View source for Bandung

{{short description|City and capital of West Java, Indonesia}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Bandung
| official_name      = City of Bandung<br />{{nobold|{{lang|id|Kota Bandung}}}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|City]]
| translit_lang1     = Regional 
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Sundanese script|Sundanese]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{sund|ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = باندوڠ
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
 | perrow              = 1/2/2
 | border              = infobox
 | total_width         = 285
 |caption_align        = center
 | image1   = Bandung View dari Gedung Wisma HSBC Asia Afrika 4.jpg
 | caption1 = Bandung skyline
 | image2   = Bandung - Gedung Merdeka (2025) - img 03.jpg
 | caption2 = [[Merdeka Building]]
 | image3   = Masjid Raya Al Jabbar 25.jpg
 | caption3 = [[Al Jabbar Grand Mosque]]
 | image4   = Gedung Sate Oktober 2024 - Rahmatdenas (cropped).jpg
 | caption4 = [[Gedung Sate]]
 | image5   = Bank BJB Headquarters in Braga street, Bandung (1).jpg
 | caption5 = [[Braga Street]]
| color    = white
}}
| image_flag         = Municipal Flag of Bandung, Indonesia.svg
| image_shield       = Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg
| nicknames          = {{lang|id|Kota Kembang}} (City of Flowers)<br />{{native phrase|nl|Parijs van Java}}<br>([[Paris]] of Java)
| motto              = {{native phrase|su|Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti}}<br />{{sund|ᮌᮨᮙᮂ ᮛᮤᮕᮂ ᮝᮤᮘᮝ ᮙᮥᮊ᮪ᮒᮤ}} <br /> {{small|Prosperous Peaceful Prestigious Joyous}}{{force singular}}
| image_map          = Locator kota bandung.png
| map_caption        = Location within [[West Java]]
| image_map1         = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=yes|type=shape-inverse|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#333333|zoom=10}}
| mapsize            = 
| pushpin_map        = Indonesia_Java#Indonesia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Java]] and [[Indonesia]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|6.9218457|S|107.6070833|E|region:ID-JB_type:city|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Java]]
| subdivision_name2  = {{flag|West Java}}
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 25 September 1810<ref name="anniversary">{{Cite web|url=http://disdik.jabarprov.go.id/news/461/asal-muasal-dan-sejarah-bandung|title = Dinas Pendidikan Jawa Barat}}</ref>
| established_title1 = [[City status in Indonesia|Incorporated]]<br />{{nobold|(as ''gemeente'')}}
| established_date1  = 1 April 1906<ref name="anniversary"/>
| parts_type         = Administrative division
| parts              = 30 [[List of districts of West Java|districts]]<br />153 [[Villages of Indonesia|urban villages]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Mayor-council]]
| governing_body     = Bandung City Government
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Bandung|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Muhammad Farhan (Indonesian politician)|Muhammad Farhan]]
| leader_party       = [[NasDem Party|NasDem]]
| leader_title2      = Vice Mayor
| leader_name2       = {{Ill|Erwin (politikus)|lt=Erwin|id}}
| leader_title3      = [[Regional House of Representatives|Legislature]]
| leader_name3       = [[Bandung City Regional House of Representatives]] (DPRD)
| total_type         = Total
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 167.31
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_urban_km2     = 487
| area_metro_km2     = 1876.8
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="elevasi Bandung">{{cite web|url=https://www.bandung.go.id/profile|title=Tentang Kota Bandung|website=bandung.go.id}}</ref>
| elevation_max_m    = 892
| elevation_m        = 708
| elevation_ft       = 
| elevation_min_m    = 666
| population_total   = 2,528,163 
| population_as_of   = mid 2023 estimate<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Bandung Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3273)</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 14,982
| population_urban   = 7,203,000 ([[List of Indonesian cities by population|2nd]])
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="Demog18th">{{cite web|title=Demographia World Urban Areas, 18th Annual Edition|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|date=July 2022|access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref>
| population_density_urban_km2 = 14,712.5
| population_metro   = 9,054,175 ([[List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia|3rd]])
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="PU-net">{{cite web|url=http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/v2/metropolitan/4|title=PU-net|website=perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id|access-date=31 August 2020|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331134623/http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/v2/metropolitan/4|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_density_metro_km2 = 4,453
| population_demonyms = Bandungite
| population_rank     = [[List of Indonesian cities by population|3rd]]
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = {{nowrap|Ethnic groups}}<br>(2000 estimates)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.bps.go.id/publication/2001/11/01/c20572fc90585d6f369e5241/karakteristik-penduduk-jawa-barat-hasil-sensus-penduduk-2000-.html?msclkid=0aedc90ed04311ec8572f94536008863|title=KARAKTERISTIK PENDUDUK JAWA BARAT HASIL SENSUS PENDUDUK 2000|last=Badan Pusat Statistika Provinsi Jabar|website=bps.jabar.go.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119175828/https://jabar.bps.go.id/publication/2001/11/01/c20572fc90585d6f369e5241/karakteristik-penduduk-jawa-barat-hasil-sensus-penduduk-2000-.html?msclkid=0aedc90ed04311ec8572f94536008863|archive-date=2023-01-19|access-date=2024-07-06}}</ref>
| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible list
|frame_style = border:none; padding:0
|list_style = text-align:left; display:yes
|1 = 76.55% [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]]
|2 = 12.68% [[Javanese people|Javanese]]
|3 = 3.30% [[Chinese Indonesian|Chinese]]
|4 = 10.77% Others
|5 =  
|6 = 
|7 = 
|8 = 
}}
| demographics1_title2 = Religion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandungkota.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/12/03/1275/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama-yang-dianut-di-kota-bandung-2019.html|title=Population by Religion in Bandung Municipality, 2019|last=Statistics Indonesia|author-link=Statistics Indonesia|website=bandungkota.bps.go.id|access-date=2021-04-01}}</ref>
| demographics1_info2 = {{Collapsible list
|frame_style = border:none; padding:0
|list_style = text-align:left; display:yes
|1 = 92,17% [[Islam]]
|2 = 5.17% [[Protestantism]]
|3 = 2.14% [[Catholicism]]
|4 = 0.44% [[Buddhism]]
|5 = 0.06% [[Hinduism]]
|6 = 0.02% Others
}}
| timezone1          = [[Time in Indonesia|Western Indonesia Time]]/W.I.B
| utc_offset1        = +07:00
| timezone1_DST      = 
| utc_offset1_DST    = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in Indonesia|Postcodes]]
| postal_code        = 401xx, 402xx, 406xx
| area_code          = (+62) 22
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]]
| registration_plate = D
| blank_name         = Nominal [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Provinsi Jawa Barat Dalam Angka 2024|author=[[Statistics Indonesia|Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Barat]]|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|year=2024|location=Bandung|url=https://jabar.bps.go.id/publication/2024/02/28/35ffe2d35104b39feb577e8f/provinsi-jawa-barat-dalam-angka-2024.html|website=jabar.bps.go.id}}</ref>
| blank_info         = 2023
| blank1_name        = &nbsp;- Total
| blank1_info        = {{increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 351.285 trillion ([[List of Indonesian cities by GDP|3rd]])<br />{{increase}}[[USD|US$]] 23.046 billion <br />{{increase}}[[USD|US$]] 73.810 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank2_name        = &nbsp;- Per capita
| blank2_info        = {{increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 140,114 thousand ([[List of Indonesian cities by GDP|13th]])<br />{{increase}}[[USD|US$]] 9,194<br />{{increase}}[[USD|US$]] 29,446 ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank3_name        = &nbsp;- Metro
| blank3_info        = {{Increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 646.006 trillion<br>{{Increase}}[[USD|US$]] 42.383 billion<br>{{Increase}}[[Int$]] 135.736 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank4_name        = &nbsp;- Growth
| blank4_info        = {{increase}} 6.0%
| blank5_name        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2024)
| blank5_info        = {{increase}} 0.835 ([[List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index#List of large and medium-sized cities of Indonesia with very high HDI (2023)|16th]]) {{fontcolor|#007B00|very high}}
| blank_name_sec2    = Largest [[Districts of Indonesia|district]] by area
| blank_info_sec2    = Gedebage – {{convert|9.58|km2|sqmi}}
| blank1_name_sec2   = Largest district by population
| blank1_info_sec2   = Babakan Ciparay (142,500 – 2022 est)
| website            = [https://www.bandung.go.id/ bandung.go.id]
| pushpin_label      = 
| registration_plate_type = <!--2,510,103 what is this??-->[[Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia|Vehicle registration]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Sundanese|compact=yes}}

'''Bandung'''{{efn|{{langx|su|{{Sund|ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ}}|Kota Bandung}}, {{IPA|su|ˈbandʊŋ|pron|audio=LL-Q34002 (sun)-A2613-Bandung.wav}}; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɑː|n|d|ʊ|ŋ}}, [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|Van Ophuijsen Spelling]]: ''Bandoeng''}} is the [[capital city]] of the [[West Java]] [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] of [[Indonesia]].<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik 2020</ref> Located on the island of [[Java]], the city is the [[List of Indonesian cities by population|third largest city in Indonesia]] and [[Greater Bandung]] (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA) is the country's second-largest and second most populous [[List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia|metropolitan area]], with over 11 million inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/indonesia/|title=Indonesia: Provinces, Regencies, Cities, Districts, Communes, Settlements - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref name="PU-net"/> Situated {{convert|708|m|4=|abbr=off|sp=us}} [[above sea level]] (the highest point in the North area is at an altitude of {{convert|892|m|4=0|abbr=off|sp=us}}, and the lowest in the South at {{convert|666|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} above sea level), approximately {{convert|135|km|0|abbr=off}} southeast of [[Jakarta]], Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other [[List of cities in Indonesia|Indonesian cities]]. The city lies in a [[river basin]] surrounded by [[volcanic]] mountains that provide a natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the [[Dutch East Indies]] government's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung.<ref>TF-FES</ref>

The Dutch first established tea [[plantation]]s around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial capital [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] ({{convert|180|km|0|abbr=off}} to the northwest). In the early 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (''gemeente''), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the city to be nicknamed ''Parijs van Java'' ({{langx|nl|"The Paris of Java"}}).

After [[Indonesian Declaration of Independence|Indonesia declared independence]] in 1945, the city experienced ongoing development and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km<sup>2</sup> (per square kilometer) metropolitan area with living space for over 8 million people. New [[skyscraper]]s, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed. [[Natural resource]]s have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated traffic system resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), it still attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among major cities in [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jakartaglobe.id/news/bandung-wins-cleanest-air-award-asean/|title=Bandung Wins Cleanest Air Award From Asean|newspaper=Jakarta Globe|access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref> The city is also known as a [[Smart City]], leveraging technology to improve government services and social media that alert residents to issues such as floods or traffic jams. The city is part of the [[Creative Cities Network|UNESCO Creative Cities Network]], which it joined in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aseaneconomist.com/unesco-names-singapore-and-bandung-as-creative-cities-of-design/|title=Unesco names Singapore and Bandung as Creative Cities of Design - Asean Economist|last=Rivers|first=Paul|date=2015-12-13|work=Asean Economist}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
Bandung is Indonesia's major [[List of technology centers|technology centre]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chandran|first1=Nyshka|title=Architect-turned-mayor transforms his hometown into Indonesia's least bureaucratic city|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/13/indonesian-city-of-bandung-capitalizes-on-smart-technology-under-mayor-ridwan-kamil.html|publisher=CNBC|date=13 September 2017}}</ref><ref>Taslimson Foundation</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Valentina|first1=Jessicha|title=Bandung is Indonesia's leading smart city: Eco-architect|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2017/03/02/bandung-is-indonesias-leading-smart-city-eco-architect.html|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|date=2 March 2017}}</ref>

The first Asian-African Conference, the [[Bandung Conference]], was hosted in Bandung by President [[Sukarno]] in 1955 and now decennial event. Redevelopment of the existing [[Husein Sastranegara International Airport]] (BDO) was completed in 2016. The new larger second airport for Greater Bandung [[Kertajati International Airport]] (KJT) opened in June 2018, just in time for the [[2018 Asian Games]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

==History==
{{main|History of Bandung}}
[[File:Coat of Arms of Bandung (1928).svg|230px|thumb|Coat of Arms of Bandung during the Dutch colonial era, granted in 1928]]
The official name of the city during the colonial Dutch East Indies period was '''Bandoeng'''. The earliest reference to the area dates back to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest a type of ''[[Homo erectus]]'' species had long previously lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and around the old lake of Bandung.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=B. Brahmantyo |author2=E. Yulianto and Sudjatmiko |title=On the geomorphological development of Pawon Cave, west of Bandung, and the evidence finding of prehistoric dwelling cave |journal=JTM |year=2001 |url=http://www.geocities.com/ekoy001/PawonJTM-web.htm |access-date = 21 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408111619/http://www.geocities.com/ekoy001/PawonJTM-web.htm |archive-date=8 April 2008}}</ref> During the 17th and 18th centuries, the [[Dutch East Indies Company]] (VOC) established plantations in the Bandung area. In 1786, a supply road connecting Batavia (now [[Jakarta]]), [[Bogor]], [[Cianjur]], Bandung, [[Sumedang]] and [[Cirebon]] was constructed. In 1809, [[Napoleon]] ordered Governor [[Herman Willem Daendels]] to improve the defensive systems of [[Java]] to protect against a possible [[British Empire|British]] invasion. Daendels ordered the construction of a road stretching approximately {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the west to the east coast of Java, passing through Bandung.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pramoedya sheds light on dark side of Daendels highway|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|date=8 January 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author1=Peter J.M. Nas |author2=Pratiwo |year=2001|publisher=University of Leiden|url=http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf|title=Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, The High Military Road|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=27 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110211/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1810, the road was laid down in Bandung and was named ''De Groote Postweg'' (or the '[[Great Post Road]]'), the present-day location of Jalan Asia-Afrika. Under Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the Chief Administrator of the Bandung regency at that time, moved the office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a pair of holy city wells (''sumur Bandung''), the present-day site of the city square (''alun-alun''). He built his ''dalem'' (palace), ''masjid agung'' (the grand mosque) and ''pendopo'' (public-official meeting place) in the classical Sundanese orientation,<ref>{{cite book|title=Wajah Bandung Tempoe Doeloe|author=Kunto, Haryanto|year=1984|publisher=Granesia}}</ref> with the pendopo facing [[Tangkuban Perahu]] mountain, which was believed to have a mystical ambience. In 1856, Bandung also became the capital of the [[Preanger Regencies Residency]], which it would remain until 1925.

The first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was completed in 1880,<ref name=creative>{{cite conference|book-title=The eleventh International Planning History Conference 2023 |title=jasa izin bpom bandung: Bandung Experience |year=2022|url=https://bisainjasa.com/jasa-bpom/}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> boosting the light industry in Bandung. [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] flocked into the city to help run facilities, services and vendors. The area adjacent to the train station is still recognizable as the old Chinatown district. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of ''gemeente'' (municipality), and then twenty years later, ''stadsgemeente'' (city municipality).

From the early 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government made plans to move their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial government commenced construction of military barracks, the building housing the colonial Department of State-Owned Enterprises (''Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven'', the present-day [[Gedung Sate]]) and other government buildings. However, this plan was cut short by [[World War II]], after which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony due to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence.

The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive [[tea]] plantations. In the nineteenth century, [[Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn|Franz Junghuhn]] introduced the [[cinchona]] (''kina'') plant.<ref>{{cite news|title=If Only Junghuhn Knows How Cinchona in Indonesia Becomes... |publisher=Pikiran Rakyat |language=id |url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/0604/07/0108.htm |date=7 June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517024534/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/0604/07/0108.htm |archive-date=17 May 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> With its cooler elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort area.<ref name=brief>{{cite web  | title = An Extremely Brief Urban History of Bandung | publisher = Institute of Indonesian Architectural Historian | url=http://www.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~fujimori/lsai/bandung.html| access-date = 20 August 2006 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060716093926/http://www.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~fujimori/lsai/bandung.html| archive-date= 16 July 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> Wealthy plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the capital, Batavia. [[Braga Street|Jalan Braga]] grew into a promenade street with cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. Two [[art-deco]] style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a clubhouse for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre.<ref name=creative/>

After [[Indonesian Declaration of Independence|Indonesian independence]] in 1945, Bandung was designated as the capital of [[West Java]] [[province]]. During the [[Indonesian National Revolution]], some of the most massive battles occurred in and around Bandung. Dutch troops were virtually absent in Java at the end of World War II. To assist the restoration of Dutch sovereignty, British forces established a military presence in several of Java's largest cities, and issued an ultimatum to Indonesian forces in Bandung in an attempt to make them leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern part of Bandung was [[Bandung Sea of Fire|deliberately set alight]] by Indonesian forces as they withdrew.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.bandungheritage.org/images/stories/dokumen/bandung_sea_of_fire.pdf|title=Social History of Bandung Lautan Api (Bandung Sea of Fire) 24 March 1946 |author=Sitaresmi, Ratnayu |access-date=22 August 2008 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603233047/http://www.bandungheritage.org/images/stories/dokumen/bandung_sea_of_fire.pdf |archive-date=3 June 2017 }}</ref>

In 1955, the first Asian-African Conference, also known as the ''[[Bandung Conference]]'', was hosted in Bandung by President [[Sukarno]] and attended by the heads of states representing twenty-nine independent countries from Asia and Africa.<ref>Jamie Mackie, 'Bandung 1955: Non-Alignment and Afro-Asian Solidarity', [[Singapore]], Editions Didier Millet, {{ISBN|981-4155-49-7}}</ref> The conference venue was at the [[Gedung Merdeka]], the former Concordia Society building. The conference announced ten points of declaration for the promotion of [[world peace]] and opposition against [[colonialism]] and is known as the [[Bandung Conference#Declaration|Declaration of Bandung]]. This was followed by a wave of nationalism and [[decolonisation|decolonization]] movements around the globe which remapped world politics.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Cold War II: The Eisenhower Administration, the Bandung Conference, and the Reperiodization of the Postwar Era| author=Jason Parker| journal=Diplomatic History| volume=30| issue=5| year=2006| pages=867–892| doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00582.x}}</ref> The conference was also the first international conference of people of colour in history.<ref name="wright">{{cite book|title=The Color Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference| author=Richard Wright| author-link=Richard Wright (author)| publisher=University Press of Mississippi |year=1995|isbn=0-87805-748-X}}</ref> In his book ''[[The Color Curtain]]'', [[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]] claims that there was an epic meaning to the conference for people of colour around the world.<ref name="wright"/>

In 1987, the city boundary was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung' (''Bandung Raya'') plan, with the relocation of higher concentration development zones outside the city in an attempt to dilute population density in the old city. During this development, the [[City centre|city core]] was often uprooted, with old buildings torn down, lot sizes regrouped and rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with bustling chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments.<ref name=brief/>

In 2005, an Asian-African Conference was partly held in Bandung, attended by world leaders including Indonesian President Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh, President of [[South Africa]] Thabo Mbeki and President of [[Nigeria]] Obasanjo.<ref name="Discover Bandung">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130307003733/http://discoverbandung.chasecareer.net/ Discover Bandung]}}</ref>

==Geography==
Bandung, the capital of [[West Java]] province, is located about {{convert|180|km|mi}} southeast of Jakarta. Its elevation is {{convert|768|m|ft}} [[above sea level]] and is surrounded by up to {{convert|2400|m|abbr=off}} high [[Tertiary period|Late Tertiary]] and [[Quaternary]] volcanic terrain.<ref name="Kaars95">{{cite journal |title=A 135,000-year record of vegetational and climatic change from the Bandung area, West-Java, Indonesia |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=117 |issue=1–2 |pages=55–72 |year=1995 |doi=10.1016/0031-0182(94)00121-N |author1=W.A. van der Kaars |author2=M.A.C. Dam |bibcode=1995PPP...117...55V |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> The {{cvt|400|km2}} flat of central Bandung plain is situated in the middle of {{convert|2340.88|km2}} wide of the Bandung [[Drainage basin|Basin]]; the basin comprises Bandung, the [[Cimahi]] city, part of [[Bandung Regency]], part of [[West Bandung]] Regency, and part of [[Sumedang Regency]].<ref name="iges">{{cite conference |author=Setiawan Wangsaatmaja, Arief D. Sutadian and Maria A.N. Prasetiati| title = Groundwater Resource Management in Bandung| book-title = Sustainable Groundwater Management in Asian Cities| publisher = Institute for Global Environmental Strategies| url = http://www.iges.or.jp/en/fw/report01.html| access-date = 21 August 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902174254/http://www.iges.or.jp/en/fw/report01.html| archive-date = 2 September 2006| url-status = dead}}</ref> The basin's main river is the [[Citarum river|Citarum]]; one of its branches, the [[Cikapundung River|Cikapundung]], divides Bandung from north to south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an essential source of water for potable water, irrigation, and fisheries, with its {{convert|6147|e6m3|abbr=unit}} of groundwater being a significant reservoir for the city.<ref name="iges"/>

The northern section of Bandung is hillier than other parts of the city, and the unique truncated flat-peak shape of the [[Mount Tangkuban Perahu|Tangkuban Perahu]] volcano (''Tangkuban Perahu'' literally means 'upside-down boat') can be seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile [[andisols|andisol]] soil in the north, suitable for intensive [[rice]], [[fruit]], [[tea]], [[tobacco]], and [[coffee]] plantations. In the [[south]] and [[east]], [[alluvial]] soils deposited by the Cikapundung river predominate.<ref>{{Cite web
 |url=https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/geoscience/article/download/19478/9030
 |title=Potensi Longsoran di Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat dengan Menggunakan Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG)
 |last1=Nababan
 |first1=M. H.
 |last2=Pratama
 |first2=N. A.
 |last3=Farid
 |first3=A.
 |date=2019
 |website=Geoscience Journal
 |access-date=1 September 2024
}}</ref>

Geological data show that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as [[Mount Sunda]], erected up to {{convert|3000|-|4,000|m|abbr=off}} during the [[Pleistocene]] age.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=M.N. Kartadinata |author2=M. Okuno |author3=T. Nakamura |author4=T. Kobayashi |title=Eruptive History of Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, West Java, Indonesia: A Preliminary Report |journal=Journal of Geography |volume=111 |issue=3 |pages=404–409 |year=2002 |doi=10.5026/jgeography.111.3_404 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2002JGCZ..111..404K }}</ref> Two large-scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin, and the second (est. 55,000 BCE) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the [[Lake Bandung|Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung]]".<ref>{{Citation | author = Dam, M.A.C. | title = The Late Quaternary Evolution of the [[Bandung Basin]], West Java, Indonesia | version = PhD Thesis| publisher = Universiteit van Amsterdam| year = 1994}}</ref> The lake drained away; for reasons which are the subject of ongoing debate among geologists.<ref>{{cite book| last = van Bemmelen| first = R.W.| title = The Geology of Indonesia, Vol. 1A, General Geology| year = 1949}}</ref><ref name="sangiangtikoro">{{cite news|title=Sangiangtikoro is not The Leaking Point of The Old Bandung Lake |language=id |publisher=Pikiran Rakyat |date=27 October 2005 |url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0905/27/0108.htm |access-date=20 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120458/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0905/27/0108.htm |archive-date=29 September 2007 }}</ref>

===Architecture===
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Indonesia|Indonesian architecture|List of colonial buildings in Bandung}}
[[File:Savoy Homann (264088335).jpeg|upright|thumb|220px|The [[Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel]] architectural design by [[Albert Aalbers]] in 1939 is one of the most significant examples of the [[Art Deco]] style for which Bandung is renowned.]]
Bandung is home to numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture, most notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed [[New Indies Style]]. [[Henri Maclaine Pont]] was among the first Dutch architects to recognize the importance of combining each architectural style with local cultural traditions. He stressed that [[modern architecture]] should interact with [[local history]] and native elements.<ref name="ww">{{cite conference|author1=W. Wangsadinata |author2=T.K. Djajasudarma |name-list-style=amp |title=Architectural Design Consideration for Modern Buildings in Indonesia |year=1995 |book-title=INDOBEX Conf. on Building Construction Technology for the Future: Construction Technology for Highrises & Intelligence Buildings |location=Jakarta |url=http://www.wiratman.co.id/ximages/architecture.pdf|access-date=18 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614232909/http://www.wiratman.co.id/ximages/architecture.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007}}</ref> In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the first technical university in the [[Dutch East Indies]], ''Technische Hogeschool te Bandung'' (the present-day [[Bandung Institute of Technology]]). He was named a Professor of Architecture at the university. A striking local Sundanese roof style is seen adorning the top of the campus' ceremonial hall and is embedded in his artwork.<ref name="ww"/>

In the same year, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed ''Gouverments Bedrijven'' (Government Companies) in line with the colonial government's plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The building is known as [[Gedung Sate]], named after the distinguished small [[satay]]-shaped structure on the roof, and is today used as the head office of the [[West Java]] provincial government and House of Representatives. The building is an example of a harmonious mixture between West and East architectural styles, particularly the [[Italian Renaissance]] style of [[arch]] structures in the wings and [[pendopo]]-like structures commonly found in Java in the middle section.

[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Villa Isola aan de Lembangweg bij Bandoeng TMnr 60026636.jpg|upright|thumb|170px|[[Villa Isola]], is an art-deco building in the northern part of Bandung, now it serves as the rectorate building of [[Indonesia University of Education]].]]
Several Dutch architects who shaped the city landmarks the architectural blending of modern and native traditions. In the 1930s, Bandung became known as an architectural laboratory due to the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. [[Albert Aalbers]] added the [[streamline moderne]] style to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS bank (1936) and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). [[Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker]] was one of the architects who enormously added native elements in his artworks, including the [[Villa Isola]] (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarters (1918), [[Gedung Merdeka]] (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).<ref name="ww"/>

Though Bandung is known for its many old Dutch architecture buildings, the city is recently going through a high-rise building boom. There are more than 100 high rise buildings in the city, and many more are under construction or planned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/city/100261/bandung-indonesia/type/3/1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815102414/https://www.emporis.com/city/100261/bandung-indonesia/type/3/1|url-status=usurped|archive-date=15 August 2017|title=High-rise buildings in Bandung}}</ref> The following list includes buildings in Bandung that are completed or topped off and above {{Convert|300|ft|m|abbr=on}}.

===Environmental problems===
The north of the city serves as a [[water reservoir]] for Bandung. However, the area has seen substantial residential development. Several attempts to protect this area have been made, including creating reserves such as the Juanda National Park and [[Punclut]], but development continues. Regular flooding in Bandung's south also presents a real and dangerous ongoing problem.<ref>{{cite conference| first = Agus| last = Fahmudin| author2 = Wahyunto| title = Evaluation of Flood Mitigation Function of Several Land Use Systems in Selected Areas of West Java, Indonesia| book-title = Japan / OECD Expert Meeting on Land Conservation Indicators| publisher = OECD| url = http://www.olis.oecd.org/comnet/agr/landconserv.nsf/viewHtml/index/$FILE/Fahmuddin.PDF| access-date = 20 August 2006| archive-date = 9 April 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080409140209/http://www.olis.oecd.org/comnet/agr/landconserv.nsf/viewHtml/index/$FILE/Fahmuddin.PDF| url-status = dead}}</ref>

From mid-2005, Bandung faced another environmental disaster when the city's [[landfill]] site was re-evaluated after a garbage slide in 2005 which buried a village, Kampung Gajah, beneath it, killing over a hundred people.<ref>SP 18 May 2006 http://www.sp18.com/2006/05/</ref> The accumulation of {{convert|8000|m3/day|abbr=on}} of domestic garbage causes severe air pollution by local burning, the spread of disease, and water contamination. The provincial government has failed in its attempts to solve the garbage issue.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trash in Bandung Fears Uncollected|publisher=Pikiran Rakyat|language=id|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0205/23/0103.htm|date=23 February 2005|access-date=20 August 2006|archive-date=1 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101111348/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0205/23/0103.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=From Bandung Ocean of Flame to the Ocean of Trash |newspaper=Kompas |language=id |url=http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0503/14/teropong/1615278.htm |date=25 March 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625071739/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0503/14/teropong/1615278.htm |archive-date=25 June 2013 }}</ref> Nevertheless, it was awarded in 1997 and 2015 as the least polluted city in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pemkot Bandung Berupaya Raih Kembali Adipura |url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/2014/11/13/304457/pemkot-bandung-berupaya-raih-kembali-adipura |website=Pikiran Rakyat Online |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617041111/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/2014/11/13/304457/pemkot-bandung-berupaya-raih-kembali-adipura |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kota Bandung Raih Penghargaan Adipura :: Bandung.go.id {{!}} Portal Resmi Kota Bandung |url=http://portal.bandung.go.id/kota-bandung-raih-penghargaan-adipura |website=portal.bandung.go.id |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=8 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208185015/http://portal.bandung.go.id/kota-bandung-raih-penghargaan-adipura |url-status=dead}}</ref> Further, a regional award in 2017 was also given from ASEAN for the cleanest air among other major cities in ASEAN countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jakartaglobe.id/news/bandung-wins-cleanest-air-award-asean/ |title=Bandung Wins Cleanest Air Award From Asean |date=13 September 2017 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>

Bandung is also well known for its [[tornado]] hotspot. The first deadly tornado in the area occurred in Rancaekek (during the Dutch Occupation in 1933 where a tornado struck the town, killing 1 and injuring none, the funnel destroyed 17 homes and left 30 homes badly damaged, many trees were either snapped or downed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sejarah Bandung - Ingat kejadian Puting Beliung di Rancaekek, tempo hari? Ternyata, kejadian tsb juga pernah terjadi di tahun 1933. Kejadian tsb menewaskan seorang penduduk dan membuat 17 rumah rusak berat. . . . . #Sejarah #sejarahbandung #Rancaekek #HindiaBelanda {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/sejarahbandung/photos/a.269786156737993/738416549874949/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> Another deadly tornado to occur on Bandung was on 18 December 2014, in Gedebage, the tornado struck the area in the afternoon. It left 85 houses either unroofed or destroyed, a large factory building suffered significant damage, a warehouse levelled and a library suffered roof loss, one person died due to crushed by a collapsed wall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puting Beliung Hancurkan Atap Perpustakaan UIN Bandung |url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-2781839/puting-beliung-hancurkan-atap-perpustakaan-uin-bandung |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pudak Scientific - Produsen Alat Peraga Pendidikan dan Peralatan Laboratorium {{!}} |url=https://www.pudak-scientific.com/detail_news.php?judul_ind=Kerusakan%20Pabrik%20Pudak%20Scientific%20Akibat%20Puting%20Beliung%2018%20Desember%202014 |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=www.pudak-scientific.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandung Porak-poranda karena Puting Beliung, 1 Tewas |url=https://www.dream.co.id/stories/bandung-porak-poranda-karena-puting-beliung-1-tewas-141218p.html |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Dream.co.id |date=18 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

===Climate===
Bandung experiences [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Am'') that closely borders a [[tropical rainforest climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Af'') as the driest month precipitation total is below {{convert|60|mm}}. March and August are the wettest and driest months, respectively. The average temperature throughout the year tends to be cooler than most cities in Indonesia due to the influence of altitude. The average temperature throughout the year only has little variation due to its location near the equator.
{{Weather box
|location= Bandung ([[Husein Sastranegara International Airport]]) (elevation {{convert|740|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 2013–2023, extremes 1957–1994)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes

|Jan record high C=32.2
|Feb record high C=31.1
|Mar record high C=32.2
|Apr record high C=30.6
|May record high C=31.1
|Jun record high C=30.6
|Jul record high C=30.6
|Aug record high C=31.1
|Sep record high C=32.8
|Oct record high C=34.4
|Nov record high C=33.9
|Dec record high C=31.1

|Jan high C = 	28.0
|Feb high C = 	27.7
|Mar high C = 	28.7
|Apr high C = 	28.9
|May high C = 	28.9
|Jun high C = 	28.7
|Jul high C = 	28.6
|Aug high C = 	29.3
|Sep high C = 	30.0
|Oct high C = 	30.0
|Nov high C = 	29.1
|Dec high C = 	28.5
|Jan mean C= 24.2
|Feb mean C= 24.0
|Mar mean C= 24.5
|Apr mean C= 24.8
|May mean C= 24.6
|Jun mean C= 24.2
|Jul mean C= 23.8
|Aug mean C= 24.0
|Sep mean C= 24.6
|Oct mean C= 24.9
|Nov mean C= 24.7
|Dec mean C= 24.4
|year mean C=
|Jan low C = 	20.4
|Feb low C = 	20.3
|Mar low C = 	20.4
|Apr low C = 	20.7
|May low C = 	20.3
|Jun low C = 	19.7
|Jul low C = 	19.0
|Aug low C = 	18.6
|Sep low C = 	19.2
|Oct low C = 	19.9
|Nov low C = 	20.3
|Dec low C = 	20.3
|Jan record low C=15.0
|Feb record low C=15.6
|Mar record low C=15.0
|Apr record low C=13.9
|May record low C=13.9
|Jun record low C=11.7
|Jul record low C=11.1
|Aug record low C=11.7
|Sep record low C=11.7
|Oct record low C=13.9
|Nov record low C=12.8
|Dec record low C=15.0
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	174.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 	199.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 	343.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 	275.5
|May precipitation mm = 	212.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 	109.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 	77.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 	59.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 	85.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 	174.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 	329.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 	273.8
|Jan precipitation days = 	14.4
|Feb precipitation days = 	15.3
|Mar precipitation days = 	19.3
|Apr precipitation days = 	18.3
|May precipitation days = 	13.9
|Jun precipitation days = 	9.2
|Jul precipitation days = 	7.0
|Aug precipitation days = 	6.0
|Sep precipitation days = 	7.0
|Oct precipitation days = 	13.0
|Nov precipitation days = 	18.5
|Dec precipitation days = 	18.1

|Jan humidity=83
|Feb humidity=82
|Mar humidity=82
|Apr humidity=83
|May humidity=82
|Jun humidity=78
|Jul humidity=76
|Aug humidity=73
|Sep humidity=74
|Oct humidity=76
|Nov humidity=80
|Dec humidity=81
|year humidity=79.2
|source 1 = Meteomanz<ref name=Meteomanz>{{cite web
| url = http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=5360&ind=96781&y1=2013&m1=01&y2=2023&m2=12&so=000&fm=00
| title = SYNOP/BUFR observations. Data by months
| publisher = Meteomanz
| access-date = 22 March 2024}}</ref>
|source 2=Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial (extremes and humidity)<ref name=climate>{{cite web
| url = http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/in-husei.htm
| title = Indonesia - Husein Sastraneg
| publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}
|</ref>}}

{{Weather box|location=Bandung, Indonesia
|Jan sun = 155
|Feb sun = 168
|Mar sun = 186
|Apr sun = 210
|May sun = 217
|Jun sun = 240
|Jul sun = 248
|Aug sun = 248
|Sep sun = 210
|Oct sun = 217
|Nov sun = 180
|Dec sun = 186
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 5.0
|Febd sun = 6.0
|Mard sun = 6.0
|Aprd sun = 7.0
|Mayd sun = 7.0
|Jund sun = 8.0
|Juld sun = 8.0
|Augd sun = 8.0
|Sepd sun = 7.0
|Octd sun = 7.0
|Novd sun = 6.0
|Decd sun = 6.0
|Jan light = 12.5
|Feb light = 12.3
|Mar light = 12.1
|Apr light = 12.0
|May light = 11.8
|Jun light = 11.7
|Jul light = 11.8
|Aug light = 11.9
|Sep light = 12.1
|Oct light = 12.3
|Nov light = 12.4
|Dec light = 12.5
|Jan percentsun = 40
|Feb percentsun = 49
|Mar percentsun = 50
|Apr percentsun = 58
|May percentsun = 59
|Jun percentsun = 68
|Jul percentsun = 68
|Aug percentsun = 67
|Sep percentsun = 58
|Oct percentsun = 57
|Nov percentsun = 48
|Dec percentsun = 48
|Jan uv = 12
|Feb uv = 12
|Mar uv = 12
|Apr uv = 12
|May uv = 11
|Jun uv = 10
|Jul uv = 11
|Aug uv = 12
|Sep uv = 12
|Oct uv = 12
|Nov uv = 12
|Dec uv = 12
|source 1 = Weather Atlas <ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/bandung-climate|title=Bandung, Indonesia - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=25 July 2020 }}</ref>}}

==Government==
The city area in 1906 was {{convert|19.22|km2|2|abbr=off}}, and by 1987, it had expanded to 167.2965&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="bda2003">{{cite press release|publisher=Bureau of Statistics|title=''Bandung Dalam Angka'' (Bandung in Numbers)|year=2003|url=http://www.bandung.go.id/index.php?fa=download.category&id=1&startpage=1&offset=0|language=id|access-date=15 January 2007|archive-date=30 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630005300/http://www.bandung.go.id/index.php?fa=download.category&id=1&startpage=1&offset=0|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city administration is divided into 30 [[Districts of Indonesia|districts]] (''kecamatan'') and 153 [[Villages of Indonesia|villages]] (''kelurahan''). For development purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into eight sub-city regions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://data.bandung.go.id/dataset/data-spasial-sub-wilayah-kota-bandung|title=Data Spasial Sub Wilayah Kota Bandung|last=Dinas Penataan Ruang Kota Bandung|date=2017-02-10|website=Portal Data Bandung|access-date=28 April 2017|archive-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811015829/http://data.bandung.go.id/dataset/data-spasial-sub-wilayah-kota-bandung|url-status=dead}}</ref> The sub-city regions of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (''walikota'') - Bambang Tirtoyuliono from 2023 - leads the city administration. Since 2008, city residents have directly voted for a mayor; previously, mayors were nominated and selected by the city council - the [[Bandung City Regional House of Representatives]] (''DPRD Kota Bandung''), which has 50 members. As of 2003, the total number of city administration personnel was 20,163.<ref name="bda2003"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Keanggotaan DPRD Kota Bandung Periode 2014-2019 – DPRD KOTA BANDUNG |url=https://dprd.bandung.go.id/keanggotaan-dprd-kota-bandung-periode-2014-2019/ |publisher=Bandung City Council |access-date=26 March 2019 |language=id-ID}}</ref>

===Administrative divisions===
[[File:Bandung 002.jpg|thumb|Villages (''kelurahan'') of Bandung, with all villages in the same district (''kecamatan'') having the same color.]]

Bandung City is divided into 30 [[Districts of Indonesia|districts]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pn-bandung.go.id/uploads/file/DataKelKec.pdf |title=Data Kecamatan Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Bandung: Berdasarkan Perda 2008 |access-date=1 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013133229/http://pn-bandung.go.id/uploads/file/DataKelKec.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (''kecamatan''), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and 2020 Census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Kota Bandung Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3273)</ref> The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the numbers of [[administrative village]]s (totaling 151, all classed as urban ''kelurahan'') in each district, and its postal codes.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Kode <br>Wilayah|| Name of <br />District<br />(''kecamatan'') !! Area <br />in <br /> km<sup>2</sup>!! Pop'n <br /> 2010<br /> Census !! Pop'n <br /> 2020<br />Census!! Pop'n <br /> mid 2023<br />Estimate!!Admin<br>centre!!No.<br>of<br>''kelurahan''||Post<br>codes
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Arcamanik region'''}}{{Center|{{Sund|ᮃᮁᮎᮙᮔᮤᮊ᮪}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.24 || Arcamanik
{{Sund|ᮃᮁᮎᮙᮔᮤᮊ᮪}}
| align="right" |5.87|| align="right" |65,607|| align="right" |77,214|| align="right" |82,025||Cisaranten Kulon
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮞᮛᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪}}
| align="center" | 4||40293 - 40294
|- 
| 32.73.20 || Antapani
{{Sund|ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮕᮔᮤ}}
| align="right" |3.79|| align="right" |72,006|| align="right" |79,260|| align="right" |82,578||Antapani Wetan
{{Sund|ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮤᮕᮒᮤ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪}}
| align="center" | 4||40291
|- 
| 32.73.30 || Mandalajati
{{Sund|ᮙᮔ᮪ᮓᮜᮏᮒᮤ}}
| align="right" |6.67|| align="right" |60,825|| align="right" |71,422|| align="right" |73,821||Karang Pamulang
{{Sund|ᮊᮛᮀ ᮕᮙᮥᮜᮀ}}
| align="center" | 4||40195
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Bojonagara region'''}}{{Center|{{Sund|ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮔᮌᮛ}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.05 || Andir
{{Sund|ᮃᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮁ}}
| align="right" |3.71|| align="right" |94,361|| align="right" |96,262|| align="right" |98,102||Garuda
{{Sund|ᮌᮛᮥᮓ}}
| align="center" | 6||40181 - 40184
|- 
| 32.73.06 || Cicendo
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮎᮦᮔ᮪ᮓᮧ}}
| align="right" |6.86|| align="right" |96,491|| align="right" |92,327|| align="right" |93,549||Arjuna
{{Sund|ᮃᮁᮏᮥᮔ}}
| align="center" | 6||40171 - 40175
|- 
| 32.73.07 || Sukajadi
{{Sund|ᮞᮥᮊᮏᮓᮤ}}
| align="right" |4.30|| align="right" |104,805|| align="right" |100,668|| align="right" |102,000||Sukagalih
{{Sund|ᮞᮥᮊᮌᮜᮤᮂ}}
| align="center" | 5||40161 - 40164
|- 
| 32.73.01 || Sukasari
{{Sund|ᮞᮥᮊᮞᮛᮤ}}
| align="right" |6.27|| align="right" |79,211|| align="right" |74,886|| align="right" |75,877||Sukarasa
{{Sund|ᮞᮥᮊᮛᮞ}}
| align="center" | 4||40151 - 40154
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Cibeunying region'''}}{{Center|{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.09 || Bandung Wétan
{{Sund|ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪}}
| align="right" |3.39|| align="right" |29,807|| align="right" |26,854|| align="right" |27,209||Tamansari
{{Sund|ᮒᮙᮔ᮪ᮞᮛᮤ}}
| align="center" | 3||40114 - 40116
|- 
| 32.73.18 || Cibeunying Kaler
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮜᮦᮁ}}
| align="right" |4.50|| align="right" |68,807|| align="right" |67,104|| align="right" |67,992||Cigadung
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮌᮓᮥᮀ}}
| align="center" | 4||40122 - 40191
|- 
| 32.73.14 || Cibeunying Kidul
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪}}
| align="right" |5.25|| align="right" |104,575|| align="right" |107,389|| align="right" |109,652||Cikutra
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮊᮥᮒᮢ}}
| align="center" | 6||40121 - 40192
|- 
| 32.73.08 || Cidadap
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮓᮓᮕ᮪}}
| align="right" |6.11|| align="right" |56,325|| align="right" |52,702|| align="right" |53,399||Hegarmanah
{{Sund|ᮠᮦᮌᮁᮙᮔᮂ}}
| align="center" | 3||40141 - 40143
|- 
| 32.73.02 || Coblong
{{Sund|ᮎᮧᮘᮣᮧᮀ}}
| align="right" |7.35|| align="right" |127,588|| align="right" |110,205|| align="right" |111,663||Dago
{{Sund|ᮓᮌᮧ}}
| align="center" | 6||40131 - 40135
|- 
| 32.73.19 || Sumur Bandung
{{Sund|ᮞᮥᮙᮥᮁ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ}}
| align="right" |3.40|| align="right" |34,486|| align="right" |34,137|| align="right" |34,589||Merdeka
{{Sund|ᮙᮨᮁᮓᮦᮊ}}
| align="center" | 4||40111 - 40117
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Gedébagé region'''}}{{Center|{{Sund|ᮌᮨᮓᮦᮘᮌᮦ}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.23 || Rancasari
{{Sund|ᮛᮔ᮪ᮎᮞᮛᮤ}}
| align="right" |7.33|| align="right" |72,406|| align="right" |83,655|| align="right" |88,391||Cipamokolan
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮕᮙᮧᮊᮧᮜᮔ᮪}}
| align="center" | 4||40292 - 40295
|- 
| 32.73.27 || Gedébagé
{{Sund|ᮌᮨᮓᮦᮘᮌᮦ}}
| align="right" |9.58|| align="right" |34,299|| align="right" |41,653|| align="right" |44,653||Rancabolang
{{Sund|ᮛᮔ᮪ᮎᮘᮧᮜᮀ}}
| align="center" | 4||40294
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Karéés region'''}}{{Center|{{Sund|ᮊᮛᮦᮆᮞ᮪}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.12 || Batununggal
{{Sund|ᮘᮒᮥᮔᮥᮀᮌᮜ᮪}}
| align="right" |5.03|| align="right" |116,935|| align="right" |115,501|| align="right" |117,030||Gumuruh
{{Sund|ᮌᮥᮙᮥᮛᮥᮂ}}
| align="center" | 8||40271 - 40275
|- 
| 32.73.16 || Kiaracondong
{{Sund|ᮊᮤᮃᮛᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮓᮧᮀ}}
| align="right" |6.12|| align="right" |127,616|| align="right" |126,657|| align="right" |128,333||Babakan Sari
{{Sund|ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮞᮛᮤ}}
| align="center" | 6||40281 - 40285
|- 
| 32.73.13 || Lengkong
{{Sund|ᮜᮦᮀᮊᮧᮀ}}
| align="right" |5.90|| align="right" |69,307|| align="right" |66,231|| align="right" |67,108||Malabar
{{Sund|ᮙᮜᮘᮁ}}
| align="center" | 7||40261 - 40265
|- 
| 32.73.11 || Regol
{{Sund|ᮛᮦᮌᮧᮜ᮪}}
| align="right" |4.30|| align="right" |79,316|| align="right" |79,136|| align="right" |80,183||Ciseureuh
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮞᮩᮛᮩᮂ}}
| align="center" | 7||40251 - 40255
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Kordon region'''}}{{Center|{{Sund|ᮊᮧᮁᮓᮧᮔ᮪}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.21 || Bandung Kidul
{{Sund|ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪}}
| align="right" |6.06|| align="right" |57,398|| align="right" |59,984|| align="right" |61.560||Mengger
{{Sund|ᮙᮦᮀᮌᮦᮁ}}
| align="center" | 4||40256 - 40287
|- 
| 32.73.22 || Buah Batu
{{Sund|ᮘᮥᮃᮂ ᮘᮒᮥ}}
| align="right" |7.93|| align="right" |92,140|| align="right" |100,360|| align="right" |104,255||Margasari
{{Sund|ᮙᮁᮌᮞᮛᮤ}}
| align="center" | 4||40286 - 40287
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Tegalega region'''}}
{{Center|{{Sund|ᮒᮨᮌᮜᮨᮌ}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.15 || Bandung Kulon
{{Sund|ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪}}
| align="right" |6.46|| align="right" |138,644|| align="right" |138,813|| align="right" |140,700||Caringin
{{Sund|ᮎᮛᮤᮍᮤᮔ᮪}}
| align="center" | 8||40211 - 40215
|- 
| 32.73.03 || Babakan Ciparay
{{Sund|ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮎᮤᮕᮛᮚ᮪}}
| align="right" |7.45|| align="right" |143,203|| align="right" |142,440|| align="right" |144,327||Babakan Ciparay
{{Sund|ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮎᮤᮕᮛᮚ᮪}}
| align="center" | 6||40221 - 40227
|- 
| 32.73.04 || Bojongloa Kaler
{{Sund|ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮀᮜᮧᮃ ᮊᮜᮦᮁ}}
| align="right" |3.03|| align="right" |117,218|| align="right" |119,193|| align="right" |121,358||Suka Asih
{{Sund|ᮞᮥᮊ ᮃᮞᮤᮂ}}
| align="center" | 5||40231 - 40233
|- 
| 32.73.17 || Bojongloa Kidul
{{Sund|ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮀᮜᮧᮃ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪}}
| align="right" |6.26|| align="right" |83,600|| align="right" |86,740|| align="right" |88,834||Situsaeur
{{Sund|ᮞᮤᮒᮥᮞᮉᮁ}}
| align="center" | 6||40234 - 40239
|- 
| 32.73.10 || Astana Anyar
{{Sund|ᮃᮞ᮪ᮒᮔ ᮃᮑᮁ}}
| align="right" |2.89|| align="right" |66,658|| align="right" |68,315|| align="right" |69,714||Panjunan
{{Sund|ᮕᮔ᮪ᮏᮩᮔᮔ᮪}}
| align="center" | 6||40241 - 40243
|-
| scope="row" colspan="9"| {{Center|'''Ujungberung region'''}}{{Center|{{Sund|ᮅᮏᮥᮀᮘᮨᮛᮥᮀ}}}}
|- 
| 32.73.25 || [[Cibiru]] 
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮘᮤᮛᮥ}}
| align="right" |6.32|| align="right" |67,412|| align="right" |72,090|| align="right" |74,481||Cipadung
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮕᮓᮥᮀ}}
| align="center" | 4||40614 - 40615
|- 
| 32.73.28 || Panyileukan
{{Sund|ᮕᮑᮤᮜᮩᮊᮔ᮪}}
| align="right" |5.10|| align="right" |37,691|| align="right" |39,892|| align="right" |41,091||Mekar Mulya
{{Sund|ᮙᮨᮊᮁ ᮙᮥᮜ᮪ᮚ}}
| align="center" | 4||40614
|- 
| 32.73.26 || Ujungberung
{{Sund|ᮅᮏᮥᮀᮘᮨᮛᮥᮀ}}
| align="right" |6.40|| align="right" |72,414|| align="right" |87,698|| align="right" |93,939||Cigending
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮌᮨᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮀ}}
| align="center" | 5||40611 - 40619
|- 
| 32.73.29 || Cinambo
{{Sund|ᮎᮤᮔᮙ᮪ᮘᮧ}}
| align="right" |3.68|| align="right" |23,762|| align="right" |25,363|| align="right" |26,190||Pakemitan
{{Sund|ᮕᮊᮨᮙᮤᮒᮔ᮪}}
| align="center" | 4||40296
|}

==Economy==
[[File:Bandung, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia - panoramio (3).jpg|thumb|right|[[Trans Studio Bandung|Trans Studio Mall Bandung]], is the second largest shopping mall in Bandung after ''Paris Van Java Mall''.]]
The city's economy is mainly built upon tourism, business, [https://sttiss.ac.id/berita/detail/uir-terjunkan-29-mahasiswa-dalam-ekspedisi-nusantara-jaya creative industry], high-tech and manufacturing industries, educational institutions, technology, retail services, financial services, pharmaceutical companies, and food production.<ref name="Discover Bandung"/> The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important business and entertainment centre with chic cafés and restaurants spread out along Jalan Dago. In the early 1990s, Jalan Cihampelas became a popular clothing store location and remains so today. Some important shopping malls of the city which are [[Trans Studio Bandung|Trans Studio Mall Bandung]], Summarecon Mall Bandung, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Mall, and 23 Paskal Shopping Center are among the popular shopping centres in Bandung.

Creative culture has shaped specific parts of the city's economy. Small businesses, known as "distro", sell non-[[trademark]]ed products made by local designers. Typical distro products are books, indie label records, magazines, fashion products, and other accessories. Distros are popular with young people and distance themselves from factory outlets in terms of [[philosophy]]. They arise from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products generally come from large-scale garment factories.<ref>{{cite news|title=From Indie to Magic |url=http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0308/22/muda/504835.htm |language=id |newspaper=Kompas |date=22 August 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134336/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0308/22/muda/504835.htm |archive-date=29 September 2007 }}</ref>

The city administration has agreed to substantially develop seven industrial and trade areas for Bandung specialty products.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/179610 |title=Tujuh Sentra Industri Jadi Ciri Bandung 2013 |date=6 March 2012 |access-date=6 March 2012 |archive-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228190752/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/179610 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These include Binong Jati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center, Cigondewah Textile Trade Center, Cihampelas Jeans Trade Center, Suci (T and Oblong) Shirt Industrial Center, Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Center, Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center, Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center.

===Tourism===
[[File:Tulisan dari Pidi Baiq di Terowongan (cropped).jpg|thumb|170px|The Asian-African Street Tunnel is an iconic place in Bandung with quotes about the city's beauty.]]
[[File:Sri Baduga Museum.JPG|thumb|The museum of [[Sri Baduga Museum|Sri Baduga]], whose name is dedicated to the historical figure of [[Sri Baduga Maharaja]].]]
Bandung is a popular [[weekend]] destination for residents of Jakarta. The colder climate of the highland plantation area, variety of food, less expensive [[fashion]] shops located in factory outlets and [[#Economy|distros]], golf courses, and the [[Bandung Zoo|zoo]], are some of the attractions of the city.<ref>Java Experience http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Java_Experience_5297272_5 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508000354/http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Java_Experience_5297272_5 |date=8 May 2006}}</ref> Bandung is also a popular shopping destination due to the cheap textile and fashion products, especially for [[Malaysian people|Malaysian]] and [[Singaporean people|Singaporean]] tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/07/16/malaysians-flock-bandung-shop.html|title=Malaysians flock to Bandung to shop - Thu, July 16, 2009|first=The Jakarta|last=Post|website=The Jakarta Post}}</ref>

In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Jalan Cihampelas, which was transformed into a "jeans street". The city attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wares, as they are cheaper than branded items.<ref>Asia Travel http://www.asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828161046/http://asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html |date=28 August 2006 }}</ref> Beside Jalan Cihampelas, many factory outlets also opened at Jalan Riau, [[Braga Street|Jalan Braga]], Jalan Setiabudi, and Jalan [[Djuanda]] (known as [[Dago, Indonesia|Dago]]). Textile factories on the outskirts of Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what is marketed as ''sisa export'' (rejected or over-produced export quality items).<ref>The Lively Pulse of Bandung {{cite web|url=http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/article.2543.html |title=The Lively Pulse of Bandung -- ThingsAsian Article |access-date=2006-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427183652/http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/article.2543.html |archive-date=27 April 2006 }}</ref>

Significant tourist sites near Bandung include the [[Tangkuban Prahu]] volcano crater to the north, the [[Kawah Putih]] volcano lake, and [[Patenggang Lake]], a lake surrounded by tea plantations about {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=off}} to the south of the city.

To view the Bandung Basin clearly in its mountain surroundings, visitors travel to the Bongkor protected forest area ({{transliteration|id|italic=no|kawasan hutan lindung}}), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of West Manglayang Mountain in an area known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka and Cicaheum to the north. The forest is located in {{convert|1500|m|ft|lk=out|abbr=off}} [[above sea level]] and is covered with pine trees managed by a government corporation [[:id:Perhutani|Perhutani]] and can be accessed with 30 minutes drive from downtown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bumn.go.id/perhutani/berita/0-Pinus-yang-Mengiurkan |title=Pinus yang Mengiurkan |date=21 August 2014 |access-date=1 September 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214814/http://bumn.go.id/perhutani/berita/0-Pinus-yang-Mengiurkan |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/09/01/199603525/The-Wind-Breeze-of-Bongkor-Forest |title=The Wind Breeze of Bongkor Forest |date=1 September 2014}}</ref> Visitors going to the north of the city also find [[Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda]]. The Cicaheum area also hosts ''Bukit Moko'', a tourist spot famous for its views and its steel statue of a giant star called ''Puncak Bintang''. Bandung has several museums that should be visited by tourists, such as the [[Geological Museum of Bandung]], the [[:id:Museum Pos|Indonesia Postal Museum]], [[Sri Baduga Museum]], and the [[Merdeka Building|Asian-African Conference Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sopamena |first=Cornelis Jonathan |title=21 Museum di Bandung, Waktu Operasional dan Harga Tiket |url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6226592/21-museum-di-bandung-waktu-operasional-dan-harga-tiket |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=detikjabar |language=id-ID}}</ref> The city government operates [[Bandros]], a tourist bus, since 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antaranews.com/berita/412009/kota-bandung-resmi-operasikan-bus-wisata-bandros|title=Kota Bandung Resmi Operasikan Bus Wisata "Bandros"|date=January 2014|agency=[[Antara (news agency)|Antara]]|access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Bandung (2023 Census)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandungkota.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjUzIzI=/administrasi-penduduk-menurut-kecamatan-dan-agama.html|title=Administrasi Penduduk menurut Kecamatan dan Agama (Jiwa), 2023}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 92.27
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Protestantism]]
|value2 = 5.09
|color2 = DarkBlue
|label3 = [[Roman Catholic]]
|value3 = 2.11
|color3 = Purple
|label4 = [[Buddhism]]
|value4 = 0.46
|color4 = Gold
|label5 = [[Hinduism]]
|value5 = 0.06
|color5 = DarkOrange
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 0.01
|color6 = Grey
}}

Traditionally, Bandung's population is of [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] descent. [[Javanese people|Javanese]] are the most significant ethnic Indonesian minority and mostly come from the [[Central Java|central]] and [[East Java|the eastern parts of Java]]. Other minorities include [[Minangkabau people|Minang]], [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]], [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]], [[Batak]], [[Malay Indonesian|Malay]], [[Koreans|Korean]], [[Indian people|Indian]], and [[Arabs]]. Bandung's population are mainly Muslims but small communities of Christians, Hindus and Buddhists also exist in the city.
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!2005
!2010
!2015
!2020
!2023
|-
|Population
| align="right"|2,288,570
| align="right"|2,394,873
| align="right"|2,480,615
| align="right"|2,444,160
| align="right"|2,506,603
|-
|Population density (per km<sup>2</sup>)
| align="right"|13,679
| align="right"|14,314
| align="right"|14,826
| align="right"|14,609
| align="right"|14,982
|}
In 2005, the population of Bandung was 2.29 million people with a density of {{pop density|13690|1.000|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>[http://www.indonesia.go.id/id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2566&Itemid=1347 Profil Daerah Jawa Barat] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234603/http://www.indonesia.go.id/id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2566&Itemid=1347 |date=30 December 2013 }}</ref> The May 2010 census enumerated 2.395 million people<ref>http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/bandung/2010/09/01/brk,20100901-275625,id.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531185243/http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/bandung/2010/09/01/brk,20100901-275625,id.html |date=31 May 2014 }} TempoInteraktif: Bandung Kota Terpadat di Jawa Barat</ref> and that of May 2020 enumerated 2.444 million.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> Based on data from [[Statistics Indonesia]], the population of Bandung in mid 2023 was 2,506,603 (comprising 1,259,236 males and 1,247,367 females),<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024"/> making Bandung the [[List of Indonesian cities by population|third-most populous city in Indonesia]].

==Culture==
Bandung is a significant cultural hub in Indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of West Java are [[Sundanese people|ethnically Sundanese]], with [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] often spoken as a first language, and the standard and informal language for communication in streets, school, work, and markets. As in the rest of the country, [[Indonesian language|standard Indonesian]] serves as the ''lingua franca'' and primary language of government, business, media, and formal education.

===Music===
{{Category see also|Musical groups from Bandung}}
[[File:Pertunjukan_Angklung_di_Saung_Angklung_Udjo.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Angklung]] Performance at Saung Angklung Udjo in Bandung.]]
Bandung is one of the cities in Indonesia with a rich musical history, known for traditional instruments such as the [[Angklung]], [[Suling]], and [[Kacapi]], which are commonly used in [[Tembang Sunda]]. Since the Dutch colonial era, Bandung has been the center of music in Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kompasiana.com/ilhamrzqa/6426688608a8b5737c779e32/perkembangan-musik-di-kota-kembang |title=Perkembangan Musik di Kota Kembang |date=31 March 2023 |access-date=27 April 2023 }}</ref> Bandung has notable [[UNESCO]] with creative cities with specially music band is majority founded over there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kwriu.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/unesco-umumkan-bandung-masuk-dalam-jaringan-kota-kreatif/ |title=UNESCO Umumkan Bandung Masuk dalam Jaringan Kota Kreatif |date=12 December 2015 |access-date=30 April 2023 }}</ref>

Bands such as [[Kahitna]], [[The Changcuters]], [[Smash (Indonesian band)|SM*SH]], [[Yovie & Nuno]], [[Noah (band)|Noah]], and [[Project Pop]] were founded and established in Bandung.

===Sports===
[[File:Peparnas XV.jpg|thumb|Opening [[National Sports Week (Indonesia)#Pekan Paralimpik Nasional (National Paralympic Week)|National Paralympic Week]] 2016 (XV) in [[Siliwangi Stadium]] ]]
Bandung is the home of [[Persib Bandung]], a professional football club currently competing in the highest tier of Indonesian football, the ''[[Liga 1 (Indonesia)|Liga 1]]''. Bandung is also home of Prawira Bandung (ex Garuda Bandung), a professional basketball club currently competes in the [[Indonesian Basketball League]], with its home games in the ''GOR Citra Arena''. The roads leading up to [[Lembang]] and [[Dago, Bandung|Dago]] are popular routes for mountain [[cycling]] on weekends, as Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda and Jalan Buah Batu is zoned as [[Pedestrian zone|car-free]] on Sunday mornings.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jabarprov.go.id/en/berita/car-free-day-dago-dan-buahbatu-kembali-hadir-warga-sambut-antusias-12616 |title=Dago and Buahbatu Car Free Day is Back, Residents Welcome it Enthusiastically |access-date=27 May 2024 }}</ref>

Other popular sports in Bandung include [[badminton]] and [[golf]], with several [[golf courses]] surrounding the city.

===Media===
{{See also|List of radio stations in Bandung, Indonesia}}

Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including ''[[Pikiran Rakyat]]'', ''Galamedia'', and ''Tribun Jabar''. Several local television stations operate in Bandung, including [[TVRI]] Jawa Barat (a public regional station serving West Java, which headquartered in the city), Bandung TV, [[MQTV]] and [[Parijz van Java TV|PJTV]]. Many radio stations, such as Ardan FM, KLCBS, MQFM and OZ Radio, [[List of radio stations in Bandung, Indonesia|also broadcast from Bandung]].

The city of Bandung was featured in the 9th and 10th leg of the American reality series ''[[The Amazing Race 23]]''.

==Transport==
 [[File:Bandung Pasupati Skyline.jpg|thumb|220px|right|[[Pasupati Bridge]] is the most famous bridge in Bandung and second-longest bridge in Indonesia.]]
Bandung can be accessed by highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway called [[Cipularang Toll Road]], connecting Jakarta, [[Karawang]], [[Purwakarta]], Padalarang and Bandung, was completed in May 2005, and is the fastest way to reach Bandung from the capital by road. Driving time is about 1.5 hours on average. There are three other options: the Puncak route (Jakarta-[[Cianjur]]/[[Sukabumi]]-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang route (Jakarta-[[Cikampek]]-[[Subang, Indonesia|Subang]]-[[Lembang]]-Bandung). From cities further east ([[Cirebon]], [[Tasikmalaya]] and [[Central Java]] province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road. [[Indonesian National Route 3]] links Bandung with the rest of Java towards [[Cilegon]] and Ketapang ([[Banyuwangi]]).

The [[Pasupati Bridge]] was built to relieve traffic congestion in the city for east–west transport. The {{convert|2.8|km|1|adj=on}} [[cable-stayed bridge]] lies through the Cikapundung Valley. It is {{convert|30|to|60|m|ft|abbr=off}} wide and, after extensive delays, it was finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from [[Kuwait]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kuwait Investasikan 1,5 Milyar Dollar AS di Indonesia|trans-title=Kuwait invested USD 1.5 billion in Indonesia|url=http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0209/14/ekonomi/kuwa14.htm|work=Kompas|language=id|date=14 October 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311083734/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0209/14/ekonomi/kuwa14.htm|archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref> The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive inner-city highways plan.

Bandung has two intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the east. Both are at full capacity and are to be replaced by a new terminal at Gedebage on {{convert|15|ha}} land, after which the old terminals will function as inner-city terminals. The new terminal will be located next to the Gedebage railway station near Gedebage container dry port.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/147232|title=Bappeda Targetkan Studi Kelaikan Terminal Gedebage Selesai Tahun Ini|work=Pikiran Rakyat|date=2 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324152413/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/147232|archive-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>

[[Taxicab|Taxis]] and [[Carpooling]] are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by ''[[Share taxi#Indonesia|angkot]]'' minibuses (from ''angkutan'', "transportation" and ''kota'', "city"); ''angkot'' are privately operated and serve multiple routes throughout the city, and although cheap, they are considered basic and uncomfortable.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bandung.world-guides.com/bandung_travel.html |title=Bandung Transport and Car Rental: Bandung, West Java, Indonesia |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=28 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128060756/http://www.bandung.world-guides.com/bandung_travel.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> To find exact angkot routes, passengers may look for information available through the drivers or at terminals.

Due to the current extent of railway lines in Bandung, only two named regional railway services, ''Lokal Bandung Raya'' and ''Lokal Garut Cibatuan'', are serving the city, serving a single line. It catered for the suburban areas east and west of the city such as [[Cimahi]], [[Padalarang, West Bandung|Padalarang]], Rancaekek, Cicalengka, as well as some other neighbouring towns such as Garut and Purwakarta. KAI Commuter took over the operations of both services from its mother company KAI in 2022, anticipating planned electrification of the route by Ministry of Transport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farozy |first=Ikko Haidar |date=2022-03-28 |title=KAI Commuter Ambil Alih Lokal Bandung dan Surabaya? |url=https://redigest.web.id/2022/03/kai-commuter-ambil-alih-lokal-bandung-dan-surabaya/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Railway Enthusiast Digest |language=id-ID}}</ref>

[[:id:BOSEH|Boseh]] is a dock-based [[bicycle-sharing system]] provided by the Transport Service (''Dinas Perhubungan'') of Bandung.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 June 2020 |title=Dishub Membuka Layanan 'Boseh', Berikut Daftar 23 tempat Peminjaman Sepeda di Kota Bandung - Pikiran-Rakyat.com |language=id |work=[[Pikiran Rakyat]] |url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-01572388/dishub-membuka-layanan-boseh-berikut-daftar-23-tempat-peminjaman-sepeda-di-kota-bandung |access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>

[[File: Metro Jabar Trans at IKEA Kota Baru Parahyangan (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Metro Jabar Trans]] corridor 2D bus stopping at [[IKEA]] Kota Baru Parahyangan]]
Public buses in Bandung and its surrounding urban area are operated by various operators, with a total 16 bus lines currently operating. [[Perum DAMRI|''DAMRI'']] buses used to dominate as the main bus operator serving the city and its surrounding metropolitan area, first operating in the 1970s, with at some point operating more than 10 routes. However, it collapsed in October 2021, leaving 5 routes still operating.<ref>{{cite web |title=Di Tengah Ancaman Bangkrut, Karyawan Damri Bandung Jadi Tersangka Korupsi Rp 1,2 M |url=https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2021/10/29/di-tengah-ancaman-bangkrut-karyawan-damri-bandung-jadi-tersangka-korupsi-rp-12-m |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Tribunjabar.id |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=DAMRI Tak Beroperasi, Dishub Siagakan 60 Armada Trans Metro Bandung |url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/582268/701/damri-tak-beroperasi-dishub-siagakan-60-armada-trans-metro-bandung-1635397839 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=SINDOnews.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> Following the example of TransJakarta, the city government introduced its own BRT system called Trans Metro Bandung on 24 September 2009. By 2022, it served 5 trunk corridors and 1 feeder routes.<ref>{{cite web |last=Putra |first=Wisma |title=TMB Jurusan St Hall-Gunung Batu Mulai Mengaspal di Jalanan Bandung |url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-5933349/tmb-jurusan-st-hall-gunung-batu-mulai-mengaspal-di-jalanan-bandung |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref> Both DAMRI and Trans Metro Bandung buses uses higher deck buses similar to TransJakarta, but could be stopped anywhere along its route and do not run separately from traffic.

[[File:Trans Metro Bandung Corridor 5 Buses at Gedebage Bus Garage.jpg|thumb|Trans Metro Bandung Corridor 5 Buses stopped at [[:id:Gedebage, Bandung|Gedebage]] Bus Garage]]
Provincial government of West Java also operates a bus route called as Safe and Healthy Bus Rapid Transit (shortened Buratas), serving only a single line.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nurulliah |first=Novianti |title=Hore, Ada 10 Bus BRT Layani Leuwipanjang-Majalaya - Pikiran-Rakyat.com |url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-01273352/hore-ada-10-bus-brt-layani-leuwipanjang-majalaya-392237 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com |language=id}}</ref> As part of nationwide bus services modernization program called as Teman Bus, a more disciplined system branded as [[Trans Metro Pasundan]] was introduced by central government's Ministry of Transportation in December 2021. Two operators, Big Bird (part of [[Blue Bird Group]]) and DAMRI operated 5 routes inherited from former DAMRI routes under a contract with Ministry of Transport.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pratama |first=M. Bayu |title=5 Rute Terbaru dan Tarif Bus Trans Metro Pasundan, Resmi Beroperasi untuk Warga Bandung Raya - Pikiran-Rakyat.com |url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-013337156/bus-trans-metro-pasundan-resmi-beroperasi-untuk-warga-bandung-raya-cek-5-rute-terbaru-dan-tarifnya |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com |language=id}}</ref> Introduction of new bus routes in Bandung often faced resistance from ''angkots'' and extortion attempts by so-called local patrons due to perception that their revenues being stolen, leading to blockades and verbal threats against bus drivers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2008-12-22 |title=Lima Bus Jadi Korban Amuk Massa |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2008/12/22/1749171/~Regional~Jawa |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-09 |title=Bus Trans Metro Pasundan di Bandung Dicegat dan Diancam Oknum Sopir Angkot, Videonya Viral |url=https://www.suara.com/news/2022/04/09/191012/bus-trans-metro-pasundan-di-bandung-dicegat-dan-diancam-oknum-sopir-angkot-videonya-viral |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=suara.com |language=id}}</ref> Due to fragmentation of brands and operators, passengers must pay again when transiting to other bus lines or to other modes such as trains. Only Trans Metro Pasundan has integrated tariff, enabling users not to pay again when transferring to other routes within the system.

[[File:Angkot Bandung Sadang Serang-Caringin (cropped).jpg|thumb|An [[Share taxi|Angkot]] serving Sadang Serang to Caringin]]
A more comprehensive plan to revitalize the bus system will be implemented in 2024, extending from the Trans Metro Pasundan project. It would integrate all operators within a single system called Trans Bagja,<ref>{{Cite web |last=disway.id |title=Bus Listrik Resmi Beroperasi di Bandung, 27 Halte Untuk 455 Unit Bus |url=https://disway.id/read/722363/bus-listrik-resmi-beroperasi-di-bandung-27-halte-untuk-455-unit-bus |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=disway.id |language=id}}</ref> with proper Bus Rapid Transit features such as dedicated lanes, frequent bus availability and bus stops.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRMN 03 |first=Tim |title=Ditargetkan 2023 Selesai, BRT Bandung Akan Lintasi 5 Daerah Bandung Raya - Pikiran-Rakyat.com |url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-011529042/ditargetkan-2023-selesai-brt-bandung-akan-lintasi-5-daerah-bandung-raya |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com |language=id}}</ref> The planned system intended to use electric powered buses, both imported and locally produced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VKTR-BUMD Jasa Sarana Kerja Sama Elektrifikasi Bus {{!}} Neraca.co.id |url=https://www.neraca.co.id/article/164558/vktr-bumd-jasa-sarana-kerja-sama-elektrifikasi-bus |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.neraca.co.id}}</ref> Bandung city government also operated a fleet of city tour buses called as Bandung Tour on Bus (shortened Bandros).

{{multiple image
| perrow            = 2
| footer            = Various rail-based means of transport in Bandung; from up to down: [[KAI Commuter Line Bandung|Commuter rail]], [[High-speed rail in Indonesia|HSR]]
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 220
| image1            = Greater Bandung Regional Train in Haurpugur.jpg
| alt1              = Commuter rail
| image2            = KCIC 400-5 with Whoosh logo.jpg
| alt2              = HSR
}}

Bandung has two large railway stations, [[Bandung railway station|Bandung]] and [[Kiaracondong railway station|Kiaracondong Station]]s. Other smaller stations are [[Cimindi railway station|Cimindi]], Andir, [[Ciroyom railway station|Ciroyom]], Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations. Railway lines connect Bandung to [[Cianjur]], Jakarta, [[Purwakarta]], [[Bekasi]], [[Karawang]], and [[Cikampek]] to the west, and [[Surabaya]], [[Malang]], [[Yogyakarta]], and [[Solo, Central Java|Solo]] to the east. The [[High-speed rail in Indonesia|Whoosh high-speed rail]] line currently provides train service from nearby [[Padalarang railway station|Padalarang]] and [[Tegalluar railway station|Tegalluar]] to Jakarta's [[Halim railway station|Halim station]]. Due to constraints, stations serving Bandung are neither within Bandung city centre nor the limits of Bandung city. Instead, a [[KCJB Feeder Train|feeder]] service will ply between [[Padalarang railway station|Padalarang HSR]] station and the main Bandung station, using existing tracks.

===Airport===
Bandung's main airport, [[Husein Sastranegara Airport]] (BDO). The airport is located near the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground. The [[Kertajati International Airport]] in Majalengka Regency was built to replace the Husein Sastranegara Internasional Airport.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/07/24/056893823/Angkasa-Pura-II-Named-Kertajati-Airport-Operator|title=Angkasa Pura II Named Kertajati Airport Operator|newspaper=Tempo|access-date=2017-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/corporate-news/angkasa-pura-ii-operate-kertajati-west-javas-biggest-airport|title=Angkasa Pura II to Operate Kertajati, West Java's Biggest Airport|newspaper=Jakarta Globe|access-date=2017-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725153232/http://jakartaglobe.id/corporate-news/angkasa-pura-ii-operate-kertajati-west-javas-biggest-airport/|archive-date=25 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Redevelopment of the existing Husein Sastranegara Internasional Airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. The new and larger second airport for the Greater Bandung Area; [[Kertajati International Airport]] (KJT) opened in June 2018, just in time for the [[2018 Asian Games]]. On 11 July 2023, Indonesian President [[Joko Widodo]] announced that Husein Sastranegara Internasional Airport will be retired and all commercial flights will be moved to Kertajati starting October 2023 when it is fully operational.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20230711133109-4-453224/warga-bandung-harus-naik-pesawat-via-kertajati-mulai-oktober|title=Warga Bandung Harus Naik Pesawat Via Kertajati Mulai Oktober|website=www.cnbcindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-07-14}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:ITB 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]] (ITB) campus building]]
[[File:Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg|thumb|[[Padjadjaran University]] (UNPAD) rectorate building]]
Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is among the most popular destinations for education in Indonesia. There are hundreds of public and private schools in the city and several state-funded and administered Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri), State High Schools (SMA Negeri) and State Vocational School (SMK). At least sixteen universities—three of which are state-owned—and 45 [[professional schools]] are scattered across the city. Education from social sciences and technology to tourism education can be found at one of these universities.

Among the universities located in Bandung include [[Bandung Institute of Technology]] (''Institut Teknologi Bandung'', ITB), [[Universitas Padjadjaran]] (Padjadjaran University), [[Telkom University]] (Universitas Telkom), [[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)]] (Institut Teknologi Nasional), [[Parahyangan Catholic University]], [[Universitas Islam Bandung]] (Bandung Islamic University), [[Maranatha Christian University|Universitas Kristen Maranatha]] (Maranatha Christian University), Universitas Islam Nusantara (Nusantara Islamic University), [[Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]] (Indonesia University of Education), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Universitas Pasundan (Pasundan University), Politeknik Negeri Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic), and Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bandung (Bandung Institute of Tourism), Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia (Art and culture institute Indonesia) all being considered among the best universities in their respective fields of speciality in Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is Indonesia's oldest and most prestigious technical university. [[Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]] (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954) is one of the first institutions of higher education established after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education university in the country. [[Universitas Padjadjaran]] (established in 1956) is considered to be one of the best universities in the country in the fields of medicine, law, communication, and economics.

International schools are also available in the city. They include the [[Bandung Alliance Intercultural School]], Bandung Independent School, Bandung Japanese School (バンドン日本人学校), [[Bina Bangsa School]] Bandung, Bina Persada School, and Stamford School. In the north of Bandung, [[Bosscha Observatory]] is the only [[observatory]] in Indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published, and in 1959, the observatory was absorbed as a part of the Department of [[Astronomy]] at the Bandung Institute of Technology.

==International relations==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2017}}
{{main|List of twin town and sister cities in Indonesia}}
[[File:Sister city marker Bandung - Liuzhou.jpg|thumb|170px|Monument to the sister-city relationship between Bandung and [[Liuzhou]], China.]]
Several countries have set up their consulates in Bandung, including [[France]], [[Netherlands]], [[Poland]], [[Latvia]], [[Hungary]], [[Austria]], etc.

Bandung has [[Town twinning|sister relationships]] with a number of cities worldwide:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Braunschweig]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]<ref name="Braunschweig twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/partnerstaedte/index.html|title=Braunschweigs Partner und Freundschaftsstädte|access-date=7 August 2013|work=Stadt Braunschweig [City of Braunschweig]|language=de|trans-title=Braunschweig – Partner and Friendship Cities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201122754/http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/partnerstaedte/partner_freundschaftsstaedte.html|archive-date=1 December 2012}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|PHL}} [[Cotabato City]], [[Maguindanao del Norte]], [[Philippines]]
*{{flagicon|USA}}  [[Fort Worth, Texas]],  [[United States]]<ref name=SCI>{{cite web|title=Fort Worth|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Fort%20Worth,%20Texas|work=[[Sister Cities International]]|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144255/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Fort%20Worth,%20Texas|archive-date=13 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hamamatsu]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]], [[Japan]]
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Hangzhou]], [[Zhejiang]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuantan]], [[Pahang]], [[Malaysia]]
*{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bandungkita.id/2019/09/21/sarawak-malaysia-jajaki-kerjasama-sister-city-dengan-kota-bandung/|title=Sarawak Malaysia Jajaki Kerjasama Sister City dengan Kota Bandung|trans-title=Sarawak Malaysia Establish Sister City Co-operation with Bandung City|author=M Zezen Zainal M|language=id|publisher=Bandung Kita|date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926030359/https://bandungkita.id/2019/09/21/sarawak-malaysia-jajaki-kerjasama-sister-city-dengan-kota-bandung/|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.galamedianews.com/bandung-raya/234505/sarawak-malaysia-ajak-kota-bandung-jadi-sister-city.html|title=Sarawak Malaysia Ajak Kota Bandung Jadi Sister City|trans-title=Sarawak Malaysia Invites Bandung City To Become Sister City|author=Brilliant Awal|language=id|publisher=Gala Media News|date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926030659/http://www.galamedianews.com/bandung-raya/234505/sarawak-malaysia-ajak-kota-bandung-jadi-sister-city.html|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sistercitiesaustralia.com/las-vegas-and-bandung-bridging-cultures-across-the-globe/ |title=Sutardja & TF Indonesia|work=sistercitiesaustralia.com
|access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Liuzhou]], [[Guangxi]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (State)]], [[Australia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pojoksatu.id/bandung/2023/04/05/dprd-kota-bandung-restui-sister-city-kota-bandung-dan-melbourne/ |title=DPRD Kota Bandung Restui Sister City Kota Bandung dan Melbourne |work=pojoksatu.id |access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Namur]], [[Belgium]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/113008/namur-bandung-ink-sister-city-partnership|title=Namur, Bandung ink sister-city partnership|date=11 October 2017|website=Antara News}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|INA}} [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]], [[Indonesia]]
*{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Petaling Jaya]], [[Selangor]], [[Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.starproperty.my/PropertyScene/TheStarOnlineHighlightBox/24106/0/0 |title=A second sister city for PJ |work=starproperty.my |access-date=11 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811212547/http://www.starproperty.my/PropertyScene/TheStarOnlineHighlightBox/24106/0/0 |archive-date=11 August 2012}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Suwon]], [[Gyeonggi-do]], [[South Korea]]
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Tianjin]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{flagicon|THA}} [[Udon Thani]], [[Udon Thani Province]], [[Thailand]]
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Yingkou]], [[Liaoning]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Tutong (town)|Pekan Tutong]], [[Tutong District|Tutong]], [[Brunei Darussalam]]
{{div col end}}

==Notable people==
{{main category|People from Bandung}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Indonesia}}
* [[List of colonial buildings in Bandung|Colonial architecture of Bandung]]
* [[Bandung metropolitan area]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite report |last=Fleming |first=Tom |date=29 March 2021 |title=Indonesia: Bandung |url=https://www.britishcouncil.id/sites/default/files/d3_cultural_cities_indonesia_bandung.pdf |series=Cultural Cities Profile East Asia |location=Jakarta |publisher=[[British Council|British Council Indonesia]] |docket= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714141833/https://www.britishcouncil.id/sites/default/files/d3_cultural_cities_indonesia_bandung.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=7 April 2025}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bandung}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Bandung}}
* [http://bandung.go.id The official website of Bandung Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403201934/https://bandung.go.id/ |date=3 April 2019 }}

{{Geographic location
 | Center =Bandung
 | North = ''[[Lembang]]'', [[West Bandung Regency]]
 | Northeast = ''Cimenyan'', [[Bandung Regency]]
 | East = ''Cileunyi'', Bandung Regency
 | Southeast = ''Rancaekek'', Bandung Regency
 | South = ''Bojongsoang'', Bandung Regency
 | Southwest = ''Margaasih'', Bandung Regency
 | West = [[Cimahi]]
 | Northwest = ''Parongpong'', West Bandung Regency
}}

{{West Java}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Articles related to Bandung
| list  = 
{{Provincial capitals in Indonesia}}
{{Most populous cities in Indonesia}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bandung| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Populated places in West Java]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Citarum basin]]