View source for B News

{{short description|Usenet news server}}
{{Primarysources|article|date=September 2009}}{{Morefootnotes|article|date=September 2009}}
[[File:B News spool.png|thumb|350px|right|Original and hierarchical spool layouts]]
'''B News''' was a [[Usenet]] [[news server]] developed at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] by [[Matt Glickman]] and [[Mary Ann Horton]] as a replacement for [[A News]]. It was used on [[Unix]] systems from 1981 into the 1990s and is the [[reference implementation]] for the ''de facto'' Usenet standard described in {{IETF RFC|850}} and {{IETF RFC|1036}}. Releases from 2.10.2 were maintained by [[UUNET]] founder [[Rick Adams (internet pioneer)|Rick Adams]].

B News introduced numerous changes from its predecessor.  Articles used an extensible format with named headers, first by using labeled equivalents to the A News format.  A further refinement in 1983 with News B2.10 was a move to [[e-mail]]-compatible headers, to ease message transfers with the [[ARPAnet]].  A history [[database]] was introduced, allowing articles to be placed in separate directories by [[newsgroup]], improving retrieval speeds and easing the development of separate [[News client|newsreader]] programs such as [[rn (newsreader)|rn]]. Support was provided for expiring old articles, and [[control message]]s (special articles that can automatically cause articles to be erased, or newsgroups to be added or removed) were added.

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="right"
|+ Evolution of B News header formats
! align="center" | B2.9 and earlier !! align="center" | B2.10 !! align="center" | B2.11
|-
| align="center" | From<br /><small>(as UUCP path)</small> || colspan="2" align="center" | Path
|-
| align="center" | <small>''(not used)''</small> || colspan="2"  align="center" | From<br /><small>(as Internet mail address)</small>
|-
| align="center" | Article-I.D. || colspan="2" align="center" | Message-ID
|-
| align="center" | Title || colspan="2" align="center" | Subject
|-
| align="center" | Posted || colspan="2" align="center" | Date
|-
| align="center" | Received || colspan = "2" align="center" | <small>''(not used)''</small>
|-
| align="center" | <small>''(not used)''</small> || align="center" | Relay-Version || align="center" | <small>''(not used)''</small>
|-
| align="center" | <small>''(not used)''</small> || align="center" | Posting-Version || align="center" | <small>''(not used)''</small>
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" | <small>''(not used)''</small>  || align="center" | Approved
|}
News B2.10 introduced the hierarchical article storage format carried into [[C News]] and [[InterNetNews]], and still commonly seen in many newsreaders and cache programs. Before B2.10, all groups were stored beneath a single parent directory, impairing performance when the group list became large, and requiring that the first 14 characters be unique among all groups due to an old Unix limitation.  The hierarchical layout split the groups at the periods, reducing directory sizes and ameliorating the uniqueness problem.

B2.10 contained limited support for moderated newsgroups, with posters needing to manually mail in submissions to an intermediate party who would post articles on their behalf. Moderated groups needed to be prefixed with "mod." In 1986, version B2.11 allowed moderated newsgroups to appear in any hierarchy, and it transparently mailed out moderated group submissions using the normal posting software.

The last B News patch set was released in 1989, after which [[Rick Adams (Internet pioneer)|Rick Adams]] declared the product obsolete.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/software/b/faq/section-8.html |title=What is the release status of B News? Where can I get it? |publisher=FAQS.ORG |accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref>

About 1989, [[Eric S. Raymond]] attempted a rewrite of B News, known alternately as Teenage Mutant Ninja Netnews and News 3.0. A rough version of the software was released and drew attention from around the network, but the project was abandoned shortly thereafter.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

*News B2.10.1, 1983, [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] version 2.9, under contrib/news

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150224230258/http://www.std.com/obi/USENET/ B2.11.19 News source]
*[https://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/index/unix/news/tmnn7-8.tar.Z Teenage Mutant Ninja Netnews source code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205160937/https://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/index/unix/news/tmnn7-8.tar.Z |date=2019-12-05 }}


[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1981]]
[[Category:Products and services discontinued in 1989]]
[[Category:Usenet]]
[[Category:Usenet servers]]