View source for Anhui

{{short description|Province of China}}
{{for|the Indian Buddhist monk whose writings survived in China under the Chinese name Anhui|Sthiramati}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | name                     = Anhui
 | native_name              = 安徽
 | native_name_lang         = zh
 | settlement_type          = [[Province of China|Province]]
 | translit_lang1           = Name
 | translit_lang1_type      = {{nobold|Chinese}}
 | translit_lang1_info      = {{lang|zh|安徽省}} ({{transliteration|zh|Ānhuī shěng}})
 | translit_lang1_type1     = {{nobold|Abbreviation}}
 | translit_lang1_info1     = AH / {{zhi|c=皖}} ({{zhi|p=Wǎn}})
 | translit_lang1_type2     = {{nobold|[[Lower Yangtze Mandarin]]}}
 | translit_lang1_info2     = {{transliteration|zh|Ang1 huei1 Sen3}}
| image_skyline            = {{multiple image
| border                    = infobox
| total_width               = 290
| perrow                    = 2/2/1
| caption_align             = center
| image1                    = Mount-huangshan 53319732882 o.jpg
| caption1                  = [[Mount Huang]]
| image5                    = Jiuhua Dayuan Culture Park.jpg
| caption5                  = [[Mount Jiuhua]]
| image3                    = Yixian Hongcun 2016.09.09 18-17-55.jpg
| caption3                  = [[Hongcun]]
| image4                    = Skylines of Hefei at Tianehu.jpg
| caption4                  = [[Hefei]] skyline
}}
 | image_map                = Anhui in China (+all claims hatched).svg
 | mapsize                  = 275px
 | map_caption              = Map showing the location of Anhui within China
 | coordinates              = {{coord|31|50|N|117|0|E|type:adm1st_region:CN-34|format=dms|display=it}}
 | subdivision_type         = Country
 | subdivision_name         = [[China]]
 | named_for                = [[Anqing]] and [[Huizhou, Anhui|Huizhou]]
 | seat_type                = Capital {{nwr|{{nobold|(and largest city)}}}}
 | seat                     = [[Hefei]]
 | parts_type               = Divisions
 | parts_style              = para
 | p1                       = 16 [[Prefectures of China|prefectures]]
 | p2                       = 105 [[Counties of China|counties]]
 | p3                       = 1845 [[Townships of China|townships]]
 | government_type          = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
 | governing_body           = [[Anhui Provincial People's Congress]]
 | leader_title             = [[Party Secretary of Anhui|Party Secretary]]
 | leader_name              = [[Liang Yanshun]]
 | leader_title1            = [[Anhui Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] Chairperson
 | leader_name1             = vacant
 | leader_title2            = [[Governor of Anhui|Governor]]
 | leader_name2             = [[Wang Qingxian]]
 | leader_title3            = Provincial [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairperson
 | leader_name3             = [[Tang Liangzhi]]
 | leader_title4            = [[National People's Congress]] Representation
 | leader_name4             = 111 deputies
 | area_footnotes           = <ref name=mofcom>{{cite web|title=Doing Business in China – Survey |url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |publisher=Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |archive-date=5 August 2013 }}</ref>
 | area_total_km2           = 140200
 | area_rank                = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|22nd]]
 | elevation_max_m          = 1873
 | elevation_max_point      = [[Lianhua Peak]]
 | population_footnotes     = <ref name="census2020">{{Cite web|date=11 May 2021|title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>
 | population_total         = 61,027,171
 | population_as_of         = 2020
 | population_rank          = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|9th]]
 | population_density_km2   = auto
 | population_density_rank  = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|9th]]
 | demographics_type1       = Demographics
 | demographics1_title1     = Ethnic composition
 | demographics1_info1      = {{ubl|[[Han Chinese|Han]] (99%)|[[Hui people|Hui]] (0.6%)}}
 | demographics1_title2     = Languages and dialects
 | demographics1_info2      = [[Lower Yangtze Mandarin]], [[Central Plains Mandarin]], [[Gan Chinese|Gan]], [[Wu Chinese|Wu]], [[Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou]]

 | demographics_type2       = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] <span style="font-weight: normal;">{{small|(2024)}}</span><ref name="GDPdata">{{cite web|url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China|China NBS]]|date=March 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024}}; see also {{cite web|url=https://www.ah.gov.cn/zfsj/tjgblmdz/sjtjgb/565313471.html|title=zh: 2023年安徽省国民经济和社会发展统计公报|publisher=anhui.gov.cn|date=March 20, 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 | demographics2_title1     = Total
 | demographics2_info1      = [[CN¥]] 5,062 billion ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP|11th]])
<br />[[US$]] 710 billion 
 | demographics2_title2     = Per capita
 | demographics2_info2      = CN¥ 82,694 ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita|13th]])
<br />US$ 11,611

 | iso_code                 = CN-AH
 | blank4_name_sec2         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
 | blank4_info_sec2         = 0.767<ref name="SHDI">{{cite web |title=Human Development Indices (8.0)- China |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0 |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=Global Data Lab}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|20th]]) – {{color|#090|high}}
 | website                  = {{Official URL}} {{in lang|zh}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic=Anhui (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="Anhui" in Chinese characters
|picupright=0.5
| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|安徽}}
| wuu = Oe<sup>平</sup> hue<sup>平</sup>
| psp = Anhwei
| j = On1-fai1
| y = Ōn-fāi
| ci=  {{IPAc-yue|on|1|-|f|ai|1}}
| tl = An-huei
| p = Ānhuī
| gr = Anhuei
| bpmf = ㄢ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄨㄟ
| w ={{tone superscript|An1-hui1}}
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|zh-Anhui.ogg|an|1|.|h|ui|1}}
| gan = {{tone superscript|Ngon1-fi1}}
}}

'''Anhui'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|æ|n|ˈ|hw|eɪ}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Anhui |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518055858/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Anhui |archive-date=May 18, 2021 |title=Anhui |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ɑː|n|ˈ|hw|eɪ}};<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Anhui}}</ref> <!-- details in infobox -->{{zhi|c={{Audio|zh-Anhui.ogg|安徽|help=no}}}}; [[Chinese postal romanization|formerly romanized]] as '''Anhwei'''}} is an inland [[Provinces of China|province]] located in [[East China]]. Its provincial capital and largest city is [[Hefei]]. The province is located across the basins of the [[Yangtze]] and [[Huai river]]s, bordering [[Jiangsu]] and [[Zhejiang]] to the east, [[Jiangxi]] to the south, [[Hubei]] and [[Henan]] to the west, and [[Shandong]] to the north. With a population of 61 million, Anhui is the 9th most populous province in China. It is the 22nd largest Chinese province based on area, and the 12th most densely populated region of all 34 Chinese provincial regions. Anhui's population is mostly composed of [[Han Chinese]]. Languages spoken within the province include [[Lower Yangtze Mandarin]], [[Wu Chinese|Wu]], [[Huizhou Chinese|Hui]], [[Gan Chinese|Gan]] and small portion of [[Central Plains Mandarin]].

The name "Anhui" derives from the names of two cities: [[Anqing]] and [[Huizhou, Anhui|Huizhou]] (now [[Huangshan City]]).<ref>
{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html Origin of the Names of China's Provinces] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160427100058/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html |date= 2016-04-27 }}, [[People's Daily Online]].</ref> The abbreviation for Anhui is {{zhp|p=Wǎn|c=皖}}, corresponding to the historical {{ill|state of Wan|zh|皖國|lt=Wan state}}, and is also used to refer to the [[Wan River]] and [[Mount Tianzhu]]. The provincial government of Anhui includes a Governor, Provincial Congress, the People's Political Consultative Conference, and the Provincial Higher People's Court. Aside from managing local government departments, the Anhui provincial government manages 16 cities, 62 counties, 43 county-level districts and 1,522 townships. Anhui's total GDP ranked 14th among China's 31 province-level regions {{as of|2022||lc=on}}.

==History==
[[File:三河古镇朝阳楼 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|The old town of [[Sanhe, Feixi County]]]]
Anhui was established 1667, during the reign of the [[Qing dynasty]]'s [[Kangxi Emperor]]. The province's nickname, "Wan", is taken from the name of a small state that existed in the region during the [[Spring and Autumn period]] (722–481&nbsp;BC). The name "Wan" also corresponds to the province's [[Mount Tianzhu]] and {{ill|state of Wan|zh|皖國|lt=Wan state}}. Evidence of human beings inhabiting what is now Anhui 20,000 years before present has been attested by archaeological findings in [[Fanchang County]], related to the cultural domains of [[Yangshao culture|Yangshao]] and [[Longshan culture|Longshan]], dated to the [[Neolithic]] period (8000–2000&nbsp;BC). In relation to these cultures, archeologists have discovered through excavation a 4500-year-old city called the Nanchengzi Ruins in [[Guzhen County]], after they discovered a Neolithic city wall and a moat that was part of a much larger and integrated city in the region during their 2013 disinterment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=4,500-year-old city discovered in China |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/4-500-year-old-city-discovered-in-china-543398 |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
[[File:亚新地学社1936年《袖珍中华全图》--08安徽省.jpg|thumb|Anhui in 1936]]
There are many historical sites located in the province dating to the pre-imperial period. The culture of northern Anhui was associated with that of the [[North China Plain]], together with what is now Henan, northern Jiangsu, and southern Shandong. Central Anhui was densely populated, and consisted of the fertile [[Huai River]] watershed. Contrastingly, southern Anhui was closer to [[Jiangxi]] and southern [[Jiangsu]]; the hills in the southeastern part of the province formed a unique cultural sphere. After the [[Qin dynasty]] unified China in 221&nbsp;BC, the territory of modern Anhui belonged to different prefectures, including Jiujiang, Zhang, Tang, and Sishui. The lands became part of the [[Yang prefecture|Yang]], [[Yù Prefecture|Yu]], and Xu prefectures during the [[Han dynasty]] (202&nbsp;BC{{snd}}220&nbsp;AD). During the [[Three Kingdoms]] era (222–280), Anhui was dominated at various times by [[Eastern Wu]] and [[Cao Wei]]. By the [[Song dynasty]] (960–1279), the economy and culture of area was flourishing. Anhui became part of the province of [[Henan]] during the [[Yuan dynasty]] (1271–1368); during the [[Ming dynasty]] the area was directly administrated by the imperial capital in [[Nanjing]].

Anhui and [[Jiangsu]] were merged into one province under the [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912) until 1666, during the reign of the [[Kangxi Emperor]]. It played an important role in the [[Self-Strengthening Movement]] led by Li Hongzhang during the later Qing. During this time, western weapons, factories and administrative theories were being introduced into China. Over the next 50 years, Anhui became one of the country's most radically liberal areas, with important 20th-century figures moving to the province, like the poet and diplomat [[Hu Shih]], and [[Chen Duxiu]], the founder of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP).

In 1938, large areas in north and central Anhui were severely damaged by the decision of President [[Chiang Kai-shek]] to demolish a critical dam on the [[Yellow River]], hoping that would physically impede the ongoing invasion by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] and prevent them from capturing [[Zhengzhou]]. Within only ten days of the dam breaking, the water and sands drowned all of north and middle area of this province, resulting in the deaths of between 500,000 and 900,000 Chinese people, as well as an unknown number of Japanese soldiers. Following the end of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] in 1945, the capital city of Anhui moved to [[Hefei]], then a small town. The provincial government made significant investments for its development. After 1949, the government launched projects to repair the damages suffered during World War II. The province underwent significant development via the [[Third Front (China)|Third Front]] campaign to build basic and national defense industries in protected locations, in case of invasion by the Soviet Union or United States. The centerpiece of the Shanghai Small Third Front was the "rear base" in Anhui which served as "a multi-function manufacturing base for anti-aircraft and anti-tank weaponry".<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Xu |first1=Youwei |title=Everyday Lives in China's Cold War Military Industrial Complex: Voices from the Shanghai Small Third Front, 1964-1988 |last2=Wang |first2=Y. Yvon |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |year=2022 |isbn=978-3-030-99687-1|pages=xiii-xvi}}</ref> During the late 1990s Anhui became one of China's fastest-growing provinces. The province forms part of the China Yangtze River Delta Economic Area, which is the most developed area of China.

==Geography==
[[File:Anhui Fuyang Yingquan White House.jpeg|thumb|250x250px|Government building in Fuyang City]]
Anhui is topographically diverse. The north is part of the [[North China Plain]] while the north-central areas are part of the [[Huai River]] watershed. Both regions are flat, and densely populated. The land becomes more uneven further south, with the [[Dabie Mountains]] occupying much of southwestern Anhui and a series of hills and ranges cutting through southeastern Anhui, between which is the [[Yangtze River]]. The highest peak in Anhui is Lotus Peak, part of [[Huangshan]] in southeastern Anhui. It has an altitude of {{convert|1873|m|ft|abbr=off}}.

Major rivers include the [[Huai River]] in the north and the Yangtze in the south. The largest lake is [[Lake Chaohu]] situated in the center of the province, with an area of about {{convert|800|km2|abbr=on}}. The southeastern part of the province near the Yangtze River has many lakes as well.

As with topography, the province differs in climate from north to south. The north is more temperate with more distinct seasons. January temperatures average at around −1 to 2&nbsp;°C north of the Huai River, and 0 to 3&nbsp;°C south of the Huai River; in July temperatures average 27&nbsp;°C or above. [[East Asian rainy season|Plum rains]] occur in June and July and may cause flooding.

Anhui has 16 cities. In economic terms, the top three cities are: [[Hefei]], [[Wuhu]] and [[Anqing]].
{{colbegin|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Hefei]]
*[[Wuhu]]
*[[Anqing]]
*[[Huangshan City]]
*[[Tongling]]
*[[Ma'anshan]]
*[[Huainan]]
*[[Bengbu]]
*[[Bozhou]]
{{colend}}

== Ecology ==
The Anhui elm'', Ulmus'' ''gaussenii'' <small>W. C. Cheng</small>, is a medium size [[deciduous]] tree whose natural range is restricted to the valleys of the [[Mount Langya (Anhui)|Langya]] limestone mountains of [[Chu Xian]].<ref name="Geographical">[http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6629625&fid=1226&c=china Geographical Names: Chu Xian, Anhui, satellite photograph]. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA</ref>  The tree was most commonly found on the flood plains, indicating a tolerance of periodic inundation. ''U. gaussenii'' is now the world's rarest and most endangered elm species, with only approximately 30 trees known to survive in the wild in 2009.<ref name="Grimshaw">Grimshaw, J. & Bayton, R. (2009). ''New Trees - Recent Introductions to Cultivation''. RBG Kew, London. {{ISBN|978-1-84246-173-0}}</ref>

The province is also home to the [[Chinese alligator]] (''Alligator sinensis'', {{lang-zh|s=扬子鳄|t={{linktext|揚子|鱷}}|p=yángzǐ'è}}), also known as the Yangtze alligator,<ref name="undp">{{cite news|date=June 8, 2016|title=The largest group of Chinese alligators released to the wild|work=[[UNDP]] in China|url=http://www.cn.undp.org/content/china/en/home/presscenter/articles/2016/06/08/the-largest-group-of-chinese-alligators-returns-to-the-wild.html|url-status=live|access-date=April 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424090326/http://www.cn.undp.org/content/china/en/home/presscenter/articles/2016/06/08/the-largest-group-of-chinese-alligators-returns-to-the-wild.html|archive-date=April 24, 2017}}</ref> China alligator,<ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn|last1=Jiang|first1=H.|last2=Wu|first2=X.|title=''Alligator sinensis''|article-number=e.T867A3146005|year=2018|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T867A3146005.en}}</ref> or historically the muddy dragon,<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|last1=Perry|first1=Tony|date=July 4, 2012|title=San Diego Zoo gets two Chinese alligators in preservation effort|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2012-jul-04-la-me-gators-20120704-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319002234/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/04/local/la-me-gators-20120704|archive-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref> a [[critically endangered]] [[crocodilian]].

==Administrative divisions==
{{main|List of administrative divisions of Anhui|List of township-level divisions of Anhui}}
Anhui is divided into sixteen [[Administrative divisions of China#Prefectural level|prefecture-level divisions]]: all [[Prefecture-level city|prefecture-level cities]]:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"
! colspan="8" |Administrative divisions of Anhui
|-
| colspan="8" style="font-size:larger" |<div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Map Anhui adm.png|width=530|link=|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=550|y=750|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Hefei]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=700|y=890|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Wuhu]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=530|y=430|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Bengbu]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=430|y=555|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Huainan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=715|y=770|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Ma'anshan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=405|y=260|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Huaibei]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=570|y=965|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Tongling]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=360|y=1040|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Anqing]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=660|y=1190|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Huangshan City|Huangshan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=650|y=570|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Chuzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=200|y=480|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Fuyang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=545|y=280|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Suzhou, Anhui|Suzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=330|y=730|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Lu'an]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=305|y=350|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Bozhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=550|y=1110|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Chizhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=820|y=1020|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Xuancheng]]'''}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" ! |[[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Division code]]<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 |publisher=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]] |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! rowspan="2" scope="col" ! | Division
! rowspan="2" scope="col" ! | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nj2013">{{cite book |language=zh-hans|author=Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |script-title=zh:《深圳统计年鉴2014》}}|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm |date=2015-05-12 }}</ref>
! rowspan="2" scope="col" ! | Population 2020<ref>{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 |date=2012|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |location=Beijing |isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1 |language=zh-cn}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" scope="col" ! | Seat
! colspan="3" scope="col" ! | Divisions<ref>{{cite book |language=zh-hans |author=Ministry of Civil Affairs |script-title=zh:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》|date=August 2014 |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn= 978-7-5037-7130-9|author-link=Ministry of Civil Affairs }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" width="45" ! |[[District (China)|Districts]]
! scope="col" width="45" ! |[[Counties of the People's Republic of China|Counties]]
! scope="col" width="45" ! |[[County-level city|CL cities]]
|- style="font-weight: bold"
! 340000 !! Anhui Province
| 139,600.00 || 61,027,171 ||[[Hefei]] city || 45 || 50 || 9
|-
! 340100 !![[Hefei]] city
| 11,445.06 || 9,369,881 ||[[Shushan District]]|| 4 || 4 || 1
|-
! 340200 !![[Wuhu]] city
| 6,004.97 || 3,644,420 ||[[Jiujiang District]]|| 5 || 1 || 1
|-
! 340300 !![[Bengbu]] city
| 5,950.72 || 3,296,408 ||[[Bengshan District]]|| 4 || 3 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 340400 !![[Huainan]] city
| 5,532.30 || 3,033,528 ||[[Tianjia'an District]]|| 5 || 2 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 340500 !![[Ma'anshan]] city
| 4,049.13 || 2,159,930 ||[[Yushan District]]|| 3 || 3 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 340600 !![[Huaibei]] city
| 2,740.91 || 1,970,265 ||[[Xiangshan District, Huaibei|Xiangshan District]]|| 3 || 1 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 340700 !![[Tongling]] city
| 2,937.83 || 1,311,726 ||[[Tongguan District]]|| 3 || 1 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 340800 !![[Anqing]] city
| 13,525.03 || 4,165,284 ||[[Yingjiang District]]|| 3 || 5 || 2
|-
! 341000 !![[Huangshan City|Huangshan]] city
| 9,678.39 || 1,330,565 ||[[Tunxi District]]|| 3 || 4 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 341100 !![[Chuzhou]] city
| 13,515.99 || 3,987,054 ||[[Langya District]]|| 2 || 4 || 2
|-
! 341200 !![[Fuyang]] city
| 10,118.17 || 8,200,264 ||[[Yingzhou District]]|| 3 || 4 || 1
|-
! 341300 !![[Suzhou, Anhui|Suzhou]] city
| 9,938.77 || 5,324,476 ||[[Yongqiao District]]|| 1 || 4 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 341500 !![[Lu'an]] city
| 15,450.82 || 4,393,699 ||[[Jin'an District, Lu'an|Jin'an District]]|| 3 || 4 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 341600 !![[Bozhou]] city
| 8,521.23 || 4,996,844 ||[[Qiaocheng District]]|| 1 || 3 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 341700 !![[Chizhou]] city
| 8,364.81 || 1,342,764 ||[[Guichi District]]|| 1 || 3 || bgcolor="grey" | 
|-
! 341800 !![[Xuancheng]] city
| 12,312.55 || 2,500,063 ||[[Xuanzhou District]]|| 1 || 4 || 2
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
! colspan="5" |Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations
|-
! English !! Chinese !! Pinyin !! Jiang–Huai (Langjin Pinin)
|-
|'''Anhui Province'''||{{lang|zh|安徽省}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Ānhuī Shěng}} || {{transliteration|zh|Ang1 huei1 Sen3}}
|-
|[[Hefei]] city ||{{lang|zh|合肥市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Héféi Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Ho5 fei2 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Wuhu]] city ||{{lang|zh-hans|芜湖市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Wúhú Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|U2 hu2 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Bengbu]] city ||{{lang|zh|蚌埠市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Bèngbù Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Bang4 bu4 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Huainan]] city ||{{lang|zh|淮南市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Huáinán Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Huä2 lang2 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Ma'anshan]] city ||{{lang|zh-hans|马鞍山市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Mǎ'ānshān Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Ma3 ang1 shang1 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Huaibei]] city ||{{lang|zh|淮北市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Huáiběi Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Huä2 bä5 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Tongling]] city ||{{lang|zh-hans|铜陵市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Tónglíng Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Tong2 lin2 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Anqing]] city ||{{lang|zh-hans|安庆市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Ānqìng Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Ang1 qin4 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Huangshan City|Huangshan]] city ||{{lang|zh-hans|黄山市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Huángshān Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Huang2 shang1 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Chuzhou]] city ||{{lang|zh|滁州市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Chúzhōu Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Chu2 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Fuyang]] city ||{{lang|zh-hans|阜阳市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Fùyáng Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Fu4 iang2 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Suzhou, Anhui|Suzhou]] city ||{{lang|zh|宿州市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Sùzhōu Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Su5 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Lu'an]] city ||{{lang|zh|六安市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Lù'ān Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Lu5 ang1 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Bozhou]] city ||{{lang|zh|亳州市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Bózhōu Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Bo5 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Chizhou]] city ||{{lang|zh|池州市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Chízhōu Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Chr2 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
|[[Xuancheng]] city ||{{lang|zh|宣城市}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Xuānchéng Shì}}|| {{transliteration|zh|Süän1 chen2 Shr4}}
|}

These 16 prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 104 [[county-level division]]s (45 [[District of China|district]]s, 9 [[county-level cities]], and 50 [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]]). Those are in turn divided into 1,512 [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|township-level divisions]] (997 [[Town (China)|town]]s, 230 [[Townships of the People's Republic of China|township]]s, 9 [[ethnic township]]s, and 276 [[Subdistricts of China|subdistrict]]s).

===Urban areas===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"
! colspan="6" | Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
|-
!#!!City!! style="background-color: #aaaaff;" |Urban area<ref name="2010PRCcensus" />!! style="background-color: #aaffaa;" |District area<ref name="2010PRCcensus" />!! style="background-color: #ffaaaa;" |City proper<ref name="2010PRCcensus">{{cite book |author=((Compiled by {{lang|zh-hans|国务院人口普查办公室}} [Department of Population Census of the State Council], {{lang|zh-hans|国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编}} [Department of Population and Social Science and Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics])) |date=2012 |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6 }}</ref>!!Census date
|-
|1||'''[[Hefei]]'''{{efn|name=Chaohu}}||3,098,727||3,310,268||7,457,027||2010-11-01
|-
|2||[[Huainan]]{{efn|name=Huainan|Shouxian County was transferred from Lu'an PLC to Huainan PLC's jurisdiction after census; the City proper count is reflected onto Huainan PLC not Lu'an PLC.}}||1,238,488||1,666,826||3,342,012||2010-11-01
|-
|3||[[Wuhu]]{{efn|name=Chaohu}}||1,108,087||2,487,111||2,263,123||2010-11-01
|-
|4||[[Huaibei]]||854,696||1,113,321||2,114,276||2010-11-01
|-
|5||[[Bengbu]]||793,866||972,784||3,164,467||2010-11-01
|-
|6||[[Fuyang]]||780,522||1,768,947||7,599,913||2010-11-01
|-
|7||[[Suzhou, Anhui|Suzhou]]||742,685||1,647,642||5,352,924||2010-11-01
|-
|8||[[Lu'an]]{{efn|name=Lu'an|New district established after census: [[Yeji District|Yeji]] by splitting from parts of [[Huoqiu County]]. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}{{efn|name=Huainan}}||661,217||1,644,344||4,603,585||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(8)||Lu'an {{small|(new district)}}{{efn|name=Lu'an}}||134,239||134,239||{{small|''see Lu'an''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|9||[[Ma'anshan]]{{efn|name=Ma'anshan|New district established after census: [[Bowang District|Bowang]] by splitting from parts of [[Dangtu County]]. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}{{efn|name=Chaohu}}||657,847||741,531||2,304,774||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(9)||Ma'anshan {{small|(new district)}}{{efn|name=Ma'anshan}}||169,888||169,888||{{small|''see Ma'anshan''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|10||[[Anqing]]{{efn|name=Tongling}}||570,538||780,514||4,472,667||2010-11-01
|-
|11||[[Bozhou]]||474,318||1,409,436||4,850,657||2010-11-01
|-
|12||[[Tongling]]{{efn|name=Tongling|Zongyang County was transferred from Anqing PLC to Tongling PLC's jurisdiction after census; the City proper count is reflected onto Tongling PLC not Anqing PLC.}}||438,981||474,363||1,562,670||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(13)||[[Chaohu]]{{efn|name=Chaohu|Chaohu PLC is currently no longer exist after census it was split among Hefei ([[Chaohu|Juchao]] & [[Lujiang County|Lujiang]]), Wuhu ([[Wuwei County|Wuwei]]), & Ma'anshan ([[He County|Hexian]] & [[Hanshan County|Hanshan]]); Juchao District is currently known as Chaohu CLC. Chaohu PLC city proper count is reflected among the three PLCs.}}||404,789||780,711||{{small|''see Hefei''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|14||[[Chuzhou]]||392,461||562,321||3,937,868||2010-11-01
|-
|15||[[Tianchang]]||324,625||602,840||{{small|''see Chuzhou''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|16||[[Xuancheng]]||315,058||772,490||2,532,938||2010-11-01
|-
|17||[[Chizhou]]||289,122||595,268||1,402,518||2010-11-01
|-
|18||[[Huangshan City|Huangshan]]||287,576||460,786||1,358,980||2010-11-01
|-
|19||[[Tongcheng, Anhui|Tongcheng]]||269,346||664,455||{{small|''see Anqing''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|20||[[Ningguo]]||231,090||376,857||{{small|''see Xuancheng ''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|21||[[Jieshou]]||214,776||561,956||{{small|''see Fuyang''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|22||[[Mingguang]]||204,323||532,732||{{small|''see Chuzhou''}}||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(23)||[[Qianshan, Anhui|Qianshan]]{{efn|name=Qianshan|Qianshan County is currently known as Qianshan CLC after census.}}||165,779||500,292||{{small|''see Anqing''}}||2010-11-01
|}
{{notelist}}

{{Largest cities
|largest = Most populous
|country = Anhui
|kind = cities
|stat_ref = Source: ''China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018'' Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]] of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls |date=2019 |title=中国城市建设统计年鉴2018 |trans-title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 |language=zh |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistic Publishing House |access-date=2021-11-29 |archive-date=2021-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810115223/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls }}</ref>
|list_by_pop =

|city_1 = Hefei
|pop_1 = 4,292,400

|city_2 = Wuhu
|pop_2 = 1,536,700

|city_3 = Huainan
|pop_3 = 1,178,200

|city_4 = Bengbu
|pop_4 = 961,100

|city_5 = Fuyang
|pop_5 = 907,400

|city_6 = Huaibei
|pop_6 = 762,500

|city_7 = Ma'anshan
|pop_7 = 752,500

|city_8 = Anqing
|pop_8 = 631,500

|city_9 = Lu'an
|pop_9 = 607,500

|city_10 = Suzhou, Anhui{{!}}Suzhou
|pop_10 = 578,600

|city_11 = Tongling
|pop_11 = 535,300

|city_12 = Chuzhou
|pop_12 = 507,600

|city_13 = Huangshan City{{!}}Huangshan
|pop_13 = 406,100

|city_14 = Bozhou
|pop_14 = 365,000

|city_15 = Xuancheng
|pop_15 = 357,700

|city_16 = Chaohu
|pop_16 = 357,000

|city_17 = Chizhou
|pop_17 = 310,100

|city_18 = Tianchang
|pop_18 = 196,600

|city_19 = Jieshou
|pop_19 = 188,600

|city_20 = Mingguang
|pop_20 = 186,000
}}

==Politics==
{{Main|Politics of Anhui|List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China}}
The Politics of Anhui Province is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The [[Governor of Anhui]] is the highest-ranking official in the Anhui Provincial People's Government. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the [[Party Secretary of Anhui|Anhui Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary]].

Most provincial government departments and the Governor office are located at No.1 Zhongshan Road, moved from old downtown of Hefei since 2016. Provincial government is responsible to manage 16 prefecture-level cities, 105 counties, 1845 townships and different departments in Anhui. The Anhui Provincial People's Congress is just located near provincial government. The Provincial [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC) is located at No.317, Suzhou Road. The Provincial Higher People's Court is located at no. 472 Changjiang Rd.

Typically, annual provincial congress meeting is held in the first quarter of each year shortly before national congress meeting and the annual meeting of CPPCC is held in the first quarter or the fourth quarter of each year.

==Economy==
Agriculture in Anhui varies according to the climate zones. To the north of the [[Huai River]], [[wheat]] and [[sweet potato]]es are grown, while to the south it is [[rice]] and wheat instead. {{As of|2022}}, Anhui's [[Gross domestic product|nominal GDP]] was [[United States dollar|US$]]670 billion ([[Renminbi|CN¥]] 4.51 trilion), about 3.72% of the country's GDP and ranked [[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP|10th]] among [[Administrative divisions of China|province-level administrative units]]; the province's primary, secondary and tertiary industries were worth CN¥351.37 billion (US$52.24 billion), CN¥1.8588 trillion (US$276.36 billion) and CN¥2.29433 trillion (US$341.1 billion) respectively. Its nominal GDP per capita was US$10,943 (CN¥73,603) and ranked the [[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita|14th]] in the country.<ref name="GDPdata" />

Natural resources of Anhui include [[iron]] in [[Ma'anshan]], [[coal]] in [[Huainan]], and [[copper]] in [[Tongling]]. There are industries related to these natural resources (e.g. [[steel industry]] at Ma'anshan). One of the famous Anhui-based corporations is the automobile company [[Chery]], which is based in [[Wuhu City|Wuhu]].
[[File:Chuzhao Dingyuan Lianpuxiang - Nongke Hanlin Zhu IMG 9222.jpg|thumb|Farmlands of Anhui]]
Compared to its more prosperous neighbours to the east, [[Zhejiang]] and [[Jiangsu]], Anhui has lagged markedly behind in economic development, with a [[gross domestic product|GDP]] per capita around half of those two provinces in 2017 rapidly improved from 1/3 of those two provinces in 2010. However, the provincial GDP per capita is based on the population registered in the province (that is, with local [[Hukou]]), but not necessarily residing there. There is significant regional disparity, where much of the wealth is concentrated in industrial regions close to the [[Yangtze River]], such as [[Hefei]], Wuhu, and Ma'anshan. The province is home to a large cluster of white goods manufacture such as [[Haier]], Hisense, Whirlpool, Gree, Royalstar, and Meling.

===Major economic and technological development zones===
====Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone====
Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone is located in the southwest of Hefei and was established in 1993. It is located close to Hefei Luogang International Airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/hefei-economic-technological-development-zone/ |title=Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2013-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723233421/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/hefei-economic-technological-development-zone |archive-date=2012-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone====
Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was founded in October 1990 and approved by the [[State Council of China|State Council]] as a state-level Development Zone in March 1991. In 1997, the Development Zone was ratified as an APEC Science and Technology Industrial Park, with special open policies to APEC and EU members. Hefei High Tech Park was also approved as a National High Tech Export Base in 2000 and obtained the award of an Advanced High Tech Zone under the Torch Program in 2003. So far, more than 100 hi-tech enterprises have entered the zone. Industries encouraged in the zone include chemical production and processing, electronics assembly & manufacturing, instruments & industrial equipment, medical Equipment and telecommunications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/hefei-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ |title=Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2013-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723233432/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/hefei-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone |archive-date=2012-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone====
Established in 1993, Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone was the first state-level development zone approved by central government in Anhui, utilising the transportation advantage of the Yangtse Delta at [[Wuhu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/wuhu-economic-technological-development-zone/ |title=RightSite.asia {{!}} Wuhu Economic & Technological Development Zone |access-date=2010-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418215909/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/wuhu-economic-technological-development-zone |archive-date=2010-04-18 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Wuhu Export Processing Zone====
Wuhu Export Processing Zone was approved to be a national level export processing zone, with a total planned area of {{convert|2.95|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/wuhu-export-processing-zone/ |title=Wuhu Export Processing Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2013-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723233459/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/wuhu-export-processing-zone |archive-date=2012-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:201705 CRH380B-3606 at Hefei Station.jpg|thumb|A high-speed train in Hefei railway station]]
[[File:Hefei South Railway Station.jpg|thumb|Hefei South Railway Station]]
[[File:201705 Exit A of Hefei Railway Station Metro.jpg|thumb|a metro entrance in Hefei]]
Historically, Anhui's transport network was hampered by the lack of bridges across the [[Yangtze River]], which divides the province into northern and southern regions. The first bridge across the Yangtze in Anhui, the [[Tongling Yangtze River Bridge]], was completed in 1995. As of October 2014, Anhui had [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|four bridges]] across the Yangtze, at [[Ma'anshan Yangtze River Bridge|Ma'anshan]], [[Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge|Wuhu]], Tongling, and [[Anqing Yangtze River Bridge|Anqing]].

===Rail===
Anhui lacked a developed railway network until this century: most cities are now connected by a high-speed train system. [[Hefei South railway station]] is the high-speed train hub.

===Highway system===
The province set an ambitious plan from 2015 to 2025 for highways including:

[[G3 Beijing-Taipei Expressway]]

[[G40 Shanghai-Xi'an Expressway]]

[[G42 Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway]]

S24 Changshu-Hefei Expressway

===Subway===
Hefei and Wuhu have subway systems. The [[Hefei Metro]] has 2 completed lines, 3 lines under construction and another 10 lines planned. The [[Wuhu Metro]] has 2 subway lines under construction and another 3 lines planned.

===Aviation===
The province has 5 major commercial airports and another 4 are under construction. Hefei Xinqiao International Airport and Huangshan International Airport are the 2 international airports. The 5 airports in operation are:

*[[Hefei Xinqiao International Airport]] {{airport codes|HFE|ZSOF}}
*[[Huangshan Tunxi International Airport]] {{airport codes|TXN|ZSTX}}
*[[Fuyang Xiguan Airport]] {{airport codes|FUG|ZSFY}}
*[[Anqing Tianzhushan Airport]] {{airport codes|AQG|ZSAQ}}
*[[Chizhou Jiuhuashan Airport]] {{airport codes|JUH|ZSJH}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title       = Historical population
|1912<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1912年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>  |16,229,000
|1928<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1928年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |21,715,000
|1936–37<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1936–37年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |23,354,000
|1947<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1947年全国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|archive-date=13 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> |22,462,000
|1954<ref name="census1954">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |archive-date=2009-08-05 }}</ref> |30,343,637
|1964<ref name="census1964">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |archive-date=2012-09-14 }}</ref> |31,241,657
|1982<ref name="census1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |archive-date=2012-05-10 }}</ref> |49,665,724
|1990<ref name="census1990">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |archive-date=2012-06-19 }}</ref> |56,180,813
|2000<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |archive-date=2012-08-29 }}</ref> |58,999,948
|2010<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |archive-date=2013-07-27 }}</ref> |59,500,510
|2020<ref name="census2020" /> |61,027,171}}
[[Han Chinese]] make up the vast majority of the population. The [[Huizhou Chinese]]-speaking Hui and [[She (ethnic group)|She]] are the two largest [[List of Chinese ethnic groups|minorities]].

Anhui has a highly unbalanced gender ratio. According to a 2009 study published in the ''[[British Medical Journal]]'', in the 1–4 age group, there are 138 boys for every 100 girls, making it among the most unbalanced of provinces in China.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1211.full |title=China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey |year=2009 |journal=BMJ |doi=10.1136/bmj.b1211 |access-date=2013-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101005559/http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1211.full |archive-date=2012-01-01 |url-status=live |last1=Zhu |first1=W. X. |last2=Lu |first2=L. |last3=Hesketh |first3=T. |volume=338 |article-number=b1211 |pmid=19359290 |pmc=2667570 }}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Anhui<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2015-09-25 }}</ref>{{NoteTag|The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<ref name="Wang2015" /> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into [[Chinese lineage associations|lineage "churches"]] and [[ancestral shrine]]s). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang. The number of Muslims is taken from a survey reported in the year 2010.<ref name="2010-Islam" />}}
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 0.58
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Chinese ancestral religion]]
|value2 = 4.64
|color2 = FireBrick
|label3 = [[Christianity]]
|value3 = 5.30
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|label4 = Other religions or not religious people{{NoteTag|This may include:
* [[Buddhism|Buddhists]];
* [[Confucianism|Confucians]];
* [[Chinese folk religion|Deity worshippers]];
* [[Taoism|Taoists]];
* Members of [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]];
* And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.}}
|value4 = 89.48
|color4 = Honeydew
}}

The predominant religions in Anhui are [[Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese Buddhism]]. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 4.64% of the population believes and is involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], while 5.30% of the population identifies as Christian.<ref name="Wang2015" /> According to a 2010 survey, Muslims constitute 0.58% of the population of Anhui.<ref name="2010-Islam">Min Junqing. ''The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China''. JISMOR, 8. [https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf 2010 Islam by province, page 29] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427140204/https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf |date=2017-04-27 }}. Data from: Yang Zongde, ''Study on Current Muslim Population in China'', Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</ref>

The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 89.48% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], Taoism and [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]].

{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 550
| image1 = Thousand Armed Avalokitesvara - Guanyin Nunnery - 3.jpeg
| caption1 = [[Avalokitesvara]] of One Thousand Arms at the Guanyin Nunnery.
| image2 = Langyasi.jpg
| caption2 = Langya Buddhist Temple in [[Chuzhou]], Anhui
| image3 = The Qingyun Street Mosque in Fuyang ,China.jpg
| caption3 = The Qingyun Street Mosque in [[Fuyang]], Anhui
| image4 = Buddhist temple courtyard in Qingyang, Chizhou, Anhui, China.jpg
| caption4 = Courtyard of a Buddhist temple in [[Qingyang County]], Anhui
}}
[[File:栖岩寺.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Xiyan Temple]]
{{clear}}

==Culture==
Anhui spans many geographical and cultural regions. The northern, flatter parts of the province, along the [[Huai River]] and further north, are most akin to neighboring provinces like [[Henan]], [[Shandong]] and northern [[Jiangsu]]. In contrast, the southern, hilly parts of the province are more similar in culture and dialect to other southern, hilly provinces, like [[Zhejiang]] and [[Jiangxi]].

[[Mandarin dialects]] are spoken over the northern and central parts of the province, north of the Yangtze river. Dialects to the north (e.g. [[Bengbu dialect]]) are classified as [[Zhongyuan Mandarin]], together with dialects in provinces such as Henan and Shandong; dialects in the central parts (e.g. [[Hefei dialect]]) are classified as [[Jianghuai Mandarin]], together with dialects in the central parts of neighboring [[Jiangsu]] province. Non-Mandarin dialects are spoken to the south of the Yangzi: dialects of [[Wu Chinese|Wu]] are spoken in [[Xuancheng]] [[prefecture-level city]], though these are rapidly being replaced by Jianghuai Mandarin; dialects of [[Gan Chinese|Gan]] are spoken in a few counties in the southwest bordering Jiangxi province;<ref>{{cite book
 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4undxTsMmIC&pg=PA437
 | title=China
 | year=2009
 | author1=Damian Harper
 | author2=Chung Wah Chow
 | author3=David Eimer
 | author4=Thomas Huhti
 | author5=Carolyn B. Heller
 | author6=Robert Kelly
 | publisher=Lonely Planet
 | edition=11, illustrated
 | isbn=978-1-74104-866-7
 | page=437
 | access-date=23 September 2011
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424210155/https://books.google.com/books?id=K4undxTsMmIC&pg=PA437
 | archive-date=24 April 2016
 | url-status=live
 }}</ref> and the [[Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou dialects]] are spoken in about ten counties in the far south, a small but highly diverse and unique group of Chinese dialects.

[[Huangmeixi]], which originated in the environs of [[Anqing]] in southwestern Anhui, is a form of traditional [[Chinese opera]] popular across China. [[Huiju]], a form of traditional opera originating in the [[Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou]]-speaking areas of southern Anhui, is one of the major precursors of [[Beijing Opera]]; in the 1950s, Huiju (which had disappeared) was revived. [[Lu opera|Luju]] is a type of traditional opera found across central Anhui, from east to west.

[[Anhui cuisine]] is one of the eight great traditions of [[Chinese cuisine]]. Combining elements of cooking from northern Anhui, south-central Anhui, and the Huizhou-speaking areas of southern Anhui, Anhui cuisine is known for its use of wild game and herbs, both land and sea, and comparatively simple methods of preparation.

Anhui has a high concentration of traditional products related to calligraphy: Xuanzhou (today [[Xuancheng]]) and Huizhou (today [[Huangshan City]]) are revered for producing [[Xuan Paper]] and Hui [[Inkstick|Ink]] respectively, which are traditionally considered the best types of paper and ink for [[Calligraphy|Chinese calligraphy]]. [[She County, Anhui|She County]] is famous for the [[She Inkstone]], one of the most preferred types of [[inkstone]]s (a required tool in traditional calligraphy).{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

==Education==
{{See also|List of universities and colleges in Anhui}}
[[File:中国科大图书馆.JPG|thumb|University of Science and Technology of China]]
[[File:Main Teaching Building of HFUT.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Main Campus of Hefei University of Technology]]
[[Image:USTC.jpg|thumb|300px|East Campus of [[University of Science and Technology of China]]]]

Anhui has some good universities. Most universities in Anhui are located in Hefei, Wuhu, Bengbu, Maanshan, some of them are pretty well known. Specifically, [[Hefei]] is one of the most important research central cities in China with leading basic scientific research capability.

===Public universities===
*[[University of Science & Technology of China]], One of China's top University as well as world renowned research and engineering institution.
*[[Hefei University of Technology]], China well-known Engineering School
*[[Anhui University]], China Key University
*[[Anhui Agricultural University]], in [[Hefei]]
*[[Anhui Medical University]]
*[[Anhui Normal University]], in [[Wuhu City|Wuhu]]
*[[Anhui University of Finance and Economics]], in [[Bengbu]]
*[[Anhui University of Technology]], in [[Ma'anshan]]
*[[Anhui University of Technology and Science]], in Wuhu City
*[[Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine]]
*[[Anhui University of Science & Technology]], in [[Huainan]]
*[[Anqing Teachers College]], in [[Anqing]]
*[[Fuyang Teachers College]], in [[Fuyang]]
*[[Hefei Normal University]], in Hefei
*[[Wannan Medical College]], in Wuhu City
*[[Hefei Institutes of Physical Science]], [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] in [[Hefei]]
*[[Beihang University]] (BUAA) - Hefei Campus
*[[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] (BFSU) - Hefei Campus
*[[Tianjin University]] (TJU) - Hefei Graduate School
*[[Peking University]] (PKU) - Hefei Graduate School
*[[Tsinghua University]] (THU) - Hefei Institute of Public Safety Research

===Military universities===
* [[National University of Defense Technology]] (NUDT) - Hefei Campus
* PLA Artillery University
* PLA Armoured Force University
* PLA Vehicle University
* PLA Air Force Flight Academy(13th)
* Armed Police Command College(Hefei)

==Tourism==
[[File:Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun-114145.jpg|thumb|Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – [[Xidi]] and [[Hongcun]].]]
Anhui's principal tourism sites include the following:

* Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – [[Xidi]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=xia |first1=hua |title=Village views in E China's Anhui |url=https://english.news.cn/20231116/757bd66df8d34e21a6014ce7ef7bc1d0/c.html |website=Xinhua |access-date=8 April 2024 |date=November 16, 2023}}</ref> and [[Hongcun]] ([[World Heritage Sites|World Heritage Site]]).
* [[Bagong Mountain Scenic Spot]]
* [[Chao Lake]]
* [[Jing Ting Mountain]]
* [[Mount Huangshan]] (World Heritage Site)
* [[Mount Jiuhua]]
* [[Mount Langya (Anhui)|Mount Langya]]
* [[Mount Qiyun]]
* [[Mount Tianzhu]]
* [[Tunxi District|Old Town of Tunxi]]
* [[Taiji Cave]], the longest [[karst]] cave in [[East China]].
* [[Zhenfeng Pagoda]], a [[Ming dynasty]] [[pagoda]] in [[Anqing]] City.
* [[Zuiweng Pavilion]], named after the poet [[Ouyang Xiu]] (1007–1072 AD).

===Development===
In 2008, [[Tourism in France|France]] helped the [[Anhui Provincial Tourism Bureau]] develop a rural tourism demonstration project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinahospitalitynews.com/2008/03/17/5879-anhui-cooperates-with-france-to-build-rural-tourism-area/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908090913/http://www.chinahospitalitynews.com/2008/03/17/5879-anhui-cooperates-with-france-to-build-rural-tourism-area/|title=Anhui Cooperates With France To Build Rural Tourism Area|archive-date=September 8, 2008}}</ref>

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> 
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*[[Xia Jun (economist)|Xia Jun]], economist, telecom researcher and university professor
*[[Qiu Jianliang]], professional kickboxer
*[[Fang Bian]], sanshou fighter and professional kickboxer
*[[Ouyang Feng (kickboxer)|Ouyang Feng]], sanshou fighter and professional kickboxer
*[[Yang Rong (businessman)|Yang Rong]], automotive tycoon
*[[Deng Linlin]], artistic gymnast

==See also==
*[[Major national historical and cultural sites (Anhui)|Major national historical and cultural sites in Anhui]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage|Anhui}}
*[http://english.ah.gov.cn/ Anhui Government website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007200900/http://english.ah.gov.cn/ |date=2015-10-07 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140418165810/http://www.anhui.travel/en/ Anhui Provincial Tourism Administration Official Site]
*[http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/anhui.htm Economic profile for Anhui Province] at [[Hong Kong Trade Development Council|HKTDC]]
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ngan-hui}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Anhui
|North     = [[Shandong]]
|Northeast = [[Jiangsu]]
|East      =
|Southeast = [[Zhejiang]]
|South     = [[Jiangxi]]
|Southwest = [[Hubei]]
|West      =
|Northwest = [[Henan]]
}}

{{Anhui topics}}
{{Anhui}}
{{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anhui| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of China]]
[[Category:East China]]
[[Category:17th-century establishments in China]]