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{{Short description|English archaeologist and politician (1817–1894)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]] [[Sir]]
| name                = Austen Henry Layard
| honorific-suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCB}}
| image               = AustenHenryLayard.jpg
| caption             = Portrait of Layard {{circa}} 1890
| order1              = [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs|Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start1         = 12 February 1852
| term_end1           = 21 February 1852
| monarch1            = [[Queen Victoria]]
| primeminister1      = [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|Lord John Russell]]
| predecessor1        = [[Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley|The Lord Stanley of Alderley]]
| successor1          = [[Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby|Lord Stanley]]
| term_start2         = 15 August 1861
| term_end2           = 26 June 1866
| monarch2            = [[Queen Victoria]]
| primeminister2      = [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|The Viscount Palmerston]]<br />[[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|The Earl Russell]]
| predecessor2        = [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|The Lord Wodehouse]]
| successor2          = [[Edward Egerton]]
| order3              = [[First Commissioner of Works]]
| term_start3         = 9 December 1868
| term_end3           = 26 October 1869
| monarch3            = [[Queen Victoria]]
| primeminister3      = [[William Ewart Gladstone]]
| predecessor3        = [[John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland|Lord John Manners]]
| successor3          = [[Acton Smee Ayrton]]
| order4              = [[List of diplomats from the United Kingdom to the Ottoman Empire|Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire]]
| term_start4         = 1877
| term_end4           = 1880
| monarch4            = [[Queen Victoria]]
| predecessor4        = [[Henry Elliot|Sir Henry Elliot]]
| successor4          = [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Earl of Dufferin]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date text|5 March 1817}}
| birth_place         = Paris, [[Bourbon Restoration in France|France]]
| death_date          = {{death-date and age|5 July 1894|5 March 1817}}
| death_place         = London, England
| nationality         = [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]]
| party               = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| alma_mater          = 
| spouse              = Mary Enid Evelyn Guest
}}

'''Sir Austen Henry Layard''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCB}} ({{IPAc-en|l|ɛər|d}}; 5 March 1817{{snd}}5 July 1894) was an English Assyriologist, traveller, cuneiformist, art historian, draughtsman, collector, politician and diplomat. He was born to a mostly English family in Paris and largely raised in Italy.  He is best known as the excavator of [[Nimrud]] and of [[Nineveh]], where he uncovered a large proportion of the [[Assyrian palace reliefs]] known, and in 1851 the [[library of Ashurbanipal]].  Most of his finds are now in the [[British Museum]].  He made a large amount of money from his best-selling accounts of his excavations.

He had a political career between 1852, when he was elected as a [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]], and 1869, holding various junior ministerial positions. He was then made ambassador to Madrid, then Constantinople, living much of the time in a palazzo he bought in [[Venice]].  During this period he built up a significant collection of paintings, which due to a legal loophole he had as a diplomat, he was able to extricate from Venice and bequeath to the [[National Gallery]] (as the '''Layard Bequest''') and other British museums.<ref>[https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/about-us/history/collectors-and-benefactors/austen-henry-layard "Austen Henry Layard"], National Gallery</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ep1wxrUgXW4C Rivista enciclopedica contemporanea], Editore Francesco Vallardi, Milan, (1913), entry by UN, pages 16-17.</ref>

==Family==
Layard was born in Paris, [[Bourbon Restoration in France|France]], to a family of [[Huguenot]] descent. His father, Henry Peter John Layard, of the [[Ceylon Civil Service]], was the son of Charles Peter Layard, Dean of Bristol, and grandson of Dr [[Daniel Peter Layard]], a physician. His mother, Marianne, daughter of Nathaniel Austen, banker, of [[Ramsgate]], was of partial Spanish descent.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Layard, Sir Austen Henry|volume=16|page=312}}</ref> His uncle was Benjamin Austen, a London solicitor and close friend of [[Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield|Benjamin Disraeli]] in the 1820s and 1830s. [[Edgar Leopold Layard]] the [[ornithology|ornithologist]] was his brother.

On 9 March 1869, at [[St. George's Church, Hanover Square]], Westminster, London, he married his first cousin once removed, Mary Enid Evelyn Guest (1843-1912). Enid, as she was known, was the daughter of [[John Josiah Guest|Sir Josiah John Guest]] and his second wife, [[Lady Charlotte Guest|Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Bertie]]. Their marriage was reportedly a happy one, and they never had any children.

==Biography==
===Early life===
Much of Layard's boyhood was spent in Italy, where he received part of his schooling, and acquired a taste for the fine arts and a love of travel from his father; but he was at school also in England, France and [[Restoration and Regeneration (Switzerland)|Switzerland]]. After spending nearly six years in the office of his uncle, Benjamin Austen, he was tempted to leave England for [[Sri Lanka]] (Ceylon) by the prospect of obtaining an appointment in the Civil Service, and he started in 1839 with the intention of making an overland journey across Asia.<ref name="EB1911"/>

After wandering for many months, chiefly in Persia, with [[Bakhtiari people]] and having abandoned his intention of proceeding to Ceylon, he returned in 1842 to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] capital [[Constantinople]] where he made the acquaintance of [[Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe|Sir Stratford Canning]], the British Ambassador, who employed him in various unofficial diplomatic missions in European Turkey. In 1845, encouraged and assisted by Canning, Layard left Constantinople to make those explorations among the ruins of Assyria with which his name is chiefly associated. This expedition was in fulfilment of a design which he had formed when, during his former travels in the East, his curiosity had been greatly excited by the ruins of [[Nimrud]] on the [[Tigris]], and by the great mound of [[Kuyunjik]], near [[Mosul]], already partly excavated by [[Paul-Émile Botta]].<ref name="EB1911"/>

===Excavations and the arts===
[[File:Mr. Layard at Kooyoonjik.jpg|thumb|250px|left|A. H. Layard at Kuyunjik. Drawing by [[Solomon Caesar Malan]], 1850.]]
[[File:Lamassu Nimrud Layard 1849 (2).jpg|thumb|262px|1849 illustration by Austen Henry Layard of excavations at [[Nineveh]]]]
[[File:Austen Henry Layard, Vanity Fair, 1869-08-28.jpg|thumb|upright|262px|Caricature from [[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]], (Aug 1869) captioned "He combines the love of truth and art with equal devotion and success"]]
[[File:Henry Austen Layard Fratelli Vianelli BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|upright|262px|Austen Henry Layard (1883)]]
Layard remained in the neighbourhood of Mosul, carrying on excavations at [[Kuyunjik]] and [[Nimrud]], and investigating the condition of various peoples, until 1847; and, returning to England in 1848, published ''Nineveh and Its Remains'' (2 vols., 1848–1849).<ref name="EB1911"/>

To illustrate the antiquities described in this work he published a large folio volume of ''The Monuments of Nineveh. From Drawings Made on the Spot'' (1849). After spending a few months in England, and receiving the degree of [[Doctor of Civil Law|D.C.L.]] from the [[University of Oxford]] and the [[Founder's Medal]] of the [[Royal Geographical Society]], Layard returned to Constantinople as attaché to the British embassy, and, in August 1849, started on a second expedition, in the course of which he extended his investigations to the ruins of [[Babylon]] and the mounds of southern [[Mesopotamia]].  He is credited with discovering the [[Library of Ashurbanipal]] during this period.  His record of this expedition, ''Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon'',<ref>{{cite web|last1=Layard|first1=Austen Henry|title=Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon...|url=https://archive.org/details/HHaAntigua90435LAYDis|website=Internet Archive|publisher=G. P. Putnam and Co.|access-date=8 March 2018|date=1853}}</ref> which was illustrated by another folio volume, called ''A Second Series of the Monuments of Nineveh'', was published in 1853. During these expeditions, often in circumstances of great difficulty, Layard despatched to England the splendid specimens which now form the greater part of the collection of [[Assyria]]n antiquities in the [[British Museum]].<ref name="EB1911"/> Layard believed that the native [[Syriac Christian]] communities living throughout the Near East were descended from the ancient [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]].<ref name="Cross 2005">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |last= Cross |first= Frank Leslie |year= 2005 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-280290-3 |quote= In the 19th cent. A. H. Layard, the excavator of Nineveh, first suggested that the local *Syriac Christian communities in the region were descended from the ancient Assyrians, and the idea was later popularized by W. A. Wigram, a member of the Abp. Of Canterbury’s Mission to the Church of the East (1895–1915).|page=119 }}</ref>

Apart from the archaeological value of his work in identifying Kuyunjik as the site of [[Nineveh]], and in providing a great mass of materials for scholars to work upon, these two books of Layard were among the best written books of travel in the English language.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Layard was an important member of the [[Arundel Society]],{{sfn|Layard|1903|loc = Vol.1, p.vi}} and in 1866 he was appointed a trustee of the British Museum.<ref name="EB1911"/> In the same year Layard founded "Compagnia Venezia Murano" and opened a venetian glass showroom in London at 431 Oxford Street.
Today [[Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano]] is one of the most important brands of venetian art glass production.

===Political career=== 
Layard now turned to politics. Elected as a Liberal member for [[Aylesbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Aylesbury]], Buckinghamshire in 1852, he was for a few weeks [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs|Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs]], but afterwards freely criticised the government, especially in connection with army administration. He was present in the [[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]] during the [[Crimean War|war]], and was a member of the committee appointed to inquire into the conduct of the expedition. In 1855 he refused from [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Lord Palmerston]] an office not connected with foreign affairs, was elected [[Rector of the University of Aberdeen|lord rector]] of [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdeen University]], and on 15 June moved a resolution in the [[United Kingdom House of Commons|House of Commons]] (defeated by a 359–46 majority<ref>Briggs, Asa: ''The Age of Improvement, 1783–1867'' (2nd edition), p. 377. Routledge, 2000</ref>) declaring that in public appointments merit had been sacrificed to private influence and an adherence to routine. After being defeated at Aylesbury in 1857, he visited India to investigate the causes of the [[Indian Mutiny]]. He unsuccessfully contested [[York (UK Parliament constituency)|York]] in 1859, but was elected for [[Southwark (UK Parliament constituency)|Southwark]] in 1860, and from 1861 to 1866 was Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the successive administrations of Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell.<ref name="EB1911"/> After the Liberals returned to office in 1868 under [[William Ewart Gladstone]], Layard was made [[First Commissioner of Works]] and sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23449 |date=11 December 1868 |page=6581 }}</ref>

===Diplomatic career===
Layard resigned from office in 1869, on being sent as envoy extraordinary to Madrid.<ref>{{citation |title = Sir Henry Layard| work= Eminent persons: Biographies reprinted from the Times| volume = VI (1893–1894)|publisher=Macmillan & Co.|page=134|year=1897|url=https://archive.org/stream/eminentpersonsbi06londiala#page/130/mode/2up }}</ref> In 1877 he was appointed by Lord Beaconsfield [[List of diplomats from the United Kingdom to the Ottoman Empire|Ambassador at Constantinople]], where he remained until Gladstone's return to power in 1880, when he finally retired from public life. In 1878, on the occasion of the [[Berlin Congress]], he was appointed a [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]].<ref name="EB1911"/>

===Retirement in Venice===
Layard retired to [[Venice]]. There he took up residence in the sixteenth-century palazzo on the grand canal named [[Ca Cappello]], just behind [[Campo San Polo]], and which he had commissioned historian [[Rawdon Brown]], another long-time British resident of Venice, to purchase for him in 1874.<ref>{{cite ODNB| url =http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16218?| title =Layard, Sir Austen Henry (1817–1894), archaeologist and politician | first = Jonathan |last = Parry | year = 2006 | doi =10.1093/ref:odnb/16218 }}</ref>
In Venice he devoted much of his time to collecting pictures of the Venetian school, and to writing on Italian art.
On this subject he was a disciple of his friend [[Giovanni Morelli]], whose views he embodied in his revision of [[Franz Theodor Kugler|Franz Kugler]]'s ''Handbook of Painting, Italian Schools'' (1887). He wrote also an introduction to [[Constance Jocelyn Ffoulkes]]'s translation of Morelli's ''Italian Painters'' (1892–1893), and edited that part of ''[[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|Murray's Handbook]] of Rome'' (1894) which deals with pictures. In 1887 he published, from notes taken at the time, a record of his first journey to the East, entitled ''Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana and Babylonia''. The late nineteenth century English novelist [[George Gissing]] thought it 'one of the most interesting books' vowing to 'read it again some day'.<ref>Coustillas, Pierre ed. London and the Life of Literature in Late Victorian England: the Diary of George Gissing, Novelist. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1978, p.318.</ref> An abbreviation of this work, which as a book of travel is even more delightful than its predecessors, was published in 1894, shortly after the author's death, with a brief introductory notice by Lord Aberdare. Layard also from time to time contributed papers to various learned societies, including the Huguenot Society, of which he was first president.<ref name="EB1911"/>

During their life in Venice, he and his wife were neighbors of [[Darinka Kvekić|Princess Darinka of Montenegro]] and her daughter, [[Olga Petrović Njegoš|Princess Olga]], who, while in exile, resided in a nearby palazzo. The two families often joined the Layards for concerts, balls, and intimate dinners, where they enjoyed fine wine and spent the evenings playing the piano. In turn, they accompanied Darinka and her daughter to the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Greek Church]] in Venice for [[Christmas#Date according to Julian calendar|Orthodox Christmas Day]], after which the princesses hosted festive gatherings for a select circle of guests at their ''Palazzo Molin'' in honor of the celebration.<ref>https://pops.baylor.edu/layard/</ref>

==Death==
[[File:Lady_Layard_portrait.jpg|thumb|right|262px|Portrait photo of Lady Layard as a widow]]
He died on 5 July 1894 at his residence 1 Queen Anne Street, Marylebone, London.<ref>Philip Temple, Colin Thom, Andrew Saint (2017) [https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/architecture/sites/bartlett/files/chapter10_queen_anne_street.pdf Survey of London: South-East Marylebone] Volumes 51 and 52 Yale University Press</ref>  After a post mortem autopsy his remains were cremated at the Woking Crematorium in Surrey.  His ashes were interred in the cemetery of [[Canford Magna Parish Church]] in Dorset, England. His wife, Lady Layard, outlived him by 16 years, dying on 1 November 1912, in her Venetian palazzo, Ca’ Capello. Her ashes were interred near her husband’s at Canford Parish Church, adjacent to Canford Manor, on 13 December.

==Publications==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1849| title = Nineveh and its remains : with an account of a visit to the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan, and the Yezidis, or devil worshippers; and an inquiry into the manners and arts of the ancient Assyrians | publisher = John Murray, London}}, 2 volumes
**{{citation| title = Volume 1| year = 1849 | url = https://archive.org/details/ninevehitsremain00laya  }} ([https://archive.org/details/remainswithaccount00laya alt.])
**{{citation| title = Volume 2| year = 1849 | url = https://archive.org/details/ninevehitsremain02layaiala }} ([https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008734812 alt.])
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| title = The Monuments of Nineveh.| publisher = John Murray (London) }} 
**{{citation | year = 1849| title = First series |url  =https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/the-monuments-of-nineveh-from-drawings-made-on-the-spot-by-austen-henry-layard }} , 100 plates, ''From Drawings Made on the Spot.''
**{{citation | year = 1853| title = Second series | url =http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/MPIWG:B755VSM7 }} , 71 plates, ''A Second Series [..] including Bas-Reliefs from the Palace of Sennacherib and Bronzes from the Ruins of Nimroud. From drawings made on the spot during a second expedition to Assyria.'' ([https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/a-second-series-of-the-monuments-of-nineveh-including-bas-reliefs alt.] plates only)
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1851 | title = Inscriptions in the Cuneiform Character, from Assyrian monuments, discovered by A. H. Layard, D.C.L.|publisher =  Harrison & Son (London) | url = http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/20279.pdf }}
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1852 | url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001863257| title = A Popular Account of Discoveries at Nineveh. |publisher = John Murray (London) }} , abridged version of ''Nineveh and its remains '' (1849)
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1853 | url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005062711| title = Discoveries among the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon; with travels in Armenia, Kurdistan, and the desert: being the result of a second expedition undertaken for the Trustees of the British museum | series=Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon |publisher = John Murray (London) }}
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1854 | url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011535857| title = The Ninevah Court in the Crystal Palace. |publisher = John Murray (London) }}
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard|  url = https://archive.org/details/madonnasaintspai00laya| title = The Madonna and saints painted in fresco by Ottaviano Nelli, in the church of S. Maria Nuova at Gubbio| year = 1857 |publisher = John Murray (London)}}
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1867| title = Nineveh and Babylon A narrative of a second expedition to Assyria, during the years 1849, 1850, and 1851 |publisher = John Murray (London)| url = https://archive.org/stream/ninevehbabylonna00layauoft }} , abridged version of ''Nineveh and Babylon'' (1853)
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard|  url =https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.166327 | title = The Italian schools of painting – based on the handbook of Kugler | year = 1887 |publisher = John Murray (London)}}
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1887 | url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008602180| title = Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia. |publisher = John Murray (London)}} , 2 volumes
**{{citation| title = Volume 1 | year = 1887| url = https://archive.org/details/earlyadventuresi01laya}}
**{{citation| title = Volume 2 | year = 1887| url = https://archive.org/details/earlyadventuresi02laya}}
* {{citation| first = A.H.|last = Layard| year = 1903| editor-first = William N.| editor-last = Bruce|  title = Autobiography and Letters from his childhood until his appointment as H.M. Ambassador at Madrid. |publisher = John Murray (London) }} , 2 volumes, biography
**{{citation| title = Volume 1 | year = 1903 | url = https://archive.org/details/autobiographylet01layauoft }}
**{{citation| title = Volume 2 | year =1903 | url  =https://archive.org/details/autobiographylet02layauoft }}
{{refend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation | author-link = Arnold Brackman | last = Brackman | first = Arnold C. | title = The Luck of Nineveh: Archaeology's Great Adventure | publisher = McGraw-Hill Book Company | year = 1978 | isbn = 0-07-007030-X | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/luckofnineveharc0000brac }}, also published by  Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1981, paperback, {{ISBN|0-442-28260-5}}.
*  {{citation| last =  Jerman| first =  B.R. | title = The Young Disraeli | publisher =  Princeton University Press| year =  1960 }}
*  {{citation| author-link = Nora Benjamin Kubie| last = Kubie | first = Nora Benjamin | title = Road to Nineveh: the adventures and excavations of Sir Austen Henry Layard  | year = 1964 }}
* {{citation| last =   Larsen | first =  Mogens T. | title = The Conquest of Assyria | publisher =  Routledge| year =  1996 | isbn = 0-415-14356-X }}
*  {{citation| author-link=Seton Lloyd|last =  Lloyd | first =  Seton. | title = Foundations in the Dust: The Story of Mesopotamian Exploration | publisher =  Thames & Hudson| year =  1981 |isbn = 0-500-05038-4 }}
*  {{citation|author-link  =Gordon Waterfield| last =  Waterfield | first =  Gordon. | title = Layard of Nineveh | publisher = John Murray| year =  1963 }}
* {{citation| editor-first = Kuneralp| editor-last =  Sinan  | title = The Queen's Ambassador to the Sultan. Memoirs of Sir Henry A. Layard's Constantinople Embassy 1877–1880| publisher =  The ISIS Press, Istanbul | year = 2009|isbn = 978-975-428-395-2 }}
*  {{citation| author-link=Robert Silverberg| last =  Silverberg | first =  Robert. | title =  The man who found Nineveh. The story of Austen Henry Layard | publisher =  Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York| year =  1964 }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Austen Henry Layard}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikisource|works=or}}
* {{Gutenberg author|id=40288}}
* {{Librivox author |id=14165}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-austen-layard | Austen Henry Layard }}
* [https://blog.archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/2020/03/02/unearthing-family-treasures-the-layard-and-blenkinsopp-coulson-archives/ Feature about the Lanyard and Blenkinsopp Coulson Archives]

{{S-start}}
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{{succession box
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Aylesbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Aylesbury]]
| years = 1852–1857
| with = [[Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury|Richard Bethell]]
| before = [[Quintin Dick]]<br />[[Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury|Richard Bethell]]
| after = [[Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury|Richard Bethell]]<br />[[Sir Thomas Bernard, 6th Baronet|Thomas Tyringham Bernard]]
}}
{{succession box
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Southwark (UK Parliament constituency)|Southwark]]
| years = 1860–1870
| with = [[John Locke (MP)|John Locke]]
| before = [[Charles Napier (naval officer)|Sir Charles Napier]]<br />[[John Locke (MP)|John Locke]]
| after = [[John Locke (MP)|John Locke]]<br />[[Marcus Beresford (1818–1890)|Marcus Beresford]]
}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs|Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]
| before = [[Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley|The Lord Stanley of Alderley]]
| after = [[Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby|Lord Stanley]]
| years = 1852
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs|Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]
| before = [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|The Lord Wodehouse]]
| after = [[Edward Egerton]]
| years = 1861–1866
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[First Commissioner of Works]]
| before = [[John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland|Lord John Manners]]
| after = [[Acton Smee Ayrton]]
| years = 1868–1869
}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Henry Elliot|Sir Henry Elliot]]
| title = [[Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to the Ottoman Empire|British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire]]
| years = 1877–1880
| after = [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Earl of Dufferin]]
}}
{{s-aca}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Rector of the University of Aberdeen#Rector of Marischal College, Aberdeen|Rector of Marischal College, Aberdeen]]
| before = [[William Henry Sykes]]
| after = [[Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope|Earl Stanhope]]
| years = 1855–58
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Layard, Austen Henry}}
[[Category:1817 births]]
[[Category:1894 deaths]]
[[Category:Archaeologists of Nineveh]]
[[Category:English Assyriologists]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Aberdeen]]
[[Category:Trustees of the British Museum]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1852–1857]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1859–1865]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1865–1868]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1868–1874]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Spain]]
[[Category:Victorian writers]]
[[Category:19th-century English writers]]
[[Category:19th-century British archaeologists]]
[[Category:19th-century British diplomats]]
[[Category:Burials in Dorset]]
[[Category:British expatriates in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]