View source for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

{{Short description|United States federal judge position}}
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{{SCOTUS series}}
An '''associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States''' is a [[Justice (title)|justice]] of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]], other than the [[chief justice of the United States]]. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the [[Judiciary Act of 1869]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Kermit L. |last=Hall |chapter=Judiciary Act of 1869 |title=The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |editor-first=Kermit L. |editor-last=Hall |editor2-first=James W. |editor2-last=Ely |editor3-first=Joel B. |editor3-last=Grossman |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |page=548 |isbn=9780195176612 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cY3er3ilgjcC&pg=PA548 |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630123429/https://books.google.com/books?id=cY3er3ilgjcC&pg=PA548 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Appointments Clause|Article II, Section 2, Clause 2]] of the [[Constitution of the United States]] grants [[plenary power]] to the [[President of the United States|president]] to nominate, and with the [[advice and consent]] (confirmation) of the [[United States Senate|Senate]], appoint justices to the Supreme Court. [[Article Three of the United States Constitution|Article III, Section 1]] of the Constitution effectively grants [[life tenure]] to associate justices, and all other [[United States federal judge|federal judges]], which ends only when a justice dies, retires, resigns, or is [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeached and convicted]].<ref>{{cite web| last1=McMillion| first1=Barry J.| last2=Rutkus| first2=Denis Steven| date=July 6, 2018| title=Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2017: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President| url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33225.pdf| publisher=Congressional Research Service| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=October 24, 2018| archive-date=August 9, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809152918/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33225.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref>

Each Supreme Court justice has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it, and the chief justice's vote counts no more than that of any other justice; however, the chief justice leads the discussion of the case among the justices. Furthermore, the chief justice—when in the majority—decides who writes the court's opinion; otherwise, the senior justice in the majority assigns the writing of a decision. The chief justice also has certain administrative responsibilities that the other justices do not and is paid slightly more ($298,500 per year as of 2023, compared to $285,400 per year for an associate justice).<ref name="salary">{{Cite web |title=Judicial Compensation |url=https://www.uscourts.gov/judges-judgeships/judicial-compensation |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=United States Courts |language=en}}</ref>

Associate justices have seniority in order of the date their respective commissions bear, although the chief justice is always considered to be the most senior justice. If two justices are commissioned on the same day, the elder is designated the senior justice of the two. Currently, the senior associate justice is [[Clarence Thomas]]. By tradition, when the justices are in conference deliberating the outcome of cases before the Supreme Court, the justices state their views in order of seniority. The senior associate justice is also tasked with carrying out the chief justice's duties when he is unable to, or if that office is vacant.

==Current associate justices==
There are currently eight associate justices on the Supreme Court. The justices, ordered by seniority, are:
<gallery widths="130" heights="150">
File:Clarence Thomas official SCOTUS portrait.jpg|[[Clarence Thomas]],<br/>since October 23, 1991<ref>{{Cite web| title=Justice Clarence Thomas| url=http://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-clarence-thomas/| publisher=The Supreme Court Historical Society| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=January 13, 2018| archive-date=May 15, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515180814/https://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-clarence-thomas/| url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:010 alito.jpg|[[Samuel Alito]],<br />since January 31, 2006<ref>{{Cite web| title=Justice Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr.| url=http://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-samuel-anthony-alito-jr/| publisher=The Supreme Court Historical Society| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=January 13, 2018| archive-date=June 16, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616065838/http://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-samuel-anthony-alito-jr/| url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Sonia Sotomayor in SCOTUS robe.jpg|[[Sonia Sotomayor]],<br />since August 8, 2009<ref>{{Cite web| title=Justice Sonia Sotomayor| url=http://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-sonia-sotomayor/| publisher=The Supreme Court Historical Society| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=January 13, 2018| archive-date=March 4, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304175151/https://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-sonia-sotomayor/| url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Elena Kagan Official SCOTUS Portrait (2013).jpg|[[Elena Kagan]],<br />since August 7, 2010<ref>{{Cite web| title=Justice Elena Kagan| url=http://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-elena-kagan/| publisher=The Supreme Court Historical Society| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=January 13, 2018| archive-date=May 24, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524161410/https://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-elena-kagan/| url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch Official Portrait.jpg|[[Neil Gorsuch]],<br />since April 10, 2017<ref name=":2">{{Cite web| title=Justice Neil M. Gorsuch| url=http://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-neil-gorsuch/index.html| publisher=The Supreme Court Historical Society| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=January 13, 2018| archive-date=November 22, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122034749/http://supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-neil-gorsuch/index.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh Official Portrait (full length).jpg|[[Brett Kavanaugh]],<br />since October 6, 2018<ref name=":1">{{cite web| url=https://apnews.com/8234f0b8a6194d8b89ff79f9b0c94f35/Kavanaugh-confirmed,-quickly-sworn-in;-major-Trump-victory| title=Kavanaugh sworn to high court after rancorous confirmation| last1=Fram| first1=Alan| last2=Mascaro| first2=Lisa| last3=Daly| first3=Matthew| date=October 6, 2018| website=ap.org| location=New York, New York| access-date=October 6, 2018| archive-date=June 16, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616065846/https://apnews.com/8234f0b8a6194d8b89ff79f9b0c94f35/Kavanaugh-confirmed,-quickly-sworn-in;-major-Trump-victory| url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Justice Amy Coney Barrett (cropped).jpg|[[Amy Coney Barrett]],<br />since October 27, 2020<ref name=":0">{{cite web|author=Barbara Sprunt|title=Amy Coney Barrett Confirmed To Supreme Court, Takes Constitutional Oath|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/26/927640619/senate-confirms-amy-coney-barrett-to-the-supreme-court|website=NPR |date=October 26, 2020|access-date=October 26, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027012410/https://www.npr.org/2020/10/26/927640619/senate-confirms-amy-coney-barrett-to-the-supreme-court|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Justice Jackson Official Portrait.jpg|alt=|[[Ketanji Brown Jackson]],<br />since June 30, 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=WATCH LIVE: Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson sworn in as first Black woman on Supreme Court |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-sworn-in-as-first-black-woman-on-supreme-court |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=PBS NewsHour |language=en-us}}</ref>
</gallery>

==Retired associate justices==
An associate justice who leaves the Supreme Court after attaining the age and meeting the service requirements prescribed by federal statute ({{USCode|28|371}}) may retire rather than resign. After retirement, they keep their title, and by custom may also keep a set of chambers in the Supreme Court building, and employ law clerks. The names of retired associate justices continue to appear alongside those of the active justices in the bound volumes of Supreme Court decisions. Federal statute ({{USCode|28|294}}) provides that retired Supreme Court justices may serve—if designated and assigned by the chief justice—on panels of the U.S. courts of appeals, or on the U.S. district courts. Retired justices are not, however, authorized to take part in the consideration or decision of any cases before the Supreme Court (unlike other retired federal judges who may be permitted to do so in their former courts); neither are they known or designated as a "senior judge". When, after his retirement, [[William O. Douglas]] attempted to take a more active role than was customary, maintaining that it was his prerogative to do so because of his senior status, he was rebuffed by Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]] and admonished by the whole Court.<ref>{{cite book| author1-link=Bob Woodward| last1=Woodward| first1=Robert| author2-link=Scott Armstrong (journalist)| last2=Armstrong| first2=Scott|title=[[The Brethren (Woodward and Armstrong book)|The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court]]| date=1979| pages=480–488, 526| isbn=978-0-7432-7402-9| publisher=Simon & Schuster| location=New York}}</ref> There are currently two living retired associate justices: [[Anthony Kennedy]], retired July 31, 2018, and [[Stephen Breyer]], retired June 30, 2022.

==List of associate justices==
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, the following 104 persons have served as an associate justice:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Nominations (1789-Present)| url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/nominations/SupremeCourtNominations1789present.htm| publisher=United States Senate| location=washington, D.C.| access-date=February 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Justices 1789 to Present| url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx| publisher=Supreme Court of the United States| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=February 14, 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=3 | Associate justice
! class = "unsortable"| Replacing
! Date confirmed<br />(Vote)
! Tenure{{Efn|name="startend"}}
! Appointed by
! class = "unsortable"| Prior position{{Efn|name="position"}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Rutledge, John"| 1
| [[File:John Rutledge color painting.jpg|100px]]
| [[John Rutledge]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|September 26, 1789}}<br />([[Acclamation]])
| {{dts|February 15, 1790}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">March 4, 1791</span><br /><small><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">(Resigned)</span></small>{{Efn|name="Rutledge"}}
| rowspan=8 |[[George Washington]]
| [[List of Governors of South Carolina|31st]]<br />[[governor of South Carolina]]<br />(1779–1782)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE TO 1st GOVERNOR. Legally, South Carolina's incumbent governor (as of January 24, 2017), Henry McMaster, is the 117th Governor of South Carolina, which makes John Rutledge the 31st governor not the 1st. -->
|-
| data-sort-value="Cushing, William"| 2
| [[File:William Cushing (Restored).jpg|100px]]
| [[William Cushing]]{{Efn|name="Cushing"}}
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|September 26, 1789}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|February 2, 1790}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 13, 1810</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Chief Justice of the<br />[[Massachusetts Superior Court]]<br />(1777–1789)
|-
| data-sort-value="Wilson, James"| 3
| [[File:JusticeJamesWilson.jpg|100px]]
| [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|September 26, 1789}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 5, 1789}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 21, 1798</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Delegate to the<br />[[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Constitutional Convention]]<br />(1787)
|-
| data-sort-value="Blair, John Jr."| 4
| [[File:John Blair (page 82 crop).jpg|100px]]
| [[John Blair Jr.|John Blair]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|September 26, 1789}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts| February 2, 1790}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 25, 1795</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| Member of the<br />[[Virginia House of Burgesses]]<br />(1766–1770)
|-
| data-sort-value="Iredell, James"| 5
| [[File:JamesIredell.jpg|100px]]
| [[James Iredell]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|February 10, 1790}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|May 12, 1790}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 20, 1799</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| 2nd<br />[[Attorney General of North Carolina|attorney general of North Carolina]]<br />(1779–1782)
|-
| data-sort-value="Johnson, Thomas"| 6
| [[File:Thomas Johnson (governor).jpeg|100px]]
| [[Thomas Johnson (jurist)|Thomas Johnson]]
| J. Rutledge
| {{dts|November 7, 1791}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|September 19, 1791}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 16, 1793</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| 1st<br />[[governor of Maryland]]<br />(1777–1779)
|-
| data-sort-value="Paterson, William"| 7
| [[File:William Paterson copy.jpg|100px]]
| [[William Paterson (judge)|William Paterson]]
| T.&nbsp;Johnson
| {{dts|March 4, 1793}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 11, 1793}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 8, 1806</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[List of Governors of New Jersey|2nd]]<br />[[governor of New Jersey]]<br />(1790–1793)
|-
| data-sort-value="Chase, Samuel"| 8
| [[File:John Wesley Jarvis - Samuel Chase - NPG.67.2 - National Portrait Gallery.jpg|100px]]
| [[Samuel Chase]]{{efn|name="impeached"}}
| Blair
| {{dts|January 27, 1796}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|February 4, 1796}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 19, 1811</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Chief Justice of the<br />Maryland General Court<br />(1791–1796)
|-
| data-sort-value="Washington, Bushrod"| 9
| [[File:BushrodWashington.jpg|100px]]
| [[Bushrod Washington]]
| Wilson
| {{dts|December 20, 1798}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|November 9, 1798}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 26, 1829</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[John Adams]]
| Delegate to the<br />[[Virginia Ratifying Convention]]<br />(1788)
|-
| data-sort-value="Moore, Alfred"| 10
| [[File:AlfredMoore.jpg|100px]]
| [[Alfred Moore]]
| Iredell
| {{dts|December 9, 1799}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|April 21, 1800}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 26, 1804</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| 3rd<br />[[Attorney General of North Carolina|attorney general of North Carolina]]<br />(1782–1791)
|-
| data-sort-value="Johnson, William"| 11
| [[File:WilliamJohnson.jpg|100px]]
| [[William Johnson (judge)|William Johnson]]
| Moore
| {{dts|March 24, 1804}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|May 7, 1804}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 4, 1834</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Thomas Jefferson]]
| Speaker of the<br /> [[South Carolina House of Representatives]]<br />(1798–1800)
|-
| data-sort-value="Livingston, Henry B."| 12
| [[File:H. Brockholst Livingston.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry Brockholst Livingston]]
| Paterson
| {{dts|December 17, 1806}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 20, 1807}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">March 18, 1823</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Justice of the<br />[[New York Supreme Court]]<br />(1802–1807)
|-
| data-sort-value="Todd, Thomas"| 13
| [[File:Thomas Todd SCOTUS.jpg|100px]]
| [[Thomas Todd]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|March 2, 1807}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 4, 1807}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">February 7, 1826</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[Chief Justice]] of the<br />[[Kentucky Court of Appeals]]<br />(1806–1807)
|-
| data-sort-value="Duvall, Gabriel"| 14
| [[File:GabrielDuvall.jpg|100px]]
| [[Gabriel Duvall]]
| Chase
| {{dts|November 18, 1811}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|November 23, 1811}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 12, 1835</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[James Madison]]
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for<br />[[Maryland's 2nd congressional district|Maryland's 2nd district]]<br />(1794–1796)
|-
| data-sort-value="Story, Joseph"| 15
| [[File:Daguerreotype of Joseph Story, 1844 (edit).jpg|100px]]
| [[Joseph Story]]
| Cushing
| {{dts|November 18, 1811}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|February 3, 1812}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 10, 1845</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for<br />[[Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district|Massachusetts's 2nd district]]<br />(1808–1809)
|-
| data-sort-value="Thompson, Smith"| 16
| [[File:Secretary of the Navy, Smith Thompson.jpg|100px]]
| [[Smith Thompson]]
| Livingston
| {{dts|December 9, 1823}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|September 1, 1823}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">December 18, 1843</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[James Monroe]]
| 6th<br />[[United States Secretary of the Navy|United States secretary of the Navy]]<br />(1819–1823)
|-
| data-sort-value="Trimble, Robert"| 17
| [[File:RobertTrimble.jpg|100px]]
| [[Robert Trimble]]
| Todd
| {{dts|May 9, 1826}}<br />(25–5)
| {{dts|June 16, 1826}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 25, 1828</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[John Quincy Adams]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States District Court for the District of Kentucky|United States District Court<br>for the District of Kentucky]]<br />(1817–1826)
|-
| data-sort-value="McLean, John"| 18
| [[File:Justice John McLean daguerreotype by Mathew Brady 1849.jpg|100px]]
| [[John McLean]]
| Trimble
| {{dts|March 7, 1829}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 12, 1829}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">April 4, 1861</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=5 | [[Andrew Jackson]]
| 6th<br />[[United States Postmaster General|United States postmaster general]]<br />(1823–1829)
|-
| data-sort-value="Baldwin, Henry"| 19
| [[File:Henry baldwin (justice).jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry Baldwin (judge)|Henry Baldwin]]
| Washington
| {{dts|January 6, 1830}}<br />(41–2)
| {{dts|January 18, 1830}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">April 21, 1844</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for<br />[[Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district|Pennsylvania's 14th district]]<br />(1817–1822)
|-
| data-sort-value="Wayne, James M."| 20
| [[File:James Moore Wayne - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[James Moore Wayne]]
| W.&nbsp;Johnson
| {{dts|January 9, 1835}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 14, 1835}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 5, 1867</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for<br />[[Georgia's at-large congressional district|Georgia's at-large district]]<br />(1829–1835)
|-
| data-sort-value="Barbour, Philip P."| 21
| [[File:Philip Pendleton Barbour.jpg|100px]]
| [[Philip P. Barbour]]
| Duvall
| {{dts|March 15, 1836}}<br />(30–11)
| {{dts|May 12, 1836}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">February 25, 1841</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia|United States District Court<br>for the Eastern District of Virginia]]<br />(1830–1836)
|-
| data-sort-value="Catron, John"| 22
| [[File:John Catron - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[John Catron]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|March 8, 1837}}<br />(28–15)
| {{dts|May 1, 1837}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 30, 1865</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[Tennessee Supreme Court of Errors and Appeals|Tennessee Supreme Court<br>of Errors and Appeals]]<br />(1824–1834)
|-
| data-sort-value="McKinley, John"| 23
| [[File:John McKinley.jpg|100px]]
| [[John McKinley]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|September 25, 1837}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 9, 1838}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 19, 1852</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Martin Van Buren]]
| [[United States Senate|United States senator]]<br />from [[Alabama]]<br />(1826–1831, 1837)
|-
| data-sort-value="Daniel, Peter V."| 24
| [[File:Peter Vivian Daniel, US Supreme Court Justice, c1860 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Peter Vivian Daniel]]
| Barbour
| {{dts|March 2, 1841}}<br />(25–5)
| {{dts|January 10, 1842}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 31, 1860</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia|United States District Court<br>for the Eastern District of Virginia]]<br />(1836–1841)
|-
| data-sort-value="Nelson, Samuel"| 25
| [[File:Samuel Nelson - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Samuel Nelson]]
| Thompson
| {{dts|February 14, 1845}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|February 27, 1845}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 28, 1872</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| [[John Tyler]]
| Chief Justice of the [[New York Supreme Court]]<br />(1831–1845)
|-
| data-sort-value="Woodbury, Levi"| 26
| [[File:Levi Woodbury.jpg|100px]]
| [[Levi Woodbury]]
| Story
| {{dts|January 31, 1846}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|September 23, 1845}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 4, 1851</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[James K. Polk]]
| 13th<br />[[United States Secretary of the Treasury|United States secretary of the treasury]]<br />(1834–1841)
|-
| data-sort-value="Grier, Robert C."| 27
| [[File:Robert Cooper Grier - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Robert Cooper Grier]]
| Baldwin
| {{dts|August 4, 1846}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|August 10, 1846}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 31, 1870</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge for the<br />Pennsylvania state District Court<br />for [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]]<br />(1833–1846)
|-
| data-sort-value="Curtis, Benjamin R."| 28
| [[File:Benjamin Robbins Curtis - photo.png|100px]]
| [[Benjamin Robbins Curtis]]
| Woodbury
| {{dts|December 20, 1851}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 10, 1851}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 30, 1857</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| [[Millard Fillmore]]
| [[Massachusetts House of Representatives|Massachusetts state representative]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Campbell, John A."| 29
| [[File:John Archibald Campbell - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[John Archibald Campbell]]
| McKinley
| {{dts|March 22, 1853}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|April 11, 1853}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">April 30, 1861</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| [[Franklin Pierce]]
| [[Alabama House of Representatives|Alabama state representative]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Clifford, Nathan"| 30
| [[File:NClifford.jpg|100px]]
| [[Nathan Clifford]]
| Curtis
| {{dts|January 12, 1858}}<br />(26–23)
| {{dts|January 21, 1858}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 25, 1881</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[James Buchanan]]
| 19th<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1846–1848)
|-
| data-sort-value="Swayne, Noah H."| 31
| [[File:Noah Haynes Swayne, photo, head and shoulders, seated.jpg|100px]]
| [[Noah Haynes Swayne]]
| McLean
| {{dts|January 24, 1862}}<br />(38–1)
| {{dts|January 27, 1862}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 24, 1881</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=4 | [[Abraham Lincoln]]
| [[United States Attorney|U.S. attorney]] for the<br />District of [[Ohio]]<br />(1830–1834)
|-
| data-sort-value="Miller, Samuel F."| 32
| [[File:Samuel Freeman Miller - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Samuel Freeman Miller]]
| Daniel
| {{dts|July 16, 1862}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|July 21, 1862}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 13, 1890</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[Lawyer]],<br />Private practice
|-
| data-sort-value="Davis, David"| 33
| [[File:DDavis.jpg|100px]]
| [[David Davis (Supreme Court justice)|David Davis]]
| Campbell
| {{dts|December 8, 1862}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|December 10, 1862}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">March 3, 1877</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[Illinois circuit courts|Illinois 3rd Circuit Court]]<br />(1848–1862)
|-
| data-sort-value="Field, Stephen J."| 34
| [[File:Stephen Johnson Field, photo half length seated, 1875.jpg|100px]]
| [[Stephen Johnson Field]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|March 10, 1863}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|May 20, 1863}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">December 1, 1897</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| 5th<br />[[Supreme Court of California#List of chief justices|chief justice of California]]<br />(1859–1863)
|-
| data-sort-value="Strong, William"| 35
| [[File:William Strong judge - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)|William Strong]]
| Grier
| {{dts|February 18, 1870}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 14, 1870}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">December 14, 1880</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Ulysses S. Grant]]
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for<br />[[Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district|Pennsylvania's 9th district]]<br />(1847–1851)
|-
| data-sort-value="Bradley, Joseph P."| 36
| [[File:Joseph Philo Bradley - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Joseph P. Bradley]]
| ''(new seat)''
| {{dts|March 21, 1870}}<br />(46–9)
| {{dts|March 23, 1870}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 22, 1892</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[Lawyer]],<br />Private practice
|-
| data-sort-value="Hunt, Ward"| 37
| [[File:Ward Hunt - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ward Hunt]]
| Nelson
| {{dts|December 11, 1872}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 9, 1873}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 27, 1882</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Chief Judge of the<br />[[New York Court of Appeals]]<br />(1868–1872)
|-
| data-sort-value="Harlan, John M."| 38
| [[File:JudgeJMHarlan.jpg|100px]]
| [[John Marshall Harlan]]
| Davis
| {{dts|December 10, 1877}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|November 29, 1877}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 14, 1911</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]
| 14th<br />[[Attorney General of Kentucky|attorney general of Kentucky]]<br />(1863–1867)
|-
| data-sort-value="Woods, William B."| 39
| [[File:William Burnham Woods.jpg|100px]]
| [[William Burnham Woods]]
| Strong
| {{dts|December 21, 1880}}<br />(39–8)
| {{dts|January 5, 1881}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 14, 1887</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Fifth Circuit]]<br />(1869–1880)
|-
| data-sort-value="Matthews, Stanley"| 40
| [[File:Thomas Stanley Matthews - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Stanley Matthews (judge)|Stanley Matthews]]
| Swayne
| {{dts|May 12, 1881}}<br />(24–23)
| {{dts|May 17, 1881}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">March 22, 1889</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[James A. Garfield]]
| [[United States Senate|United States senator]]<br />from [[Ohio]]<br />(1877–1879)
|-
| data-sort-value="Gray, Horace"| 41
| [[File:Horacegrayphoto.jpg|100px]]
| [[Horace Gray]]
| Clifford
| {{dts|December 20, 1881}}<br />(51–5)
| {{dts|January 9, 1882}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 15, 1902</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Chester A. Arthur]]
| Chief Justice of the<br />[[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court]]<br />(1873–1881)
|-
| data-sort-value="Blatchford, Samuel"| 42
| [[File:Samuel Blatchford.jpg|100px]]
| [[Samuel Blatchford]]
| Hunt
| {{dts|March 22, 1882}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|April 3, 1882}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 7, 1893</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Second Circuit]]<br />(1878–1882)
|-
| data-sort-value="Lamar, Lucius Q. C. II"| 43
|[[File:Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II|Lucius Quintus<br>Cincinnatus Lamar II]]
| Woods
| {{dts|January 16, 1888}}<br />(32–28)
| {{dts|January 18, 1888}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 23, 1893</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[Grover Cleveland]]
| 16th<br />[[United States Secretary of the Interior|United States secretary of the interior]]<br />(1885–1888)
|-
| data-sort-value="Brewer, David J."| 44
| [[File:DavidBrewer.jpg|100px]]
| [[David Josiah Brewer]]
| Matthews
| {{dts|December 18, 1889}}<br />(53–11)
| {{dts|January 6, 1890}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">March 28, 1910</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=4 | [[Benjamin Harrison]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Eighth Circuit]]<br />(1884–1889)
|-
| data-sort-value="Brown, Henry B."| 45
| [[File:Henry Billings Brown 2.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry Billings Brown]]
| Miller
| {{dts|December 29, 1890}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 5, 1891}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 28, 1906</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan|United States District Court<br>for the Eastern District of Michigan]]<br />(1875–1890)
|-
| data-sort-value="Shiras, George Jr."| 46
| [[File:George Shiras Jr.jpg|100px]]
| [[George Shiras Jr.]]
| Bradley
| {{dts|July 26, 1892}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 10, 1892}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">February 23, 1903</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| [[Lawyer]],<br />Private practice
|-
| data-sort-value="Jackson, Howell E."| 47
| [[File:Justice Howell Jackson2.jpg|100px]]
| [[Howell Edmunds Jackson]]
| L. Lamar
| {{dts|February 18, 1893}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 4, 1893}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 8, 1895</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Sixth Circuit]]<br />(1891–1893)
|-
| data-sort-value="White, Edward D."| 48
| [[File:Edward White, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly left, 1905.jpg|100px]]
| [[Edward Douglass White]]
| Blatchford
| {{dts|February 19, 1894}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 12, 1894}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">December 18, 1910</span><br /><small><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">(Continued as chief justice)</span></small>{{Efn|name="White"}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Grover Cleveland]]
| [[United States Senate|United States senator]]<br />from [[Louisiana]]<br />(1891–1894)
|-
| data-sort-value="Peckham, Rufus W."| 49
| [[File:Rufus Wheeler Peckham cph.3b30513.jpg|100px]]
| [[Rufus W. Peckham]]
| H. Jackson
| {{dts|December 9, 1895}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 6, 1896}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 24, 1909</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[Associate Justice|Associate Judge]] of the<br />[[New York Court of Appeals]]
|-
| data-sort-value="McKenna, Joseph"| 50
| [[File:Joseph McKenna (assoc justice).jpg|100px]]
| [[Joseph McKenna]]
| Field
| {{dts|January 21, 1898}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 26, 1898}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 5, 1925</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| [[William McKinley]]
| 42nd<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1897–1898)
|-
| data-sort-value="Holmes, Oliver W."| 51
| [[File:Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1902.jpg|100px]]
| [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.]]
| Gray
| {{dts|December 4, 1902}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|December 8, 1902}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 12, 1932</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
| [[Chief Justice]] of the<br />[[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court]]<br />(1899–1902)
|-
| data-sort-value="Day, William R."| 52
| [[File:William Rufus Day cph.3b31004.jpg|100px]]
| [[William R. Day]]
| Shiras
| {{dts|February 23, 1903}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 2, 1903}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 13, 1922</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Sixth Circuit]]<br />(1899–1903)
|-
| data-sort-value="Moody, William H."| 53
| [[File:WHMoody.jpg|100px]]
| [[William Henry Moody]]
| Brown
| {{dts|December 12, 1906}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|December 17, 1906}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 20, 1910</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| 45th<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1904–1906)
|-
| data-sort-value="Lurton, Horace H."| 54
| [[File:HoraceHarmonLurton.jpg|100px]]
| [[Horace Harmon Lurton]]
| Peckham
| {{dts|December 20, 1909}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 3, 1910}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 12, 1914</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=5 | [[William Howard Taft]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Sixth Circuit]]<br />(1893–1909)
|-
| data-sort-value="Hughes, Charles E."| 55
| [[File:Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes.jpg|100px]]
| [[Charles Evans Hughes]]
| Brewer
| {{dts|May 2, 1910}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 10, 1910}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 10, 1916</span><br /><small><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">(Resigned)</span></small>{{Efn|name="Hughes"}}
| [[List of Governors of New York|36th]]<br />[[governor of New York]]<br />(1907–1910)
|-
| data-sort-value="Van Deventer, Willis"| 56
| [[File:Willis Van Devanter.jpg|100px]]
| [[Willis Van Devanter]]
| E. White
| {{dts|December 15, 1910}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 3, 1911}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 2, 1937</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Eighth Circuit]]<br />(1903–1910)
|-
| data-sort-value="lamar, Joseph R."| 57
| [[File:Joseph Lamar.jpg|100px]]
| [[Joseph Rucker Lamar]]
| Moody
| {{dts|December 15, 1910}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 3, 1911}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 2, 1916</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[Associate Justice]] of the<br />[[Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)|Supreme Court of Georgia]]<br />(1901–1905)
|-
| data-sort-value="Pitney, Mahlon"| 58
| [[File:Mahlon Pitney cph.3b30300.jpg|100px]]
| [[Mahlon Pitney]]
| J. Harlan
| {{dts|March 13, 1912}}<br />(50–26)
| {{dts|March 18, 1912}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">December 31, 1922</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for<br />[[New Jersey's 4th congressional district|New Jersey's 4th district]]<br />(1895–1899)
|-
| data-sort-value="McReynolds, James C."| 59
| [[File:Jamescmcreynolds.jpg|100px]]
| [[James Clark McReynolds]]
| Lurton
| {{dts|August 29, 1914}}<br />(44–6)
| {{dts|October 12, 1914}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 31, 1941</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Woodrow Wilson]]
| 48th<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1913–1914)
|-
| data-sort-value="Brandeis Lewis"| 60
| [[File:Brandeisl.jpg|100px]]
| [[Louis Brandeis]]
| J. Lamar
| {{dts|June 1, 1916}}<br />(47–22)
| {{dts|June 5, 1916}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">February 13, 1939</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| [[Lawyer]],<br />Private practice:<br />[[Nutter McClennen & Fish|Brandeis Dunbar & Nutter]]<ref>{{cite book |first1 = Diana |last1 = Klebanow |first2 = Franklin L. |last2 = Jonas |name-list-style = amp |title = People's Lawyers: Crusaders for Justice in American History |publisher = M. E. Sharpe |year = 2003 |isbn = 978-0765606730 |page = 61 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iwd4Ez3g_vgC&pg=PA61 |via = [[Google Books]] }}</ref>
|-
| data-sort-value="Clarke, John H."| 61
| [[File:JohnHessinClarke.jpg|100px]]
| [[John Hessin Clarke]]
| Hughes
| {{dts|July 24, 1916}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 9, 1916}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 5, 1922</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio|United States District Court<br>for the Northern District of Ohio]]<br />(1914–1916)
|-
| data-sort-value="Sutherland, George"| 62
| [[File:Justice George Sutherland 5.jpg|100px]]
| [[George Sutherland]]
| Clarke
| {{dts|September 5, 1922}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 2, 1922}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 17, 1938</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Warren G. Harding]]
| [[United States Senate|United States senator]]<br />from [[Utah]]<br />(1905–1917)
|-
| data-sort-value="Butler, Pierce"| 63
| [[File:Pierce Butler.jpg|100px]]
| [[Pierce Butler (justice)|Pierce Butler]]
| Day
| {{dts|December 21, 1922}}<br />(61–8)
| {{dts|January 2, 1923}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 16, 1939</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| [[List of Minnesota State Bar Association Presidents|President]] of the<br />[[Minnesota State Bar Association]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sanford, Edward T."| 64
| [[File:Justice Edward Terry Sanford.jpg|100px]]
| [[Edward Terry Sanford]]
| Pitney
| {{dts|January 29, 1923}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|February 19, 1923}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">March 8, 1930</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee|United States District Court<br>for the Middle District of Tennessee]]<br />(1908–1923)
|-
| data-sort-value="Stone, Harlan F."| 65
| [[File:Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone photograph circa 1927-1932.jpg|100px]]
| [[Harlan F. Stone]]
| McKenna
| {{dts|February 5, 1925}}<br />(71–6)
| {{dts|March 2, 1925}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 3, 1941</span><br /><small><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">(Continued as chief justice)</span></small>{{Efn|name="Stone"}}
| [[Calvin Coolidge]]
| 52nd<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1924–1925)
|-
| data-sort-value="Roberts, Owen J."| 66
| [[File:Owen J. Roberts cph.3b11988.jpg|100px]]
| [[Owen Roberts]]
| Sanford
| {{dts|May 20, 1930}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|June 2, 1930}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 31, 1945</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Herbert Hoover]]
| Assistant District Attorney for [[Philadelphia]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Cardozo, Benjamin N."| 67
| [[File:Justice Benjamin N Cardozo 2.jpg|100px]]
| [[Benjamin N. Cardozo]]
| Holmes
| {{dts|February 24, 1932}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 14, 1932}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 9, 1938</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Chief Judge of the<br />[[New York Court of Appeals]]<br />(1927–1932)
|-
| data-sort-value="Black, Hugo"| 68
| [[File:HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugo Black]]
| Van&nbsp;Devanter
| {{dts|August 17, 1937}}<br />(63–16)
| {{dts|August 19, 1937}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 17, 1971</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=8 | [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
| [[United States Senate|United States senator]]<br />from [[Alabama]]<br />(1927–1937)
|-
| data-sort-value="Reed, Stanley F."| 69
| [[File:Stanley Forman Reed.jpg|100px]]
| [[Stanley Forman Reed]]
| Sutherland
| {{dts|January 25, 1938}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 31, 1938}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">February 25, 1957</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| 22nd<br />[[United States Solicitor General|United States solicitor general]]<br />(1935–1938)
|-
| data-sort-value="Frankfurter, Felix"| 70
| [[File:Frankfurter-Felix-LOC.jpg|100px]]
| [[Felix Frankfurter]]
| Cardozo
| {{dts|January 17, 1939}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|January 30, 1939}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 28, 1962</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Chairman of [[Harvard Law School]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Douglass, William O."| 71
| [[File:Justice William O Douglas.jpg|100px]]
| [[William O. Douglas]]
| Brandeis
| {{dts|April 4, 1939}}<br />(62–4)
| {{dts|April 17, 1939}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">November 12, 1975</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| 3rd<br />chairman of the<br />[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|Securities and Exchange Commission]]<br />(1937–1939)
|-
| data-sort-value="Murphy, Frank"| 72
| [[File:Justice Frank Murphy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Frank Murphy]]
| Butler
| {{dts|January 16, 1940}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|February 5, 1940}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 19, 1949</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| 56th<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1939–1940)
|-
| data-sort-value="Byrnes, James F."| 73
| [[File:James F. Byrnes cph.3c32232.jpg|100px]]
| [[James F. Byrnes]]
| McReynolds
| {{dts|June 12, 1941}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|July 8, 1941}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 3, 1942</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| [[United States Senate|United States senator]]<br />from [[South Carolina]]<br />(1931–1941)
|-
| data-sort-value="Jackson, Robert H."| 74
| [[File:Roberthjackson.jpg|100px]]
| [[Robert H. Jackson]]
| Stone
| {{dts|July 7, 1941}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|July 11, 1941}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 9, 1954</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| 57th<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1940–1941)
|-
| data-sort-value="Rutledge, Wiley B."| 75
| [[File:Wiley Rutledge.jpg|100px]]
| [[Wiley Blount Rutledge]]
| Byrnes
| {{dts|February 8, 1943}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|February 15, 1943}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 10, 1949</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the District of Columbia Circuit]]<br />(1939–1943)
|-
| data-sort-value="Burton, Harold H."| 76
| [[File:Harold Burton.jpg|100px]]
| [[Harold Hitz Burton]]
| Roberts
| {{dts|September 19, 1945}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 1, 1945}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 13, 1958</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Harry S. Truman]]
| [[United States Senate|United States senator]]<br />from [[Ohio]]<br />(1941–1945)
|-
| data-sort-value="Clark, Tom C."| 77
| [[File:Official portrait of Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, Supreme Court of the United States (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Tom C. Clark]]
| Murphy
| {{dts|August 18, 1949}}<br />(73–8)
| {{dts|August 24, 1949}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 12, 1967</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| 59th<br />[[United States Attorney General|United States attorney general]]<br />(1945–1949)
|-
| data-sort-value="Minton, Sherman"| 78
| [[File:Sherman Minton's official United States Supreme Court photograph.jpg|100px]]
| [[Sherman Minton]]
| W. Rutledge
| {{dts|October 12, 1949}}<br />(48–16)
| {{dts|October 12, 1949}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 15, 1956</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Seventh Circuit]]<br />(1941–1949)
|-
| data-sort-value="Harlan, John M. II"| 79
| [[File:John Marshall Harlan II official.jpg|100px]]
| [[John Marshall Harlan (1899–1971)|John Marshall Harlan]]
| R. Jackson
| {{dts|March 16, 1955}}<br />(71–11)
| {{dts|March 28, 1955}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 23, 1971</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=4 | [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Second Circuit]]<br />(1954–1955)
|-
| data-sort-value="Brennan, William J."| 80
| [[File:US Supreme Court Justice William Brennan - 1976 official portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[William J. Brennan Jr.]]
| Minton
| {{dts|March 19, 1957}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 15, 1956}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 20, 1990</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Associate Justice of the<br />[[Supreme Court of New Jersey]]<br />(1951–1956)
|-
| data-sort-value="Whittaker, Charles E."| 81
| [[File:Charles Whittaker.jpg|100px]]
| [[Charles Evans Whittaker]]
| Reed
| {{dts|March 19, 1957}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|March 25, 1957}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">March 31, 1962</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Eighth Circuit]]<br />(1956–1957)
|-
| data-sort-value="Potter, Stewart"| 82
| [[File:US Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart - 1976 official portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[Potter Stewart]]
| Burton
| {{dts|May 5, 1959}}<br />(70–17)
| {{dts|October 14, 1958}}{{Efn|name="recess"}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 3, 1981</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Sixth Circuit]]<br />(1954–1958)
|-
| data-sort-value="White, Byron"| 83
| [[File:Justice White Official.jpg|100px]]
| [[Byron White]]
| Whittaker
| {{dts|April 11, 1962}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|April 16, 1962}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 28, 1993</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[John F. Kennedy]]
| 4th<br />[[United States Deputy Attorney General|United States deputy attorney general]]<br />(1961–1962)
|-
| data-sort-value="Goldberg, Arthur"| 84
| [[File:Arthur Goldberg (1971).jpg|100px]]
| [[Arthur Goldberg]]
| Frankfurter
| {{dts|September 25, 1962}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 1, 1962}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 26, 1965</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| 9th<br />[[United States Secretary of Labor|United States secretary of labor]]<br />(1961–1962)
|-
| data-sort-value="Fortas, Abe"| 85
| [[File:SCOTUS Justice Abe Fortas.jpeg|100px]]
| [[Abe Fortas]]
| Goldberg
| {{dts|August 11, 1965}}<br />(Acclamation)
| {{dts|October 4, 1965}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 14, 1969</span><br />{{small|(Resigned)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
| [[United States Deputy Secretary of the Interior|United States under secretary of the interior]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Marshall, Thurgood"| 86
| [[File:Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg|100px]]
| [[Thurgood Marshall]]
| Clark
| {{dts|August 30, 1967}}<br />(69–11)
| {{dts|October 2, 1967}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">October 1, 1991</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| 32nd<br />[[Solicitor General of the United States|solicitor general of the United States]]<br />(1965–1967)
|-
| data-sort-value="Blackman, Harry"| 87
| [[File:Justice Blackmun Official.jpg|100px]]
| [[Harry Blackmun]]
| Fortas
| {{dts|May 12, 1970}}<br />(94–0)
| {{dts|June 9, 1970}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">August 3, 1994</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Richard Nixon]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Eighth Circuit]]<br />(1959–1970)
|-
| data-sort-value="Powell, Lewis F. Jr."| 88
| [[File:US Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell - 1976 official portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[Lewis F. Powell Jr.]]
| Black
| {{dts|December 6, 1971}}<br />(89–1)
| {{dts|January 7, 1972}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 26, 1987</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| President of the<br />[[American Bar Association]]<br />(1964–1965)
|-
| data-sort-value="Rehnquist, William"| 89
| [[File:William Rehnquist.jpg|100px]]
| [[William Rehnquist]]
| J. Harlan II
| {{dts|December 10, 1971}}<br />(68–26)
| {{dts|January 7, 1972}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">September 26, 1986</span><br /><small><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">(Continued as chief justice)</span></small>{{Efn|name="Rehnquist"}}
| [[United States Assistant Attorney General|United States assistant attorney general]]<br />for the [[Office of Legal Counsel]]<br />(1969–1971)
|-
| data-sort-value="Stevens, John P."| 90
| [[File:John Paul Stevens, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[John Paul Stevens]]
| Douglas
| {{dts|December 17, 1975}}<br />(98–0)
| {{dts|December 19, 1975}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 29, 2010</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| [[Gerald Ford]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Seventh Circuit]]<br />(1970–1975)
|-
| data-sort-value="O'Connor, Sandra D."| 91
| [[File:Sandra Day O'Connor.jpg|100px]]
| [[Sandra Day O'Connor]]
| Stewart
| {{dts|September 21, 1981}}<br />(99–0)
| {{dts|September 25, 1981}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">January 31, 2006</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Ronald Reagan]]
| Judge of the<br />[[Arizona Court of Appeals]]<br />(1979–1981)
|-
| data-sort-value="Scalia, Antonin"| 92
| [[File:Antonin Scalia Official SCOTUS Portrait crop.jpg|100px]]
| [[Antonin Scalia]]
| Rehnquist
| {{dts|September 17, 1986}}<br />(98–0)
| {{dts|September 26, 1986}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">February 13, 2016</span><br />{{small|(Died)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the District of Columbia Circuit]]<br />(1982–1986)
|-
| data-sort-value="Kennedy, Anthony"| 93
| [[File:Anthony Kennedy official SCOTUS portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[Anthony Kennedy]]
| Powell
| {{dts|February 3, 1988}}<br />(97–0)
| {{dts|February 18, 1988}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">July 31, 2018</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Ninth Circuit]]<br />(1975–1988)
|-
| data-sort-value="Souter, David"| 94
| [[File:DavidSouter.jpg|100px]]
| [[David Souter]]
| Brennan
| {{dts|October 2, 1990}}<br />(90–9)
| {{dts|October 9, 1990}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 29, 2009</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[George H. W. Bush]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the First Circuit]]<br />(1990)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Thomas, Clarence"| '''95'''
| [[File:Clarence Thomas official SCOTUS portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Clarence Thomas]]'''
| '''Marshall'''
| '''{{dts|October 15, 1991}}<br />(52–48)'''
| '''{{dts|October 23, 1991}}<br />–<br />Incumbent'''
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the District of Columbia Circuit]]<br />(1990–1991)
|-
| data-sort-value="Ginsburg, Ruth B."| 96
| [[File:Ruth Bader Ginsburg 2016 portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]]
| B. White
| {{dts|August 3, 1993}}<br />(96–3)
| {{dts|August 10, 1993}}<br />–<br />{{dts|September 18, 2020}}<br />{{small|(Died)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Bill Clinton]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the District of Columbia Circuit]]<br />(1980–1993)
|-
| data-sort-value="Breyer, Stephen"| 97
| [[File:Stephen Breyer, SCOTUS photo portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Stephen Breyer]]
| Blackmun
| {{dts|July 29, 1994}}<br />(87–9)
| {{dts|August 3, 1994}}<br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">June 30, 2022</span><br />{{small|(Retired)}}
| Chief Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the First Circuit]]<br />(1990–1994)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Alito, Samuel"| '''98'''
| [[File:Samuel Alito official photo (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Samuel Alito]]'''
| '''O'Connor'''
| '''{{dts|January 31, 2006}}<br />(58–42)'''
| '''{{dts|January 31, 2006}}<br />–<br />Incumbent'''
| style="background:#f9f9f9;" | [[George W. Bush]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Third Circuit]]<br />(1990–2006)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Soromayor, Sonia"| '''99'''
| [[File:Sonia Sotomayor in SCOTUS robe crop.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Sonia Sotomayor]]'''
| '''Souter'''
| '''{{dts|August 6, 2009}}<br />(68–31)'''
| '''{{dts|August 8, 2009}}<br />–<br />Incumbent'''
| style="background:#f9f9f9;" rowspan=2 | [[Barack Obama]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Second Circuit]]<br />(1998–2009)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Kagan, Elena"| '''100'''
| [[File:Elena Kagan Official SCOTUS Portrait (2013) (3x4 cropped).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Elena Kagan]]'''
| '''Stevens'''
| '''{{dts|August 5, 2010}}<br />(63–37)'''
| '''{{dts|August 7, 2010}}<br />–<br />Incumbent'''
| 45th<br />[[Solicitor General of the United States|solicitor general of the United States]]<br />(2009–2010)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Gorsuch, Neil"| '''101'''
| [[File:Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Neil Gorsuch]]'''
| '''Scalia'''
| '''{{dts|April 7, 2017}}<br />(54–45)'''
| '''{{dts|April 10, 2017}}<br />–<br />Incumbent'''
| style="background:#f9f9f9;" rowspan=3 | [[Donald Trump]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Tenth Circuit]]<br />(2006–2017)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Kavanaugh, Brett"| '''102'''
| [[File:Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh Official Portrait.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Brett Kavanaugh]]'''
| '''Kennedy'''
| '''{{dts|October 6, 2018}}<br />(50–48)'''
| '''{{dts|October 6, 2018}}<br />–<br />Incumbent'''
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the District of Columbia Circuit]]<br />(2006–2018)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Barrett, Amy Coney"| '''103'''
| [[File:Amy Coney Barrett official portrait.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Amy Coney Barrett]]'''
| '''Ginsburg'''
| '''{{dts|October 26, 2020}}<br />(52–48)'''
| '''{{dts|October 27, 2020}}<br />–<br /> Incumbent'''
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the Seventh Circuit]]<br />(2017–2020)
|- style="background:#FFF;"
| data-sort-value="Jackson, Ketanji Brown"| '''104'''
| [[File:Justice Jackson Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ketanji Brown Jackson]]'''
| '''Breyer'''
| '''{{dts|April 7, 2022}}<br />(53–47)'''
| '''{{dts|June 30, 2022}}<br />–<br /> Incumbent'''
| style="background:#f9f9f9;" | [[Joe Biden]]
| Judge of the<br />[[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|United States Court of Appeals<br>for the District of Columbia Circuit]]<br />(2021–2022)
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|refs=
{{Efn|name="startend"|The ''start date'' given here for each associate justice is the day they took the [[Oath of office#Federal judiciary oaths|oath of office]], and the ''end date'' is the day of the justice's death, resignation, or retirement.}}
{{Efn|name="position"|Listed here (unless otherwise noted) is the position—either with a U.S. state or the federal government, or with a private corporation—held by the individual immediately prior to becoming an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.}}
{{Efn|name="Rutledge"|Later served as chief justice, June 30, 1795 – December 28, 1795.}}
{{Efn|name="recess"|[[Recess appointment]]. Note: the date on which the justice took the judicial oath is here used as the date of the beginning of their service, not the date of the recess appointment.}}
{{Efn|name="Cushing"|Was confirmed as chief justice on January 26, 1796, but declined and continued to serve as an associate justice.}}
{{Efn|name="impeached"|[[Impeachment of Samuel Chase|Was impeached]], but not convicted, and remained in office.}}
{{Efn|name="White"|Served as chief justice, December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921.}}
{{Efn|name="Hughes"|Later served as chief justice, February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941.}}
{{Efn|name="Stone"|Served as chief justice, July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946.}}
{{Efn|name="Rehnquist"|Served as chief justice, September 26, 1986 – September 3, 2005.}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last = Abraham |first = Henry J. |title = Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court |edition = 3rd |publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year = 1992 |location = New York |isbn = 0-19-506557-3 }}
* {{cite book |chapter-url = http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html |last = Christensen |first = George A. |year = 1983 |chapter = Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices |title = Yearbook |publisher = [[Supreme Court Historical Society]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081120003316/http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html |archive-date = November 20, 2008 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all }}
* {{cite journal |last = Christensen |first = George A. |title = Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited |journal = Journal of Supreme Court History |volume = 33 |issue = 1 |pages = 17–41 |date = February 19, 2008 |publisher = [[University of Alabama]] |doi = 10.1111/j.1540-5818.2008.00177.x |s2cid = 145227968 }}
* {{Cite book |last = Cushman |first = Clare |title = The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 |edition = 2nd |publisher = ([[Supreme Court Historical Society]], Congressional Quarterly Books) |year = 2001 |isbn = 1-56802-126-7 }}
* {{Cite book |last = Frank |first = John P. |editor-last = Friedman |editor-first = Leon |editor2-last = Israel |editor2-first = Fred L. |name-list-style = amp |title = The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions |publisher = Chelsea House Publishers |year = 1995 |isbn = 0-7910-1377-4 |url = https://archive.org/details/justicesofunited0000unse }}
* {{Cite book |editor-last = Hall |editor-first = Kermit L. |title = The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1992 |location = New York |isbn = 0-19-505835-6 |url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall }}
* {{Cite book |last1 = Martin |first1 = Fenton S. |last2 = Goehlert |first2 = Robert U. |name-list-style = amp |title = The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography |publisher = Congressional Quarterly Books |year = 1990 |location = Washington, D.C. |isbn = 0-87187-554-3 |url = https://archive.org/details/ussupremecourtbi0000mart }}
* {{Cite book |last = Toobin |first = Jeffrey |title = The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court |edition = 1st |publisher = Anchor Books |year = 2008 |location = New York |isbn = 978-1-4000-9679-4 |url = https://archive.org/details/nineinsidesec00toob }}
* {{Cite book |last = Urofsky |first = Melvin I. |title = The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher = Garland Publishing |year = 1994 |location = New York |pages = [https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv/page/590 590] |isbn = 0-8153-1176-1 |url = https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv/page/590 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/judges.htm Historic Supreme Court Decisions{{snd}}by Justice], Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School
* [https://www.supremecourt.gov/ Supreme Court of the United States] (website home page)

{{SCOTUS Justices|associatejustices}}
{{SCOTUS horizontal}}
{{US Order of Precedence}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Associate Justice Of The Supreme Court Of The United States}}
[[Category:Supreme Court of the United States people]]
[[Category:United States federal judges]]
[[Category:Legal professions]]