View source for BC United

{{Short description|Provincial political party in Canada}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = BC United
| colorcode        = #19bfd2
| abbreviation     = BCU
| logo             = BC United Logo.png{{!}}class=skin-invert
| logo_upright     = 1.1
| caption          = 
| leader           = [[Kevin Falcon]]
| president        = Ryan Bruce (''acting'')<ref>{{cite web |title=B.C. United Throws Support to B.C. Conservatives |url=https://www.cpac.ca/headline-politics/episode/bc-united-throws-support-to-bc-conservatives--august-28-2024?id=68f32377-98b2-40b3-bf3f-adb94d7d5a59 |website=[[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]] |access-date=September 26, 2024 |date=August 28, 2024}}</ref>
| foundation       = {{Start date and age|1903}} (as BC Liberal Party)
| membership_year  = 2022
| membership       = {{increase}} 45,000<ref>{{cite web |title=B.C. Liberal Party set to become B.C. United after members vote to change party name |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-liberal-name-change-1.6653464 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=November 16, 2022 |access-date=October 13, 2023}}</ref>
| headquarters     = [[Vancouver]], British Columbia
| ideology         = {{ubl|[[Conservatism]]|[[Neoliberalism]]}}
| position         = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| national         = [[Liberal Party of Canada]] (until 1987)
| youth_wing       = [[#BC United Youth|BC United Youth]]
| seats1_title     = Seats in the [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia|Legislative Assembly]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|93|hex=#19bfd2}}
| colours          = {{ubl|{{Color box|19bfd2}} Aqua|{{Color box|db1b63}} Pink|{{Color box|#a51b12}} ''Deep Red''{{efn|Historically, as BC Liberals}}}}
| website          = {{URL|votebcunited.ca}}
| state            = British Columbia
}}

'''BC United''' ('''BCU'''), known from 1903 until 2023 as the '''British Columbia Liberal Party''' or '''BC Liberals''', is a provincial political party in [[British Columbia]], Canada. The party has been described as [[conservative]], [[neoliberal]], and occupying a [[centre-right]] position on the [[left–right political spectrum]].{{efn|The preponderance of [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] describe the party as:{{bulleted list|Conservative<ref name="GastilKnobloch2020">{{cite book|author1=John Gastil|author2=Katherine R. Knobloch|title=Hope for Democracy: How Citizens Can Bring Reason Back Into Politics|year=2020|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190084523|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqnDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|page=52}}</ref><ref name="Hoberg2021">{{cite book|author= George Hoberg|title=The Resistance Dilemma: Place-Based Movements and the Climate Crisis|year=2021|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262543088|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSk5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281|page=281}}</ref><ref name="YonatanSandra2003">{{cite book |first1=Yonatan |last1=Reshef|first2=Sandra |last2=Rastin|title=Unions in the Time of Revolution: Government Restructuring in Alberta and Ontario |url=https://archive.org/details/unionsintimeofre0000resh |url-access=registration |access-date=May 4, 2013 |year=2003 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-8753-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/unionsintimeofre0000resh/page/n20 1]}}</ref><ref name="Rosenberg2008">{{cite book |first=Karen E. |last=Rosenberg |title=From Moderate Chastisement to Mandatory Arrest: Responses to Violence Against Women in Canada and the United States |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RAmbWuBfSQC&pg=PA91 |access-date=May 4, 2013 |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-109-00418-2 |page=91}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |title=In Canada, $7{{nbsp}}billion dam tests the limits of state power |date=December 10, 2016 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/in-canada-7-billion-dam-tests-the-limits-of-state-power/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=British Columbia Proposes Ban on Corporate and Union Donations in Elections |date=September 18, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/world/canada/british-columbia-elections-finance.html}}</ref>|Neoliberal<ref name="Vickers2013">{{cite book |first=Jill |last=Vickers |title=Federalism Feminism and Multilevel Governance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQs4mJTmhc4C&pg=PA64 |access-date=May 5, 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-4094-9985-5 |page=64}}</ref><ref name="ManiatesMeyer2010">{{cite book |author1=Michael. Maniates |first2=John M. |last2=Meyer |title=The environmental politics of sacrifice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8h8at2kaN0YC&pg=PA190 |access-date=May 7, 2013 |year=2010 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-28878-1 |page=190}}</ref>|Centre-right<ref name="Rayside2017">{{cite book|author=David Rayside|author2=Jerald Sabin|author3=Paul E.J. Thomas|title=Religion and Canadian Party Politics|year=2017|publisher=UBC Press|isbn= 9780774835619|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXAlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA241|page=241}}</ref><ref name="Mason">{{cite news |first=Gary |last=Mason|title=By-election losses put B.C. Liberals on notice: Reunite or cede power to NDP |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/by-election-losses-put-bc-liberals-on-notice-reunite-or-cede-power-to-ndp/article4101483 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=April 20, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Partisanship, globalization, and Canadian labour market policy |first1=Rodney S. |last1=Haddow |first2=Thomas Richard |last2=Klassen |year=2006 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto, ON |isbn=978-0-8020-9090-4 |pages=8, 58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DDIAV6oicQC}}</ref><ref name="Byrne2008">{{cite book |first=Lesley H. |last=Byrne |title=Representing Women: The Impact of Women Cabinet Ministers in British Columbia and Ontario and the Rise of Fiscal Feminism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ejYsrqCBvoC&pg=PA29 |access-date=May 4, 2013 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-549-58544-2 |page=29}}</ref><ref name="YoungMatthews2011">{{cite book |first1=Nathan |last1=Young |first2=Ralph |last2=Matthews |title=The Aquaculture Controversy in Canada: Activism, Policy, and Contested Science |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DhnjzQZGbsC&pg=PA240 |access-date=May 5, 2013 |year=2011 |publisher=UBC Press |isbn=978-0-7748-5953-0 |page=240}}</ref><ref name="EvansSmith2015">{{cite book |first1=Bryan M. |last1=Evans |first2=Charles W. |last2=Smith |title=Transforming Provincial Politics: The Political Economy of Canada's Provinces and Territories in the Neoliberal Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbdtBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA298 |year=2015 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4426-1179-5 |page=298}}</ref><ref name="BantingMyles2013">{{cite book |first1=Keith G. |last1=Banting |first2=John |last2=Myles |title=Inequality and the Fading of Redistributive Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kT5FAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA385 |year=2013 |publisher=UBC Press |isbn=978-0-7748-2601-3 |page=385}}</ref><ref name="PedersenElgie2015">{{cite book |first1=Thomas F. |last1=Pedersen |first2=Stewart |last2=Elgie |chapter=A template for the world: British Columba's carbon tax shift |editor1=Larry Kreiser |editor2=Mikael Skou Andersen |editor3=Birgitte Egelund Olsen |title=Carbon Pricing: Design, Experiences and Issues |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JFHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 |date=August 28, 2015 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-78536-023-7 |page=13}}</ref>}}}} The party commonly describes itself as a "[[Free market|free enterprise]] coalition" and draws support from members of both the federal [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] and [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] parties.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 18, 2013 |title=B.C. Conservative leader John Cummins officially resigns |work=Vancouver Sun |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/Conservative+leader+John+Cummins+officially+resigns/8678758/story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024181933/https://vancouversun.com/news/Conservative+leader+John+Cummins+officially+resigns/8678758/story.html |archive-date=October 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hoekstra |first1=Gordon |last2=Cooper |first2=Sam |last3=Shaw |first3=Rob |date=June 23, 2017 |title=Christy Clark's left turn worries her party's conservatives, could endanger Liberals free-enterprise coalition |url=https://vancouversun.com/business/local-business/clarks-left-turn-worries-her-partys-conservatives-could-endanger-liberals-free-enterprise-coalition |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=[[Vancouver Sun]] |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Meissner |first=Dirk |date=October 27, 2020 |title='It's a wake-up call': B.C. election reveals declining support for Liberals, need for change in party |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/vancouver/article/its-a-wake-up-call-bc-election-reveals-declining-support-for-liberals-need-for-change-in-party/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031081111/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/it-s-a-wake-up-call-b-c-election-reveals-declining-support-for-liberals-need-for-change-in-party-1.5162742 |url-status=live |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=[[CTV News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2022 |title=B.C. Liberals eye giving themselves a new name in time for 2024 election |url=https://www.timescolonist.com/local-news/bc-liberals-eye-giving-themselves-a-new-name-in-time-for-2024-election-5469446 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=[[Times Colonist]] |language=en |agency=[[The Canadian Press]]}}</ref> From 1991 to 2024, BC United was the main centre-right opposition to the centre-left [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|New Democratic Party]] (NDP). Once affiliated with the Liberal Party of Canada, the British Columbia Liberal Party became independent in 1987.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=April 1, 2009 |title=The BC Liberal Party |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/the-bc-liberal-party-1.863627 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105065701/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/bcvotes2009/story/2009/03/23/bcv-bc-liberal-party-profile.html |url-status=live |archive-date=November 5, 2012 }}</ref> The party changed its name to BC United on April 12, 2023.<ref name="CBCNameChange" />

Until the 1940s, British Columbia politics were dominated by the Liberal Party and rival [[British Columbia Conservative Party|Conservative Party]]. The Liberals formed government from 1916 to 1928 and again from 1933 to 1941. From 1941 to 1952, the two parties governed in a coalition (led by a Liberal leader) to counter the ascendant [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]]. The coalition was defeated in the [[1952 British Columbia general election|1952 election]] by the new [[British Columbia Social Credit Party|Social Credit Party]], and the party went into decline, eventually losing its presence in the legislature in the [[1979 British Columbia general election|1979 election]]. It returned to the legislature in the [[1991 British Columbia general election|1991 election]], coming in second and forming the [[Official Opposition]], through the efforts of leader [[Gordon Wilson (British Columbia politician)|Gordon Wilson]]. Wilson lost a leadership challenge to [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] in 1994. Under Campbell's leadership, the BC Liberals began to shift rightwards and distance themselves from the federal party. In the [[2001 British Columbia general election|2001 election]], the Liberals won an overwhelming majority, which they held under Campbell and his successor [[Christy Clark]] until shortly after the [[2017 British Columbia general election|2017 election]]. The party remained in Opposition after losing the [[2020 British Columbia general election|2020 election]]. After a notable decline in polls and [[Crossing the floor|floor-crossings]] to a resurgent Conservative Party, BC United opted to not contest the [[2024 British Columbia general election|2024 election]] and formally endorsed the Conservatives.

Eight party leaders have served as [[premier of British Columbia]]: [[Harlan Carey Brewster|Harlan Brewster]], [[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]], [[John Duncan MacLean|John MacLean]], [[Duff Pattullo]], [[John Hart (Canadian politician)|John Hart]], [[Boss Johnson]], [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]], and [[Christy Clark]]. Since the [[2022 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election|2022 leadership election]], the party has been led by [[Kevin Falcon]].<ref name="Meissner4">{{cite news |last1=Meissner |first1=Dirk |first2=Brieanna |last2=Charlebois |date=February 5, 2022 |title=Former cabinet minister Kevin Falcon wins B.C. Liberal leadership race on 5th ballot |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/former-cabinet-minister-kevin-falcon-wins-b-c-liberal-leadership-race-on-5th-ballot-1.6341317 |access-date=February 6, 2022}}</ref> 

==History==
{{Conservatism in Canada|Parties}}

=== First government: 1916–1928 ===
The divided Conservatives faced the Liberals in the [[1916 British Columbia general election|election of 1916]] and lost. The Liberals formed a government under [[Harlan Carey Brewster]]. Brewster had become leader of the Opposition and was elected party leader in March 1912. He lost his seat a few weeks later in the 1912 election, which returned no Liberals at all. In 1916, he won election to the legislature again through a by-election and led his party to victory in a general election later that year by campaigning on a reform platform. Brewster promised to end patronage in the [[civil service]], end [[machine politics|political machines]], improve workman's compensation and labour laws, bring in votes for women, and other progressive reforms.

The government brought in [[women's suffrage]], instituted [[prohibition]], and combated [[political corruption]] before his unexpected death in 1918. He is interred in the [[Ross Bay Cemetery]] in [[Victoria, British Columbia]]. [[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]] succeeded Brewster as [[Premier (Canada)|premier]] when Brewster died in 1918. Oliver's government developed the produce industry in the [[Nanook Valley]],{{Clarify|date=May 2023|reason=I can't find anything about a Nanook Valley in BC. Where was this?}} and tried to persuade the [[Government of Canada|federal government]] to lower the freight rate for rail transport. The party managed a bare majority win in the [[1920 British Columbia general election|1920 election]] and only managed to govern after the [[1924 British Columbia general election|1924 election]] with the support of the two Independent Liberals.

=== Opposition and the Great Depression: 1928–1933 ===
The Liberals managed to increase their vote in the 1928 election but lost close to half their seats. With the onset of the [[Great Depression]] and the implosion of the government of [[Simon Fraser Tolmie]], the Liberals won the [[1933 British Columbia general election|1933 election]].

=== Duff Pattullo: 1933–1941 ===
The 1933 election brought into power [[Thomas Dufferin Pattullo|Duff Pattullo]] and introduced into the legislature the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] (CCF), a new [[social democracy|social-democratic]] and [[democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] opposition party. Pattullo wanted an activist government to try to deal with the depression through social programs and support of the unemployed. Canada has been recognized as the hardest hit by the [[Great Depression]], and [[western Canada]] the hardest hit within Canada. Pattullo's attempts were often at odds with the federal government in [[Ottawa]]. Pattullo was also an advocate for British Columbia, and suggested the annexation of [[Yukon]] by BC, and the construction of the [[Alaska Highway]] to reduce the power of eastern Canada over BC. In the [[1937 British Columbia general election|1937 general election]], his government was re-elected running on the slogan of "[[socialism|socialized]] capitalism".<ref name="price">{{cite thesis |last=Price |first=Christine |url=https://summit.sfu.ca/item/3096 |title='A Very Conservative Radical': Reverend Robert Cornell's encounter with Marxism in the BC CCF |publisher=Simon Fraser University |degree=MA |date=2006 |location=Burnaby, British Columbia}}</ref>

=== "The Coalition": 1941–1951 ===
The alternating government with the Conservatives came to an end with the rise of the CCF, who managed to be the Official Opposition from 1933 to 1937 and were one seat less than the Conservatives in the [[1937 British Columbia general election|1937 election]]. In the [[1941 British Columbia general election|1941 election]], the CCF came second. The election did not give the Liberals the majority they hoped for. [[John Hart (premier)|John Hart]] became the premier and Liberal leader in 1941 when Pattullo refused to go into [[coalition government|coalition]] with the Conservatives. The Liberal members removed Patullo as leader and Hart formed a Liberal–[[British Columbia Conservative Party|Conservative]] [[coalition government]], known in BC history as "the Coalition". From 1941 to 1945, Hart governed at a time of wartime scarcity, when all major government projects were postponed. The coalition government was re-elected in the [[1945 British Columbia general election|1945 election]]. In that contest, Liberals and Conservatives ran under the same banner.

After 1945, Hart undertook an ambitious program of rural electrification, [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] and highway construction. Hart's most significant projects were the construction of [[British Columbia Highway 97|Highway 97]] to northern British Columbia (of which the [[Prince George, British Columbia |Prince George]]–[[Dawson Creek]] segment is now named in his honour) and the [[Bridge River Power Project]], which was the first major hydroelectric development in British Columbia. He established the BC Power Commission, a forerunner of [[BC Hydro]], to provide power to smaller communities that were not serviced by private utilities. In December 1947, Hart retired as premier. The Conservative Party agitated for its leader, [[Herbert Anscomb]], to succeed Hart as premier. Still, the Liberals outnumbered the Tories in the coalition caucus. Hart was followed by another Liberal, [[Boss Johnson]], with Anscomb as deputy premier and [[Finance Minister|minister of finance]].

Johnson's government introduced universal hospital insurance and a 3% provincial sales tax to pay for it. It expanded the highway system, extended the [[Pacific Great Eastern Railway]], and negotiated the [[Alcan]] Agreement, which facilitated construction of the Kenny Dam. The government also coped with the 1948 flooding of the Fraser River, declaring a state of emergency and beginning a program of diking the river's banks through the Fraser Valley. Johnson is also noted for appointing [[Nancy Hodges]] as the first female Speaker in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. The Liberal-Conservative coalition government won the [[1949 British Columbia general election|1949 election]] – at 61% the greatest percentage of the popular vote in BC history. Tensions had grown between the coalition partners and within both parties. The Liberal Party executive voted to terminate the coalition and Johnson dropped his Conservative ministers in January 1952,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=ifIdVpG6JtcC&dat=19520118&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title=The Vancouver Sun, January 18, 1952}}</ref> resulting in a short-lived [[minority government]] which soon collapsed.

===1952 election===
In order to prevent the CCF from winning in a three-party competition, the government introduced [[instant-runoff voting]], with the expectation that Conservative voters would list the Liberals as their second choice and vice versa. Voters, however, were looking for alternatives. More voters chose [[British Columbia Social Credit Party|British Columbia Social Credit League]] ahead of any other party as their second choice. Social Credit went on to emerge as the largest party when the ballots were counted in the [[1952 British Columbia general election|1952 general election]]. Social Credit's ''de facto'' leader during the election, [[W. A. C. Bennett]], formerly a Conservative, was formally named party leader after the election.

At the [[1953 British Columbia general election|1953 general election]], the Liberals were reduced to four seats, taking 23.36% of the vote. [[Arthur Laing]] defeated [[Tilly Rolston]] in Vancouver Point Grey. Although Social Credit won a majority of seats in the legislature, their finance minister [[Einar Gunderson]] was defeated in [[Oak Bay (electoral district)|Oak Bay]] by [[Philip Archibald Gibbs]] of the Liberals. [[Gordon Gibson Sr]], a millionaire timber baron, nicknamed the "Bull of the Woods",<ref name="encyc">{{cite book |first1=Gordon |last1=Gibson|first2=Carol |last2=Renison|year=1980 |title=Bull of the Woods: The Gordon Gibson Story |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |isbn=0-88894-292-3}}</ref> was elected for [[Lillooet (electoral district)|Lillooet]] as a Liberal.

=== Third party status: 1953–1979 ===
During the early period of this time, the Liberals' most prominent member was [[Gordon Gibson Sr.]] He was a [[cigar]]-smoking and gregarious logging contractor who could have been premier but for a major political error. He was elected in 1953 for the Lillooet riding. In 1955, the [[Robert Sommers#Scandal and trial|Sommers scandal]] surfaced, and he was the only leader in the legislature to make an issue of it. W. A. C. Bennett and his attorney general tried many tactics to stop the information from coming out.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} In frustration, Gibson resigned his seat and forced a by-election, hoping to make the Sommers scandal the issue. The voting system had changed, and he came a close second after Social Credit.

In the [[1956 British Columbia general election|1956 election]], with the Sommers scandal still not resolved, the Liberals fared worse than in 1953. [[Arthur Laing]] lost his seat, and the party was reduced to two MLAs and 20.9% of the vote. In the [[1960 British Columbia general election|1960 election]], the party won four seats with the same 20.9% of the popular vote as in 1956. In the [[1963 British Columbia general election|1963 election]], the party's caucus increased by one more MLA to five, but their share of the popular vote fell to 19.98%. In the [[1966 British Columbia general election|1966 election]], the party won another seat, bringing its caucus to six, and had an increase in the vote to 20.24%. In the [[1969 British Columbia general election|1969 vote]], the party lost one seat, and its share of the vote fell to 19.03%.

In 1972, the party was led into the election by a new leader, [[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]], who had been elected in the [[1968 Canadian federal election|1968 federal election]] as an MP for the [[Liberal Party of Canada]]. He and four others managed to be elected to the legislature, but with the lowest vote in party history at 16.4%. After the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party]] (BC NDP) won the [[1972 British Columbia general election|1972 election]], many supporters of the Liberal and Conservative parties defected to the Social Credit League. This coalition was able to keep the New Democrats out of power from 1975 until the 1990s. MLAs [[Garde Gardom]], [[Pat McGeer]] and Allan Williams left the Liberals for Social Credit along with [[Hugh Curtis]] of the suddenly rejuvenated Tories. All of them became members of Social Credit Cabinets after 1975. In the [[1975 British Columbia general election|1975 election]], the only Liberal to be elected was [[Gordon Gibson (politician, born 1937)|Gordon Gibson Jr.]] as the party scored a dismal 7.24%. David Anderson was badly defeated in his Victoria riding, placing behind the New Democrats and Social Credit.

===In the wilderness: 1979–1991===
{{Neoliberalism sidebar}}
[[1979 British Columbia general election|The 1979 election]] was the party's lowest point. For the second time in party history, it was shut out of the legislature. Only five candidates ran, none were elected, and the party got 0.5% of the vote. The [[1983 British Columbia general election|1983 election]] saw a small recovery as the party came close to a full slate of candidates, but won 2.69% of the vote. The [[1986 British Columbia general election|1986 vote]] was the third and last election in which the party was shut out. Its share of the popular vote improved to 6.74%.

In 1987, [[Gordon Wilson (British Columbia politician)|Gordon Wilson]] became the leader of the provincial Liberal Party when no one else was interested. Wilson severed formal links between the provincial Liberal party and its [[Liberal Party of Canada|federal counterpart]].<ref name=":0" /> Since the mid-1970s, most federal Liberals in BC had chosen to support the [[British Columbia Social Credit Party]] at the provincial level. For the provincial party, the intent of this separation was to reduce the influence of Social Credit members of federal party. From the federal party's perspective, this move was equally beneficial to them, as the provincial party was heavily in debt.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Wilson set about to rebuild the provincial party as a credible third party in British Columbia politics. During the same period, the ruling Social Credit party was beset by controversy under the leadership of [[William Vander Zalm|Bill Vander Zalm]]. As a result, multiple Social Credit scandals caused many voters to look for an alternative. By the time of the [[1991 British Columbia general election|1991 election]], Wilson lobbied to be included in the televised [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC) debate between Vander Zalm's successor, Premier [[Rita Johnston]] and [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|BC NDP]] leader [[Michael Harcourt]]. The CBC agreed, and Wilson impressed many voters with his performance. The Liberal campaign gained momentum and siphoned off much support from the Social Credit campaign. While the BC NDP won the election, the Liberals came in second with 17 seats. Wilson became [[Leader of the Opposition (British Columbia)|leader of the Opposition]].

===Official Opposition under Wilson: 1991–1993===
Wilson's policies did not coincide with many other Liberals both in the legislature and in the party who wanted to fill the vacuum left by the collapse of Social Credit. The Liberals also proved themselves to be inexperienced, both in the legislature and in building a broad-based political movement. They had a difficult time to build a disciplined organization that could mount an effective opposition against the New Democratic Party provincial government.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

In 1993, Wilson's leadership was further damaged by revelations of his affair with fellow Liberal MLA [[Judi Tyabji]]. By this time, most of the caucus was in open revolt against his leadership. Wilson agreed to call for a leadership convention, at which he would be a candidate. [[Delta South]] MLA [[Fred Gingell]] became the leader of the Opposition while the Liberal leadership race took place.

Soon, former party leader [[Gordon Gibson (politician, born 1937)|Gordon Gibson]] and [[List of mayors of Vancouver|Vancouver mayor]] [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] entered the leadership race. Campbell won decisively on the first ballot, with former party leader Gordon Gibson placing second and Wilson third. The leadership election was decided on a one-member, one-vote system through which Liberals voted for their choices by telephone. Wilson and Tyabji then left the Liberals and formed their own party, the [[Progressive Democratic Alliance]].

===Official Opposition under Campbell: 1993–2001===
Once Campbell became leader, the Liberals adopted the [[moniker]] "BC Liberals" for the first time, and soon introduced a new logo and new party colours (red and blue, instead of the usual "Liberal red" and accompanying [[maple leaf]]). The revised name and logo was an attempt to distinguish itself more clearly in the minds of voters from the federal [[Liberal Party of Canada]].

In early 1994, Campbell was elected to the legislature in a by-election. Under his leadership, the party began moving to the right, gaining support from members of the former Social Credit Party and, later, the provincial [[Reform Party of British Columbia|Reform Party]].<ref name="Rayside2017" />{{verify inline|date=May 2023|reason=Presumptive fix for referencing error}} Some moderate Socreds had begun voting Liberal as far back as the Vander Zalm era. The Liberals won two former Socred seats in by-elections held in the Fraser Valley region, solidifying their claim to be the clear alternative to the existing BC NDP government. The Liberal party also filled the vacuum created on the centre-right of the BC political spectrum by Social Credit's collapse.

In the [[1996 British Columbia election|1996 election]], the BC Liberals won the popular vote. However, much of the Liberal margin was wasted on large margins in the outer regions of the province; they only won eight seats in Vancouver and the Lower Mainland. In rural British Columbia, particularly in the [[British Columbia Interior|Interior]] where the railway was the lifeblood of the local economy – the BC Liberals lost several contests because of discomfort that the electorate had with some of Campbell's policies, principally his promise to sell [[BC Rail]]. The net result was to consign the Liberals to opposition again, though they managed to slash the NDP's majority from 13 to three.

After the election, the BC Liberals set about making sure that there would be no repeat of 1996. Campbell jettisoned some of the less popular policy planks in his 1996 platform, most notably a promise to sell BC Rail, as the prospect of the sale's consequences had alienated supporters in the Northern Interior ridings.

===Campbell government: 2001–2011===
[[File:British Columbia Liberal Party.svg|thumb|upright|right|Party logo during the 2001 and 2005 elections]]
After a scandal-filled second term for the BC NDP government, the BC Liberals won the [[2001 British Columbia general election|2001 election]] with the biggest landslide in BC history, taking 77 of 79 seats. They even managed to unseat Premier [[Ujjal Dosanjh]] in his own riding. Gordon Campbell became the seventh premier in ten years, and the first Liberal premier in almost 50 years. Campbell introduced a 25% cut in all provincial income taxes on the first day he was installed to office. The BC Liberals also reduced the [[corporate income tax]] and abolished the corporate capital tax for most businesses (a tax on investment and employment that had been introduced by the New Democrats).

Campbell's first term was also noted for fiscal [[austerity]], including reductions in [[welfare spending|welfare]] rolls and some [[social work|social service]]s, [[deregulation]], the sale of some government assets (in particular the [[Fast ferry scandal|"Fast ferries" built by the previous government]], which were sold off for a fraction of their price). Campbell also initiated the [[privatization]] of [[BC Rail]], which the Liberals had promised not to sell in order to win northern ridings which had rejected the party in 1996 but reversed this promise after election, with criminal investigations connected with the bidding process resulting in the 2003 [[British Columbia Legislature raids]] and the ensuing and still-pending court case. There were several significant labour disputes, some of which were settled through government legislation but which included confrontations with the province's doctors. Campbell also downsized the civil service, with staff cutbacks of more than fifty percent in some government departments, and despite promises of smaller government the size of cabinet was nearly doubled and parliamentary salaries raised. Governance was also re-arranged such that Deputy Ministers were now to report to the Chief of Staff in the premier's office, rather than to their respective ministers. In the course of the cuts, hospitals, courthouses and extended care facilities around the province were shut down, particularly in smaller communities, and enforcement staff such as the BC Conservation Service were reduced to marginal levels. Various provincial parks created during the previous NDP regime were also downgraded to protected area status, meaning they could be opened for resource exploitation, and fees for use of parks were raised.

In 2003, a drug investigation known as Operation Everwhichway led to raids on government offices in the [[British Columbia Parliament Buildings]] in relation to suspect dealings concerning the sale of BC Rail to CN in a scandal which became known as "Railgate" and the trial of four former ministerial aides for influence peddling, breach of trust and accepting bribes.
[[File:British Columbia Liberal Party 2009.svg|thumb|upright|right|Party logo during the 2009 campaign<ref name="NameChange2011"/>]]
The Liberals were re-elected in the [[2005 British Columbia general election|2005 election]] with a reduced majority of 7 seats (46–33). The Liberals were again re-elected in the [[2009 British Columbia general election|2009 election]].<!--more details needed - Dobell, Kinsella, Oppal/Huntington, Cardoso etc.-->

Shortly after this election the introduction of the HST was announced, contrary to promises made during the election campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 25, 2010 |title=B.C. premier admits HST hugely unpopular |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-premier-admits-hst-hugely-unpopular-1.928013 |access-date=September 14, 2024 |work=[[CBS News]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]]}}</ref>

On November 3, 2010, facing an imminent caucus revolt over his management style and the political backlash against the [[Harmonized Sales Tax]] (HST) and the controversial end to the [[BC Legislature Raids|BC Rail corruption trial]] and with his approval rating as low as 9% in polls, Gordon Campbell announced his resignation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-premier-campbell-stepping-down-1.911669 |title=B.C. Premier Campbell stepping down |work=CBC News |date=November 3, 2010 |access-date=April 11, 2011}}</ref>

===Clark government: 2011–2017===
The party's [[2011 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election|2011 leadership convention]] was prompted by [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]]'s request to the party to hold a leadership convention "at the earliest possible date".<ref name="Thanks">{{cite news |url=http://www.bcliberals.com/news/premier_s_news/premier_campbell_thanks_supporters |title=Premier Campbell Thanks Supporters |work=www.bcliberals.com |publisher=BC Liberal Party |access-date=December 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126233015/http://www.bcliberals.com/news/premier_s_news/premier_campbell_thanks_supporters |archive-date=November 26, 2010}}</ref> The convention elected [[Christy Clark]] as its new leader of the party on February 26, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/christy-clark-voted-b-c-liberal-leader-1.987130 |title=Christy Clark voted B.C. Liberal leader |work=CBC News |date=February 26, 2011 |access-date=April 11, 2011}}</ref> Clark and her new Cabinet were sworn in on March 14.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-s-new-premier-to-be-sworn-in-1.1007011 |title=B.C.'s new premier to be sworn in |work=CBC News |date=March 14, 2011 |access-date=April 11, 2011}}</ref>

[[File:BC Liberals 2013.png|thumb|upright|right|Party logo during the Clark premiership]]
Under Clark, the party charted a more centrist outlook while continuing its recent tradition of being a coalition of federal Liberal and federal Conservative supporters. She immediately raised the minimum wage from $8/hour to $10.25/hour and introduced a province-wide [[Family Day]] similar to Ontario's. Clark became premier during the aftermath of the 2008–09 recession and continued to hold the line on government spending, introducing two deficit budgets before a balanced one for the 2013–14 fiscal year, which included a tax hike on high-income British Columbians. She also sought to take advantage of BC's liquified natural gas (LNG) reserves, positioning the budding LNG industry as a major economic development opportunity over the next decade. While the final years of Gordon Campbell's administration had seen far-reaching and progressive environmental legislation enacted, Clark was more measured in her approach to environmental policy. While continuing with BC's first-in-North-America carbon tax, she promised to freeze the rate during the [[2013 British Columbia general election|2013 election]] and her LNG development aspirations seemed to contradict greenhouse gas emissions targets set by the Campbell government in 2007. She also announced in 2012 that any future pipeline that crosses BC would have to meet five conditions that included environmental requirements and Indigenous consultation. Controversially, she indicated that one of her five conditions would be that BC receives its "fair share" of any revenues that accrue from increased pipeline and tanker traffic. This has put her in direct conflict with the province of Alberta, who sought increased market access for its bitumen through BC ports, yet adamantly refuse any arrangement which would see BC receive any royalties.

In 2011, [[Colin Hansen]] proposed the party change its name in order to avoid confusion with the unrelated [[Liberal Party of Canada]] and to better reflect its status as a coalition of many federal [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] and Liberal voters.<ref name="NameChange2011">{{Cite news |author=[[The Canadian Press]] |date=May 13, 2011 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-liberals-should-consider-name-change-hansen-1.1032917 |title=B.C. Liberals should consider name change: Hansen |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> He did not propose an alternative name. Clark said she would consider a name change but was not in "any rush to do it".<ref name="NameChange2011"/> During the [[2013 British Columbia general election|2013 election]], Clark entered the campaign low in public opinion polls and trailing her main rival, [[Adrian Dix]] of the NDP, by as much as 20 points. The BC Liberals campaign slogan was "Strong Economy, Secure Tomorrow" and highlighted a balanced budget and strong development opportunities in the LNG sector as a reason for voters to elect them for a fourth term in office. Clark brought in strategists affiliated with the [[Ontario Liberal Party]], such as Don Guy and Laura Miller, and federal [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] figures, such as Mike McDonald, to run her office and campaign. The BC Liberals came from behind to secure a fourth term in office; however, Clark was defeated in her Vancouver riding but won a subsequent by-election in the Okanagan riding of [[Westside-Kelowna]]. After the election, she sought a thawing of relations between BC and Alberta over future pipeline projects, signing onto former Alberta premier [[Alison Redford]]'s National Energy Strategy. In early 2014, the Liberals brought down a second straight balanced budget and introduced legislation to change BC's liquor laws to allow liquor sales in some grocery stores and allow children to sit with adults in pubs and restaurants where liquor is served.

In the [[2017 British Columbia general election|2017 election]], the BC Liberals' seat count was reduced to 43, one seat short of a majority.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/politics/b-c-election-results-2017-crucial-vote-counting-starts-monday |title=B.C. Election Results 2017: Crucial vote-counting starts Monday |first1=Rob |last1=Shaw |date=May 18, 2017 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]]}}</ref> On May 29, 2017, after final vote counting had completed, the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|BC NDP]] and the [[Green Party of British Columbia|BC Green Party]] agreed to a [[confidence and supply]] agreement to ensure a stable minority government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3486794/b-c-green-party-leader-andrew-weaver-agrees-to-support-john-horgans-ndp |title=B.C. Greens and NDP strike deal for 'stable' minority government |first1=Paula |last1=Baker |date=May 29, 2017 |access-date=October 30, 2020}}
</ref> Their combined 44 seats give them an advantage over the BC Liberals' 43, which was sufficient to [[2017 British Columbian government formation|defeat Clark's government]] on a confidence vote on June 29, 2017, after which Clark resigned as premier (effective July 18, 2017) and the lieutenant governor asked NDP leader [[John Horgan (politician)|John Horgan]] to form a government.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shaw |first1=Rob |title=NDP asked to form next B.C. government after Liberal defeat |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/politics/b-c-ndp-asked-to-form-government-after-liberal-defeat |access-date=June 30, 2017 |work=Vancouver Sun |date=June 29, 2017}}</ref> [[Rich Coleman]] became the party's interim leader following Clark's resignation.

===Official Opposition under Wilkinson and Bond: 2018–2022===
[[File:British_Columbia_Liberal_Party_logo_2018.png|thumb|upright|right|Party logo 2018–2023, the final logo under the BC Liberals name]]
{{Expand section|date=September 2022}}

[[Andrew Wilkinson]] was [[2018 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election|elected party leader]] on February 3, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 3, 2018 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-liberals-leadership-winner-1.4517985 |title=Andrew Wilkinson elected B.C. Liberal leader |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> He served as leader of the Opposition for two years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 21, 2020 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/andrew-wilkinson-stepping-down-as-head-of-liberals-to-make-way-for-interim-leader-1.5811515 |title=Andrew Wilkinson stepping down as head of Liberals to make way for interim leader |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> During the [[2020 British Columbia general election|2020 general election]], Wilkinson was criticized by party members, including the membership chair, for his delay in removing [[Laurie Throness]], a candidate and former MLA who had made anti-LGBTQ statements.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Karin |last=Larsen |date=October 16, 2020 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-liberal-leader-andrew-wilkinson-under-fire-from-within-own-party-1.5765211 |title=B.C. Liberal Leader Andrew Wilkinson under fire from within own party |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> After the party was defeated in the election, he resigned.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Ian |last=Bailey |date=October 26, 2020 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/british-columbia/article-bc-liberal-leader-andrew-wilkinson-steps-own-after-disastrous-election |title=BC Liberal leader Andrew Wilkinson steps down after disastrous election |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> [[Shirley Bond]] served as the party's interim leader until the [[2022 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election|2022 leadership contest]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/shirley-bond-bc-liberals-interim-leader-1.5813030 |title=Veteran MLA Shirley Bond chosen interim leader of the B.C. Liberal Party |date=November 24, 2020 |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref>

=== Falcon leadership, name change, and campaign suspension: since 2022 ===
[[Kevin Falcon]], deputy premier under Clark, was elected leader of the BC Liberals on February 5, 2022.<ref name="Meissner4" /> During his leadership campaign, Falcon pledged to rename and rebrand the party. At the 2022 party convention, delegates passed a resolution to move forward with the name-change process, beginning with consultations with the party membership before putting it to a vote by the end of the year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Charlebois |first=Brieanna |date=June 12, 2022 |title=B.C. Liberal leader Kevin Falcon sets sights on 2024, party name change |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/politics/bc-liberals-vote-to-change-name |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 11, 2022 |title=B.C. Liberals approve process to consider party name change |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-liberals-name-change-possible-by-end-of-2022-1.6485914 |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> After a province-wide survey, "BC United" was put forward as the potential new name for the party.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Michael |date=September 27, 2022 |title=BC Liberals could be known as BC United |work=[[CityNews]] |url=https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2022/09/27/bc-liberals-name-bc-united/ |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> The name was then put to party members on November 13,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bowman |first=Greg |date=November 13, 2022 |title=BC Liberal members to vote on name change |work=[[CityNews]] |url=https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2022/11/13/bc-liberal-party-name-change/ |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> and on November 16, it was announced that the name change had been approved by roughly 80 per cent.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nassar |first1=Hana Mae |last2=Bowman |first2=Greg |date=November 16, 2022 |title=BC Liberals vote to change name to BC United |work=[[CityNews]] |url=https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2022/11/13/bc-liberal-party-name-change/ |access-date=April 13, 2023}}</ref> The name change was later ratified and took effect on April 12, 2023.<ref name="CBCNameChange">{{cite news |date=April 12, 2023 |title=B.C. Liberal Party to officially become B.C. United today |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/liberal-bc-united-name-change-1.6807593 |access-date=April 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=B.C. Liberal members vote to officially change party name to B.C. United |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-liberal-name-change-1.6653464 |access-date=November 16, 2022|work=CBC News |date=November 16, 2022}}</ref> 

The name change preceded a significant drop in polling numbers for the party, with the [[Conservative Party of British Columbia|BC Conservatives]] – led by former Liberal MLA [[John Rustad]], who defected shortly before the name change was finalized – surpassing them as the second most popular party in the province according to polls. After polling at 33 percent in the immediate aftermath of the name change, BC United suffered a further MLA defection as BC United MLA [[Bruce Banman]] crossed the floor to the Conservatives, as the party dropped to 19 percent in the polls, 6 points behind the Conservatives by that September. In 2024, two more BC United MLAs, [[Lorne Doerkson]] and [[Elenore Sturko]], defected to the BC Conservatives. In the second quarter of 2024, the BC Conservatives surpassed United in terms of money gained from donations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeRosa |first=Katie |date=July 10, 2024 |title=B.C. NDP lead in political donations, but Conservatives surging |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-ndp-lead-in-political-donations-b-c-conservatives-surge-1.7259917 |website=CBC}}</ref> In the lead-up to the [[2024 British Columbia general election|2024 election]], BC United suffered further defections from members and candidates.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2023 |title=B.C. Government Report Card: October 2023 |url=https://leger360.com/surveys/b-c-government-report-card-october-2023/ |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=Leger |language=en-GB}}</ref> Some thought that the name change led to voters not knowing that BC United was a continuation of the BC Liberals;<ref>{{Cite web |last1=MacMahon |first1=Martin |last2=Crawford |first2=Emma |date=September 26, 2023 |title=BC United support takes hit after name change: poll |url=https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2023/09/26/bc-united-name-change-support-poll/#:~:text=BC%20United%20support%20takes%20hit%20after%20name%20change:%20poll&text=Mario%20Canseco,%20president%20of%20Research,dropped%20its%20BC%20Liberal%20name. |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=CityNews Vancouver}}</ref> a [[Léger (company)|Léger]] poll released in October 2023 found that a third of voters did not know about the name change.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2023 |title=B.C. Government Report Card: October 2023 |url=https://leger360.com/surveys/b-c-government-report-card-october-2023/ |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=Leger |language=en-GB}}</ref> Another poll by Léger in August 2024 suggested that the party was primarily losing its traditional faction of voters who support the [[Conservative Party of Canada]] federally to the BC Conservatives.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2024 |title=Government of British Columbia Report Card |url=https://leger360.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Media-Report-BC-Government-Report-Card-August-2024-Aug-9-2024.pdf#page=9 |website=Leger}}</ref>

On August 28, 2024, Falcon announced that BC United would suspend its political campaigning, with Falcon endorsing the BC Conservatives, saying "[[John Rustad]] and I haven't always agreed on everything, but one thing is clear: our province cannot take another four years of the NDP." Falcon said this was done to prevent [[Spoiler effect|vote splitting]] in competitive ridings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kevin Falcon attempting to suspend BC United’s campaign in fall election {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10719653/kevin-falcon-fold-bc-united-party-suspend-campaign/ |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steacy |first=Lisa |date=August 28, 2024 |title=BC United suspends campaign amid surge in support for BC Conservatives |url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/bc-united-to-suspend-campaign-amid-surge-in-support-for-bc-conservatives-sources-1.7017556 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828194250/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/bc-united-to-suspend-campaign-amid-surge-in-support-for-bc-conservatives-sources-1.7017556 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 28, 2024 |website=[[CIVT-DT|CTV News Vancouver]]}}</ref> While 18 nominated BC United candidates, including five incumbent BC United MLAs, ran for re-election as independent or unaffiliated candidates in the [[2024 British Columbia general election]], none were successful.<ref>{{cite news |title=B.C. election: No ex-BC United candidates projected to win their seats |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10820274/bc-election-independents-united-conservatives/ |access-date=October 20, 2024 |work=[[Global News]] |date=October 20, 2024}}</ref> Falcon remained as leader following the election. In February 2025, former BC United MLA [[Karin Kirkpatrick]] called for him to resign, saying that his continued presence was preventing the party from rebuilding and raising funds to pay its debts.<ref>{{cite news |last=DeRosa |first=Katie |date=February 6, 2025 |title=Calls grow for Kevin Falcon to resign as B.C. United leader, but the party says now's not the time |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/kevin-falcon-resignation-calls-1.7452616 |access-date=February 13, 2025 |work=[[CBC News]]}}</ref> Falcon refused to resign, however, stating that a leadership contest would further drain the party's financial resources. Consequently, Kirkpatrick left the party and founded the [[CentreBC]] party with several other former BC United MLAs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=DeRosa |first1=Katie |title=Former B.C. United MLA courts centrist voters with new political party |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/karin-kirkpatrick-new-political-party-centre-b-c-1.7506533 |website=CBC News |access-date=April 13, 2025}}</ref>

==Party leaders==
{{See also|British Columbia Liberal Party leadership elections}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ BC Liberal / BC United party leaders<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110220034808/http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/reference/partyleaders.pdf Legislative Library of British Columbia]{{Update inline|date=September 2022|reason=File was last updated on January 25, 2011}}</ref>
! #
! Party leader
! Highest position
! Tenure
! style="width: 40%" | Notes
|-
! 1
| [[Joseph Martin (Canadian politician)|Joseph Martin]]
| [[Premier of British Columbia|Premier]]
| September – October 1903
| Martin was premier for 107 days in 1900, prior to the establishment of the Liberal Party
|-
! 2
| [[James Alexander MacDonald]]
| [[Leader of the Opposition (British Columbia)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| October 1903 – October 1909
| 
|-
! 3
| [[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]]
| Leader of the Opposition
| October 1909 – March 1912 
|First of two periods as leader
|-
! 4
| [[Harlan Carey Brewster]]
| Premier
| March 1912 – March 1, 1918
|Liberal party shut out of the legislature 1912–1916
|-
! (3)
|[[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]]
|Premier
|March 1, 1918 – August 17, 1927
|Second of two periods as leader
|-
! 5
| [[John Duncan MacLean]]
|Premier 
|August 17, 1927 – October 1928
|
|-
! 6
|[[Thomas Dufferin Pattullo]]
|Premier 
|October 1928 – December 9, 1941
| Interim leader, October 1928 – January 1929
|-
! 7
| [[John Hart (premier)|John Hart]]
| Premier 
| December 9, 1941 – December 29, 1947
|
|-
! 8
| [[Byron Ingemar Johnson]]
| Premier 
| December 29, 1947 – April 1953
|
|- 
! 9
| [[Arthur Laing]]
| Leader of the third party
| April 1953 – May 1959
| 
|-
! 10
| [[Ray Perrault]]
| Leader of the third party
| May 1959 – October 1968
| 
|-
!11
| [[Patrick Lucey McGeer]]
| Leader of the third party
| October 1968 – May 22, 1972
| 
|-
!12
| [[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]]
| Leader of the third party
| May 22, 1972 – September 28, 1975
|
|-
!13
| [[Gordon Gibson (politician, born 1937)|Gordon Gibson]]
| Leader of the third party
| September 28, 1975 – February 19, 1979
| 
|-
!14
| [[Jev Tothill]]
| Party leader
| February 19, 1979 – May 25, 1981
| Liberal party shut out of the legislature 
|-
!15 
| [[Shirley McLoughlin]]
| Party leader 
| May 25, 1981 – March 31, 1984
| Liberal party shut out of the legislature 
|-
!16
| [[Art Lee]]
| Party leader 
| March 31, 1984 – October 30, 1987
| Liberal party shut out of the legislature 
|-
!17
| [[Gordon Wilson (British Columbia politician)|Gordon Wilson]]
| Leader of the Opposition
| October 30, 1987 – September 11, 1993
|
|-
!18
| [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]]
| Premier 
| September 11, 1993 – February 26, 2011
|
|-
!19
| [[Christy Clark]]
| Premier 
| February 26, 2011 – August 4, 2017
|
|-
|*
| [[Rich Coleman]]
| Leader of the Opposition
| August 4, 2017 – February 3, 2018
| Interim leader
|-
! 20
| [[Andrew Wilkinson]]
| Leader of the Opposition
| February 3, 2018 – November 21, 2020{{efn|Wilkinson officially resigned as party leader later, on February 17, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/politics/andrew-wilkinson-formally-resigns-as-b-c-liberal-leader-triggering-leadership-vote|title=Andrew Wilkinson formally resigns as B.C. Liberal leader, triggering leadership vote|work=Vancouver Sun}}</ref>}}
|
|-
|*
| [[Shirley Bond]]
| Leader of the Opposition
| November 23, 2020 – February 5, 2022
| Interim leader
|-
! 21
| [[Kevin Falcon]]
| Leader of the Opposition
| February 5, 2022 – present
| Last BC Liberal leader and first BC United leader
|}

==Election results==
{{See also|List of BC general elections#Results by party}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
!Election
!Leader
!Candidates
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/−
!Position
!Legislative role
!Notes
|-
![[1903 British Columbia general election|1903]]
| [[Joseph Martin (Canadian politician)|Joseph Martin]]
|39
|22,715
|37.78%
|{{Composition bar|17|42|#B22222}}
|N/A
|{{increase}} 2nd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
| rowspan="3" | [[British Columbia Conservative Party|Conservative]] majority
|-
![[1907 British Columbia general election|1907]]
| rowspan="2"" |[[James Alexander MacDonald]]
|40
|234,816
|37.15%
|{{Composition bar|13|42|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}}4
|{{steady}} 2nd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1909 British Columbia general election|1909]]
|36
|33,675
|33.21%
|{{Composition bar|2|42|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}}11
|{{steady}} 2nd (tied)
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1912 British Columbia general election|1912]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Harlan Carey Brewster]]
|19
|21,443
|25.37%
|{{Composition bar|0|42|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{decrease}} no seats
|{{eliminated|No seats}}
|Conservative majority
|-
![[1916 British Columbia general election|1916]]
|45
|89,892
|50.00%
|{{Composition bar|36|47|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 36
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|-
![[1920 British Columbia general election|1920]]
| rowspan="2" |[[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]]
|45
|134,167
|37.89%
|{{Composition bar|25|47|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 11
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|-
![[1924 British Columbia general election|1924]]
|46
|108,323
|31.34%
|{{Composition bar|23|48|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Minority}}
|
|-
![[1928 British Columbia general election|1928]]
|[[John Duncan Maclean]]
|45
|144,872
|40.04%
|{{Composition bar|12|48|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 11
|{{decrease}} 2nd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
| Conservative majority
|-
![[1933 British Columbia general election|1933]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Duff Pattullo]]
|47
|159,131
|41.74%
|{{Composition bar|34|47|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 23
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|-
![[1937 British Columbia general election|1937]]
|48
|156,074
|37.34%
|{{Composition bar|31|48|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[1941 British Columbia general election|1941]]
| rowspan="2" | 48
| rowspan="2" | 149,525
| rowspan="2" | 32.94%
| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|21|48|#B22222}}
| rowspan="2" | {{decrease}} 10
| rowspan="2" | {{steady}} 1st
| {{yes2|Minority}}
|
|-
| {{shade|color=blue|100|'''Coalition majority'''{{efn|After the election, a coalition government was formed by the Conservative and Liberal members. T. D. Patullo, the Liberal leader at the time, objected; he stepped down and sat as a Liberal, giving the coalition 32 seats.}}}}
| Coalition with Conservative Party
|-
![[1945 British Columbia general election|1945]]
|[[John Hart (Canadian politician)|John Hart]]
|47
|261,147
|55.83%
|{{Composition bar|37|48|#808080}}
|N/A
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{shade|color=blue|100|'''Coalition majority'''{{efn|name=coalition|In the 1945 and 1949 elections, the Liberal Party ran in coalition with the Conservative Party. Results compared to Liberal plus Conservative total from previous election.}}}}
|Coalition with Conservative Party
|-
![[1949 British Columbia general election|1949]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Boss Johnson]]
|48
|428,773
|61.35%
|{{Composition bar|39|48|#808080}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{shade|color=blue|100|'''Coalition majority'''{{efn|name=coalition}}}}
|Coalition with Conservative Party
|-
![[1952 British Columbia general election|1952]]{{efn|name=alternative|The 1952 and 1953 elections used the alternative voting system. Rather than marking the ballot with an X, numbers were to be placed opposite the names in order of choice. If, after the first count, no candidate received an absolute simple majority, the candidate with the fewest votes was dropped, and the second choices distributed among the remaining candidates. This process continued until a candidate emerged with the requisite majority vote. Some voters only indicated a first choice (plumping), and others did not utilize the full range available. Consequently, as the counts progressed, some ballots would be exhausted and total valid votes would decline, thereby reducing the absolute majority required to be elected. In multi-member [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]]s, there were as many ballots as members to be elected, distinguished by colour and letters.
}}
|48
|180,289
|23.46%
|{{Composition bar|6|48|#B22222}}
|N/A
|{{decrease}} 3rd
|{{no2|Third party}}
|[[British Columbia Social Credit Party|Social Credit]] minority
|-
![[1953 British Columbia general election|1953]]{{efn|name=alternative}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Arthur Laing]]
|48
|171,671
|23.59%
|{{Composition bar|4|48|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no2|Third party}}
| rowspan="6" | Social Credit majority
|-
![[1956 British Columbia general election|1956]]
|52
|177,922
|21.77%
|{{Composition bar|2|52|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no|No status}}
|-
![[1960 British Columbia general election|1960]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Ray Perrault]]
|50
|208,249
|20.90%
|{{Composition bar|4|52|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no2|Third party}}
|-
![[1963 British Columbia general election|1963]]
|51
|193,363
|19.98%
|{{Composition bar|5|52|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no2|Third party}}
|-
![[1966 British Columbia general election|1966]]
|53
|152,155
|20.24%
|{{Composition bar|6|55|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no2|Third party}}
|-
![[1969 British Columbia general election|1969]]
|[[Patrick Lucey McGeer]]
|55
|186,235
|19.03%
|{{Composition bar|5|55|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no2|Third party}}
|-
![[1972 British Columbia general election|1972]]
|[[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]]
|53
|185,640
|16.40%
|{{Composition bar|5|55|#B22222}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no2|Third party}}
| [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|NDP]] majority
|-
![[1975 British Columbia general election|1975]]
|[[Gordon Gibson (politician, born 1937)|Gordon Gibson]]
|49
|93,379
|7.24%
|{{Composition bar|1|55|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 4
|{{steady}} 3rd (tied)
|{{no|No status}}
| rowspan="4" | Social Credit majority
|-
![[1979 British Columbia general election|1979]]
|[[Jev Tothill]]
|5
|6,662
|0.47%
|{{Composition bar|0|57|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|{{decrease}} no seats
|{{eliminated|No seats}}
|-
![[1983 British Columbia general election|1983]]
|[[Shirley McLoughlin]]
|52
|44,442
|2.69%
|{{Composition bar|0|57|#B22222}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 
|{{eliminated|No seats}}
|-
![[1986 British Columbia general election|1986]]
|[[Art Lee]]
|55
|130,505
|6.74%
|{{Composition bar|0|69|#B22222}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 
|{{eliminated|No seats}}
|-
![[1991 British Columbia general election|1991]]
|[[Gordon Wilson (British Columbia politician)|Gordon Wilson]]
|71
|486,208
|33.25%
|{{Composition bar|17|75|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 17
|{{increase}} 2nd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
| NDP majority
|-
![[1996 British Columbia general election|1996]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]]
|75
|661,929
|41.82%
|{{Composition bar|33|75|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 16
|{{steady}} 2nd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|NDP majority
|-
![[2001 British Columbia general election|2001]]
|79
|916,888
|57.62%
|{{Composition bar|77|79|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 44
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|-
![[2005 British Columbia general election|2005]]
|79
|772,945
|46.08%
|{{Composition bar|46|79|#B22222}}
|{{decrease}} 31
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|-
![[2009 British Columbia general election|2009]]
|85
|751,792
|45.83%
|{{Composition bar|49|85|#B22222}}
|{{increase}} 3
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|-
![[2013 British Columbia general election|2013]]
|rowspan="3" |[[Christy Clark]]
|85
|723,618
|44.41%
|{{Composition bar|49|85|#B22222}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes|'''Majority'''}}
|
|- 
! rowspan="2"| [[2017 British Columbia general election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" | 87
| rowspan="2"| 735,104
| rowspan="2"| 40.85%
| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|43|87|#B22222}}
| rowspan="2"| {{decrease}} 6
| rowspan="2"| {{steady}} 1st
| {{yes2|Minority}}
|
|-
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| NDP minority with [[Green Party of British Columbia|Green Party]] [[confidence and supply]]
|-
![[2020 British Columbia general election|2020]]
| [[Andrew Wilkinson]]
| 87
| 636,759
| 33.77%
|{{Composition bar|28|87|#B22222}}
| {{Decrease}} 15
| {{Decrease}} 2nd
| {{No2|Opposition}}
| NDP majority
|-
|colspan=10 align="center"|''Changed name from BC Liberals to BC United in 2023''
|-
![[2024 British Columbia general election|2024]]
| [[Kevin Falcon]]
|colspan="3" align="center"|Withdrew candidates from election.
|{{Composition bar|0|93|#B22222}}
| {{Decrease}} 28 
|{{decrease}} (No seats)
|{{eliminated|No seats}}{{efn|On August 28, 2024, shortly before the election writ was to be dropped, the party announced it was suspending its campaign and would endorse the BC Conservative Party in order to avoid vote-splitting. Several BCU candidates were to run as Conservatives instead as part of an agreement between the two parties.}}
| NDP majority with [[Green Party of British Columbia|Green Party]] [[confidence and supply]]
|}

Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004023944/http://www.elections.bc.ca/index.php/resource-centre/electoral-history-of-bc/ Elections BC]

==BC United Youth==
BC United Youth (formerly BC Young Liberals before the 2022 rebrand) is the youth wing of the party. The executive board is elected at an annual general meeting and is composed of five youth members: president, vice president outreach, vice president events, vice president operations, and vice president communications. As of 2024, these positions are held by Harman Khosa, James Lehmann, Olivia Bray (formerly Olivia Wankling), Mark Dhillon, and Teddy O'Donnell, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=BC United Youth |url=https://www.votebcunited.ca/bc-united-youth/ |website=BC United}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|conservatism}}
* [[List of political parties in British Columbia]]
* [[List of premiers of British Columbia]]
* [[List of British Columbia general elections]]
* [[Sales taxes in British Columbia]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.votebcunited.ca/ BC United Party official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610012124/https://www.votebcunited.ca/ |date=June 10, 2023 }}

{{BC United}}
{{British Columbia provincial political parties}}
{{Canadian Conservative Parties}}
{{Major Canadian Liberal Parties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:BC United| ]]
[[Category:Provincial political parties in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Conservative liberal parties]]
[[Category:Liberal conservative parties]]
[[Category:Neoliberal parties]]
[[Category:Conservative parties in Canada]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Canada]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Vancouver]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1903|British Columbia Liberal Party]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in British Columbia|Liberal Party]]