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{{Short description|British iron moulder, Labour politician and Nobel laureate}}
{{for-multi|the 1940s government minister|Arthur Henderson, Baron Rowley|other people|Arthur Henderson (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = Arthur Henderson
| honorific-suffix    = 
| image               = 1910 Arthur Henderson.jpg
| office              = [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| term_start          = 1 September 1931
| term_end            = 25 October 1932
| monarch             = [[George V]]
| primeminister       = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| predecessor         = [[Stanley Baldwin]]
| successor           = [[George Lansbury]]
| office1             = [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]]
| deputy1             = [[John Robert Clynes]]
| term_start1         = 28 August 1931
| term_end1           = 25 October 1932
| predecessor1        = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| successor1          = [[George Lansbury]]
| term_start2         = 5 August 1914
| term_end2           = 24 October 1917
<!-- | 3blankname2         = Chief Whip
| 3namedata2          = [[Frank Goldstone]]<br />[[George Henry Roberts]] -->
| predecessor2        = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| successor2          = [[William Adamson]]
| term_start3         = 22 January 1908
| term_end3           = 14 February 1910
<!-- | 3blankname3         = Chief Whip
| 3namedata3          = [[George Henry Roberts]] -->
| predecessor3        = [[Keir Hardie]]
| successor3          = [[George Barnes (British politician)|George Barnes]]
| office4             = [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]]
| term_start4         = 7 June 1929
| term_end4           = 24 August 1931
| primeminister4      = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| predecessor4        = [[Austen Chamberlain]]
| successor4          = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|The Marquess of Reading]]
<!-- | office5             = [[Chief Whip of the Labour Party]]
| leader5             = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| term_start5         = 1925
| term_end5           = 1927
| predecessor5        = [[Ben Spoor]]
| successor5          = [[Tom Kennedy (Kirkcaldy MP)|Tom Kennedy]]
| leader6             = [[John Robert Clynes]]<br />[[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| term_start6         = 1920
| term_end6           = 1924
| predecessor6        = [[William Tyson Wilson]]
| successor6          = [[Ben Spoor]]
| leader7             = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| term_start7         = 1914
| term_end7           = 1914
| predecessor7        = [[George Henry Roberts]]
| successor7          = [[Frank Walter Goldstone]]
| term_start8         = 8 February 1906
| term_end8           = 1907
| predecessor8        = [[David Shackleton]]
| successor8          = [[George Henry Roberts]] -->
| office9             = [[Home Secretary]]
| primeminister9      = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| term_start9         = 23 January 1924
| term_end9           = 4 November 1924
| predecessor9        = [[William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman|William Bridgeman]]
| successor9          = [[Sir William Joynson-Hicks]]
| office10            = [[Minister without portfolio (United Kingdom)|Minister without portfolio]]
| primeminister10     = [[David Lloyd George]]
| term_start10        = 10 December 1916
| term_end10          = 12 August 1917
| predecessor10       = [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|The Marquess of Lansdowne]]
| successor10         = [[George Nicoll Barnes]]
| office11            = [[Paymaster General]]
| primeminister11     = [[H. H. Asquith]]
| term_start11        = 18 August 1916
| term_end11          = 10 December 1916
| predecessor11       = [[Thomas Legh, 2nd Baron Newton|Thomas Legh]]
| successor11         = [[Joseph Compton-Rickett]]
| office12            = [[Secretary of State for Education and Skills|President of the Board of Education]]
| primeminister12     = [[H. H. Asquith]]
| term_start12        = 25 May 1915
| term_end12          = 18 August 1916
| predecessor12       = [[Jack Pease]]
| successor12         = [[Robert Crewe-Milnes]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Member of Parliament
|cont=yes|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder|embed = yes
| constituency_MP     = Clay Cross
| term_start          = 1 September 1933
| term_end            = 20 October 1935
| predecessor         = [[Charles Duncan (politician)|Charles Duncan]]
| successor           = [[Alfred Holland (politician)|Alfred Holland]]
| constituency_MP1    = Burnley
| term_start1         = 28 February 1924
| term_end1           = 7 October 1931
| predecessor1        = [[Dan Irving]]
| successor1          = [[Gordon Campbell (Royal Navy officer)|Gordon Campbell]]
| constituency_MP2    = Newcastle upon Tyne East
| term_start2         = 17 January 1923
| term_end2           = 16 November 1923
| predecessor2        = [[Joseph Nicholas Bell]]
| successor2          = [[Sir Robert Aske, 1st Baronet|Sir Robert Aske]]
| constituency_MP3    = Widnes
| term_start3         = 30 August 1919
| term_end3           = 26 October 1922
| predecessor3        = [[William Hall Walker]]
| successor3          = [[George Christopher Clayton]]
| constituency_MP4    = Barnard Castle
| term_start4         = 30 August 1903
| term_end4           = 25 November 1918
| predecessor4        = [[Sir Joseph Pease, 1st Baronet|Sir Joseph Pease]]
| successor4          = [[John Edmund Swan]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
| birth_date          = 13 September 1863
| birth_place         = Glasgow, Scotland
| death_place         = London, England
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1935|10|20|1863|09|13|df=y}}
| party               = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
| caption             = Henderson {{circa|1910–15}}
}}

'''Arthur Henderson''' (13 September 1863 – 20 October 1935) was a British [[iron moulder]] and [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] [[politician]]. He was the first Labour [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] minister, won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1934 and, uniquely, served three separate terms as [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]] in three different decades, and was elected to parliament in five by-elections in different constituencies. He was popular among his colleagues, who called him "Uncle Arthur" in acknowledgement of his integrity, his devotion to the cause and his imperturbability. He was a transitional figure whose policies were, at first, close to those of the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]]. The [[trades unions]] rejected his emphasis on arbitration and conciliation, and thwarted his goal of unifying the Labour Party and the trade unions.

== Early life ==
Arthur Henderson was born at 10 Paterson Street, [[Anderston]], [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]], in 1863, the son of Agnes, a domestic servant, and David Henderson, a textile worker who died when Arthur was ten years old. After his father's death, the Hendersons moved to [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] in the [[North-East of England]], where Agnes later married Robert Heath.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spartacus-educational.com/TUhenderson.htm|title = Arthur Henderson}}</ref>

Henderson worked at Robert Stephenson and Sons' General Foundry Works from the age of twelve. After finishing his apprenticeship there aged seventeen, he moved to [[Southampton]] for a year and then returned to work as an [[iron moulder]] (a type of [[foundryman]]) in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Henderson became a [[Methodist]] in 1879 (having previously been a [[Congregationalist]]) and became a [[local preacher|Local Preacher]]. After he lost his job in 1884, he concentrated on preaching.

== Union leader and Liberal Party activist==
In 1892, Henderson entered the complex world of trade union politics when he was elected as a paid organiser for the [[Friendly Society of Iron Founders]]. He also became a representative on the North East Conciliation Board. Henderson believed that [[Strike action|strikes]] caused more harm than they were worth and tried to avoid them whenever he could. For this reason, he opposed the formation of the [[General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)|General Federation of Trade Unions]], as he was convinced that it would lead to more strikes. In 1893 he also became active in politics, becoming a local Councillor on [[Newcastle City Council]] for the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]]. In 1896 he served as the [[election agent]] for Sir [[Sir Joseph Pease, 1st Baronet|Joseph Pease]], Liberal Party MP for [[Barnard Castle (UK Parliament constituency)|Barnard Castle]], County Durham.<ref name="TNA Arthur Henderson papers">{{cite web |title=Papers of Arthur Henderson |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/7b01376f-489c-4c43-8e54-6ea3922c2e1a |website=The National Archives |publisher=The National Archive |access-date=24 April 2025 |language=English |date=1915–1940}}</ref>

== The Labour Representation Committee ==
In 1900 Henderson was one of the 129 trade union and socialist delegates who passed [[Keir Hardie|Keir Hardie's]] motion to create the [[British Labour Party#Labour Representation Committee (1900–1906)|Labour Representation Committee]] (LRC). In 1903, Henderson was elected Treasurer of the LRC and was also elected as [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Barnard Castle (UK Parliament constituency)|Barnard Castle]] at a [[1903 Barnard Castle by-election|by-election]]. From 1903 to 1904, Henderson also served as mayor of [[Darlington, County Durham]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/10330798.arthur-henderson-labour-pioneer/|title=Arthur Henderson: a Labour pioneer|website=The Northern Echo|date=3 April 2013 }}</ref>

== The Labour Party ==
[[File:Labour Representation Committee leaders 1906.jpg|thumb|Henderson (on left) in 1906, with other leading figures in the new Labour Party]]
In 1906, the LRC changed its name to the Labour Party after it won 29 seats at the [[1906 United Kingdom general election|general election]]. In 1908, when Hardie resigned as Leader of the Labour Party, Henderson was elected to replace him. He remained Leader until his own resignation two years later, in 1910.

== Cabinet Minister ==
In 1914 the [[First World War]] broke out and [[Ramsay MacDonald]] resigned from the [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leadership of the Labour Party]] in protest. Henderson was elected to replace him.  The two became enemies.<ref>Christopher Howard, "MacDonald, Henderson, and the Outbreak of War, 1914." ''Historical Journal'' 20.4 (1977): 871–891. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638412 online]</ref>

In 1915, following Prime Minister [[H. H. Asquith]]'s decision to create a [[Asquith coalition ministry|coalition government]], Henderson became the first member of the Labour Party to become a member of the Cabinet, as [[President of the Board of Education]]. In this capacity he proposed the foundation of the [[Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (United Kingdom)|Department of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref name="Hansard DSIR 1956">{{cite web |title=Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bill H L |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/lords/1956-04-10/debates/093b7e65-b1e5-4412-b45d-ad4cb17c1283/DepartmentOfScientificAndIndustrialResearchBillHL |website=Hansard |publisher=UK Parliament |date=1956}}</ref>

In 1916, [[David Lloyd George]] forced Asquith to resign and replaced him as Prime Minister. Henderson became a member of the small [[War Cabinet]] with the post of [[Minister without portfolio (United Kingdom)|Minister without Portfolio]] on 9 December 1916. The other Labour representatives who joined Henderson in Lloyd George's coalition government were [[John Hodge (politician)|John Hodge]], who became [[Secretary of State for Employment|Minister of Labour]], and [[George Barnes (British politician)|George Barnes]], who became [[Secretary of State for Work and Pensions|Minister of Pensions]]. Henderson resigned on 11 August 1917 after his proposal for an international conference on the war was rejected by the rest of the Cabinet.<ref>Eric Hopkins, ''A Social History of the English Working Classes, 1815–1945'' (Hodder & Stoughton, 1979) p. 219. {{ISBN|0713103167}}.</ref><ref>[http://filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pdfs/large/cab-23-3.pdf UK National Archives, CAB 23-3, ''pg. 372 of 545'']</ref> The [[Labour National Executive Committee]] had rejected the [[Second International]]'s request for a meeting of European socialist parties on the war in [[Stockholm]], but after Henderson convinced it to give provisional support after visiting the [[Russian Republic]] as an envoy and recognizing that the [[Russian Provisional Government]] would collapse if the war continued.<ref>{{Citation |last=Thorpe |first=Andrew |title=The Surge to Second-Party Status, 1914–22 |date=1997 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-25305-0_3 |work=A History of the British Labour Party |pages=35 |place=London |publisher=Macmillan Education UK |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-25305-0_3 |isbn=978-0-333-56081-5 |access-date=2022-06-16|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In August 1917, three months before the [[Balfour Declaration]], the Labour Party issued a statement in support of a [[Jewish state|Jewish state in Palestine]]. Henderson spoke in favor of a Jewish state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaughan |first=James |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel, Palestine and the Labour party history that has made Keir Starmer's position so difficult |url=http://theconversation.com/israel-palestine-and-the-labour-party-history-that-has-made-keir-starmers-position-so-difficult-217021 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref>

Henderson turned his attention to building a strong constituency-based support network for the Labour Party. Previously, it had little national organisation, based largely on branches of unions and socialist societies. Working with Ramsay MacDonald and Sidney Webb, Henderson in 1918 established a national network of constituency organisations. They operated separately from trade unions and the National Executive Committee and were open to everyone sympathetic to the party's policies. Secondly, Henderson secured the adoption of a comprehensive statement of party policies, as drafted by [[Sidney Webb]]. Entitled "Labour and the New Social Order," it remained the basic Labour platform until 1950. It proclaimed a socialist party whose principles included a guaranteed minimum standard of living for everyone, nationalisation of industry, and heavy taxation of large incomes and of wealth.<ref>Bentley B. Gilbert, ''Britain since 1918'' (1980) p 49.</ref>

== The "Coupon Election" and the 1920s ==
Henderson lost his seat in the [[1918 United Kingdom general election|"Coupon Election" of 14 December 1918]], which had been announced within twenty-four hours of the end of hostilities and which resulted in a landslide victory for a [[Lloyd George ministry|coalition formed by Lloyd George]].<ref>Katz, Liane (4 April 2005) [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/04/electionspast.past1 "Women and the Welsh Wizard"]. Politics.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved on 12 September 2015.</ref> Henderson returned to Parliament in 1919 after winning [[1919 Widnes by-election|a by-election]] in [[Widnes (UK Parliament constituency)|Widnes]]. He then became Labour's [[whip (politics)|Chief Whip]].

[[Vladimir Lenin]] held Henderson in very low regard. In a letter to the Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs, [[Georgy Chicherin]], written on 10 February 1922 and referring to the [[Genoa Conference]], Lenin wrote: "Henderson is as stupid as [[Kerensky]], and for this reason he is helping us."<ref>Handwritten note at the Russian Center for the Preservation and Study of Documents of Recent History, fond 2, opis 2, delo 1,1119, published as Document 88 in ''The Unknown Lenin'', ed. Richard Pipes, Yale University Press, 1996. {{ISBN|0300076622}}.</ref>
<ref>
{{Cite web |date=2023-07-15 |title=Письмо Г.В. Чичерину. 10 февраля 1922 г. |trans-title=Letter to G. V. Chicherin, 10 February 2022 |url=http://docs.historyrussia.org/ru/nodes/31061-pismo-g-v-chicherinu-10-fevralya-1922-g |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715063945/http://docs.historyrussia.org/ru/nodes/31061-pismo-g-v-chicherinu-10-fevralya-1922-g |archive-date=2023-07-15 |website=docs.historyrussia.org}}
</ref>

Henderson [[Unseating|lost his seat]] again, at the [[1922 United Kingdom general election|general election of 1922]]. He returned to Parliament via [[1923 Newcastle-upon-Tyne East by-election|another by-election]], this time representing [[Newcastle upon Tyne East (UK Parliament constituency)|Newcastle East]], but again, he was [[unseated]] at [[1923 United Kingdom general election|the general election of 1923]]. He returned to Parliament just two months later after winning [[1924 Burnley by-election|another by-election]] in [[Burnley (UK Parliament constituency)|Burnley]].

In 1924, Henderson was appointed as [[Home Secretary]] in [[First MacDonald ministry|the first-ever Labour government]], led by MacDonald. This government was defeated later the same year and lost [[1924 United Kingdom general election|the general election that followed]].

Having been re-elected in 1924, Henderson refused to challenge MacDonald for the party leadership. Worried about factionalism in the Labour Party, he published a pamphlet, ''Labour and the Nation'', in which he attempted to clarify the party's goals.

== Foreign Secretary ==
In 1929, Labour formed [[Second MacDonald ministry|another minority government]] and MacDonald appointed Henderson as [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)|Foreign Secretary]], a position Henderson used to try to reduce the tensions that had been building up in Europe since the end of the [[First World War]]. Diplomatic relations were re-established with the [[Soviet Union]] and Henderson guaranteed Britain's full support to the [[League of Nations]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Carlton|title=MacDonald versus Henderson: The Foreign Policy of the Second Labour Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyyxCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23|year=1970|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781349006755}}</ref>

== The MacDonald "betrayal" ==
The [[Great Depression in the United Kingdom|Great Depression]] plunged the government into a terminal crisis. The Cabinet agreed that it was essential to maintain the [[Gold Standard]] and that the [[Balanced budget|Budget needed to be balanced]], but were divided over reducing [[unemployment benefits]] by 10%. At first, Henderson gave strong support to Prime Minister [[Ramsay MacDonald|MacDonald]] throughout the financial and political crisis of August. The financial crisis across Europe was worsening and [[Gold reserves of the United Kingdom|Britain's gold reserves]] were at high risk. New York banks provided an emergency loan; but additional money was needed and to get it, the budget had to be balanced. MacDonald and Chancellor of the Exchequer [[Philip Snowden]] proposed cuts in unemployment benefits. Henderson rejected that solution and became the leader of nearly half the Cabinet. The Labour Cabinet decided to resign. King [[George V]] implored MacDonald to remain and form an all-party [[National Government (United Kingdom)|National Government]] that would make the budget cuts. MacDonald agreed on 24 August 1931 and formed an emergency [[National Government (1931)|National Government]], with members from all parties. The new cabinet had four Labourites (now called the "[[National Labour Organisation]]") who stood with Macdonald, plus four [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and two [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberals]].   Labour unions were strongly opposed and the Labour Party officially repudiated the new National government. It expelled MacDonald and his supporters from the party. Henderson cast the only vote against the expulsions. Against his inclinations, Henderson accepted the leadership of the main Labour Party and led it into [[1931 United Kingdom general election|the general election]] on 27 October against the cross-party National coalition.  It was a disastrous result for Labour, which was reduced to a small minority of 52. Yet again Henderson lost his seat, at Burnley.  The following year, he relinquished the party leadership.<ref>Andrew Thorpe, "Arthur Henderson and the British political crisis of 1931." ''Historical Journal'' 31#1 (1988): 117–139. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639239 in JSTOR]</ref>

== Later career ==
[[File:World Disarmament Conference 1932.jpg|thumb|left|Henderson speaking at the [[World Disarmament Conference]] on 2 February 1932]]
Henderson returned to Parliament after winning [[1933 Clay Cross by-election|a by-election]] at [[Clay Cross (UK Parliament constituency)|Clay Cross]], achieving the unique feat of being elected five times at [[by-election]]s in constituencies where he had not previously been the MP. He holds the [[records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom#MPs who have made more than one comeback|record for the greatest number of comebacks]] from losing a previous seat.

Henderson spent the rest of his life trying to halt the gathering storm of [[World War II]]. He worked with the World League of Peace and chaired the [[Geneva Disarmament Conference]], and in 1934 he was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. Henderson's [[Nobel Prize medal]] was stolen in a burglary of the office of the [[Lord Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Lord Mayor of Newcastle]] on 3 April 2013.<ref name=BBCApr13>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-22008819|title=Nobel Peace Prize medal stolen in Newcastle|date=3 April 2013|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref> A man was subsequently jailed for the theft; the medal has never been recovered.<ref name=BBCOct13>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-24372742|title=Newcastle man jailed for Nobel Peace Prize medal theft|date=2 October 2013|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Arthur Henderson, Golders Green Crematorium.jpg|thumb|Plaque dedicated to Henderson, his wife and sons at Golders Green Crematorium]] 
Henderson died in 1935, aged 72, and was cremated at [[Golders Green Crematorium]]. All three of Henderson's sons saw military service during the Great War, the eldest, David, being killed in action in 1916 whilst serving as a Captain with the [[Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own)]]. His surviving sons also became Labour politicians: second son [[William Henderson, 1st Baron Henderson|William]] was granted the title of Baron Henderson in 1945, while his third son, [[Arthur Henderson, Baron Rowley|Arthur]], was created Baron Rowley in 1966.

The Labour History Archive and Study Centre at the [[People's History Museum]] in [[Manchester]] holds the papers of Arthur Henderson in their collection, spanning from 1915 to 1935.<ref>{{citation |title=Collection Catalogues and Descriptions |publisher=Labour History Archive and Study Centre |url=http://www.phm.org.uk/archive-study-centre/online-catalogue/ |access-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113161101/http://www.phm.org.uk/archive-study-centre/online-catalogue/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Works==
* [[s:The League of Nations and labour|The League of Nations and labour]] (1918)

==See also==
* [[List of peace activists]]

== Citations ==

{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite EB1922 |wstitle= Henderson, Arthur |last1=  Buckle |first1= George Earle |author-link=George Earle Buckle }}
*{{cite book|author=Carlton, David|title=MacDonald versus Henderson: The Foreign Policy of the Second Labour Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyyxCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23|year=1970|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781349006755}}
* [[Mary Hamilton (Labour politician)|Hamilton, Mary Agnes]]. ''Arthur Henderson: A Biography'' (1938), a detailed and favourable account by a former colleague
* Howard, Christopher. "MacDonald, Henderson, and the Outbreak of War, 1914." ''Historical Journal'' 20.4 (1977): 871–891. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638412 online]
* McKibbin, Ross. "Arthur Henderson as Labour Leader," ''International Review of Social History'' (1978) pp.&nbsp;79–101
* Riddell, Neil. "Arthur Henderson, 1931–1932," in ''Leading Labour: From Keir Hardie to Tony Blair'', ed. Kevin Jefferys (1999)
* Thorpe, Andrew. "Arthur Henderson and the British Political Crisis of 1931," ''Historical Journal'' (1988) pp.&nbsp;117–139 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639239 in JSTOR]
* UK National Archives, [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/cabinet-gov/meetings-papers.htm ''online'']
* Winkler, Henry H. "Arthur Henderson," in ''The Diplomats, 1919–1939'', ed. Gordon A. Craig and Felix Gilbert (1953)
* Winter, J M. "Arthur Henderson, the Russian Revolution and the Reconstruction of the Labour Party," ''Historical Journal'' (1972) pp.&nbsp;753–73. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638041 in JSTOR]
* Wrigley, Chris. ''Arthur Henderson'' (1990), a scholarly biography [https://archive.org/details/arthurhenderson0000wrig online]

== External links ==
{{EB1922 Poster|Henderson, Arthur|Arthur Henderson}}
{{commons category|Arthur Henderson}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-arthur-henderson | Arthur Henderson }}
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1934 ''Essential Elements of a Universal and Enduring Peace''
* [http://fair-use.org/second-international/manifesto-to-the-british-people J. Keir Hardie and Arthur Henderson, ''Manifesto to the British People''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831131905/http://fair-use.org/second-international/manifesto-to-the-british-people |date=31 August 2018 }} (1 August 1
* {{PM20}}

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 | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Barnard Castle (UK Parliament constituency)|Barnard Castle]]
 | years  = [[1903 Barnard Castle by-election|1903]]–[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]]
 | before = [[Sir Joseph Pease, 1st Baronet|Joseph Pease]]
 | after  = [[John Edmund Swan]]
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 | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Widnes (UK Parliament constituency)|Widnes]]
 | years  = [[1919 Widnes by-election|1919]]–[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]]
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 | after  = [[Christopher Clayton (businessman)|Christopher Clayton]]
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 | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Newcastle upon Tyne East]]
 | years  = [[1923 Newcastle-upon-Tyne East by-election|1923]]–[[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923]]
 | before = [[Joseph Nicholas Bell]]
 | after  = [[Sir Robert Aske, 1st Baronet|Sir Robert Aske]]
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 | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Burnley (UK Parliament constituency)|Burnley]]
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 | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Clay Cross (UK Parliament constituency)|Clay Cross]]
 | years  = [[1933 Clay Cross by-election|1933]]–[[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935]]
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{{succession box | title=[[Treasurer of the Labour Party]] | before=[[Ramsay MacDonald]] | after=[[Arthur Greenwood]] | years= 1929–1936}}
{{succession box | title=[[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]] | before=[[Ramsay MacDonald]] | after=[[George Lansbury]] | years= 1931–1932}}
{{s-end}}

{{UK Labour Party}}
{{HomeSecretary}}
{{Foreign Secretary}}
{{Paymaster General}}
{{Secretaries of State for Education}} 
{{Leaders of the Opposition UK}}
{{First Macdonald Ministry}}
{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1926-1950}}
{{1934 Nobel Prize winners}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henderson, Arthur}}
[[Category:Arthur Henderson| ]]
[[Category:British secretaries of state for education]]
[[Category:British secretaries of state for foreign affairs]]
[[Category:Secretaries of state for the Home Department]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Labour Party (UK)]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Paymasters general of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1900–1906]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1906–1910]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1910]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1910–1918]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1918–1922]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1922–1923]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1923–1924]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1924–1929]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1929–1931]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1931–1935]]
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[[Category:British Christian Zionists]]
[[Category:British Methodists]]
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[[Category:Politicians from Glasgow]]
[[Category:Moldmakers]]
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
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[[Category:Politics of Burnley]]
[[Category:Scottish Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:People from Anderston]]
[[Category:Chairs of the Labour Party (UK)]]
[[Category:People from Widnes]]