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{{Hatnote|This article is about the modern Italian ''comune''. For the ancient Roman city at the same site, see [[Roman Aquileia]].}}{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Aquileia
| official_name       = Comune di Aquileia
| native_name         = {{lang|fur|Olee}} / {{native name|fur|Acuilee}}
| image_skyline       =Basilica Patriarcale (Aquileia) - Exterior.jpg
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
| image_flag         = Aquileia-Bandiera.svg
| image_caption   = The [[Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia|Basilica of Aquileia]].
| image_shield        = Aquileia-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = 
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| coordinates         = {{coord|45|46|11.01|N|13|22|16.29|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
| province            = [[Province of Udine|Udine]] (UD)
| frazioni            = Beligna, Belvedere, Viola, Monastero
| mayor_party         = 
| mayor               = Emanuele Zorino
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 37.44
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 3302
| population_as_of    = 30 April 2017
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Aquileiesi
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 5
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
| istat               = 030004
| saint               = [[Hermagoras of Aquileia|Sts. Hermagoras and Fortunatus]]
| day                 = July 12
| postal_code         = 33051
| area_code           = 0431
| website             = {{official website|http://www.comune.aquileia.ud.it}}
| footnotes           = 
  {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
  |child = yes
  |Official_name = Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal [[Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia|Basilica of Aquileia]]
  |ID = 825
  |Year = 1998
  |Criteria = Cultural: iii, iv, vi
}}
}}
'''Aquileia'''{{#tag:ref|{{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|æ|k|w|ɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ə}} {{respell|AK|wil|EE|ə}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/aquileia|title=Aquileia|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=April 6, 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|ɑː|k|w|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ|ə}} {{respell|AH|kwil|AY|ə}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Aquileia|access-date=April 6, 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|it|akwiˈlɛːja|lang}}; {{langx|fur|Olee}} / {{lang|fur|Olea}} / {{lang|fur|Acuilee}} / {{lang|fur|Aquilee}} / {{lang|fur|Aquilea}};<ref name="Gemeindelexikon">Bilingual name of ''Aquileja – Oglej'' in: {{cite book|url=http://www.austriahungary.info/en/gazetteer1900/kustenland/gradisca_-_gradiska|title=Gemeindelexikon, der im Reichsrate Vertretenen Königreiche und Länder. Herausgegeben von der K.K. Statistischen Zentralkommission. VII. Österreichisch-Illyrisches Küstenland (Triest, Görz und Gradiska, Istrien).|language=de|location=Vienna|year=1910}}</ref> {{langx|vec|Aquiłeja}} / {{lang|vec|Aquiłegia}}; {{langx|sl|Oglej}}.|group=note}} is a {{lang|it|[[comune]]}} (municipality) in the [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] region of northeastern [[Italy]]. It is situated at the head of the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] at the edge of the lagoons, about {{convert|10|km|mi|0}} from the sea, on the river Natiso (modern [[Natisone]]), the course of which has changed somewhat since the Roman era.

In [[classical antiquity]], [[Roman Aquileia|Aquileia]] was a major [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city with an estimated population close to 100,000 in the 2nd century CE.<ref>{{Google books|id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ|page=129|title=The Oxford Classical Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{Google books|id=E8jWKNOzdXgC|page=16|title=A Brief History of Venice}}</ref> Founded as a [[Colonia (Roman)|Roman military colony]] in 181 BCE, Aquileia became the capital of the Augustan X region and a metropolitan center for [[early Christianity]]. During [[late antiquity]], it was the first city in the [[Italian Peninsula]] to be [[Sack of Aquileia|sacked]] by [[Attila the Hun]].

Today, Aquileia is one of the most significant archaeological sites in northern Italy. Its ruins, including mosaics and an early Christian basilica, are a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. Aquileia also holds historical importance as one of the former capitals of [[Friuli]], with its coat of arms being the symbol of the region.

==History==
===Classical Antiquity===
{{Main article|Roman Aquileia}}

====Roman Republic====
[[File:Udine aquileia2.jpg|thumb|left|A view of the archaeological area of Aquileia.]]
Aquileia was founded as a colony by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] in 180/181&nbsp;BC along the Natiso River, on land south of the [[Julian Alps]] but about {{convert|13|km|mi|0}} north of the lagoons. The colony served as a strategic frontier fortress at the north-east corner of [[transpadane]] Italy (on the far side of the Po river) and was intended to protect the [[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]], faithful allies of Rome during the invasion of [[Hannibal]] in the [[Second Punic War]] and during the [[Illyrian Wars]]. The colony would serve as a citadel to check the advance into [[Cisalpine Gaul]] of other warlike peoples, such as the hostile [[Carni]] to the northeast in what is now [[Carnia]] and [[Histri]] tribes to the southeast in what is now [[Istria]]. In fact, the site chosen for Aquileia was about {{Convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} from where an estimated 12,000 Celtic [[Taurisci]] had attempted to settle in 183&nbsp;BC. However, since the thirteenth century BC, the site, on the river and at the head of the Adriatic, had also been of commercial importance as the end of the [[Baltic amber]] (''sucinum'') trade. It is, therefore, theoretically not unlikely that Aquileia had been a [[Gaul|Gallic]] ''[[oppidum]]'' even before the coming of the Romans. However, few Celtic artefacts have been discovered from 500 BC to the Roman arrival.<ref name="G. Bandelli 1982">G. Bandelli, "Aquileia dalla fondazione al II secolo d.C" in ''Aquileia dalla fondazione al alto medioevo,'' M. Buora, ed. (Udine: Arte Grafiche Friulane, 1982), 20.</ref>

The colony was established with [[Latin Rights]] by the triumvirate of [[Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (consul 191 BC)|Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica]], [[Gaius Flaminius (consul 187 BC)|Caius Flaminius]], and [[Lucius Manlius Acidinus]], two of whom were of [[consul]]ar and one of [[praetor]]ian rank. Each of the men had first-hand knowledge of Cisalpine Gaul. Nasica had conquered the [[Boii]] in 191. Flaminius had overseen the construction of the road named after him from Bononia ([[Bologna]]) to Arretium ([[Arezzo]]). Acidinus had conquered the Taurisci in 183.<ref>Livy, XL, 34, 2-4.</ref><ref>E. Mangani, F. Rebecchi, and M.J. Srazzulla, ''Emilia Venezie'' (Bari: Laterza & Figli, 1981), 210.</ref>

The triumvirate led 3,000 families to settle the area{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}} meaning Aquileia probably had a population of 20,000 soon after its founding.{{vague|date=December 2016}} Meanwhile, based on the evidence of names chiselled on stone, the majority of colonizing families came from [[Picenum]], [[Samnium]], and [[Campania]], which also explains why the colony was ''Latin'' and not ''Roman''. Among these colonists, ''pedites'' received 50 ''[[iugera]]'' of land each, ''[[centurion]]es'' received 100 ''iugera'' each, and ''equites'' received 140 ''iugera'' each. Either at the founding or not long afterwards, colonists from the nearby [[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] supplemented these families.<ref name="G. Bandelli 1982" />

Roads soon connected Aquileia with the Roman colony of Bologna probably in 173 BC. In 148 BC, it was connected with [[Genoa|Genua]] by the ''[[Via Postumia]]'', which stretched across the [[Padania|Padanian plain]] from Aquileia through or near to [[Oderzo|Opitergium]], [[Treviso|Tarvisium]], [[Vicenza|Vicetia]], [[Verona]], [[Calvatone|Bedriacum]], and the three Roman colonies of [[Cremona]], [[Piacenza|Placentia]], and [[Tortona|Dertona]].{{cn|date=January 2025}} The construction of the ''[[Via Popilia]]'' from the Roman colony of [[Rimini|Ariminium]] to Ad Portum near [[Altinum]] in 132 BC improved communications still further. In the first century, the ''[[Via Gemina]]'' would link Aquileia with Emona to the east of the Julian Alps, and by 78 or 79 the ''[[Via Flavia]]'' would link Aquileia to [[Pula]].{{cn|date=January 2025}}

Meanwhile, in 169&nbsp;BC, 1,500 more Latin colonists with their families, led by the triumvirate of Titus Annius Lucius, Publius Decius Subulo, and [[Marcus Cornelius Cethegus (consul 160 BC)|Marcus Cornelius Cethegus]], settled in the town as a reinforcement to the garrison.<ref>Livy XLIII 17,1</ref> The discovery of the gold fields near the modern [[Klagenfurt]] in 130&nbsp;BC<ref>Strabo IV. 208</ref> brought the growing colony into further notice, and it soon became a place of importance, not only owing to its strategic military position, but as a centre of commerce, especially in agricultural products and [[viticulture]]. It also had, in later times at least, considerable [[brickfield]]s.

In 90&nbsp;BC, the original [[Latin]] colony became a ''[[municipium]]'' and its citizens were ascribed to the [[Roman tribe]] Velina. The customs boundary of Italy was close by in [[Cicero]]'s day. [[Julius Caesar]] visited the city on a number of occasions and pitched a winter camp nearby in 59–58 BC.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==== Roman Empire ====
Although the [[Iapydes]] plundered Aquileia during the [[Augustus|Augustan period]], subsequent increased settlement and no lack of profitable work meant the city was able to develop its resources. Jewish artisans established a flourishing trade in [[Roman glass|glass-work]]. Metal from [[Noricum]] was [[Forging|forged]] and exported. The ancient Venetic trade in amber from the Baltic continued. Wine, especially its famous ''Pucinum'' was exported. [[Olive oil]] was imported from [[Proconsular Africa]]. By sea, the port of Aquae Gradatae ''(''modern [[Grado, Friuli Venezia Giulia|Grado]]) was developed. On land, Aquileia was the starting-point of several important roads leading outside Italy to the north-eastern portion of the empire — the road (''[[Via Julia Augusta]]'') by Iulium Carnicum ([[Zuglio]]) to Veldidena (mod. [[Wilten]], near [[Innsbruck]]), from which branched off the road into [[Noricum]], leading by Virunum ([[Klagenfurt]]) to Laurieum ([[Lorch, Austria|Lorch]]) on the [[Danube]], the road leading via [[Emona]] into [[Pannonia]] and to [[Sirmium]] ([[Sremska Mitrovica]]), the road to [[Tarsatica]] (near Fiume, now [[Rijeka]]) and Siscia ([[Sisak]]), and the road to Tergeste ([[Trieste]]) and the [[Istria]]n coast.

[[Augustus]] was the first of a number of emperors to visit Aquileia, notably during the Pannonian wars in 12–10&nbsp;BC. It was the birthplace of [[Tiberius]]' son by Julia, in the latter year. The Roman poet [[Martial]] praised Aquileia as his hoped-for haven and resting place in his old age.<ref>Martial, ''Epigrams'' lib. 4, 25: Aemula Baianis Altini litora villis et Phaethontei conscia silva rogi, quaeque Antenoreo Dryadum pulcherrima Fauno nupsit ad Euganeos Sola puella lacus, et tu Ledaeo felix Aquileia Timauo, hic ubi septenas Cyllarus hausit aquas:
 uos eritis nostrae requies portusque senectae, si iuris fuerint otia nostra sui. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/martial/mart4.shtml</ref>

In terms of religion, the populace adopted the Roman pantheon, although the [[Celts|Celtic]] sun-god, [[Belenus]], had a large following. [[History of the Jews in the Roman Empire|Jews]] practiced their ancestral religion. Meanwhile, soldiers brought the martial [[cult of Mithras]].
[[File:Binnenhafen von Aquileia.JPG|thumb|The ancient inland port of Aquileia]]
In the war against the [[Marcomanni]] in 167, the town was hard pressed; its fortifications had fallen into disrepair during the long peace. Nevertheless, when in 168 [[Marcus Aurelius]] made Aquileia the principal fortress of the empire against the barbarians of the North and East, it rose to the pinnacle of its greatness and soon had a population of 100,000. [[Septimius Severus]] visited in 193. In 238, when the town took the side of the [[Roman Senate|Senate]] against the emperor [[Maximinus Thrax]], the fortifications were hastily restored, and proved of sufficient strength to [[Siege of Aquileia|resist for several months]], until Maximinus himself was assassinated.

=== Late Antiquity ===
An imperial palace was constructed in Aquileia, in which the emperors after the time of [[Diocletian]] frequently resided.{{sfn|Glaser|Pochmarski|2012|p=53}}
[[File:As Flavius Victor- aquileia RIC 055b1.jpg|thumb|left|Roman Emperor [[Flavius Victor]] on this [[as (coin)|as]] struck in Aquileia mint]]
During the fourth century, Aquileia maintained its importance. [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]] sojourned there on numerous occasions. It became a naval station and the seat of the ''[[Corrector]] Venetiarum et Histriae''. A mint was established, of which the coins were very numerous. The bishop of the [[Diocese of Aquileia]] obtained the rank of [[metropolitan archbishop]]. A [[Council of Aquileia, 381|council held in the city in 381]] was only the first of a series of [[Councils of Aquileia]] that have been convened over the centuries. However, the city played a part in the struggles between the rulers of the fourth century. In 340, the emperor [[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]] was killed nearby while invading the territory of his younger brother [[Constans]].
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 51r 1.png|thumb|240px|''Aquileia'' in a 1493 woodcut from [[Hartmann Schedel]]'s ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'']]
At the end of the fourth century, [[Ausonius]] enumerated Aquileia as the ninth among the great cities of the world, placing Rome, [[Constantinople]], [[Carthage]], [[Antioch]], [[Alexandria]], [[Trier]], [[Mediolanum]], and [[Capua]] before it. However, such prominence made it a target and [[Alaric I|Alaric]] and the [[Visigoths]] besieged it in 401, during which time some of its residents fled to the nearby lagoons. Alaric again attacked it in 408. [[Attila]] attacked the city in 452. During this invasion, on July 18, Attila and his Huns so [[Sack of Aquileia|utterly destroyed]] the city that it was afterwards hard to recognize its original site. The fall of Aquileia was the first of Attila's incursions into Roman territory; followed by cities like [[Mediolanum]] and [[Ticinum]].<ref name=Calgary>{{cite web |url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#XLII |title=THE ORIGINS AND DEEDS OF THE GOTHS |author=Jordanes |author-link=Jordanes |year=1997 |work=[[Getica]] |publisher=[[University of Calgary]] |access-date=16 August 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102525/http://people.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html| archive-date= 16 July 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> The Roman inhabitants, together with those of smaller towns in the neighbourhood, fled ''en masse'' to the lagoons, where they laid the foundations of the cities of [[Venice]] and nearby [[Grado, Friuli Venezia Giulia|Grado]].

Yet Aquileia would rise again, though much diminished, and continue to exist until the [[Lombards]] invaded in 568; the Lombards destroyed it a second time in 590. Meanwhile, the patriarch fled to the island town of Grado, which was under the protection of the Byzantines. When the patriarch residing in Grado reconciled with Rome in 606, those continuing in the [[Schism of the Three Chapters]], rejecting the [[Second Council of Constantinople]], elected a patriarch at Aquileia. Thus, the diocese was essentially divided into two parts, with the [[mainland patriarchate of Aquileia]] under the protection of the Lombards, and the [[Patriarch of Grado|insular patriarchate of Aquileia seated in Grado]] being protected by the [[exarchate of Ravenna]] and later the [[Doges of Venice]], with the collusion of the Lombards. The line of the patriarchs elected in Aquileia would continue in schism until 699. However, although they kept the title of patriarch of Aquileia, they moved their residence first to [[Cormons]] and later to [[Cividale]].

=== Middle Ages ===
{{unreferencedsect|date=January 2025}}
{{main|Patriarchate of Aquileia (State)}}
The Lombard [[dukes of Friuli]] ruled Aquileia and the surrounding mainland territory from [[Cividale]]. In 774, [[Charlemagne]] conquered the Lombard duchy and made it into a Frankish one with [[Eric of Friuli]] as duke. In 787, Charlemagne named the priest and ''master of grammar'' at the Palace School of [[Paulinus II of Aquileia|Paulinus II]], the new patriarch of Aquileia. The patriarchate, despite being divided with a northern portion assigned to the pastoral care of the newly created Archbishopric of Salzburg, would remain one of the largest dioceses. Although Paulinus resided mainly at Cividale, his successor Maxentius considered rebuilding Aquileia. However, the project never came to fruition.

While Maxentius was patriarch, the [[pope]] approved the Synod of Mantua, which affirmed the precedence of the mainland patriarch of Aquileia over the patriarch of Grado. However, material conditions were soon to worsen for Aquileia. The ruins of Aquileia were continually pillaged for building material. And with the collapse of the [[Carolingians]] in the tenth century, the inhabitants would suffer under the raids of the [[Magyars]].

By the eleventh century, the patriarch of Aquileia had grown strong enough to assert temporal sovereignty over Friuli and Aquileia. The Holy Roman Emperor gave the region to the patriarch as a feudal possession. However, the patriarch's temporal authority was constantly disputed and assailed by the territorial nobility.

In 1027 and 1044, Patriarch [[Poppo of Aquileia]], who rebuilt the cathedral of Aquileia, entered and sacked neighbouring Grado, and, though the Pope reconfirmed the Patriarch of the latter in his dignities, the town never fully recovered, though it continued to be the seat of the Patriarchate until its formal transference to Venice in 1450.

In the fourteenth century, the Patriarchal State reached its largest extension, stretching from the [[Piave (river)|Piave river]] to the [[Julian Alps]] and northern [[Istria]]. The seat of the Patriarchate of Aquileia had been transferred to [[Udine]] in 1238, but returned to Aquileia in 1420 when [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] annexed the territory of Udine.

In 1445, the defeated patriarch [[Ludovico Trevisan]] acquiesced in the loss of his ancient temporal estate in return for an annual salary of 5,000 [[ducat]]s allowed him from the Venetian treasury. Henceforth only Venetians were allowed to hold the title of Patriarch of Aquileia. The Patriarchal State was incorporated into the Republic of Venice with the name of ''Patria del Friuli'', ruled by a ''[[provveditore generale]]'' or a ''[[luogotenente]]'' living in Udine.

=== Modern era ===
In the 16th century Aquileia fell under the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] [[County of Gorizia]] (later the [[Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca]]), a part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].

The patriarchal diocese was finally officially suppressed in 1751, and the sees of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Udine|Udine]] and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gorizia|Gorizia]] were established from its territory.

During the [[Napoleonic Wars]] Aquileia was annexed to the [[Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy]] by the 1807 Treaty of Fontainebleau. It returned to [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] control in 1815 following the [[Congress of Vienna]], initially as part of the [[Kingdom of Illyria]], then the reconstituted Gorizia and Gradisca (part of the [[Austrian Littoral]]).

Following the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] defeat in [[World War I]], Aquileia passed to the [[Kingdom of Italy]] in 1920 ([[Treaty of Rapallo (1920)|Treaty of Rapallo]]).
<gallery>
File:Aquileia, Basilica. Interno - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto.jpg|Interior of the cathedral, with the mosaic pavement.
File:Aquileia, Basilica. Montone Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto.jpg|Ancient mosaic in the cathedral.
File:Aquileia. La passeggiata archeologica. Foto di Giovanni Dall'Orto.jpg|The archaeological walk.
</gallery>

==Main sights==

===Cathedral===<!-- This section is linked from [[List of cathedrals]] -->
[[Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia|Aquileia Cathedral]] is a flat-roofed basilica that was erected by Patriarch Poppo in 1031 on the site of an earlier church and rebuilt in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style by Patriarch [[Marquard von Randeck|Marquard of Randeck]] (1365–1381).{{sfn|Glaser|Pochmarski|2012|pp=59–83}}

===Ancient Roman Remains===
{{Unreferencedsect|date=January 2025}}
Aquileia is a smaller town today than the colony first founded by Rome. Over the centuries, sieges, earthquakes, floods and pillaging of the ancient buildings for materials mean that no building from the Roman period remain above ground. The site of Aquileia is believed to be the largest Roman city yet to be excavated and is on the [[UNESCO World Heritage List]]. Excavations, however, have revealed some of the layout of the Roman town like a segment of a street, the north-western angle of the town walls; the river port; and the former locations of baths, an [[amphitheatre]], a [[circus (building)|circus]], a cemetery, the ''Via Sacra'', the [[forum (Roman)|forum]] and a market. The [[National Archaeological Museum of Aquileia]] contains over 2,000 inscriptions, statues and other antiquities and mosaics, as well as glasses of local production and a [[Numismatics|collection]].

===Others===
In the Monastero fraction is a fifth-century Christian basilica, later a [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine monastery]], which now houses the Palaeo-Christian Museum.{{sfn|Glaser|Pochmarski|2012|pp=83–95}} Another Byzantine-style basilica, expanded in the 6th century under Justinian, was discovered at the site in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mark |date=2024-11-21 |title=Archaeologists uncover an early Christian basilica in Aquileia |url=https://www.heritagedaily.com/2024/11/archaeologists-uncover-an-early-christian-basilica-in-aquileia/153948 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=HeritageDaily - Archaeology News |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Pope Pius I]] is believed to have been born at Aquileia during the late first century.
*[[Saint Chrysogonus]] was [[martyr]]ed here in the beginning of the fourth century.
*[[Licia Kokocinski]] - Australian politician

==Twin towns – sister cities==
Aquileia is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following settlements:<ref name=sister>{{cite web|title=Gemellaggi|url=http://www.comune.aquileia.ud.it/Gemellaggi.6844.0.html?&L=qdwzsdpckdf|access-date=4 November 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Piran]], Slovenia
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Maria Saal]], Austria

==See also==
*[[Schism of the Three Chapters]]
*[[Aquileian rite]]
*[[Councils of Aquileia]]
*[[List of Aquileia Bishops and patriarchs]]
*[[Acaste Bresciani]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==General references==
* [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]
* Neher in Kirchenlexikon I, 1184–89
* De Rubeis, ''Monumenta Eccles. Aquil.'' (Strasburg, 1740)
* [[Ferdinando Ughelli]], ''Italia Sacra'', I sqq.; X, 207
* Cappelletti, ''Chiese d'Italia'', VIII, 1 sqq.
* Menzano, ''Annali del Friuli'' (1858–68)
* Paschini, ''Sulle Origini della Chiesa di Aquileia'' (1904)
* Glaschroeder, in Buchberger's Kirchl. Handl. (Munich, 1904), I, 300-301
* [[Karl Josef von Hefele|Hefele]], Conciliengesch. II, 914–23.
* For the episcopal succession, see [[P. B. Gams]], ''Series episcoporum'' (Ratisbon, 1873–86), and [[Eubel]], ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'' (Muenster, 1898).
* {{cite book|last1=Glaser|first1=Franz|last2=Pochmarski|first2=Erwin|title=Aquileia. Der archäologische Führer|publisher=Philipp von Zabern|location=Darmstadt/Mainz|year=2012|language=German|ISBN=978-3-8053-4277-3}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Aquileia}}
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.burger.si/Italy/Aquileia/uvod_ENG.html Aquileia virtual tour (Italian Landmarks)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055308/http://www.terrediaquileia.it/docebo/doceboCms/index.php?special=changearea&newArea=572 Pre-Roman and Celtic Aquileia]
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/story/archaeological-area-and-the-patriarchal-basilica-of-aquileia/kwKyLyfz6n4tIw Explore the Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture]
* [http://news.coinupdate.com/aquileia-euro-coin-from-the-italian-state-mint-0473/ Aquileia featured on 10 Euro Italian Coin]

{{Province of Udine}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Italy}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aquileia| ]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 2nd century BC]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 2nd century BC]]
[[Category:180 BC]]
[[Category:180s BC establishments]]
[[Category:Coloniae (Roman)]]
[[Category:Destroyed populated places]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Italy]]
[[Category:Domini di Terraferma]]
[[Category:Razed cities]]