View source for BAC Jet Provost

{{Short description|British jet trainer aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name=Jet Provost
 |image=File:BAC Jet Provost (cropped).jpg
 |caption=Jet Provost T5 
 |type=Military [[trainer aircraft]]
 |manufacturers=[[Hunting Percival]] <br />[[British Aircraft Corporation]]
 |designer=
 |first_flight=26 June 1954
 |introduction=1955
 |retired=1993
 |status=mostly retired, some examples flown privately
 |primary_user=[[Royal Air Force]]
 |more_users=<!--up to three more. please separate with <br />.-->
 |produced=1958–1967
 |number_built=734<ref name = "herit prov"/>
 |unit cost=
 |developed_from=[[Percival Provost]]
 |developed_into=[[BAC Strikemaster]]
}}

The '''BAC Jet Provost''' is a British [[jet trainer]] aircraft that was in use with the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) from 1955 to 1993. It was originally developed by [[Hunting Percival]] from the earlier [[piston engine]]-powered [[Percival Provost]] basic trainer, and later produced by the [[British Aircraft Corporation]] (BAC). In addition to the multiple RAF orders, the Jet Provost, sometimes with light armament, was exported to  many air forces worldwide. The design was also further developed into a more heavily armed [[Attack aircraft|ground attack]] variant under the name [[BAC Strikemaster]].

== Development ==
===Origins===
In early 1951, Hunting Percival began work on the design studies that would ultimately lead to the Jet Provost.<ref name="fi58 p795"/> At the time, the company was in the process of establishing mass production for the earlier [[Piston engine|piston-engined]] [[Percival Provost]] basic trainer, but had anticipated that demand for a jet-powered trainer aircraft would be on the horizon. The design team aimed to produce an aircraft capable of equalling the handling characteristics of operational jet fighters of the era while also possessing modest approach and [[Stall (fluid mechanics)|stall]] speeds and remaining simple to handle, as opposed to aiming to obtain maximum performance.<ref name="fi58 p795"/>

[[File:Hunting Jet Provost T.1 XD674 Farnborough 10.09.54 edited-2.jpg|thumb|The prototype Jet Provost T.1 with the initial longer undercarriage at the [[Farnborough Air Show]] in 1954]]
During the early design process, a series of increasingly frequent liaisons with [[RAF Flying Training Command]] took place, helping to gauge the considerations required to succeed in aspects of the proposed aircraft's design, such as instructional processes and maintenance requirements.<ref name="fi58 p795"/> During development, Hunting Percival had intentionally reused as many existing components and subsystems of the Percival Provost as possible, including the [[Empennage#Tailplanes|tail surfaces]], [[Wing configuration|main planes]] and main [[landing gear|undercarriage]] legs, to speed development through to the prototype stage.<ref name="fi58 p795"/> The initial design work was performed as a private venture, independent of any service requirement; in March 1953, sponsorship from the British Government to support the development was made available as a result of interest from the [[Ministry of Supply]].<ref name="fi58 p795"/> That same month, an order for service-test quantity of Jet Provosts was received.<ref name="fi55 p587">''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, p. 587.</ref>

===Prototypes and evaluation===
On 26 June 1954, the prototype ''XD674'' conducted its [[maiden flight]] from the factory at [[Luton Airport]], flown by Dick Wheldon.<ref name="fi58 p795">''Flight International'' 13 June 1958, p. 795.</ref> A series of seven flights were flown in quick succession over the following three days. By early November 1954, a total of 123 flying hours had been accumulated by the prototype during Hunting Percival's own flight test program, after which the prototype was submitted for official trials at [[MoD Boscombe Down|RAF Boscombe Down]].<ref name="fi58 p795"/> While testing proved the overall performance of the Jet Provost to be satisfactory, refinements were made, such as shortening the legs of the landing gear for a smoother ride when deployed at semi-prepared airstrips.<ref name="fi58 p795"/>

On 19 February 1955, the first of ten pre-production aircraft, designated as the ''Jet Provost T1'', performed its first flight.<ref name="fi58 p795"/> In May 1955, three of the pre-production aircraft were assigned for the first stage of service trials with the [[Central Flying School]] (CFS) of the RAF to determine the value of the Jet Provost in the ''[[ab initio]]'' training role and to develop a syllabus for the training program. During the second stage of CFS trials using the same three aircraft, actual students were introduced to the type for practical evaluation purposes, which was performed at [[Hullavington Airfield|RAF Hullavington]] until the successful completion of trials on 2 July 1956.<ref>''Flight International'' 13 June 1958, pp. 795–796.</ref> According to feedback from CFS examiners, the Jet Provost had noticeably improved the performance of students during its trial deployment.<ref name="fi58 p796">''Flight International'' 13 June 1958, p. 796.</ref>

===Further development===
As a result of the results and responses produced from the trials performed using the pre-production aircraft, Hunting Percival proceeded to develop and incorporate several different improvements upon the design. Amongst the changes made was an overall smoothing of the fuselage lines, [[hydraulics|hydraulic]] systems being substituted for [[pneumatic]] counterparts, and the addition of a [[Vertical stabilizer#Stall of the vertical tail|dorsal fillet]]; the new model was designated as the ''Jet Provost T2''.<ref name="fi58 p796"/> On 1 September 1955, the first Jet Provost T2 made its first flight. This variant was used only for development work; in addition to seeing use at Hullavington, three Jet Provost T2s were dispatched overseas for [[winterization]] trials in [[Scandinavia]] and a series of sales tours across [[Europe]], [[Canada]], the [[United States of America]], and [[Latin America]].<ref name="fi58 p796"/>

[[File:jet and prop provosts arp.jpg|thumb|left|Preserved BAC Jet Provost T5a in formation with a Percival Provost T1]]
In June 1957, a production order was placed for the first 40 of the developed ''Jet Provost T3'', featuring a more powerful [[Armstrong Siddeley Viper]] jet engine, ejector seats, a redesign of the airframe, and a shortened and strengthened version of the retractable tricycle [[Landing gear|undercarriage]].<ref name="fi58 p795"/> Percival built a single example, which was used purely for structural tests throughout the development stages, giving the designers valuable research into what could be achieved with the basic design.<ref>''Flight International'' 13 June 1958, pp. 796–798.</ref> On 22 June 1958, the first Jet Provost T.3 conducted its first flight.<ref name = "herit prov"/> In total, 201 T3s were delivered between 1958 and 1962.

The ''T4'' followed in 1960, fitted with a more powerful variant of the Viper engine and first flown on 15 July, and this was followed by the [[Cabin pressurization|pressurised]] ''T5'' in 1967.<ref name="t5ff">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Flight International]]|date=9 March 1967|page=379|title=The Jet Provost T.5}}</ref> The ''T51'' was an armed export version, sold to Ceylon (present day [[Sri Lanka]]), Kuwait and Sudan. It was armed with two 7.7-mm (0.303-inch) [[machine gun]]s. The ''T52'' was another export version sold to Iraq, [[South Yemen]], Sudan and Venezuela, with the same armament as the T51. The ''T55'' was the final armed export version which was sold to Sudan.{{Citation needed|date=April 2016}} A more heavily armed variant of the airframe was developed as the [[BAC Strikemaster]].

==Design==
[[File:Cutaway_Jet_Provost_(3236849646).jpg|thumb|Jet Provost training frame with cutaway sections at [[RAF Cosford]], 2004]]
[[File:jet provost t5 fairford arp.jpg|thumb|ex-RAF BAC Jet Provost T5 lands at [[RAF Fairford]], England, in 2008]]
The BAC Jet Provost is a dedicated jet-powered trainer aircraft; according to aviation publication ''[[Flight International]]'', it has the distinction of being the first ''[[ab initio]]'' jet trainer to be standardised by any air force.<ref name="fi58 p795"/> As designed, it was intended for the Jet Provost to replace, rather than accompany, the use of piston-engine trainer aircraft.<ref name="fi55 p586"/> The Jet Provost incorporates numerous features to support students during training. The aerodynamic design deliberately avoids speed, instead focusing on favourable handling characteristics and ease of recovery from stall and [[Spin (aerodynamics)|spin]] conditions. An emphasis was placed on flexibility, enabling use of the type throughout a range of training operations.<ref name="fi58 p798">''Flight International'' 13 June 1958, p. 798.</ref>

The cockpit of the Jet Provost, and much of the operational equipment fittings, is essentially identical to that of the preceding [[Percival Provost]].<ref>''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, p. 582-585.</ref> It features a side-by-side seating arrangement, both positions being fitted with duplicated flight controls and instrumentation, which is well suited to the pupil-instructor pairing.<ref name="fi55 p583"/> The dual flight controls employs conventional manually-controlled [[flight control surfaces]] via a cable-and-[[tie rod]] arrangement. A key feature for the era amongst the fittings in the cockpit is the [[Annunciator panel|Centralized Warning Panel]], which alerts the pilots in the event of a number of unfavourable or hazardous conditions being detected, such as [[icing conditions]], fire, and oxygen failure.<ref name="fi58 p799"/> The high-flying capabilities of the Jet Provost necessitated the addition of an [[Oxygen mask#Oxygen masks for aviators|oxygen system]] in the cockpit, which was [[Cabin pressurization|unpressurised]] on early production aircraft.<ref name="fi55 p585"/>

The Jet Provost has an uncomplicated structure, the airframe being based on the Percival Provost, albeit being strengthened in key areas such as the main wing [[Spar (aeronautics)|spar]] and featuring a substantially different [[landing gear|undercarriage]] arrangement.<ref>''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, pp. 582–583.</ref> It possesses an all-metal stressed-skin fuselage built in two sections, the forward section stretching from the rear of the engine bay to the nose comprises a double-frame to absorb the wing and engine loads, while the rear fuselage section uses an orthodox semi-monocoque structure.<ref>''Flight International'' 13 June 1958, pp. 798–799.</ref> Major loads across the fuselage are supported by a combination of four [[longeron]]s and a single [[Collar beam|longitudinal beam]] across the upper-center line.<ref name="fi55 p582">''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, p. 582.</ref> The [[ailerons]], [[Elevator (aeronautics)|elevators]], and [[rudder]] are all attached to the airframe via two inset hinges each.<ref name="fi55 p583"/> The nose contains a hinged metal assembly, housing the [[radio]], batteries, and other electronic equipment, and is easily serviceable by ground crew.<ref>''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, pp. 583–584, 586.</ref> All fuel tankage is housed within the wings.<ref name="fi55 p586"/> Where possible, all components used were designed to maximized interchangeability and to conform with international standardisation; a total of 49 service panels across the aircraft's exterior provides access for maintenance and servicing.<ref name="fi55 p583">''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, p. 583.</ref><ref name="fi58 p799">''Flight International'' 13 June 1958, p. 799.</ref>

The Jet Provost is equipped with a single [[Armstrong Siddeley Viper|Armstrong Siddeley Viper 101]] [[turbojet]] engine, which is mounted behind the cockpit in a roomy [[stainless steel]]-lined engine bay upon a secondary steel-tube structure.<ref>''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, pp. 582, 585–586.</ref> Air is fed to the engine by a pair of [[ram-air intake]]s set on either side of the aircraft's forward fuselage connected via sharply-curving ducts to converge just forward of the engine itself.<ref>''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, pp. 584, 586.</ref> As supplied, each engine is delivered as a compact engine-change unit, comprising the engine itself, accessories, and oil tank.<ref name="fi55 p582"/> Both the hydraulic and electrical systems were driven via a fuselage-mounted [[accessory drive|accessories gearbox]] connected to the Viper engine by a [[Telescopic cylinder|telescopic]] drive.<ref name="fi55 p586">''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, p. 586.</ref> One particularly favourable aspect of the Viper engine is the low maintenance demands imposed for the era.<ref name="fi58 p796"/> Engine ignition is achieved via an electric starter system, the engine controls have been described as being of a conventional nature.<ref name="fi55 p586"/>

== Operational service ==
[[File:Hunting Jet Provost T.3 XN605 '9' 6 FTS Valley 03.09.67 edited-2.jpg|thumb|Operational Jet Provost T3 of No.6 Flying Training School, RAF, in 1967]]
[[File:BAC Jet Provost T4 XP673 03 (G-RAFI) (7211694114).jpg|thumb|Open cockpit and nose cone of a Jet Provost T.3]]

The Jet Provost proved to be a capable trainer, being used in the ''ab initio'' Basic Trainer role from the outset (pilots progressed to the [[de Havilland Vampire]] and later the [[Folland Gnat]] for Advanced Jet Training).

After successful acceptance trials of the T1 during late 1955 at No. 2 Flying Training School at [[RAF Hullavington]], the RAF formally accepted the type in 1957. The first production version was the T3, powered by the Viper 102, and this entered service with No. 2 FTS, located at [[RAF Syerston]], during June 1959, when deliveries commenced from the Hunting Aircraft factory at [[Luton airport]]. The T3 was also operated by [[Central Flying School]] at [[RAF Little Rissington]]; the [[Royal Air Force College]] at [[RAF Cranwell]],  Lincolnshire; by No. 1 Flying Training School at [[RAF Linton-on-Ouse]], Yorkshire; 3FTS at [[RAF Leeming]], Yorkshire; 6FTS at [[RAF Acklington]], Northumberland; and 7FTS at [[RAF Church Fenton]], Yorkshire. The twin-seated side by side variant was also used at [[RAF Brawdy]] in Wales to train [[Forward Air Controller]]s.

The later T4 was fitted with the more powerful Viper A.S.V. 11 of 2,500&nbsp;lbs static [[thrust]] and first flew on 15 July 1960. It quickly entered service with the units listed above.

The T5 variant was fitted with the Viper 201 and cockpit pressurisation. These developments encouraged the RAF to utilise the Jet Provost in a number of different roles besides basic training. With a top speed of 440&nbsp;mph, excellent maneuverability, mechanical reliability and low operating costs, the Jet Provost was utilized as an [[Aerobatics|aerobatic]] aircraft, air warfare and tactical weapons training as well as advanced training. The first T5 made its maiden flight on 28 February 1967 and deliveries from BAC{{'}}s [[Warton, Fylde|Warton]] factory commenced on 3 September 1969. Operators of the T5 included the RAFs [[Central Flying School]] and No. 1, No. 3 and No. 6 Flying Training Schools.<ref>Thetford, pp. 91–95</ref>

[[File:Hunting Jet Provost 603 Iraq FAR 12.09.64 edited-2.jpg|thumb|left|Jet Provost T52 of the Iraq Air Force at the [[Farnborough Air Show]] in 1964]]
Besides service with the RAF, the Jet Provost found success in export markets. A single Jet Provost T2 was exported to Australia and was operated by the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] (RAAF) to evaluate the type for the purpose of providing 'all-through' jet-based training.<ref name = "prov raaf"/> Following a six-month evaluation period, the RAAF ultimately decided to retain the [[de Havilland Vampire]] to fulfill its requirements for a jet-powered trainer, and later replaced its Vampires with the Italian-built [[Aermacchi MB-326]] during the late 1960s instead. The sole aircraft itself was retained, being presented to the Sydney Technical College for use as an instructional airframe, and was later preserved.<ref name = "prov raaf"/><ref name="ADF Serials">{{Cite web|url=http://www.adf-serials.com.au/2a99.htm|title=ADF Serials - Jet Provost|website=www.adf-serials.com.au}}</ref>

Ceylon ordered 12 Jet Provost T51, these went into operational service in early 1960, one crashed in February 1960 following a flame out. The Provost were meant for pilot conversions for jets and intended as a stepping stone to introduce jet fighters to the [[Royal Ceylon Air Force]] (RCyAF). However these plans were scrapped due to defense cuts following the [[1962 Ceylonese coup d'état attempt|attempted coup in 1962]] and by the late 1960s the remaining Provosts were mothballed. With the outbreak of the [[1971 JVP insurrection]] in April 1971, the RCyAF took out its mothballed Provosts and started a crash program to bring these to operational readiness in three days. These Provost carried out ground attack sorties on insurgent targets, vectored in by helicopters that used smoke bombs to mark targets for Provosts. One Provost crashed returning from a sortie and its pilot killed.<ref>{{cite web |title=SLAF History : The First Jets Arrive |url=https://www.airforce.lk/history_pages.php?pages=the_first_jets_arrive |website=airforce.lk |publisher=Sri Lanka Air Force |access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref>

Nigeria acquired two ex-Sudan Air Force Jet Provost T.51s in 1967, using them for training and ground attack purposes against [[Biafra]] during the [[Nigerian Civil War]]. Flown both by Nigerian and [[mercenary]] pilots, they proved effective as in both roles, but efforts to obtain more Jet Provosts directly from Britain failed.<ref name="shadp789">{{harvnb|Draper|1999|pp=78–79}}</ref>
   
The Jet Provost was withdrawn from RAF service during the early 1990s, having been replaced by the newer [[turboprop]]-powered [[Short Tucano]]. ''Ab initio'' training had reverted to piston-engined aircraft in the early 1970s, using the [[Scottish Aviation Bulldog]].

The Jet Provost remains popular among private operators and enthusiasts; being an inexpensive jet, many have been acquired and maintained in a flightworthy condition by collectors and private individuals. Some are flown at airshows, whilst roughly equal numbers are maintained in ground-runnable condition at various locations, many of these being in the United Kingdom.

{{clear left}}

== Variants ==
[[File:Hunting Jet Provost T5 XW309 V.6 FINN 30.07.77 edited-3.jpg|thumb|Operational Jet Provost T.5 of No.6 Flying Training School in 1977]]
[[File:XW420 (8999744158).jpg|thumb|Head-on view of a BAC Jet Provost T.5]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Model
!Number built
!Manufacturer
!Comments
|-
|'''Jet Provost T1'''
|12
|Hunting Percival
|Initial production batch for the RAF.
|-
|'''Jet Provost T2'''
|3
|Hunting Percival
|Development aircraft only.
|-
|'''Jet Provost T2B'''
|1
|Hunting Percival
|Company demonstrator. Evaluated in Portugal.<ref name=JPHT2>{{cite web |url=http://www.jetprovostheaven.com/jpt2/jpt2history.html |title=The Jet Provost T.2 |author=Adrian Balch|author2= John Luke|author3= Dave Key |name-list-style=amp |website=Jet Provost Heaven|editor=Mark Russell}}</ref>
|-
|'''Jet Provost T3'''
|201
|Hunting Aircraft
|Main production batch for the RAF.
|-
|'''Jet Provost T3A'''
|(70)
|Hunting
|Modified T3 with improved avionics for the RAF.
|-
|'''Jet Provost T4'''
|198
|BAC
|Variant with more powerful engine for the RAF.
|-
|'''Jet Provost T5'''
|110
|BAC
|Pressurised version for the RAF.
|-
|'''Jet Provost T5A'''||(93)||BAC||Modified T5 with improved avionics and a rough grey coating on the wing to break up the smooth airflow and give the trainee pilot an early indication of the onset of a stall (the T5's original clean wing gave the pilot little warning).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://all-aero.com/index.php/contactus/7763-percival-p84-jet-provost |title=Percival Hunting P.84 Jet Provost|website=All-aero.com |access-date= 10 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
|'''(Jet Provost T5B)'''||(13)||BAC||Unofficial designation: a T5 fitted with tip-tanks used for [[Weapon systems officer|Navigator]] training.
|-
|'''Jet Provost T51'''
|22
|Hunting Aircraft
|Export version of the T3 (12 built for Ceylon, four built for Sudan, and six built for Kuwait).
|-
|'''Jet Provost T52'''||43||BAC||Export version of the T4 (20 built for Iraq, 15 built for Venezuela, eight built for Sudan).
|-
|'''Jet Provost T52A'''||?||BAC||Export version of the T4 (? built for South Yemen).
|-
|'''Jet Provost T55'''||5||BAC||Export version of the T5, built for Sudan.
|-
|'''[[BAC Strikemaster]]'''||146||BAC||Ground attack version of the T5.
|-
|'''BAC 166'''||1||BAC||Private venture trial variant of the T4 with a Viper 522 engine.
|}

== Operators ==
[[File:jet provost g-bwds kemble arp.jpg|thumb|ex-RAF Jet Provost T3a on display at [[Kemble Airport|Kemble Air Day]] 2008, England]]
[[File:Hunting Jet Provost, Front Range Airport, Colorado.jpg|thumb|A BAC Jet Provost at [[Front Range Airport]], [[Colorado]], 2006]]
[[File:BAC Jet Provost T5 XW324 U (G-BWSG) (9461785218).jpg|thumb|Underside of a preserved BAC Jet Provost in period RAF markings, 2013]]
;{{AUS}}
*[[Royal Australian Air Force]] evaluated a single T.2 in [[No. 1 Flying Training School RAAF]] for six months in 1959.<ref name="ADF Serials" />
;{{flag|Ceylon}}
*[[Sri Lanka Air Force|Royal Ceylon Air Force]] received 12 T.51s.
;{{flag|Iraq|1963}}
*[[Iraqi Air Force]] received 20 T.52s, with deliveries starting in August 1964.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sipos |first1=Milos |last2=Cooper |first2=Tom |title=Wings of Iraq, Volume 1: The Iraqi Air Force, 1931-1970 |date=2020 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-913118-74-7 |page=57}}</ref>
;{{KUW}}
*[[Kuwait Air Force]] received six T.51s.
;{{NGR}}
*[[Nigerian Air Force]] received two ex-Sudanese T.51s in 1967.<ref name="shadp78">{{harvnb|Draper|1999|p=78}}</ref> 
;{{POR}}
*[[Portuguese Air Force]] evaluated the T.2B in 1959. (Returned to UK in 1960).<ref name=JPHT2/>
;{{SGP}}
*[[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] operated three (ex-South Yemen Air Force) T.52s from 1975 until 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=PROV|title=UK Civil Aviation Authority Aircraft Register – Entry for former Singapore AF Jet Provost T52 registered G-PROV|access-date=26 September 2008|archive-date=6 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150328/http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=PROV|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Andrade 1982, page 192</ref><ref>[http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=JETP "Jet Provost T52 registered G-JETP."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224044856/http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=JETP |date=24 February 2014 }} UK Civil Aviation Authority Aircraft Register. Retrieved: 3 July 2010.</ref>
;{{flag|South Yemen}}
*[[Yemeni Air Force|People's Republic of Yemen Air Force]] (originally South Arabian Air Force) received four T.52As in 1967, and then four Strikemasters in 1970.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994 |date=2017 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Solihull, UK |isbn=978-1-912174-23-2 |page=30}}</ref>
;{{SUD}}
*[[Sudan Air Force]] received four T.51s and eight T.52s in 1962. Five T.55s were ordered in 1966.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Weinert |first2=Peter |last3=Hinz |first3=Fabian |last4=Lepko |first4=Mark |title=African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe |date=2011 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |location=Houston |isbn=978-0-9825539-8-5 |page=112}}</ref>
;{{UK}}
*[[Royal Air Force]]
** [[No. 1 Flying Training School RAF]] (1961-){{sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|2007|p=134}}
** [[No. 2 Flying Training School RAF]] (1955–70){{sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|2007|p=134}}
** [[No. 3 Flying Training School RAF]] (1961-){{sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|2007|p=134}}
** [[No. 6 Flying Training School RAF]] (1961-68 & 1970-88){{sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|2007|p=136}}
** [[No. 7 Flying Training School RAF]] (1962-66 & 1979-92){{sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|2007|p=136}}
** [[Central Flying School]] (1955{{sfn|Sturtivant|1987|p=198}}-at least 1977){{sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|2007|p=84}}
** [[Royal Air Force College Cranwell]]{{sfn|Sturtivant|1987|p=247}}
** [[RAF College of Air Warfare]]{{sfn|Sturtivant|1987|p=247}}
** [[Central Air Traffic Control School]]{{sfn|March|1990|p=82}}
;{{flag|Venezuela|1930}}
*[[Venezuelan Air Force]] received 15 T.52s.

==Surviving aircraft==
{{More citations needed section|date=August 2023}}
[[File:Jet Provost at Gippsland Armed Forces Museum.jpg|thumb|Jet Provost, outdoors in preservation, at [[Gippsland Armed Forces Museum]] ([[West Sale Airport]], [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]])]]

===Australia===
* The only Jet Provost T2 to enter service with the RAAF, ''A99-1'', is preserved at the [[RAAF Museum]], [[RAAF Williams]], [[Point Cook, Victoria|Point Cook]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], Australia.<ref name = "prov raaf">[https://www.airforce.gov.au/raafmuseum/research/aircraft/series2/A99.htm "A99 Jet Provost."] ''RAAF Museum'', Retrieved: 21 April 2016.</ref>
* A Jet Provost is outdoors in preservation at [[Gippsland Armed Forces Museum]] ([[West Sale Airport]], [[Victoria (Australia)|VIC]])

===Canada===
* Jet Provost T4, ''XR679 (C-FDJP)'', is housed at the [[Jet Aircraft Museum]], [[London International Airport]], [[Ontario]], Canada.<ref name="XR679 cana">[http://www.jetaircraftmuseum.ca/index.php/our-aircraft/11-our-aircraft/36-bac-jet-provost "BAC Jet Provost."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706084628/http://www.jetaircraftmuseum.ca/index.php/our-aircraft/11-our-aircraft/36-bac-jet-provost |date=6 July 2016 }} ''Jet Aircraft Museum'', Retrieved: 21 April 2016.</ref>

===Cyprus===
* Jet Provost T4, ''XP666'' is privately owned at Pafos Airport, Cyprus.

===Germany===
* Jet Provost T4, ''XS217'' is privately owned in Germany.

===Italy===
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XM478'' is on display at [[Volandia]] - Parco e Museo del Volo, Somma Lombardo, Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aviationmuseum.eu/Blogvorm/volandia-parco-e-museo-del-volo-malpensa/ |title=Volandia |website=AviationMuseum.eu|date=5 February 2016 }}</ref>

===Jersey===
* Jet Provost T4, ''XP573'' is at the Jersey Airport Fire Section, Channel Islands.

===New Zealand===
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW357'', is on display at the [[National Transport and Toy Museum, Wānaka|National Transport and Toy Museum]], [[Wānaka]], New Zealand.<ref>[http://nttmuseumwanaka.co.nz/bac-jet-provost-t5a/ "BAC Jet Provost T5A."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122061722/http://nttmuseumwanaka.co.nz/bac-jet-provost-t5a/ |date=22 January 2016 }} ''National Transport & Toy Museum'', Retrieved: 21 April 2016.</ref>

===Sri Lanka===
* 2 Jet Provost T51s are on display at the [[Sri Lanka Air Force Museum]], Rathmalana, Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airforcemuseum.lk|title=Sri Lanka Air Force Museum|website=www.airforcemuseum.lk|access-date=2018-05-22}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
* Jet Provost T1, ''XD674'' is located in Hangar 1 at [[Royal Air Force Museum Cosford]].
* Jet Provost T1, ''XM129'' (painted as '''XD693''') is stored at [[North Weald Airfield]].
* Jet Provost T3, ''XM351'' is also located at [[Royal Air Force Museum Cosford]].
* Jet Provost T3, ''XN458'' was bought on [[eBay]] for £1,050 by a group of people formed for the purpose, the 458 Club.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crakehal.demon.co.uk/XN458/XN458_Index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211135602/http://www.crakehal.demon.co.uk/XN458/XN458_Index.htm|archive-date=11 February 2012|website=458 Club|title=XN458}}</ref> It was put on display after restoration, in the original 1960s colour scheme of [[No. 1 Flying Training School RAF|1 FTS]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/XN458.html |title=Aircraft Data XN458, 1960 Hunting P-84 Jet Provost T.3 C/N PAC/W/10137 |website=Airport-data.com |access-date= 10 August 2018}}</ref> in the [[beer garden]] of the Standard Inn, [[Northallerton]], [[North Yorkshire]], England, whose [[Landlord#Licensed victualler|landlord]] Paul Greig found and [[Auction sniping|snipe]]-bid for the aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-45146371 |title=Jet Provost lands in Yorkshire pub beer garden|website=BBC News|date= 10 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/vintage-jet-in-beer-garden-1-2625596 |title=Vintage jet in beer garden! |website=Harrogate Advertiser |date=26 May 2005 |access-date=10 August 2018 |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810173901/https://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/vintage-jet-in-beer-garden-1-2625596 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Now located at Fishburn Historic Aviation Centre, Fishburn airfield, County Durham.
* Jet Provost T3, ''XN637'' (registered as "G-BKOU" for civilian use) is owned by a private group and flies from [[North Weald Airfield]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=JET PROVOST HEAVEN |url=http://www.jetprovostheaven.com/jpt3/jpt3survivors.html }}</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A ''XM350'', is on display at [[South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum]], along with [[cockpit]] sections of T3 ''XM411'', T3 ''XN511'' and T4 ''XS216.''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.southyorkshireaircraftmuseum.org.uk/aircraftlist |title=Aircraft List |website=South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174650/https://www.southyorkshireaircraftmuseum.org.uk/aircraftlist |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XM405'' (registered as "G-TORE" for civilian use<ref>[http://www.jetprovostheaven.com/jpt3/xm405.html "HUNTING JET PROVOST T.3A XM405 (G-TORE)"]</ref>), is located on a private farm in Market Harborough.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDFqsDrLtiI "Why Won't It Start? T34/85 Episode 1"] YouTube, Retrieved: 29 August 2022.</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XM412'', is located on the airfield at [[Balado, Kinross|Balado]], near [[Kinross]], Scotland.<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/egbj/14498973858 "Jet Provost T3A XM412."] ''Flickr'', Retrieved: 6 March 2017.</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XM414'', is located at the Ulster Aviation Society at Long Kesh, [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>[https://www.ulsteraviationsociety.org/jet-provost-t3a "Jet Provost T3A XM414"]</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XM479'' (registered as "G-BVEZ" for civilian use), is owned by a private group and flies from [[Leeds East Airport]].<ref>[https://www.newcastlejetprovost.net/portraits "Newcastle Jet Provost"]</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XN459'', (registered as "G-BWOT" for civilian use) is owned by a private group and flies from [[North Weald Airfield]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=JET PROVOST HEAVEN |url=http://www.jetprovostheaven.com/jpt3/jpt3survivors.html}}</ref>
[[File:jet.provost.t3a.xm479.arp.jpg|thumb|ex-RAF BAC Jet Provost T3A in private ownership]]
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XN582'', is preserved at the [[Yorkshire Air Museum]], [[Elvington, City of York|Elvington]], [[York]], England. The museum has also acquired T3A ''XN589'' with the closure of nearby [[RAF Linton-on-Ouse]] and is restoring it.<ref name=DeM>{{cite web|url=http://www.demobbed.org.uk/aircraft.php?type=635|title=Hunting Jet Provost|website=Demobbed|access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XN586'', is on display at the [[Brooklands Museum]], [[Weybridge]], [[Surrey]], England.<ref>[http://www.brooklandsmuseum.com/index.php?/explore/aircraft-gliders-cockpit-sections/ "Powered Aircraft, Gliders & Aircraft Cockpit Sections."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428164504/http://www.brooklandsmuseum.com/index.php?/explore/aircraft-gliders-cockpit-sections/ |date=28 April 2016 }} ''Brooklands Museum'', Retrieved: 21 April 2016.</ref>
* Jet Provost T4, ''XP556'', is at Cranwell Aviation Heritage Museum, North Rauceby, Lincolnshire, England.<ref>[http://www.jetprovostheaven.com/jpt4/xp556.html "Hunting Jet Provost T.4 XP556"] ''Jet Provost Heaven''</ref>
* Jet Provost T4, ''XP557'', is at [[Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum]], [[Dumfries]], Scotland.<ref>[http://www.dumfriesaviationmuseum.com/jet-provost "Jet Provost T4 XP557."] ''Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum'', Retrieved: 21 April 2016.</ref>
* Jet Provost T4, ''XP568'' is on static display at East Midlands Aeropark.<ref>[http://www.eastmidlandsairport.com/at-the-airport/attractions/the-aeropark/aircraft-on-display/ "Aircraft on Display."] ''East Midlands Airport'', Retrieved: 29 April 2016.</ref>
* Jet Provost T4, ''XP627'', is on display at [[North East Land, Sea and Air Museums]], [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]], [[Tyne and Wear]], England.<ref>[http://www.nelsam.org.uk/NEAM/Exhibits/History/XP627.htm "BAC Jet Provost T.4 (XP627)."] ''North East Aircraft Museum'', Retrieved: 21 April 2016.</ref>
* Jet Provost T4, ''XP640'', is preserved at the [[Yorkshire Air Museum]], [[Elvington, City of York|Elvington]], York, England,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yorkshireairmuseum.org/exhibits/cold-war-aircraft/hunting-percival-jet-provost-t4/ |title=Hunting Percival Jet Provost T.4|website=Yorkshire Air Museum|access-date= 21 April 2016}}</ref> along with the cockpit section of T3 ''XM373''.<ref name=DeM/>
* Jet Provost T4, ''XS209'', is located at the [[Solway Aviation Museum]], [[Carlisle Lake District Airport]], England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solway-aviation-museum.co.uk/?page_id=105 |title=Aircraft|website=Solway Aviation Museum|access-date=21 April 2016}}</ref>
* Jet Provost T4, ''XS228'', converted to T52A for South Arabia and exported as ''G-27-7'' before serialled as ''104'', then South Yemen AF still as ''104'' until 1975, then ''352'' for Royal Singapore Airforce until 1980. Purchased by private owners in UK in 1983 with new reg ''G-PROV''. Flown most recently flying in original Southern Arabian markings as ''G-PROV'' but marked as ''104'' until at least 2023, current status unclear.
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW290'', is stored at [[Cold War Jets Collection]], Bruntingthorpe, [[Leicestershire]], England.
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW310'' (registered as ''G-BKOU'' for civilian use), is stored at [[North Weald Airfield]], [[Essex]], England.
* Jet Provost T5, ''XW323'', is located at the [[Royal Air Force Museum London]], [[Hendon Aerodrome]], London, England.<ref name = "rafmus">{{cite web|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/british-aircraft-corporation-jet-provost-t5a/ |title=British Aircraft Corporation Jet Provost T5A|website=RAF Museum|access-date=21 April 2016}}</ref>
* Jet Provost T5, ''XW324'' (registered as ''G-BWSG'' for civilian use), is stored at [[East Midlands Airport]], England.<ref>https://jetaerobatics.weebly.com/history-of-xw324.html</ref>
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW405'', is on display at the [[Hartlepool College of Further Education]], [[Hartlepool]], England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3745/12861686594_fa8219d5de_b.jpg |title=Hartlepool College of Further Education|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref> The college also uses T5 ''XW309'' and T5A ''XW404'' to educate students.<ref name=DeM/>
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW375'', is on site at the former [[Inverness Airport#Highland Aviation Museum|Highland Aviation Museum]]
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW434'', is on display as [[gate guardian]] at [[Wolverhampton Airport|Wolverhampton Halfpenny Green airport]]
[[File:Provost T5-A.jpg|thumb|XW312 Jet Provost, Located at the Everett Community College. Paine Field, Washington]]

===United States===
* Jet Provost T3, ''XM349'', is on static display at [[Air Heritage Aviation Museum]] in [[Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BAC Jet Provost T3 – Air Heritage Inc. |url=https://airheritage.org/aircraft/bac-jet-provost-t3/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XM357'', is housed at the [[Tillamook Air Museum]], [[Oregon]].<ref>[http://www.tillamookair.com/aircraft/ "Aircraft."] ''Tillamook Air Museum'', Retrieved: 21 April 2016.</ref>
* Jet Provost T3, ''XM455'', in a private collection in Las Vegas, Nevada
* Jet Provost T3A, ''XM464'', is on static display at [[Pima Air & Space Museum]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>[https://pimaair.org/museum-aircraft/hunting-jet-provost/ "Hunting Jet Provost"] ''Pima Air & Space Museum'', Retrieved: 21 June 2024.</ref>
[[File:T5-A Jet Provost.jpg|thumb|XW294 at the Everett Community College. Paine Field, WA]]
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW294'', located at the Everett Community College. Paine Field, Washington
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW306'', is privately owned and registered as N313A<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.flightaware.com/resources/registration/N313A | title=N313A (1974 BRITISH AIRCRAFT CORPORATION P84 JET PROVST MK.5A owned by GEYMAN EDWARD J) Aircraft Registration }}</ref>
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW312'', also located at the Everett Community College. Paine Field, Washington
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW314'', in private storage roadside in Maple Hill, North Carolina
* Jet Provost T5A, ''XW326'', registered as N326GV is located at the Zephyrhills airport in Florida. Privately owned and displayed at airshows by its owner aerobatic pilot Dondi Pesquera.

==Specifications (Jet Provost T.5)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971–72,<ref name="Janes 71 p181">Taylor 1971, p. 181.</ref> Flight International,<ref name="fi55 p585">''Flight International'', 6 May 1955, p. 585.</ref> BAE Systems<ref name="herit prov">[http://www.baesystems.com/en-uk/heritage/jet-provost-strikemaster "Heritage – Product – Jet Provost."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508062251/http://www.baesystems.com/en-uk/heritage/jet-provost-strikemaster |date=8 May 2016 }} ''BAE Systems'', Retrieved: 23 April 2016.</ref>
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|length ft=34
|length in=0
|length note=
|span ft=35
|span in=4
|span note=
|height ft=10
|height in=2
|height note=
|wing area sqft=213.7
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil='''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 23015 mod]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 4412 mod]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight lb=4888
|empty weight note=<ref name=warbirdalley>{{cite web |title=Warbird Alley: Jet Provost |url=http://www.warbirdalley.com/jp.htm |website=www.warbirdalley.com |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>
|gross weight lb=6989
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=9200
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Armstrong Siddeley Viper Mk.102]] / Mk.202
|eng1 type=[[turbojet]] engine
|eng1 lbf=1700
|eng1 note=<br />
::::{{cvt|2500|lbf|2}} '''Mk.202'''
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kts=382
|max speed note=at {{cvt|25000|ft|0}}
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range nmi=780
|range note=with tip tanks.
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=36750
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ftmin=4000
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading lb/sqft=32.7
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=<!--<br />
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns=2× 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns '''Mark 55'''
|bombs=
** 4× 540 lb (245&nbsp;kg) '''Mark 55'''
|rockets=<br />
** 6× 60 lb (27&nbsp;kg) ''or''
** 12× 25 lb (11&nbsp;kg) ''or''
** 28x 68&nbsp;mm SNEB rockets in four pods '''Mark 55'''

|avionics=
}}

== See also ==
{{External media|topic= |width=20% |float=right |video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nqg3fyKv-s A pair of preserved Jet Provosts performing an aerial display in formation] |video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLckjo4cjTU Footage of a Jet Provost being serviced at RAF Linton-on-Ouse in 1985] |video3=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dUV896VAc4 In-cockpit view of low-level flight in a Jet Provost]}}
{{Portal|UK|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[BAC Strikemaster]]
* [[Percival Provost]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Aero L-29 Delfín]]
* [[Canadair CT-114 Tutor]]
* [[Cessna T-37 Tweet]]
* [[Fouga CM.170 Magister]]
* [[HAL Kiran]]
* [[Saab 105]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force]]
|see also=
* [[Red Pelicans]]
}}

== References ==

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===

*{{cite book |last1=Bagshaw|first1=Alan|last2=Deacon|first2=Ray|last3=Pollock|first3=Alan|last4=Thomas|first4=Malcolm|title=RAF Little Rissington |year=2006 |publisher= Pen & Sword Aviation|location=[[Barnsley]], UK|isbn=978-1-84415-381-7}}
* Clarke, Bob. ''Jet Provost: The Little Plane With The Big History''. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing Plc, 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-84868-097-5}}.
* {{cite book |last=Draper |first=Michael I. |title=Shadows: Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970 |year=1999 |location=Aldershot, UK |publisher=Hikoki Publications |isbn=1-902109-63-5}}
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200779.html "Jet Provost T.3"]. ''[[Flight International]]'', 13 June 1958. Vol. 73, No. 2577, pp.&nbsp;795–799.
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200582.html "Jet Provost: Hunting Percival's New Ab Initio Trainer."] ''Flight International'', 6 May 1955. pp.&nbsp;582–587.
*{{cite book |last1=March|first1=Peter|title=Royal Air Force Yearbook 1990|year=1990|publisher= Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund|location=[[Fairford]], UK}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Matos |first1=José |title=Nao obrigado!: Portugal's Flirtation with the Hunting Jet Provost & BAC Strikemaster
 |journal=The Aviation Historian |date=2017 |issue=20 |pages=84–88 |issn=2051-1930}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sturtivant|first1=Ray|title=The History of Britain's Military Training Aircraft |year=1987 |publisher= Haynes Publishing Group|location= UK|isbn=0-85429-579-8}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sturtivant|first1=Ray|last2=Hamlin|first2=John|title=Royal Air Force flying training and support units since 1912 |year=2007 |publisher= Air-Britain (Historians)|location=[[Tonbridge]], UK|isbn=978-0851-3036-59}}
* Taylor, John W.R. "Hunting Jet Provost and BAC 167." ''Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present''. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. {{ISBN|0-425-03633-2}}.
* Taylor, John W.R., ed. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971–72''. London: Janes's Yearbooks, 1971. {{ISBN|0-354-00094-2}}.
* Thetford, Owen. ''Aircraft of the Royal Air Force since 1918''. Putnam & Company Limited. {{ISBN|0-370-10056-5}}.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|BAC Jet Provost}}
* [http://www.jetprovost.org/ The Jet Provost File: Individual RAF service histories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104235257/http://jetprovost.org/ |date=4 January 2014 }}
* [http://www.jetprovostheaven.com/ Jet Provost heaven]
* [http://www.warbirdalley.com/jp.htm Warbird Alley: Jet Provost page]

{{British Aircraft Corporation aircraft}}
{{Hunting Percival aircraft}}
{{British military aircraft since World War II}}
{{ADF aircraft designations}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:British Aircraft Corporation aircraft|Jet Provost]]
[[Category:1950s British military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Hunting Percival aircraft|Jet Provost]]
[[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1954]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]