View source for April Fifth Action

{{Infobox political party
| name             = April Fifth Action
| native_name      = {{noitalics|{{nobold|四五行動}}}}
| native_name_lang = zh-Hant-HK
| logo             = 
| leader1_title    = Convenor
| leader1_name     = [[Leung Kwok-hung]]
| colorcode        = #FC0000
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1988}}<ref>{{cite web|title=第一部份：解放馬克思主義者‧四五行動‧929事件|url=http://www.thinkinghk.org/v702--part-1|work=Thinking Hong Kong}}</ref>
| predecessor      = 
| headquarters     = 
| regional         = [[Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)|Pro-democracy camp]]
| ideology         = [[Socialism]] ([[Socialism in Hong Kong|HK]])
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| seats1_title     = [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|90|hex=#FC0000}}
| seats2_title     = [[District Councils of Hong Kong|District Councils]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|0|470|hex=#FC0000}}
| colours          = [[Red]] and [[black]]
| website          = {{URL|http://april5action.blogspot.hk/}}
| country          = Hong Kong
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| order = 
| showflag = 
| t = 四五行動
| j = Sei3 ng5 hang4 dung6
| y = Sei ńgh hàhng duhng
}}
{{Socialism in Hong Kong}}
'''April Fifth Action''' ({{lang-zh|t=四五行動}}) is a Hong Kong [[left-wing]] group named after the [[1976 Tiananmen Incident|first Tiananmen incident]] of 5 April 1976. While the organization's Chinese name translates as "April Fifth Action", English-language media in Hong Kong usually refer to it as the '''April Fifth Action Group''' ('''AFAG''').

==Beliefs==
The April Fifth Action Group was formed on the basis of the Trotskyite [[vanguard party]] [[Revolutionary Marxist League (Hong Kong)|Revolutionary Marxist League]] which was disbanded in 1990. Legislative Council members "Longhair" [[Leung Kwok-hung]] and [[Leung Yiu-chung]] were the founding members of the April Fifth Action Group.

The group believes that without a democratic China, it would be impossible to have a democratic Hong Kong.<ref name="Wingk">Wing-kai Chiu, Stephen. Lui, Tai-Lok.  The Dynamics of Social Movement in Hong Kong. [2000] (2000). Hong Kong University Press. {{ISBN|962-209-497-X}}.</ref> The group is aligned with the [[pro-democracy camp]] in its opposition to the governments of China and the HKSAR.

The group calls for [[universal suffrage]] in Hong Kong, opposes unemployment and poverty, eliminates [[pro-Beijing camp|pro-government parties]], terminates [[one-party state|one-party dictatorship]] in China, sets up unemployment benefits and [[minimum wage]] and strives for the right to hold [[plebiscites]] in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite book|page=162|title= The Dynamics of Beijing-Hong Kong Relations: A Model for Taiwan?|first=Sonny Shiu-hing|last=Lo|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=2008}}</ref> It also calls for release of all dissidents in mainland China and accountability for the [[Tiananmen massacre|Tiananmen massacre of 1989]].

==Protests==
[[File:April Fifth Action 5300006.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Members of the April Fifth Action Group in [[Victoria Park, Hong Kong]] in 2009 to commemorate the victims in the 1989 [[Tiananmen massacre]].]]
The group is well known for its aggressive and [[civil disobedience]]-style actions to protest against the governments of China and Hong Kong during celebrations and visits of state leaders, often resulting in confrontations with the [[Hong Kong police]]. They usually carry a coffin as their trademark protest prop. Its members have also been prosecuted for disrupting meetings of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]] (LegCo).

The group was one of the major supporters of the [[Tiananmen Square protest of 1989]] in Hong Kong. Its members went to the [[New China News Agency]] Hong Kong branch demanding the PRC government open dialogue with students on democratic reform and rule of law in late April.<ref>{{cite book|page=21|title=June Four: A Chronicle of the Chinese Democratic Uprising|publisher=University of Arkansas Press|year=1989}}</ref> It condemned the bloody suppression of the protest. The members were prosecuted with the Summer Offences Ordinance after their demonstrations outside a reception hosted by the New China News Agency on 29 September 1989 to mark the [[National Day of the People's Republic of China]]. That raised concern that the British administration might be using out-of-date and repressive colonial laws for the political appeasing the People's Republic of China government after Beijing accusations that the British Hong Kong administration was allowing Hong Kong to be used as a base for subversion of the People's Republic of China.<ref>{{cite news|page=82|title=The Other Hong Kong Report|first=Joseph Y.S.|last= Cheng|publisher=Chinese University Press}}</ref>

In a protest on 1 June 1997 just a month before the [[handover of Hong Kong]] which drew a crowd of 5,000 people in Hong Kong going from [[Chater Garden]] to the New China News Agency. The group was blocked off by the Hong Kong police, and did not succeed in presenting a petition to the news office.  While the event led Hong Kong news headlines, China's main [[CCTV]] station promoted the opposite propaganda on the mainland by featuring children in [[Wan Chai]] waiving PRC flags.  Critics have questioned the effectiveness of the group, since Beijing has continued to censor news of the group's activities entirely in the mainland.<ref>Knight, Alan.  Nakano, Yoshiko.  [1999] (1999).  Reporting Hong Kong: Foreign Media and the Handover.  Palgrave Macmillan.  {{ISBN|0-312-22429-X}}</ref>

==Elections==
The group's most famous member, [[Leung Kwok-hung]], unsuccessfully contested both the [[2000 Hong Kong legislative election|2000 LegCo election]] and [[2003 Hong Kong local elections|2003 District Council elections]]. He considered the latter battle a victory because of the number of votes he got in the [[Kam Ping (constituency)|Kam Ping constituency]] which traditionally supports [[pro-Beijing camp|pro-Beijing]] candidates. He finally succeeded in the [[2004 Hong Kong Legislative Council election|2004 LegCo election]] and became the first member of the April Fifth Action in the Legislative Council.  His election was widely viewed as a protest vote against the unpopular administration of then Chief Executive [[Tung Chee-hwa]].

Leung attracted controversy by refusing to take the standard oath required for all legislators, instead reciting his own expanded version. Leung Kwok-hung gained most of his voter popularity owing to his relatively radical stance on various issues, criticising the indecision and inefficiency that paralysed the Hong Kong government due to weak leadership under Tung Chee-hwa. Leung was re-elected with an increased majority in 2008 under the [[League of Social Democrats]] banner, becoming the candidate with the most votes in his constituency.

==Electoral performance==

===Legislative Council elections===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-align=center
! '''Election'''
! Number of<br />popular votes
! % of<br />popular votes
! [[Geographical constituency|GC]]<br />seats
! [[Functional constituency (Hong Kong)|FC]]<br />seats
! [[Election Committee (constituency)|EC]]<br />seats
! Total seats
! +/−
! Position
|-
! [[2000 Hong Kong legislative election|2000]]
| 18,235{{increase}}
| 1.38{{increase}}
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{Composition bar|0|60|hex={{party color|April Fifth Action}}}}
| 0{{nochange}}
| N/A
|-
! [[2004 Hong Kong legislative election|2004]]
| 60,925{{decrease}}
| 3.44{{decrease}}
| 1
| 0
| rowspan=4| 
| {{Composition bar|1|60|hex={{party color|April Fifth Action}}}}
| 1{{increase}}
| 4th{{increase}}
|-
! [[2008 Hong Kong legislative election|2008]]
| colspan=2 align=center | ''[[League of Social Democrats|LSD]] ticket''
| 1
| 0
| {{Composition bar|1|60|hex={{party color|April Fifth Action}}}}
| 0{{nochange}}
| N/A
|-
! [[2012 Hong Kong legislative election|2012]]
| colspan=2 align=center | ''[[League of Social Democrats|LSD]] ticket''
| 1
| 0
| {{Composition bar|1|60|hex={{party color|April Fifth Action}}}}
| 0{{nochange}}
| N/A
|-
! [[2016 Hong Kong legislative election|2016]]
| colspan=2 align=center | ''[[League of Social Democrats|LSD]] ticket''
| 1
| 0
| {{Composition bar|1|60|hex={{party color|April Fifth Action}}}}
| 0{{nochange}}
| N/A
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Hong Kong political parties}}

[[Category:1988 establishments in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1988]]
[[Category:Member organisations of the Civil Human Rights Front]]
[[Category:Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in Hong Kong]]