noonday, when immediately a personage appeared at my bedside, standing in the air, for his feet did not touch the floor.

He had on a loose robe of most exquisite whiteness. It was a whiteness beyond anything earthly I had ever seen; nor do I believe that any earthly thing could be made to appear so exceedingly white and brilliant&nbsp;...

Not only was his robe exceedingly white, but his whole person was glorious beyond description, and his countenance truly like lightning. The room was exceedingly light, but not so very bright as immediately around his person. When I first looked upon him, I was afraid; but the fear soon left me.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/js-h/1.31-33?lang=eng |title=Joseph Smith–History 1:30–33 |publisher=Scriptures.lds.org |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=30 July 2012 |archive-date=20 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620144846/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/js-h/1.31-33?lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

Most angelic visitations in the early Latter Day Saint movement were witnessed by Smith and [[Oliver Cowdery]], who both said (prior to the establishment of the church in 1830) they had been visited by the prophet [[angel Moroni|Moroni]], [[John the Baptist]], and the apostles [[Saint Peter|Peter]], [[James, son of Zebedee|James]], and [[John the Apostle|John]]. Later, after the dedication of the [[Kirtland Temple]], Smith and Cowdery said they had been visited by [[Jesus]], and subsequently by [[Moses]], Elias, and [[Elijah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/110?lang=eng |title=D&C 110 |publisher=Scriptures.lds.org |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=30 July 2012 |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728064542/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/110?lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref>

Others who said they received a visit by an angel include the other two of the [[Three Witnesses]]: [[David Whitmer]] and [[Martin Harris (Latter Day Saints)|Martin Harris]]. Many other Latter Day Saints, both in the early and modern church, have said they had seen angels, although Smith posited that, except in extenuating circumstances such as the [[Restoration (Latter Day Saints)|restoration]], mortals teach mortals, spirits teach spirits, and resurrected beings teach other resurrected beings.<ref>[[Robert J. Matthews]], [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1989/12/the-fulness-of-times "The Fulness of Times"], ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', December 1989.</ref>

==Catholic angel hierarchy==
{{stack begin}}
[[File:Nine orders of angels.jpeg|thumb|upright|Eastern [[icon]] of nine orders of angels.]]
[[File:Tetramorph meteora.jpg|thumb|upright|A cherub, as described by Ezekiel and according to traditional Christian [[iconography]].]]
[[File:GuidoReni MichaelDefeatsSatan.jpg|thumb|upright|''Archangel Michael defeats Satan'', by [[Guido Reni]] (1636), held in the Capuchin church of [[Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome]].]]
[[File:West window, St Michael and All Angels' Church, Somerton.jpg|thumb|upright|West window of the [[Church of St Michael and All Angels, Somerton]]. It depicts [[Christ the King]] in the centre with nine angelic figures, each of them represents, higher row: [[Dominions (angel)|Dominions]], [[Cherub]]im, [[Seraph]]im, and [[Angel]]s; lower row: [[Principalities (angel)|Principalities]], [[Throne (angel)|Thrones]], [[Archangel]]s, [[Virtues (angel)|Virtues]], and [[Powers (angel)|Powers]].]]
{{stack end}}
===First Order===
==== Seraphim ====
{{Main|Seraph}}
Tradition places seraphim in a rank in Christian angelology, based on [[Isaiah]]'s use of the word. Seraphim angels are the closest to God and lead worship in heaven by singing endless praises to him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seraphim Angels: Burning With Passion for God |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/seraphim-angels-with-passion-for-god-124025 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Learn Religions |language=en}}</ref>

==== Cherubim ====
{{Main|Cherub}}
In the [[Book of Ezekiel]], and in some Christian icons, the [[cherub]] is depicted as having two pairs of wings, and four faces: that of a [[lion]] (representative of all [[wild animals]]), an [[ox]] ([[domestic animals]]), a [[human]] (humanity), and an [[eagle]] ([[bird]]s).{{sfn|Wood|2008|pp=2–4}} Their legs were straight, the soles of their feet like the hooves of a bull, gleaming like polished brass. Later tradition ascribes to them a variety of physical appearances.{{sfn|Wood|2008|pp=2–4}} In Western Christian tradition, cherubim have become associated with the [[putto]] (derived from classical [[Cupid]]/[[Eros]]), resulting in depictions of cherubim as small, plump, winged boys.{{sfn|Wood|2008|p=1}}

==== Thrones or Ophanim ====
{{Main|Throne (angel)|Ophanim}}
The ''ophanim'' refer to the wheels seen in [[Ezekiel]]'s vision of the chariot (Hebrew {{lang|he-Latn|[[merkabah]]}}) in {{bibleverse||Ezekiel|1:15-21|NIV}}. One of the [[Dead Sea scrolls]] (4Q405) construes them as angels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=intertextual.bible {{!}} Biblical Intertextuality {{!}} 4Q405 {{!}} 2 Enoch 20:3 |url=https://intertextual.bible/text/4q405-2-enoch-20.3 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=intertextual.bible}}</ref>

===Second Order===
==== Dominions or Lordships ====
{{main|Dominion (angel)}}
The Dominions (lat. ''dominatio'', plural ''dominationes'', also translated from the Greek term ''kyriotētes'', [[plural|pl.]] of ''kyriotēs'', as "Lordships")<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guiley |first1=Rosemary |title=Encyclopedia of Angels |date=1996 |publisher=Facts on File, Incorporated |location=New York, New York}}</ref> are traditionally held to govern the movement of stars, planets, and other celestial objects.<ref name="Kasten">{{Cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112063851/https://www.thecompassnews.org/2013/12/angels-charge-nature/ |archive-date=2023-11-12 |last=Kasten |first=Patricia |date=2013-12-09 |title=The angels in charge of nature |url=https://www.thecompassnews.org/2013/12/angels-charge-nature/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=The Compass |publisher=Diocese of Green Bay |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Virtues ====
According to ''The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville'', the Virtues are known for their control of the elements. In addition to being the spirits of motion, they also assist in governing elements of nature, such as storms.<ref name=Kasten/> They also assist with miracles, as well as encourage humans to strengthen their faith in God.<ref name="Isidore of Seville: Etymologies">{{Cite book |last=Isidore |first=Bishop of Seville |url=https://pot-pourri.fltr.ucl.ac.be/files/AClassftp/TEXTES/ISIDORUS/Etymologie/B1N8PWGetQy.pdf |title=The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville |date=July 2006 |publisher=Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521837491 |location=New York |pages=161 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508231044/https://pot-pourri.fltr.ucl.ac.be/files/AClassftp/TEXTES/ISIDORUS/Etymologie/B1N8PWGetQy.pdf |archive-date=2024-05-08 |translator-last=Lewis |translator-first=W. J. |translator-last2=Beach |translator-first2=J. A. |translator-last3=Berghof |translator-first3=Oliver |translator-last4=Barney |translator-first4=Stephen}}</ref>

==== Powers or Authorities ====
In ''The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville'', the Powers ([[Latin|lat]]. ''potestas'' (f), pl. ''potestates''; Greek: ἐξουσίαι, ''[[Exousia|exousiai]]'') are given their name because they are angels who have power over evil forces, which the angels are able to restrain to keep them from doing harm.<ref name="Isidore of Seville: Etymologies"/> Powers also oversee the power which human beings—such as kings—have been given in the world.<ref name=Kasten/>

===Third Order===
==== Principalities or Rulers ====
According to ''The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville'', the Principalities ({{langx|la|principatus}}), also translated as "Princedoms" and "Rulers", from the Greek ''archai'', [[plural|pl.]] of ''archē'' (see Greek root in [https://www.bible.com/bible/114/EPH.3.10.nkjv Eph 3:10]), are the angels that guide and protect nations, or groups of peoples, and institutions such as the Church. The Principalities preside over the bands of angels and charge them with fulfilling the divine ministry. There are some who administer and some who assist.<ref name="Isidore of Seville: Etymologies"/>{{old|2022|3|9}}

An example of a Principality angel with a specific ''[[Cult (religious practice)|cultus]]'' is the [[Angel of Portugal]].

==== Archangels ====
{{Main|Archangel|Gabriel|Michael (archangel)|Raphael (archangel)}}
The word ''[[archangel]]'' is used twice in the [[New Testament]]: in {{bibleverse|1|Thessalonians|4:16|NRSV}} and {{bibleverse||Jude|1:9|NRSV}}.

In most Christian traditions, [[Gabriel (archangel)|Gabriel]] is also considered an archangel, but there is no direct literary support for this assumption. The term ''archangel'' appears only in the singular, never plural, and only in specific reference to [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]].

The name of the [[Raphael (archangel)|archangel Raphael]] appears only in the [[Book of Tobit]] (Tobias).

The [[Holy See]]'s 2001 ''Directory on popular piety'' states: "The practice of assigning names to the Holy Angels should be discouraged, except in the cases of Gabriel, Raphael and Michael whose names are contained in [[Catholic Bible|Holy Scripture]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments |author-link=Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments |date=December 2001 |title=Directory on popular piety and the liturgy. Principles and guidelines |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html#Chapter%20Six |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>

==== Guardian angels ====
{{Main|Guardian angel}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}
A guardian angel is a type of [[angel]] that is assigned to protect and guide a particular person, group or nation. Belief in [[tutelary deity|tutelary beings]] can be traced throughout all antiquity. The idea of angels that guard over people played a major role in [[Judaism#History|Ancient Judaism]]. In [[Christianity]], the [[hierarchy of angels]] was extensively developed in the 5th century by [[Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]]. The [[theology]] of angels and tutelary spirits has undergone many changes since the 5th century. The belief is that guardian angels serve to protect whichever person [[God in Christianity|God]] assigns them to. The Watchers were of this class of angels.

== See also ==
* [[Angele Dei]]
* [[Angelic Hymn]]
* [[Angelic salutation]]
* [[Dynamics of the celestial spheres]]
* [[Fallen angel]]
* [[Heavenly host]]
* [[Hierarchy of angels]]
* [[List of angels in theology]]
* [[List of films about angels]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Elizabeth |title=Augustine's Theology of Angels |year=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42445-5 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |title=Of Wing and Wheels: A Synthetic Study of the Biblical Cherubim |last=Wood |first=Alice |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-11-020528-2 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Patrides |first=C. A. |author-link=C. A. Patrides |chapter=On the orders of angels |title=Premises and Motifs in Renaissance Thought and Literature |publisher=Princeton |year=1982 |isbn=0-691-06505-5 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |author=[[Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]] |title=The Celestial and Ecclesiastical Hierarchy of Dionysius the Areopagite |translator=John Parker |year=1894 |publisher=Skeffington & Son |url=https://archive.org/details/celestialandecc00parkgoog |ref=none}}

{{Hierarchy of angels}}
{{Angels in Abrahamic religions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christian Angelic Hierarchy}}
[[Category:Classes of angels| ]]
[[Category:Angels in Christianity| ]]
[[Category:Heaven in Christianity]]