View source for BTR-152

{{Infobox weapon
|name=BTR-152
|image=File:Schützenpanzerwagen SPW 152 W1.JPG
|image_size=300
|caption=Former East German BTR-152 (''SPW-152'') at a public exhibit.
|origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|type=[[Armoured personnel carrier]]
|is_vehicle=yes
|service=24 March 1950 – present
|used_by=See [[BTR-152#Operators|Operators]]
|wars=See [[BTR-152#Service|Service History]]
|designer= B. M. Fitterman
|design_date=November 1946 – 1949<ref name="softland">{{Cite web|url=http://www.softland.com.pl/aerojac/aaa/btr152/btr152.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230204703/http://softland.com.pl/aerojac/aaa/btr152/btr152.html|title=softland|archive-date=30 December 2007}}</ref>
|manufacturer=[[ZiL|Automotive Factory No. 2 Zavod imeni Stalina]] (until 1956)<ref name="softland"/> <br> [[ZiL|Automotive Factory No. 2 Zavod imeni Likhacheva]] (from 1956 to 1962)<ref name="softland"/>
|unit_cost={{currency|39000|USD}} (export price to [[Iraq]], 1964-1969)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Efrat|first=Moshe|date=1983|title=The Economics of Soviet Arms Transfers to the Third World. A Case Study: Egypt|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/151253|journal=Soviet Studies|volume=35|issue=4|pages=437–456|doi=10.1080/09668138308411496|jstor=151253|issn=0038-5859|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|production_date=1950–1959
|number=8,600<ref name="Texture"/>
|variants=See [[BTR-152#Variants|Variants]]
|crew=2 (+18 passengers)<ref name="BTR-152">{{Cite web|url=http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/btr-152/BTR-152.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210045345/http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/armored_personnel_carriers/btr-152/BTR-152.html|title=BTR-152<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=10 February 2008}}</ref>
|length=6.55 m <br> 6.83 m for BTR-152V
|width=2.32 m
|height=2.04 m (without the mg)<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/> <br> 2.36 m (with the mg)<ref name="softland"/> <br> 2.41 m (BTR-152V with the mg)<ref name="softland"/>
|weight=9.91 tonnes<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide">{{cite web|url=http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/cv/inf/BTR-152.html|title=BTR-152 Armored Transporter|access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref>
|armour=welded steel<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> <br> 15 mm front<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/> <br> 9 mm sides and rear<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> <br> 10 mm roof<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> <br> 4 mm bottom<ref name="Pancerni 1"/>
|primary_armament=7.62mm [[SGMB]] light machine gun (1,250 rounds) (12.7 mm [[DShK|DShK 1938/46]] heavy machine gun (500 rounds) can be used instead)<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
|secondary_armament=2×7.62mm SGMB light machine guns (1,250–1,750 rounds) on side pintel mounts (optional)<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
|engine=ZIS-123 6-cylinder in-line water-cooled petrol (for variants based on ZIS-151) <br> ZIL-137K 6-cylinder in-line petrol (for variants based on ZIL-157)<ref name="AMW - Agencja Mienia Wojskowego">[http://www.amw.com.pl/rsm_product_info.php?cRsmPath=&rsm_products_id=60 AMW – Agencja Mienia Wojskowego<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301185139/http://www.amw.com.pl/rsm_product_info.php?cRsmPath=&rsm_products_id=60 |date=1 March 2007 }}</ref>
|engine_power=110 hp (82 kW) at 3,000 rpm. (for variants based on ZIS-151) <br> 107 hp (80 kW) (for variants based on ZIL-157)<ref name="AMW - Agencja Mienia Wojskowego"/>
|suspension=wheeled 6×6 <br> front - 2 leaf springs and hydraulic shock absorbers. <br> rear - equalising type with 2 leaf springs and torsion bars.
|clearance=300 mm
|speed=75 km/h<ref name="Pancerni 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=41&limit=1&limitstart=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818231050/http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=41&limit=1&limitstart=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2007|title=BTR 152 [ZSRR]: Strona 2 - Pancerni.net|author=Administrator|access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> <br> 65 km/h for BTR-152V<ref name="softland"/>
|fuel_capacity=300 L (79 gal)
|pw_ratio=11.1 hp/tonne (8.3 kW/tonne) <br> 10.8 hp/tonne (8.1 kW/tonne) for BTR-152V<ref name="softland"/>
|vehicle_range=650 km (404 miles)<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
}}

The '''BTR-152''' is a six-wheeled [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[armoured personnel carrier]] (APC) built on the chassis and drive train of a [[ZIS-151]] utility truck. It entered service with a number of [[Warsaw Pact]] member states beginning in 1950, and formed the mainstay of Soviet motor rifle battalions until the advent of the amphibious [[BTR-60]] series during the 1960s.<ref name=Green>{{cite book|last=Green|first=Michael|title=Armoured Warfare in the Vietnam War: Rare Photographs from Wartime Archives|date=1997|pages=68–69|publisher=Pen & Sword Books Ltd|location=South Yorkshire|isbn=978-1-78159-381-3}}</ref> [[BTR (vehicle)|BTR]] stands for ''bronetransportyor'' ({{langx|ru|бронетранспортёр, БТР|lit=armoured transporter}}).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061103033619/http://www.milparade.com/Soderzhaniye.pdf KAT-orygie-0/24-49-soderzanie]. Web.archive.org (3 November 2006). Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref>

BTR-152s were available in several marks, and were manufactured in large numbers for the Soviet military and export. Late production models utilized automotive components from the more reliable [[ZIL-157]] truck.<ref name="Jane1">{{cite book |last=Pretty|first=Ronald|title=Jane's Weapon Systems, 1979–80|year=1980|edition= 1979|pages= 313–368 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd|isbn=978-0-531-03299-2}}</ref> Three primary variants of the BTR-152 appeared between 1950 and 1959: the base armoured personnel carrier with a single pintle-mounted 7.62mm or 12.7mm machine gun, an unarmed command vehicle with a higher roofline, and an anti-aircraft variant armed with a [[ZPU-2]] mount.<ref name="Jane1"/> BTR-152s could carry a single infantry squad each, or specialist weapons teams along with their mortars and anti-tank equipment. In Soviet service, a number were also deployed as [[artillery tractor]]s.<ref name="Jane2">{{cite book |last=Christopher F. Foss|title=Jane's World Armoured Fighting Vehicles|year=1976|url=https://archive.org/details/janesworldarmour00foss_271|url-access=limited|edition= 1976|pages= [https://archive.org/details/janesworldarmour00foss_271/page/n263 262]–269 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd|isbn=0-354-01022-0}}</ref>

==History==
===Development===
During [[World War II]], [[Red Army]] tacticians favored [[combined arms]] offensives, which emphasized the deployment of light infantry in concert with tanks. However, the Soviet infantrymen lacked the armored protection and rapid mobility of the tanks, and remained comparatively vulnerable to enemy fire.<ref name="Perrett">Perrett, ''Soviet Armour Since 1945'' (1987) p. 65.</ref>

By the end of the war, the initial Soviet tactic of [[tank desant]], in which the infantry rode into battle atop the tanks they were supporting, had been superseded by the introduction of [[M3 Half-track]]s and [[M3 Scout Car|M3 White]] armored cars.<ref name="Kinnear">{{cite book |last=Kinnear |first=James |year=2008 |title=Russian Armored Cars 1930-2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/russianarmoredca00kinn |url-access=limited |publisher=Darlington Productions Inc |location=Darlington, MD (USA) |isbn=978-1-892848-05-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/russianarmoredca00kinn/page/n183 189]–190}}</ref> These were widely used for troop transport, giving rise to a new doctrine in which armored vehicles capable of keeping pace with tanks brought infantry to an engagement. The infantrymen would then disembark and enter combat on foot.<ref name="Tucker">Tucker, Spencer. ''The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. p. 243</ref>

Wartime experiences demonstrated that the Red Army had an urgent postwar requirement for more wheeled armored vehicles, and the general staff specified a new reconnaissance vehicle and armored personnel carrier (APC).<ref name="Kinnear"/> The APC had to be capable of transporting at least eight troops. A new design bureau at the [[GAZ|Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod]] (GAZ) was set up to study potential concepts accordingly; their final prototype, the ''Izdeliye 141'' ([[BTR-40]]), was accepted into service but was regarded as too small to be used in an APC role.<ref name="Kinnear"/> Meanwhile, specifications for another APC had been issued, capable of seating 15 to 20 additional passengers and armed with a single heavy machine gun.<ref name="Texture">{{cite web|title=Krasnaya Zvezda: BTR-152|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=http://www.krasnayazvezda.com/terre/materiels/transport_troupes/btr152.php|location=Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France|publisher=Elephorm en Alsacréations, Lopez, and Houbre|date=2010|access-date=29 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028191805/http://www.krasnayazvezda.com/terre/materiels/transport_troupes/btr152.php|archive-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> Existing M3 half-tracks and captured German [[Sd.Kfz. 251]]s were studied as potential references for the upcoming design.<ref name="Perrett"/>

Concept work on the new APC began at the [[ZiL|Zavod imeni Stalina]] (ZIS) factory in Moscow, overseen by Soviet engineer Boris Mikhailovich Fitterman, at roughly the same time the ''Izdeliye 141'' was being developed by GAZ. Prototypes were built with automotive components from the ZIS-151 production line; however, the APC chassis incorporated a more powerful engine and a shorter wheelbase than its utility truck counterpart.<ref name="Texture"/> Design work was carried out by a team of five ZIS employees: Fitterman, K. M. Androsov, A. P. Petrenko, V. F. Rodionov and P. P. Chernyaev.<ref name="softland"/> The final prototype was trialed by the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] in December 1949 and accepted into service as the ''BTR-152''.<ref name="Texture"/> Serial production of the BTR-152 under the manufacturer's code ''ZIS-152'' commenced around mid 1950, making it the first mass-produced Soviet APC.<ref name="Jane2"/> Despite being designed around the same time, the BTR-40 did not enter serial production until the end of the year.<ref name="Kinnear"/>

The BTR-152 was used by the Soviet military as a command and communications vehicle, fire support vehicle, artillery tractor, and general transporter.<ref name="Jane2"/> Being open-topped, the BTR-152's crew was vulnerable to indirect fire. In later years, the vehicle was not ideal for the prospect of a major conventional war in Europe either, as it lacked amphibious capability or [[CBRN defense|NBC countermeasures]].<ref name="Jane2"/> However, these early BTRs remained effective as a low-cost option that allowed the Soviets to rapidly motorize their existing infantry divisions.<ref name="Tucker"/> A program in the late 1950s looked at ways to replace the BTR-152 with a more sophisticated APC utilizing a purpose-designed, amphibious chassis.<ref name="Jane2"/> As the BTR-152's six-wheeled configuration was deemed insufficient to reduce ground pressure on the tires and produce optimal cross-country performance, Soviet engineers embarked on an eight-wheeled APC program, which resulted in the [[BTR-60]].<ref name="Tucker"/>

Approximately 8,600 BTR-152s of all variants were manufactured in the Soviet Union,<ref name="Texture"/> with some unlicensed copies being produced in the [[People's Republic of China]] as the ''Type 56''.<ref name="trade">{{cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |publisher=Armstrade.sipri.org |access-date=2013-06-20 |archive-date=14 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Soviet BTR-152s were produced between 1950 and 1959, being supplemented by the BTR-60 from 1960 onwards.<ref name="Jane2"/> As they became increasingly obsolescent, many were shipped to Soviet client states in [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]; the largest quantity of second-hand BTR-152s were accepted by Arab nations such as [[Libya]], [[Iraq]], [[Syria]], and [[Egypt]].<ref name="Tucker"/> Small quantities were also converted to armored ambulances and combat engineering vehicles for the Soviet Army; these remained in service as late as the 1980s.<ref name=USMC>{{cite book|author=Institute for Defence Analyses, various|title=Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995|date=1995|page=5|publisher=United States Marine Corps Intelligence Agency|location=Quantico|oclc=33890115}}</ref>

===Service===
[[File:Rákóczi út az Akácfa utcától a körút felé nézve. Kiégett szovjet BTR-152 páncélozott lövészszállító jármű. Fortepan 24730.jpg|thumb|250px|BTR-152 knocked out during the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]].]]
BTR-152s first saw combat during the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]], when they were deployed by the 12th Motorized Brigade of the Soviet [[Internal Troops]] to crush Hungary's fledgling uprising.<ref name="Budapest">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/hungarianrevolut1956schm|url-access=limited|title=The Hungarian Revolution 1956|last1=Schmidl|first1=Erwin A.|last2=Ritter|first2=László|date=2006|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-079-6|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/hungarianrevolut1956schm/page/n18 32]–47|language=en}}</ref> The BTRs were deployed in [[Budapest]] and other settlements, as well as on the Hungarian border with [[Austria]].<ref name="Budapest"/> A number were damaged or destroyed by insurgents armed with [[molotov cocktail]]s, which were pitched into the open troop compartments without apparent difficulty.<ref name="Texture"/> Since they were wheeled, some BTR-152s were also immobilized when their rubber tires caught fire, and had to be abandoned by their crews.<ref name="Budapest"/>

Egypt was one of the first major export customers for the BTR-152 outside Eastern Europe; in 1954, it ordered 200 from the Soviet Union, and between 1961 and 1966 it received another 600 in second-hand condition, possibly as military aid.<ref name="trade"/> Syria likewise received at least 200 BTR-152s in 1966, and another 300 three years later. These were deployed against the [[Israel Defense Forces]] during the [[Six-Day War]].<ref name="Tucker"/> In Syrian service, they were utilized as makeshift [[infantry fighting vehicle]]s rather than APCs; infantrymen remained on board and used the BTR-152 as a firing platform rather than disembark and fight on foot.<ref name=Campbell>{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=David|title=Israeli Soldier vs Syrian Soldier: Golan Heights 1967–73|date=2016|pages=1–61|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-4728-1330-5}}</ref> Nevertheless, failure to coordinate combined arms maneuvers often left the Syrian motorized infantry separated from their supporting tank formations and vulnerable to Israeli heavy armor.<ref name=Campbell/> Israel captured over 1,000 BTR-152s from Arab armies during the Six-Day War and the subsequent [[Yom Kippur War]].<ref name="Cordesman1">{{cite book|first1=Anthony H.|last1=Cordesman|title=Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric War|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|isbn=0-275-99186-5|page=132}}</ref>

BTR-152s were deployed by the [[National Liberation Front of Chad]] (FROLINAT) during the [[Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)|First Chadian Civil War]], and were instrumental in a motorized assault on [[Salal, Chad|Salal]] in April 1978. The BTRs were knocked out by [[Panhard AML|Panhard AML-90]] armored cars of the [[French Foreign Legion]].<ref name="Libya">{{cite book |author1=Tom Cooper |author2=Albert Grandolini |name-list-style=amp|title=Libyan Air Wars: Part 1: 1973–1985|date=19 January 2015 |edition=2015|pages=37–39 |publisher=Helion & Co. Ltd|isbn=978-1-909982-39-0}}</ref> Libyan mechanized battalions also deployed BTR-152s in Chad during the [[Chadian-Libyan conflict]], often in concert with tank companies or [[EE-9 Cascavel]]s. Several were destroyed after taking direct hits from AML-90 cannon fire or [[SS.11]] anti-tank missiles.<ref name="Libya"/>

BTR-152s formed the mainstay of mechanized units on both sides during the [[Ogaden War]]. The [[Somali National Army]] ordered enough BTR-152s from the Soviet Union in the late 1960s to equip nine new mechanized battalions.<ref name=Cooper>{{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Thomas|title=Wings over Ogaden: The Ethiopian-Somali War, 1978–1979|date=2015|pages=21–22|publisher=Helion & Company|location=Solihull|isbn=978-1-909982-38-3}}</ref> About half of Somalia's BTR-152s appear to have been lost in the Ogaden conflict.<ref name="Cordesman2">{{cite book|last=Cordesman|first=Anthony|title=After The Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East in the 20th century|date=2016|page=733|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|location=London|isbn=978-1-4742-9257-3}}</ref> Soviet weapons deliveries to [[Ethiopia]] accelerated after the outbreak of war, and starting in March 1977 included 40 BTR-152s appropriated from the Soviet Army's reserve stocks.<ref name="Porter">{{cite book|last=Porter|first=Bruce D.|title=The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars|date=1986|pages=200–201|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-31064-2}}</ref> These vehicles were mostly BTR-152Vs<ref name="Ayele">{{cite book|last=Ayele|first=Fantahun|title=The Ethiopian Army: From Victory to Collapse, 1977-1991|date=2014|pages=113–114|publisher=Northwestern University Press|location=Evanston, Illinois (US)|isbn=978-0-8101-3011-1}}</ref> but also included the BTR-152A anti-aircraft variant.<ref name="Isby">{{cite book|last=Isby|first=David|title=Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army|date=1981|pages=113–114|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=London|isbn=978-0-7106-0352-4}}</ref>

The Soviet Union donated at least six BTR-152s to [[Mozambique]] shortly after that country's independence in the mid-1970s.<ref name="trade"/> Mozambican BTR-152s were deployed against [[Rhodesian Security Forces]] conducting cross-border raids,<ref name="Moorcraft">{{cite book|title=The Rhodesian War: A Military History|last1=Moorcraft|first1=Paul L.|author-link1=Paul Moorcraft|last2=McLaughlin|first2=Peter|author-link2=Peter McLaughlin|date=April 2008|orig-year=1982|location=Barnsley|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books]]|isbn=978-1-84415-694-8|pages=96–97}}</ref> as well as in [[search and destroy]] operations mounted near [[Mozambican National Resistance]] (RENAMO) strongholds.<ref name="SAS">{{Cite book|title=A Handful of Hard Men: The SAS and the Battle for Rhodesia |edition=First |last=Wessels |first=Hannes |publisher=Casemate Publishers |location=Philadelphia |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-61200-345-0 |pages=240–241}}</ref> It is likely that all Mozambique's BTR-152s were eliminated by land mines or Rhodesian air strikes;<ref name="SAS"/> they were not in service long before being superseded by the BTR-60.<ref name=eme>{{cite book |last1=Emerson |first1=Stephen A. |title=The battle for Mozambique: the Frelimo-Renamo struggle, 1977-1992 |date=2014 |publisher=Helion and Company |isbn=978-1-909384-92-7 |page=89}}</ref> A second shipment of BTR-152s was delivered to the [[Mozambique Defence Armed Forces|People's Forces of Liberation of Mozambique]] (FPLM) in 1983, but it remains unclear whether these were deployed in front-line service.<ref name="trade"/>

During the [[Lebanese Civil War]], both Lebanese militias and [[Syrian Army]] used BTR-152s.<ref>{{cite book|first= Steven J. |last=Zaloga|title=Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present|url= https://archive.org/details/tankbattlesmidea00zalo_215 |url-access= limited |publisher=Concord Publications|location= Hong Kong |year=2003|isbn=962-361-613-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/tankbattlesmidea00zalo_215/page/n9 10]}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Manewry na poligonie wojskowym w Skierniewicach (51-43-7).jpg|thumb|left|Troop seating in the BTR-152's rear compartment. Soldiers aim their individual weapons through firing ports.]]
The BTR-152 is a modified truck chassis with an armored hull and an open-topped troop compartment. The sides and rear of the troop compartment are vertical, with corners sloping inwards to deflect shell fragments.<ref name="Jane3">{{cite book| last = Christopher F. Foss| title = Jane's Tanks and Combat Vehicles Recognition Guide| date = 16 May 2000| edition = 2000| page = [https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss/page/376 376]| publisher = Harper Collins Publishers|isbn=978-0-00-472452-2| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss/page/376}}</ref> There are firing ports on each side of the troop compartment and two rear doors for rapid debarking.<ref name="Jane3"/> Infantrymen can fire their individual weapons from the relative protection of the vehicle, and exit through these doors or by jumping over the sides. The crew consists of a driver and a single passenger, who operates the radios.<ref name="Jane3"/>

Two types of seating arrangements were available: the first consists of wooden benches on either side of the troop compartment facing inwards; the second consisted of three rows of seats facing forward.<ref name="Jane2"/> Both the driver and the radio operator seated to his right are provided with individual windscreens and, when in combat, these are covered by twin armored shutters with integral vision blocks.<ref name="Jane2"/> Crew members exit the vehicle through side doors, the tops of which are hinged and fold down for observation purposes.<ref name="Jane2"/>

The BTR-152's armor plate is fabricated of welded steel and ranges from {{Convert|4|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} to {{Convert|13.5|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} in thickness.<ref name="Jane2"/> This protects the crew and passengers from [[small arms]] fire, shell fragments, grenades, and anti-personnel mines, but is ineffective against larger shell fragments or even heavy machine gun fire. Late production hulls may have been manufactured from steel plate with a thickness of up to {{Convert|15|mm|in|abbr=on|2}}.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/> The vehicle is sometimes fitted with a winch that has a maximum capacity of 5 tonnes and a 70m cable.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/> Depending on the variant, BTR-152s can tow field artillery, transport 1.9 tonnes of cargo, or carry a half platoon of infantry.<ref name="softland"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

Most Soviet BTR-152s were powered by a six-cylinder ZIL-123 in-line water-cooled petrol engine developing 110&nbsp;hp at 2,900 rpm.<ref name="Jane2"/> Those based on the chassis and components of the [[ZIL-157]] utility truck utilized a slightly different ZIL-137K engine.<ref name="AMW - Agencja Mienia Wojskowego"/> There are several engine louvers on the front of the hull to prevent overheating; these could be safely closed for short intervals during combat, as long as the driver reduced speed and avoided overtaxing the vehicle.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> A BTR-152's gearbox comprised five forward gears and one reverse gear with a two-speed transfer box. Fifth gear had an overdrive.<ref name="Jane2"/> The suspension consisted of conventional leaf springs with hydraulic shock absorbers.<ref name="Jane2"/>

In the late 1950s, a little over 200 BTR-152s were produced with enclosed hulls, as opposed to the traditionally open-topped design; these were designated ''BTR-152K'' and ''BTR-152K1''. They were also known unofficially as "BTR-152 Model D" or "BTR-152 M1961" by some Warsaw Pact armies.<ref name="Jane2"/> The enclosed hull reduced situational awareness but allowed for the installation of central heating and an NBC overpressure system.<ref name="Texture"/> Two hatches opening to the right were installed on the new roofline.<ref name="Jane2"/>

[[File:BTRdrive4.JPG|thumb|250px|Driver's position in a BTR-152.]]
The BTR-152 was originally armed with a single pintle-mounted 7.62mm [[SG-43 Goryunov]] (SGMB) medium machine gun, fed by 1,250 rounds of stored on-board ammunition. This was mounted behind the driving position.<ref name="Jane2"/> Additional 7.62mm general-purpose machine guns could be mounted on either side of the hull top as needed.<ref name="Jane2"/> The SGMB machine gun could traverse 45 degrees and elevate between -6 and +24 degrees.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> Some of the BTRs were fitted with single 12.7mm [[DShK]] or 14.5mm [[KPV]] heavy machine guns in place of the SGMB.<ref name="Jane2"/> Vehicles designated ''BTR-152A'' were ground support vehicles with limited air defense capability. BTR-152As carried twin KPVs in a [[ZPU-2]] anti-aircraft mount.<ref name="Jane2"/> Variations included an Egyptian model with a Czechoslovak M53 Quad mounting for four DShKs, which were normally towed on a two-wheeled trailer, and some modified by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] to accept 23mm [[ZU-23-2]] anti-aircraft guns.<ref name="Compendium">{{cite book |last=Chant |first=Christopher |title=A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware |location=New York |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |year=1987 |isbn=0-7102-0720-4 |oclc=14965544 |pages=61–68}}</ref>

Because the original BTR-152 utilized the chassis and engine of the [[ZIS-151]], it shared that truck's maintenance problems and poor cross-country mobility. Later variants, using ZIL-157 components, had more power and larger, single tires that reduced the vehicle's shortcomings but did not eliminate them. Serviceability and reliability remained low.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

==Variants==
===Soviet Union===
[[File:Two Soviet-built BTR-152V2.JPEG|thumb|right|Two Soviet BTR-152V2''s''.]]
* '''BTR-152''' (1950) – Basic APC based on [[ZIS-151]] truck, many of which would later be covered and converted for other uses, such as ambulances, radio stations, and engineer vehicles. The basic BTR-152 has no winch, an open top, and no tire pressure control lines.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
** '''BTR-152A''' (1951) – BTR-152 converted into a SPAAG armed with a double (ZPTU-2) or quadruple (ZPTU-4) [[KPVT]] 14.5&nbsp;mm antiaircraft heavy machine guns (2400 rounds) in a turret manually operated by a single soldier. The entire vehicle crew consisted of eight soldiers in the variant equipped with ZPTU-2 and five soldiers in the variant equipped with ZPTU-4. The turret is placed inside the troop compartment and can be manually operated by a single soldier. It can make a full turn and its guns can elevate between -5 and +80 degrees.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="Pancerni 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=41&limit=1&limitstart=0|title=BTR 152 [ZSRR] - Pancerni.net|author=Administrator|access-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002213557/http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=41&limit=1&limitstart=0|archive-date=2 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Legion">{{cite web|url=http://legion.wplus.net/guide/army/ta/btr152.shtml|title=-152 (BTR-152 armored personnel carrier) :: -. (r1a.ru)|access-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928044513/http://legion.wplus.net/guide/army/ta/btr152.shtml|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** '''BTR-152''' converted into a minelayer equipped with racks for anti-tank mines.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
** '''BTR-152B''' (1952) – Artillery command version with a front-mounted winch and external tires pressure regulation system.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
** '''BTR-152C''' – Communication variant based on BTR-152.<ref name="Legion"/>
** '''BTR-152V''' (1955) – Variant based on [[ZIL-157]] truck with external tires pressure regulation system, a front-mounted winch and night vision devices for the driver.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/>
*** '''BTR-152D''' (1955) – Armament as BTR-152A, but based on BTR-152V.
*** '''BTR-152I''' – BTR-152V version for artillery command vehicle.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
*** '''BTR-152S''' – Command and communication post vehicle for infantry commanders. It has a significantly higher full cover roof and additional radios and antennas.<ref name="softland"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
*** '''BTR-152V1''' (1957) – Received night vision equipment, winch, open top and improved external tires pressure regulation system.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
**** '''BTR-152K''' (1959) – Received an armored roof with three big hatches on top of it, two of which opened to the right over the troop compartment, an internal tires pressure regulation system and a filtering/ventilating system. The weight of the vehicle has increased, the crew went down from 2+18 to 2+13.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/><ref name="Legion"/>
***** '''BTR-152K''' converted into an armored ambulance.
**** '''BTR-152E''' – Armament as BTR-152A, but based on BTR-152V1.
**** '''BTR-152U''' – Command vehicle based on BTR-152V1 equipped with external tires pressure regulation system. This command vehicle has a significantly higher full cover roof and additional radios and antennas. It has equipment for staff operations. This vehicle normally tows a trailer carrying additional equipment.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
***** '''BTR-152U''' equipped with internal tire pressure regulation system.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
****** '''BTR-152U''' with fully armored roof and internal tire pressure regulation system.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
*** '''BTR-152V2''' – BTR-152V version without winch. It has the internal tire pressure regulation system.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
**** '''BTR-152D''' based on BTR-152V2.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
**** '''BTR-152B1''' (1958) – Artillery command version with a front-mounted winch, internal tire pressure regulation system and ТВН-2 night vision device for the driver.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://legion.wplus.net/guide/army/ta/btr152.shtml |title=BTR-152 armored personnel carrier<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=29 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130163328/http://legion.wplus.net/guide/army/ta/btr152.shtml |archive-date=30 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*** '''BTR-152V3''' – BTR-152V with winch on the front, open top, infrared driving lights, and internal tire pressure regulation system.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/>
*** '''BTR-E152V''' (1957) – Experimental version; the second pair of wheels was moved toward the center of the vehicle in order to improve off-road performance.

===People's Republic of China===
* '''Type 56''' – Chinese version of BTR-152.

[[File:BTR-152-TCM-20-hatzerim-2.jpg|right|thumb|BTR-152 TCM-20 at Muzeyon Heyl ha-Avir, Hatzerim, Israel, 2006.]]

===Egypt===
* '''BTR-152''' converted by Egyptians into a [[Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|SPAAG]] armed with Czechoslovak KLAD (Egyptian designation is M58) quadruple [[DShK|DShK 1938/46]] 12.7&nbsp;mm anti-aircraft heavy machine guns mounted in the troop compartment. It was withdrawn from service in middle of the 1980s.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="Pancerni 2"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

===East Germany===
[[File:BTR-152-ARV-latrun-3.jpg|right|thumb|BTR-152 converted into an ARV by the [[South Lebanese Army]] Militia next to a [[BTR-60]] APC in Yad la-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, 2005.]]
* '''SPW-152''' – East German version of BTR-152.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory">[http://www.jedsite.info/afv-bravo/bravo-btr/btr-152_series/btr152-series.html JED The Military Equipment Directory]</ref>
** '''SPW-152''' converted into an armored ambulance.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
** '''SPW-152U''' – East German command version of BTR-152.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

===Israel===
* '''BTR-152''' captured from Syrians or Egyptians and modified to fulfil the Israeli Army needs.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
* '''BTR-152 TCM-20''' – Israeli air defense vehicle based on ex-Syrian or ex-Egyptian BTR-152. It is armed with twin 20&nbsp;mm cannon in a [[TCM-20]] powered mount.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

===Lebanon===
* '''BTR-152''' modified by Lebanese militias. It was fitted with a [[23×152mm|23mm]] [[ZU-23-2]] anti-aircraft gun placed inside the troop compartment. It was used in fire support and anti-aircraft roles.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
* '''BTR-152''' modified by the [[South Lebanese Army]]. It was fitted with a crane inside a cut down troop compartment. One surviving example is at Yad la-Shiryon Museum in Latrun.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

===Poland===
* '''BTR-152''' converted to serve as a mobile command post. It has additional radios.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
* '''BTR-152''' converted into an engineering vehicle.<ref name="softland"/>
* '''BTR-152''' converted into an armored artillery tractor.<ref name="softland"/>

===Vietnam===
* Unknown name for upgraded version carried out by the Vietnam's Institute of Military Vehicle Technology in 2011.<ref>[http://soha.vn/quan-su/diem-qua-mot-so-chuong-trinh-nang-cap-vu-khi-noi-bat-cua-vn-p3-20140718221426668.htm Điểm qua một số chương trình nâng cấp vũ khí nổi bật của VN (P3) - 10. Nâng cấp xe thiết giáp BTR-152] Soha.vn {{in lang|vi}}</ref> The upgraded version uses a diesel engine with a new gearbox, new driving system with hydraulic transmission, additional armored hood, improved suspension and electricity, lights, optics and other modifications. The upgraded BTR-152 is claimed to have higher speed, lower fuel consumption and is easier to use.<ref>[http://www.qdnd.vn/qdndsite/vi-vn/61/43/quan-su-quoc-phong/nghiem-thu-cai-tien-nang-cap-xe-thiet-giap-btr-152/292204.html Nghiệm thu cải tiến, nâng cấp xe thiết giáp BTR-152] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622053758/http://qdnd.vn/qdndsite/vi-vn/61/43/quan-su-quoc-phong/nghiem-thu-cai-tien-nang-cap-xe-thiet-giap-btr-152/292204.html |date=22 June 2014 }} Quân Đội Nhân Dân {{in lang|vi}}</ref>
* Armored medevac variant unveiled in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/april_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/vietnamese_army_developed_btr-152_armored_vehicle_medevac_variant.html|title=Vietnamese Army developed BTR-152 armored vehicle medevac variant &#124; April 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry &#124; Defense Security global news industry army 2018 &#124; Archive News year}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:BTR-152.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Operators {{legend|#0360d5|Current}}{{legend|#dd001e|Former}}]]
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

===Current===
* {{ANG}} − 200 BTR-152, BTR-60, BTR-70, and BTR-80 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=471}}
* {{CAM}} − 200 BTR-152 and BTR-60 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=252}}
* {{CAF}} − 4 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=480}}
* {{flag|Congo}} − 20 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=483}}
* {{CUB}} − 500 BTR-152, BTR-50, and BTR-60 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=428}}
* {{EQG}} − 10 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=489}}
* {{ERI}} − 25 BTR-152 and BTR-60 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=490}}
* {{GUI}} − 6 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=496}}
* {{GNB}}: 20 Type 56 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=497}}
* {{LAO}} − 20 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=290}}
* {{MOZ}} − 100 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=505}}
* {{NIC}} − 41 in service and 61 in storage as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=443}}
* {{PRK}} − Unknown number in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=282}}
* {{SDN}} − Unknown number in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=521}}
[[File:Syrian BTR-152 Armoured Transporters Destroyed by IDF in the Golan Heights, Yom Kippur War, 13 October 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Destroyed Syrian BTR-152s during the [[Yom Kippur War]] in 1973.]]
* {{SYR}} − Unknown number in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=386}}
* {{TZA}} − 10 BTR-40 and BTR-152 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=523}}
* {{VIE}} − 1,100 BTR-152, BTR-40, and BTR-60 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=324}}

===Former===
* {{AFG}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=637}}
* {{flaglist|Albania}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{ALG}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{ARM}} − 10 in 2011{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=637}}
* {{BUL}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{CHN}} − Type 56{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{CYP}} − 32<ref>{{cite book|last1=Henn|first1=Francis|title=A Business of Some Heat: The United Nations Force in Cyprus Before and During the 1974 Turkish Invasion|date=2004|publisher=Casemate Publisher|isbn=978-1-84415-081-6|pages=67–68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17ciO6lCxT0C&q=nicosia+kyrenia+road&pg=PA106|access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>
* {{GDR}}{{sfn|Foss|1990|page=437}}
* {{EGY}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}} 
* {{EST}} − 5<ref name="Armia">Armia magazine issue 8/09</ref>
* {{ETH}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=637}}
* {{HUN}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{IND}}{{sfn|Foss|1979|page=251}}
* {{IDN}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{IRN}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{flag|Iraq|1991}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{ISR}} − 34 in service in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=637}} captured from Egypt and Syria<ref name="Cordesman1"/>
* {{flag|Libya|1977}}<ref name="Tucker"/>
* {{MLI}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1140}}
* {{MNG}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{NAM}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=1140}}
* {{flag|North Yemen}}{{sfn|Foss|1979|page=251}}
* {{POL}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{ROM}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{SEY}}<ref name=zaf>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32423:seychelles-peoples-defence-forces&catid=119:african-militaries&Itemid=255 |title=Seychelles People's Defence Forces |publisher=defenceweb.co.za |date=29 October 2013 |access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref>
* {{SOM}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{flag|South Yemen}}{{sfn|Foss|1979|page=251}}
* {{URS}}{{sfn|Foss|1990|page=437}}
* {{SRI}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{UGA}}{{sfn|Foss|1994|page=303}}
* {{YEM}} − 60 in 2011{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=637}}
* {{YUG}}{{sfn|Foss|1990|page=437}}
* {{ZAI}} − Small number<ref>{{cite book|title=Modern African Wars (4): The Congo 1960–2002|series=Men-at-Arms 492|first=Peter |last=Abbott |date=20 February 2014|isbn=978-1-78200-076-1|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|page=33}}</ref>
* {{ZIM}} − 16<ref name="Baynham">{{cite book | last = Simon Baynham| title = Zimbabwe in transition| year = 1992|edition= October 1992|page= 240 | publisher = Almqvist & Wiksell International|isbn=978-91-22-01508-6}}</ref>

===Former non-state operators===
* [[File:Flag of Mourabitoun.svg|22px]] [[Al-Mourabitoun]]: 5; inherited from the PLO<ref>Kassis, ''30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon'' (2003), p. 66.</ref><ref>El-Assad, ''Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks'' (2008), p. 95.</ref><ref>Sex & Abi-Chahine, ''Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond'' (2021), p. 193.</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Frolinat.svg}} [[FROLINAT]]<ref name="Libya"/>
* {{flagicon image|}} [[Guardians of the Cedars]] (GoC): handed over by Israel or Syria<ref>Cooper & Sandler, ''Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981'' (2021), p. 7.</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kataeb Party.svg|22px|border]] [[Kataeb Regulatory Forces]] (KRF): handed over by Israel and Syria<ref>Kassis, ''Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon'' (2012), pp. 58-60.</ref><ref>Yann Mahé, ''La Guerre Civile Libanese, un chaos indescriptible! (1975-1990)'', Trucks & Tanks Magazine 41, January–February 2014, {{ISSN|1957-4193}}, p. 79.</ref> 
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Forces.svg|border}} [[Lebanese Forces (militia)|Lebanese Forces]]: inherited from the KRF and the [[Tigers Militia]]<ref>Kassis, ''30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon'' (2003), p. 37.</ref>
* {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO): handed over by the Soviet Union and Syria<ref name="Jane1"/>
* [[File:Flag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg|22px]] [[Progressive Socialist Party]]/[[File:People's Liberation Army (Lebanon).jpg|22px]] [[People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)|People's Liberation Army]] (Druze PLA): handed over by Syria<ref>Kassis, ''30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon'' (2003), p. 58.</ref><ref>Abi-Chahine, ''The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991'' (2019), pp. 53; 67.</ref>
* [[South Lebanon Army]] (SLA): handed over by Israel<ref>Sex & Abi-Chahine, ''Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond'' (2021), p. 179.</ref><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
* [[File:Flag of South West Africa People's Organisation.svg|22px]] [[SWAPO]]/[[People's Liberation Army of Namibia]] (PLAN): 6; handed over by the Soviet Union and Angola<ref name="Defence">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31770:namibia-defence-force&catid=119:african-militaries|title=Namibia Defence Force|author=Guy Martin|date=3 September 2013|access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of NLP Tigers Militia.jpg|22px|border]] [[Tigers Militia]]: handed over by Israel and Syria<ref>Sex & Abi-Chahine, ''Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond'' (2021), p. 61.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://osw.zone/paint-weathering-diorama/vallejo-colors/135-btr-152-apc-armed-with-bofors-40-mm-gunnlp-tigers-militialebanon1976-by/ |title=1/35 scale model photos of a Lebanese Tigers Militia BTR-152 APC with a AA QF Bofors 40mm gun mount, c.1976. |access-date=18 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044441/http://osw.zone/paint-weathering-diorama/vallejo-colors/135-btr-152-apc-armed-with-bofors-40-mm-gunnlp-tigers-militialebanon1976-by/ |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[File:Flag of ZANU-PF.svg|22px]] [[Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army]] (ZANLA): unknown number of vehicles handed over by Mozambique.<ref name="Abbott, Botham 1986 p. 10">Abbott, Botham & Chappell, ''Modern African Wars (1): Rhodesia 1965–80'' (1986), p. 10.</ref><ref name="Locke 1995 pp. 146">Locke & Cooke, ''Fighting Vehicles and Weapons of Rhodesia 1965-80'' (1995), pp. 146–147.</ref><ref name="Moorcraft 2008 p. 105">Moorcraft & McLaughlin, ''The Rhodesian War: A Military History'' (2008), p. 105.</ref><ref name="Touchard, 1979 p. 70">Touchard, ''Guerre dans le bush! Les blindés de l'Armée rhodésienne au combat (1964-1979)'', p. 70.</ref>
* [[File:Zimbabwe African People's Union flag.svg|22px]] [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] (ZIPRA): 15; handed over by the Soviet Union.<ref name="Abbott, Botham 1986 p. 10"/><ref name="Locke 1995 pp. 146"/><ref name="Moorcraft 2008 p. 105"/><ref name="Touchard, 1979 p. 70"/>
* [[Wolfgang Engels]]: 1, stolen to escape [[East Germany]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ich habe gerufen: "Nicht schießen!" - Er schoß aber trotzdem. {{!}} Chronik der Mauer |url=https://www.chronik-der-mauer.de/index.php/de/Start/Detail/id/593841/page/0 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.chronik-der-mauer.de}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{lwc|Bulat (APC)}}
* {{lwc|Nimda Shoet}}

==Bibliography==

*{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |editor1-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 1979-80 |date=1979 |publisher=Franklin Watts Inc. |location=New York |isbn=978-0-531-03916-8 |edition=1st |language=English}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 1990-91 |date=1990 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-0909-0 |edition=11th}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery, 1994-95 |date=1994 |publisher=Janes Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-1154-3 |edition=15th}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011-2012 |date=2011 |publisher=Janes Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2960-9 |edition=32th}}
* {{cite book |last1=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-05115-3 |language=en |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2024}}}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Bassel Abi-Chahine, ''The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991'', Éditions Dergham, Jdeideh (Beirut) 2019. {{ISBN|978-614-459-033-1}}
* Bryan Perrett, ''Soviet Armour Since 1945'', Blandford Press, London 1987. {{ISBN|0-7137-1735-1}}
* David Markov & Steven J. Zaloga, ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices, 1945 to Present'', Andrew Hull. {{ISBN|1-892848-01-5}}
* ''Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006''
* Moustafa El-Assad, ''Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks'', Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008. {{ISBN|978-9953-0-1256-8}}
*Paul L. Moorcraft & Peter McLaughlin, ''The Rhodesian War: A Military History'', Pen & Sword Books Ltd, Barnsley, South Yorkshire 1983 (2008 ed.). {{ISBN|978-1-84415-694-8}}
*Peter Abbott, Philip Botham & Mike Chappell, ''Modern African Wars (1): Rhodesia 1965–80'', Men-at-arms series 183, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1986. {{ISBN|9780850457285}}
*Peter Gerard Locke & Peter David Farquharson Cooke, ''Fighting Vehicles and Weapons of Rhodesia 1965-80'', P&P Publishing, Wellington (New Zealand) 1995. {{ISBN|0-473-02413-6}}
* Samer Kassis, ''30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon'', Beirut: Elite Group, 2003. {{ISBN|9953-0-0705-5}}
* Samer Kassis, ''Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975–1981'', Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012. {{ISBN|978-9953-0-2372-4}}
* Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, ''Battleground Lebanon'' (1003), Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1990. {{ISBN|962-361-003-3}}
*Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler, ''Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981'', Middle East@War No. 41, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2021. {{ISBN|978-1-914059-04-9}}
*Laurent Touchard, ''Guerre dans le bush! Les blindés de l'Armée rhodésienne au combat (1964-1979)'', Batailles & Blindés Magazine No. 72, April–May 2016, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp.&nbsp;64–75. {{ISSN|1765-0828}} (in [[French language|French]])
* {{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2021|date=February 2021|volume=121|isbn=978-1-032-01227-8|publisher=Routledge|ref={{harvid|The Military Balance 2021}}|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}
* {{cite book|first1=Zachary |last1=Sex |first2=Bassel |last2=Abi-Chahine |title=Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond |series=Modern Conflicts Profile Guide |volume=II |publisher=AK Interactive |date=2021 |id={{EAN|8435568306073}}}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425150219/http://btr152.com/ BTR-152 foto and forum]
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/btr-152.htm FAS.org]
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/btr-152.htm FAS.org]
* [http://www.armyrecognition.com/Russe/vehicules_a_roues/BTR-152/BTR-152_Russe_description.htm Photo gallery at armyrecognition.com]
* [http://www.slujba.ru/index.php?redir=572 Description and photo gallery at Slujba.ru] (Russian language)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014005453/http://armoured.vif2.ru/btr152.htm Description and photo gallery at armoured.vif2.ru] (Russian language)
* [http://www.memorialmuseum.org/displays/other-vehicles/item/russian-btr152 BTR-152] at U.S. Veterans Memorial Museum

{{Modern IFV and APC}}
{{PostWWIISovietAFVS|APC}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Btr-152}}
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Cold War armoured fighting vehicles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1950s]]
[[Category:ZiL vehicles]]
[[Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers]]