View source for Banten

{{Short description|Province in Java, Indonesia}}
{{other uses}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Banten
| native_name        = 
| official_name      = Province of Banten<br>{{nobold|{{lang|id|Provinsi Banten}}}}
| nickname           = {{nativename|su|Tatar Wahanten}} <br> {{Sund|ᮒᮒᮁ ᮝᮠᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪}} <br>"Land of Banten"{{force singular}}
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Banten.svg
| shield_link = #Coat of arms
| shield_size        = 
| image_flag         = 
| flag_size          = 
| image_map          = Banten in Indonesia.svg
| motto              = {{lang|id|Iman Taqwa}}<br />"Faith and Piety"{{force singular}}
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = {{centre|{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=red}} '''Banten''' in {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} '''[[Indonesia]]'''}}
| coordinates        = {{coord|6|30|S|106|15|E|region:ID_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| settlement_type    = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Java]]
| seat_type          = Capital
| seat               = [[Serang]]
| seat1_type         = Largest city
| seat1              = [[Tangerang]]
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 4 October 2000
| founder            = 
| named_for          = 
| government_footnotes = 
| governing_body     = Banten Provincial Government
| leader_title       = [[List of current Indonesian governors|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Andra Soni]] ([[Gerindra Party|Gerindra]])
| leader_title2      = Vice Governor
| leader_name2       = [[Achmad Dimyati Natakusumah]]
| leader_title3      = [[Regional House of Representatives|Legislature]]
| leader_name3       = [[:id:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Banten|Banten Regional House of Representatives]] (DPRD)
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 9352.77
| area_note          = 
| area_rank          = [[Provinces of Indonesia|34th in Indonesia]]
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_max_ft   = 6329
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Halimun]]
| population_total   = 12431390
| population_as_of   = mid 2024 estimate
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Banten Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.36)</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank    = 5th in Indonesia
| population_note    = 
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|Ethnic groups]] {{nobold|(2010)}}<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web |url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html|title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia|format=PDF|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=9 September 2021|pages=36–41|archive-date=2021-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508052427/https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics1_info1 = 63,43% [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]]<br>16,03% [[Javanese people|Javanese]]<br>12,88% [[Betawi people|Betawi]]<br>7.66% [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|others]]
| timezone1          = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Western Time]]
| utc_offset1        = +7
| geocode            = 
| iso_code           = ID-BT
| demographics1_title2 = [[Religion in Indonesia|Religion]] {{Nobold|(2014)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biropemerintahan.bantenprov.go.id/read/informasi-berkala/43/laporan-penduduk-berdasarkan-agama-provinsi-banten-semester-i-tahun-2014.html|title=Laporan Penduduk Berdasarkan Agama Provinsi Banten Semester I Tahun 2014|publisher=Biro Pemerintahan Provinsi Banten|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331102147/https://biropemerintahan.bantenprov.go.id/read/informasi-berkala/43/laporan-penduduk-berdasarkan-agama-provinsi-banten-semester-i-tahun-2014.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| demographics1_info2 = 94.62% [[Islam in Indonesia|Islam]]
{{Tree list}}
*3.94% [[Christianity in Indonesia|Christianity]]
**2.65% [[Protestantism in Indonesia|Protestantism]]
**1.29%[[Catholicism in Indonesia|Catholicism]]
{{Tree list/end}}
1.30% [[Buddhism in Indonesia|Buddhism]]<br />0.10%[[Hinduism in Indonesia|Hinduism]]<br />0.04% [[Religion in Indonesia|other]] (including [[Confucianism in Indonesia|Confucianism]], [[Sunda Wiwitan]], etc.)
| demographics1_title3 = [[Languages of Indonesia|Languages and dialects]]
| demographics1_info3 = [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (official)<br />[[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] (native)<br />[[Javanese language|Javanese]]<br />[[Betawi language|Betawi]]
| blank_name         = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (nominal)
| blank_info         = 2022<ref name="bpsdata2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pusat Statistik |author-link=Statistics Indonesia |year=2023 |title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2020–2022 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/52/286/1/-seri-2010-produk-domestik-regional-bruto-.html |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |location=Jakarta |language=id}}</ref>
| blank1_name        = &nbsp;- Total
| blank1_info        = [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 747.3&nbsp;trillion ([[List of Indonesian provinces by GDP|8th]])<br>[[USD|US$]] 50.3&nbsp;billion<br>[[Int$]] 157.0&nbsp;billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank2_name        = &nbsp;- Per capita
| blank2_info        = [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 61.00&nbsp;million ([[List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita|15th]])<br>[[USD|US$]]&nbsp;4,107<br>[[Int$]]  12,817&nbsp;([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank3_name        = &nbsp;- Growth
| blank3_info        = {{Increase}} 5.03%<ref name="bappenas2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pembangunan Nasional |author-link=Ministry of National Development Planning (Indonesia) |year=2023 |title=Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan |url=https://simreg.bappenas.go.id/home/pemantauan/lpe |publisher=Badan Pembangunan Nasional |location=Jakarta |language=id}}</ref>
| blank4_name        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2024)
| blank4_info        = {{increase}} 0.764<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2024/11/15/2296/indeks-pembangunan-manusia--ipm--indonesia-tahun-2024-mencapai-75-02--meningkat-0-63-poin-atau-0-85-persen-dibandingkan-tahun-sebelumnya-yang-sebesar-74-39-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2024|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]]|date=2024|language=id|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref> ([[List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index|7th]]) – <span style=color:#090>high</span>
| website            = {{URL|bantenprov.go.id}}
| footnotes          = 
| other_name         = 
| image_map1         = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe
|frame-width=250
|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
| population_demonym = [[Sundanese people]] with [[Bantenese people|Bantenese sub ethnict]]
}}

'''Banten''' ({{langx|su|{{Sund|ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪}}|banten}}, [[Pegon alphabet|Pegon]]: بنتن) is the westernmost [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] on the island of [[Java]], [[Indonesia]]. Its capital city is [[Serang]] and its largest city is [[Tangerang]]. The province borders [[West Java]] and the [[Special Capital Region of Batavia|Special Capital Region of Jakarta]] on the east, the [[Java Sea]] on the north, the [[Indian Ocean]] on the south, and the [[Sunda Strait]] (which separates Java from the neighbouring island of [[Sumatra]]) on the west and shares a maritime border with  [[Lampung]] to the west. The province covers an area of {{cvt|9,352.77|km2}}. It had a population of over 11.9 million in the [[2020 Indonesian census|2020 census]],<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> up from about 10.6 million in [[2010 Indonesian census|2010]].<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> The estimated mid-2024 population was 12,431,390, still increasing by about 106,000 people per year.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Banten Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.36)</ref> Formerly part of the province of [[West Java]], Banten was split off to become a separate province on 17 October 2000.

The northern half (particularly the eastern areas near Jakarta and the Java Sea coast) has recently experienced rapid rises in population and [[Urbanization in Indonesia|urbanization]], and the southern half (especially the region facing the [[Indian Ocean]]) has a more traditional character but an equally fast-rising population.

Present-day Banten was part of the Sundanese [[Tarumanagara|Tarumanagara kingdom]] from the fourth to the seventh centuries AD. After the fall of Tarumanegara, it was controlled by [[Hindus|Hindu]]-[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] kingdoms such as the [[Srivijaya]] Empire and the [[Sunda Kingdom]]. The [[Spread of Islam in Indonesia|spread of Islam]] in the region began in the 15th century; by the late 16th century, [[Islam]] had replaced Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion in the province, with the establishment of the [[Banten Sultanate]]. European traders began arriving in the region{{snd}}first the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], followed by the [[British people|British]] and the [[Dutch people|Dutch]]. The [[Dutch East India Company]], VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie), finally controlled the regional economy, gradually weakening the Banten Sultanate. On 22 November 1808, Dutch [[Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies|Governor-General]] [[Herman Willem Daendels]] declared that the Sultanate of Banten had been absorbed into the [[Dutch East Indies]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ekspedisi Anjer-Panaroekan, Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas|date=November 2008|publisher=Penerbit Buku Kompas, PT Kompas Media Nusantara, Jakarta Indonesia|isbn=978-979-709-391-4|pages=1–2}}</ref> This began the [[Bantam Residency]], 150 years of direct Dutch rule. In March 1942, the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] invaded the Indies and [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|occupied the region]] for three years before their August 1945 [[Surrender of Japan|surrender]]. The region was returned to Dutch control for the next five years before the Dutch left and it was ruled by the [[Government of Indonesia|Indonesian government]]. Banten  became part of the province of West Java, but separatist efforts led to the creation of the separate province of Banten in October 17, 2000.<ref name="Britannica2">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Banten|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|first=Virginia|last=Gorlinski|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Banten-province-Indonesia}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name "Banten" has several possible origins. The first is from the [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] phrase ''katiban inten,'' which means "struck down by diamonds". The phrase comes from the history of the [[Bantenese people]], who were [[Animism|animists]] before adopting [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]]. After [[Islam]] began to spread in Banten, the community began to recognize and embrace Islam. The spread of Islam in Banten is described as being "struck down by diamonds".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Banten|first=BPCB|date=2017-02-28|title=Banten, arti kata dan toponimi|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbbanten/banten-arti-kata-dan-toponimi/|access-date=2019-03-16|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Banten|language=en-US}}</ref>

Another origin story is that the [[Hinduism in Indonesia|Indonesian Hindu]] god [[Batara Guru]] traveled from east to west, arriving at Surasowan (present-day [[Serang]]). When he arrived, Batara Guru sat on a stone which became known as ''watu gilang''. The stone glowed, and was presented to the king of Surasowan. Surasowan was reportedly surrounded by a clear, star-like river, and was described as a ring covered with diamonds ([[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]: ''ban inten''). This evolved into "banten".<ref name=":0" />

Another possibility is that "Banten" comes from the [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] word ''bantahan'' (rebuttal), because the local Bantenese people resisted the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonial government]].<ref name=":0" /> The word "Banten" appeared before the establishment of the [[Banten Sultanate]] as the [[Ci Banten|name of a river]]. The high plains on its banks were called ''Cibanten Girang'', shortened to ''Banten Girang'' (Upper Banten). Based on research in Banten Girang, the area has been settled since the 11th and 12th centuries.<ref>Guillot, Claude, Lukman Nurhakim, Sonny Wibisono, "La principauté de Banten Girang", ''Archipel'', 1995, Volume 50, No. 50, pp. 13-24.</ref> During the 16th century, the region developed rapidly towards Serang and the northern coast. The coastal area later became the Sultanate of Banten, founded by [[Sunan Gunungjati|Sunan Gunung Jati]], which controlled almost all of the former [[Sunda Kingdom]] in West Java. [[Sunda Kelapa]] ([[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]]) was captured by the Dutch, and [[Cirebon]] and the [[Parahyangan|Parahiyangan]] region were captured by the [[Mataram Sultanate]]. The Banten Sultanate was later converted into a [[Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies|residency]] by the Dutch.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==

=== Early history{{anchor|Pre-colonial era}} ===
[[File:Bird’s-eye View of the City of Bantam de Bry.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Bird's-eye view of the town of [[Banten (town)|Banten]] in 1599]]
[[File:Maulana Hasanuddin of Banten.jpg|thumb|upright|With his father, [[Sunan Gunungjati]], Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin founded the [[Banten Sultanate|Sultanate of Banten]].]]

During the fifth century, Banten was part of the kingdom of [[Tarumanagara]]. The fourth-century [[Cidanghiang inscription|Lebak inscription]], discovered in 1947 in a lowland village on the Cidanghiyang River in {{Interlanguage link|Munjul, Pandeglang|id}}, contains two lines of [[Sanskrit]] poetry in the [[Pallawa script]]<ref>OV (Oudheidkundige Verslag) 1949; 1950:20</ref> which describes life in the kingdom under the reign of [[Purnawarman]].<ref name="Soekmono">{{Cite book |last=Soekmono |first=Raden |title=Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia |date=1973 |publisher=Kanisius |isbn=9794131741 |edition=5th reprint |location=Yogyakarta |pages=36  |oclc=884261720}}</ref> The kingdom collapsed after an attack by [[Srivijaya]], and western Java became part of the [[Sunda Kingdom]]. In the Chinese ''[[Chu-fan-chi]]'', written around 1225, [[Chou Ju-kua]] wrote that Srivijaya ruled Sumatra, the Malay peninsula, and western Java during the early 13th century. ''Chu-fan-chi'' identified the port of Sunda as strategic and thriving, with [[Black pepper|pepper]] from Sunda among the highest quality. The population were made up of farmers, and their houses were built on wooden poles (''rumah panggung''). Robbery, however, was common.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Soekmono |first=Raden |title=Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia |date=1973 |publisher=Kanisius |isbn=9794131741 |edition=5th reprint |location=Yogyakarta |pages=60 |oclc=884261720}}</ref>

According to Portuguese explorer [[Tome Pires]], Bantam ([[Banten (town)|Banten]]) was an important early-16th-century port in the Kingdom of Sunda along with the ports of [[Pontang]], Cheguide (Cigede), Tangaram ([[Tangerang]]), Calapa ([[Sunda Kelapa]]) and Chimanuk (on the [[Manuk River|Cimanuk river]] estuary).<ref>{{cite book|title=Sumber-sumber asli sejarah Jakarta, Jilid I: Dokumen-dokumen sejarah Jakarta sampai dengan akhir abad ke-16|last=Heuken|first=A.| publisher=Cipta Loka Caraka| year=1999| page=34}}</ref> In 1527, as the Portuguese fleet arrived off the coast, newly-converted [[Javanese people|Javanese]] [[Islam in Indonesia|Muslims]] under [[Sunan Gunungjati]] captured the port of Banten and the surrounding area from the Sundanese and established the [[Sultanate of Banten]]. According to Portuguese historian [[João de Barros]], [[Old Banten|Banten]] was the center of the sultanate and a major [[Southeast Asia]]n port (rivaling [[Malacca]] and [[Makassar]]). The town of Banten was in the middle of the bay, about {{cvt|3|mi}} across. It was 850 [[fathom]]s in length. A river, navigable by [[Djong (ship)|junks]], flowed through the center of the town; a small tributary extended to the town's edge. The present-day river is smaller, and only navigable by small boats. A fortress near the town had brick walls seven [[Palm (unit)|palms]] thick. Armed, wooden defence buildings were two stories high. The town square was used for military activities and folk art, with a market in the morning. The palace was on the south side of the square. Next to the palace is a tall, flat-roofed building known as Srimanganti, which was used by the king to meet his subjects. West of the square is the [[Great Mosque of Banten]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

=== Colonial era ===
[[File:Drie krijgers van Bantam, 1596, RP-P-OB-80.252.jpg|thumb|alt=Late-16th-century print of five warriors with weapons|Warriors of Banten in 1596]]
[[File:Herman Willem Daendels.png|thumb|upright|alt=Formal painting of Herman Willem Daendels|In 1808, Dutch [[Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies|Governor-general]] [[Herman Willem Daendels]] ordered the annexation of the [[Banten Sultanate]]. This marked the end of the four-century-old sultanate and the beginning of 150 years of [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch rule]] in the region.]]

When the Dutch arrived in Indonesia, the Portuguese had long been in Banten. The English established a [[Factory (trading post)|factory]] in Banten, followed by the Dutch. The French and the Danish also came to trade in Banten. In the competition among European traders, the Dutch emerged victorious. The Portuguese left Banten in 1601 after their fleet was destroyed by the Dutch off the coast during the [[Dutch–Portuguese War]].{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

In 16th century, Chinese junk ships regularly traded with Jambi, Patani, Siam and Cambodia.<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BjHgDwAAQBAJ&dq=jambi+dutch+siamese+junks&pg=PT83 |title=European Commercial Expansion in Early Modern Asia |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-93871-6 |editor-last=Prakash |editor-first=Om |series=An Expanding World: The European Impact on World History, 1450 to 1800 |location= |page= |quote=... Leur' estimate China sent out four junks to Batavia, four to Cambodia, three to Siam, one to Patani, one to Jambi, ... However, the Dutch established some control over the Chinese trade only after the destruction of Macassar in 1667 ...}}</ref> Local Muslim women who dealt in the cloth trade willingly married Han Chinese men in Palembang and Jambi and also local Muslim women in Banten married Han Chinese men. The Han Chinese men usually converted to Islam to please their Muslim wives.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ma |first=Debin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=03BQDwAAQBAJ&dq=jambi+chinese&pg=PA244 |title=Textiles in the Pacific, 1500–1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-89561-3 |edition=reprint |series=The Pacific World: Lands, Peoples and History of the Pacific, 1500-1900 |location= |page=244 |quote=The Chinese, on the other hand, "bought wives" when they arrived, and, as one observer noted in Banten, these women "served them until they returned to China." In Jambi and Palembang most Chinese adopted Islam and married local women, ...}}</ref>

Although the Dutch won the war, they preserved the [[Banten Sultanate]]. The maritime sultanate relied on trade, and the pepper monopoly in [[Lampung]] made the Banten authorities intermediaries. The sultanate grew rapidly, becoming a commercial center.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Untoro |first=Heriyanti Ongkodharma |title=Kapitalisme pribumi awal Kesultanan Banten, 1522-1684 : kajian arkeologi ekonomi |date=2007 |publisher=Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya UI |isbn=978-979-8184-85-7 |edition=1st |location=Depok |language=id |oclc=271724805}}</ref> As sea trade increased throughout the archipelago, Banten became a multi-ethnic region. Assisted by the British, Danish and Chinese, Banten traded with [[Persia]], [[India]], [[Siam]], [[Vietnam]], [[Philippines|the Philippines]], [[China]] and [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ishii |first=Yoneo |title=The junk trade from Southeast Asia : translations from the Tôsen fusetsu-gaki, 1674-1723 |date=1998 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=981-230-022-8 |location=Singapore |oclc=40418802}}</ref> The reign of Sultan [[Ageng Tirtayasa of Banten|Ageng Tirtayasa]] was the sultanate's height.<ref>Nana Supriatna, ''Sejarah'', PT Grafindo Media Pratama, {{ISBN|979-758-601-4}}.</ref> Under his reign, Banten had one of the strongest navies in the region, built to European standards with help from European shipbuilders and attracted Europeans to the sultanate.<ref name="Ambary">{{Cite book |last=Guillot |first=C. |title=The Sultanate of Banten |date=1990 |publisher=Gramedia Book Pub. Division |others=Hasan Muarif Ambary, Jacques Dumarçay |isbn=979-403-922-5 |location=Jakarta, Indonesia |oclc=23812664}}</ref> To secure its shipping lanes, Banten sent its fleet to [[Sukadana]] (the present-day [[Ketapang Regency]] in [[West Kalimantan]]) and conquered it in 1661.<ref name="Ota">{{Cite journal |last=Ota |first=Atsushi |date=25 June 2003 |title=Banten Rebellion, 1750-1752: Factors behind the Mass Participation |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026749X03003044/type/journal_article |journal=Modern Asian Studies |language=en |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=613–651 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X03003044 |issn=0026-749X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Banten also tried to escape the pressure of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC), which had blockaded incoming merchant ships.<ref name="Ambary" />

A power struggle developed around 1680 between [[Ageng Tirtayasa of Banten|Ageng Tirtayasa]] and his son, [[Abu an-Nasr of Banten|Abu Nashar Abdul Qahar]] (also known as Sultan Haji). The disagreement was exploited by the VOC, who supported Haji and causing a civil war. Strengthening his position, Haji sent two envoys to meet King [[Charles II of England]] in [[London]] in 1682 to obtain support and weapons.<ref name="Titik">{{Cite book |last=Pudjiastuti |first=Titik |title=Perang, dagang, persahabatan : surat-surat Sultan Banten |date=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia |isbn=978-979-461-650-5 |edition=1st |location=Jakarta |oclc=228631545}}</ref> In the ensuing war, Ageng withdrew from his palace to Tirtayasa (present-day [[Tangerang]]); on 28 December 1682, the region was seized by Haji with Dutch assistance. Ageng and his other sons, Pangeran Purbaya and Syekh Yusuf from [[Makassar]], retreated to the southern Sunda interior. On 14 March 1683, Sultan Ageng was captured and imprisoned in [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

The VOC continued to pursue and suppress Sultan Ageng's followers, led by Prince Purbaya and Sheikh Yusuf. On 5 May 1683, the VOC sent Lieutenant [[Untung Surapati]] and his Balinese troops, joining forces led by VOC Lieutenant Johannes Maurits van Happel to subdue the {{Interlanguage link|Pamotan|id|Pamotan, Rembang}} and [[Dayeuhluhur]] regions; on 14 December 1683, they captured Sheikh Yusuf.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azra |first=Azyumardi |title=The origins of Islamic reformism in Southeast Asia : networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'Ulama' in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries |date=2004 |publisher=Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen & Unwin |isbn=1-74114-261-X |location=Crows Nest, New South Wales |oclc=54998728}}</ref> Heavily outnumbered, Prince Purbaya surrendered. Surapati was ordered by Captain Johan Ruisj to pick up Purbaya and bring him to Batavia. They met with VOC forces led by Willem Kuffeler, but a dispute between them destroyed Kuffeler's forces; Surapati and his followers became fugitives from the VOC.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Ann |title=Surapati : man and legend : a study of three Babad traditions |date=1976 |publisher=E.J. Brill |isbn=90-04-04364-0 |location=Leiden |oclc=3554749}}</ref>

[[File:Banten-city-Java-1724.jpg|thumb|alt=Aerial view of the town of Banten|[[François Valentijn]]'s painting of Banten in 1694]]
Lampung was given to the VOC on 12 March 1682 by Sultan Haji as compensation for the company's support, and a 22 August 1682 letter gave the VOC the province's pepper monopoly.<ref>Amir Hendarsah, ''Cerita Kerajaan Nusantara'', Great! Publisher, {{ISBN|602-8696-14-5}}.</ref> The sultanate also had to reimburse the VOC for losses caused by the war.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Poesponegoro |first=Marwati Djoened |title=Sejarah nasional Indonesia |date=2008 |publisher=Balai Pustaka |isbn=978-979-407-407-7 |edition=Updated |location=Jakarta |oclc=435629543}}</ref> After Sultan Haji's death in 1687, the VOC's influence in the sultanate began to increase; the appointment of a new sultan required the approval of the governor-general in Batavia. Sultan Abu Fadhl Muhammad Yahya ruled for about three years before he was replaced by his brother, Pangeran Adipati (Sultan Abul Mahasin Muhammad Zainul Abidin). The civil war in Banten left instability for the next government, due to dissatisfaction with the VOC's interference in local affairs.<ref name="Ota" /> Popular resistance peaked again at the end of the reign of Sultan Abul Fathi Muhammad Syifa Zainul Arifin. The sultan sought VOC assistance against the rebellion, and Banten became a [[vassal state]] of the company in 1752.<ref name="Ota2">{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=Atsushi |title=Changes of regime and social dynamics in West Java : society, state, and the outer world of Banten, 1750-1830 |date=2006 |publisher=Brill |isbn=90-04-15091-9 |location=Leiden |oclc=62755670}}</ref>

In 1808, at the peak of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Governor-general [[Herman Willem Daendels]] ordered the construction of the [[Great Post Road]] to defend Java from British attack.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pramono |first=Sidik |title=Ekspedisi Anjer-Panaroekan : laporan jurnalistik Kompas : 200 tahun Anjer-Panaroekan, jalan untuk perubahan. = Expeditie Anjer-Panaroekan : journalistiek verslag van Kompas |date=2008 |publisher=Penerbit Buku Kompas |others=Penerbit Buku Kompas |isbn=978-979-709-391-4 |location=Jakarta |pages=1–2 |oclc=298706775}}</ref> Daendels ordered the sultan of Banten to move his capital to [[Anyer]] and provide labor to build a port in [[Ujung Kulon National Park|Ujung Kulon]]. The sultan defied Daendels' order, and Daendels ordered an attack on Banten and the destruction of Surosowan Palace. The sultan and his family were held in the palace before their imprisonment in Fort Speelwijk. Sultan Abul Nashar Muhammad Ishaq Zainulmutaqin was then exiled to Batavia. On 22 November 1808, Daendels announced from his [[Serang]] headquarters that the sultanate had been absorbed into the [[Dutch East Indies]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kartodirdjo |first=Sartono |title=The peasants' revolt of Banten in 1888 : its conditions, course and sequel : a case study of social movements in Indonesia. |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |year=1966 |isbn=978-94-017-6357-8 |jstor=10.1163/j.ctt1w76vfh |oclc=652424455 |author-link=Sartono Kartodirdjo |jstor-access=free}}</ref> The sultanate was abolished in 1813 by the British after the [[Invasion of Java (1811)|invasion of Java]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=Robert |title=Historical dictionary of Indonesia |last2=Kahin |first2=Audrey |date=2004 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-4935-6 |edition=2nd |location=Lanham, Maryland. |oclc=53793487}}</ref> That year, Sultan Muhammad bin Muhammad Muhyiddin Zainussalihin was disarmed and forced to abdicate by [[Stamford Raffles|Thomas Stamford Raffles]]; this ended the sultanate. After the British returned Java to the Dutch in 1814 as part of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]], Banten became a ''residentie'' (residency) of the Dutch East Indies.<ref name="Britannica2" />

=== Japanese occupation and independence ===
[[File:Aankomst Romushas uit Japan in Nederlands-Indië, Bestanddeelnr 901-9655.jpg|thumb|alt=A large group of young men|[[Rōmusha]] after their liberation by the Dutch. Thousands of labourers died during the construction of the Saketi–Bayah railway under Japanese occupation.]]
The [[Empire of Japan]] [[Invasion of the Dutch East Indies|invaded the East Indies]], expelling the Dutch, and occupied Banten in March 1942. During their [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|three years of occupation]], the Japanese built the [[Saketi–Bayah railway]] in southern [[Lebak Regency|Lebak]] to transport [[brown coal]] from the Bayah mines. The project involved a workforce of about 1,000 [[rōmusha]] (local forced labourers) and a few engineers and technicians (mainly Dutch), supervised by the Japanese.<ref name="Poeze2">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9wKybaY9_1gC&pg=PA152|title=Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empires|last=Poeze|first=Harry A.|publisher=M.E.Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-3335-4|editor-last=Kratoska|editor-first=Paul H.|place=Armonk, New York|pages=152–178|chapter=The Road to Hell: Construction of a Railway Line in West Java during the Japanese Occupation}}</ref> The rōmusha working in the mines were taken from [[Central Java|Central]] and [[East Java]], the railway rōmusha were primarily from Banten. The construction took 12 million human days over 14 months.<ref name="Sato19942">{{cite book |author=Shigeru Sato |title=War, Nationalism and Peasants: Java Under the Japanese Occupation, 1942–1945 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7656-3907-3 |pages=179–186 |chapter=The Bayah-Saketi Railway Construction |oclc=1307467455 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woKPV5uVxU0C&pg=PA179}}</ref> Working conditions were harsh due to food shortages, lack of medical care, and the tropical climate.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bruin |first1=Jan de |title=Het Indische spoor in oorlogstijd : de spoor- en tramwegmaatschappijen in Nederlands-Indië in de vuurlinie, 1873-1949 |last2=de Jager |first2=Henk |date=2003 |publisher=Uquilair |isbn=90-71513-46-7 |edition=1st |location='s-Hertogenbosch |pages=119–122 |language=nl |oclc=66720099}}</ref> Casualties are estimated at 20,000 to 60,000, not including mine workers.<ref name="Poeze2" />

After [[Surrender of Japan|Japan surrendered]] in August 1945, the Dutch East Indies [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared independence]] as the Republic of Indonesia. This was opposed by the returning Dutch, resulting in the [[Indonesian war of independence]]. During the war, Banten remained under Indonesian control. On 26 February 1948, the State of West Java ({{langx|id|Negara Jawa Barat}}, {{langx|su|Negara Jawa Kulon}}) was established; on 24 April 1948, it was renamed [[State of Pasundan|Pasundan]]. Pasundan became a [[Federated state|federal state]] of the [[United States of Indonesia]] in 1949, and was incorporated into the [[Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950)|Republic of Indonesia]] on 11 March 1950.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id-4550.html|title = United States of Indonesia}}</ref>

After Indonesian independence, Banten became part of the province of [[West Java]]. Separatist sentiment led to the creation of the province of Banten in October 17, 2000.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Banten |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |first=Virginia |last=Gorlinski |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Banten-province-Indonesia}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Tanjung Lesung Beach.jpg|thumb|alt=Seashore under an orange-and-blue sky|[[Tanjung Lesung]] beach, [[Pandeglang Regency|Pandegelang Regency]]]]
[[File:Rhizopora stylosa Found in Mangrove of Cilintang, Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Banten.jpg|thumb|alt=Trees submerged in water|Mangrove forest in [[Ujung Kulon National Park]]]]
Banten lies between 5°7'50" and 7°1'11" south latitude and 105°1'11" and 106°7'12" east longitude.<ref>According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 (2000).</ref> The province has a land area of {{cvt|9,352.77|km2}}.<ref>Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2014.</ref>

It is near the [[Sunda Strait]]'s sea lanes, which link [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] with [[Southeast Asia]]. Banten also links [[Java]] and Sumatra. The region has a number of industries; its seaports handle overflow cargo from the seaport in [[Jakarta]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20180511163459-92-297471/pemprov-banten-ajukan-enam-pelabuhan-pembantu-tanjung-priok|title=Pemprov Banten Ajukan Enam Pelabuhan 'Pembantu' Tanjung Priok|last=Deslatama|first=Yandhi|website=ekonomi|location=[[Jakarta]]|publisher=[[CNN Indonesia]]|language=id|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> and are intended to be an alternative to the [[Port of Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://redaksiindonesia.com/read/banten-dan-lampung-bakal-jadi-pelabuhan-penting-internasional.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927042124/http://redaksiindonesia.com/read/banten-dan-lampung-bakal-jadi-pelabuhan-penting-internasional.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 September 2017|title=Banten dan Lampung Bakal Jadi Pelabuhan Penting Internasional|date=2015-10-18|website=Redaksi Indonesia {{!}} Jernih – Tajam – Mencerahkan|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

Its location on the western tip of Java makes Banten the gateway to Java, [[Sumatra]] and the adjacent areas of Jakarta, Indonesia's capital. Bordering the [[Java Sea]] on the north, the [[Sunda Strait]] on the west and the [[Indian Ocean]] on the south, the province has abundant marine resources.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1267082/174/perikanan-jadi-komoditi-andalan-provinsi-banten-1513680111|title=Perikanan Jadi Komoditi Andalan Provinsi Banten|website=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

The land area includes some 81 offshore islands (large enough to have names) of which 50 are in Pandeglang Regency, 4 in Lebak Regency, 9 in Serang Regency, 5 in Cilegon City and 11 in Tangerang Regency.

=== Topography ===
[[File:Sawarna Banten Green View.jpg|thumb|alt=Rugged green landscape by the sea|Sawarna Banten Green View, Lebak Regency]]
[[File:Rawa Danau Banten Indonesia.jpg|thumb|alt=Lowlands, with mountains in the background under a cloudy sky|Rawa Danau, Serang Regency]]
The province ranges in altitude from sea level to {{cvt|2000|m}}. Banten is primarily lowland (below 50 metres above sea level) in [[Cilegon]], [[Tangerang]], [[Pandeglang Regency]], and most of [[Serang Regency]]. The central [[Lebak Regency|Lebak]] and Pandeglang Regencies range from {{cvt|201|to|2000|m}}, and the eastern Lebak Regency ranges in altitude from {{cvt|501|to|2000|m}} at the summit of [[Mount Halimun]].

Banten's [[geomorphology]] generally consists of lowlands and sloping and steep hills.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bantenprov.go.id/profil-provinsi/geografi|title=Geografi – Profil Provinsi|author=Dokumen Rencana Pembangunan Daerah|website=Website Resmi Pemerintah Provinsi Banten|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> The lowlands are generally in the north and south.

The sloping hills have a minimum height of {{cvt|50|m}} above sea level. Mount Gede, north of Cilegon, has an altitude of {{cvt|553|m}} above sea level; there are also hills in the southern Serang Regency, in the Mancak and Waringin Kurung Districts. The southern Pandeglang Regency is also hilly. In eastern Lebak Regency, bordering [[Bogor Regency]] and [[Sukabumi Regency]] in [[West Java]], most of the region consists of steep hills of old [[sedimentary rock]] interspersed with igneous rocks such as [[granite]], [[granodiorite]], [[diorite]] and [[andesite]]. It also contains valuable [[tin]] and [[copper]] deposits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://desdm.bantenprov.go.id/read/potensi-unggulan-bahan-galian.html|title=Dinas Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Provinsi Banten {{!}} Potensi Pertambangan|website=desdm.bantenprov.go.id|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2022}}
[[File:Banten Province Map.png|thumb|alt=See caption|Administrative map of Banten]]
Banten's climate is influenced by the [[Monsoon of South Asia|South]] and [[East Asian Monsoon]]s and the alternating [[La Niña]] or [[El Niño]]. During the rainy season, the weather is dominated by a west wind (from [[Sumatra]] and the [[Indian Ocean]] south of the [[Indian subcontinent]]) joined by winds from [[North Asia|Northern Asia]] crossing the [[South China Sea]]. The dry season is dominated by an east wind which gives Banten severe droughts, especially on the northern coast during El Niño. Temperatures on the coast and in the hills range from {{cvt|22|to|32|°C}}, and temperatures in the mountains from {{cvt|400|to|1350|m}} above sea level range from {{cvt|18|to|29|°C}}.

The heaviest rainfall ranges from {{cvt|2712|to|3670|mm}} during the rainy season from September to May, covering half of the western [[Pandeglang Regency]]. Rainfall from {{cvt|335|to|453|mm}} covers half of [[Tangerang Regency]], the northern [[Serang Regency]], and the cities of [[Cilegon]] and [[Tangerang]]. In the dry season (from April to December), the peak rainfall of {{cvt|615|to|833|mm}} covers half of the northern Serang and Tangerang Regencies and the cities of Cilegon and Tangerang. The lowest dry-season rainfall, {{cvt|360|to|486|mm}} from June to September, covers half of the southern Tangerang Regency and 15 percent of southeastern Serang Regency.

== Government and administrative divisions ==
Banten consists of four [[Regencies of Indonesia|regencies]] (''kabupaten'') and four autonomous [[Cities of Indonesia|cities]] (''kota''), listed below with their populations in the 2010<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011"/> and 2020 censuses<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> and the official estimates for mid-2024 as well as those projected for mid 2025.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Banten Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.36)</ref> The cities and regencies are subdivided into 155 districts (''kecamatan'') as at 2024, in turn sub-divided into 314 [[Villages of Indonesia#Kelurahan|urban villages]] (''kelurahan'') and 1,238 rural villages (''desa'').

Over half (54.48% in mid 2023) of the population lives in the northeast corner of the province on just 14.6% of its land area. This corner, which comprises Tangerang Regency, Tangerang City and South Tangerang City, is part of the Jakarta metropolitan area (''[[Jabodetabek]]'').

{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Kode<br>Wilayah
!Name of<br>City or<br>regency
!Capital
!Area <br>(km<sup>2</sup>)
!Pop'n<br>2010<br>census
!Pop'n<br>2020<br>census
!Pop'n<br>estimate<br>mid-2024
!Pop'n<br>projected<br>mid 2025
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bappenas.go.id/download.php?id=8975 |title=Indeks-Pembangunan-Manusia-2014 |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110235217/http://bappenas.go.id/download.php?id=8975 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2014 <br>estimate
|-
| 36.72
| colspan="2" |[[Cilegon]]
| align="right" |162.51
| align="right" |374,559
| align="right" |434,896
| align="right" |455,620
| align="right" |460,400
|0.715 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 36.73
| colspan="2" |[[Serang]]
| align="right" |265.79
| align="right" |577,785
| align="right" |692,101
| align="right" |734,870
| align="right" |745,560
|0.702 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 36.02
|[[Lebak Regency]]
|[[Rangkasbitung]]
| align="right" |3,312.18
| align="right" |1,204,095
| align="right" |1,386,793
| align="right" |1,449,210
| align="right" |1,463,820
|0.616 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 36.01
|[[Pandeglang Regency]]
|[[Pandeglang, Pandeglang|Pandeglang]]
| align="right" |2,771.41
| align="right" |1,149,610
| align="right" |1,272,687
| align="right" |1,325,950
| align="right" |1,338,370
|0.620 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 36.04
|[[Serang Regency]]
|Ciruas
| align="right" |1,469.91
| align="right" |1,402,818
| align="right" |1,622,630
| align="right" |1,701,800
| align="right" |1,720,320
|0.639 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 
| colspan="2" |'''Western Banten totals<br />'''
| align="right" |''7,981.80''
| align="right" |''4,708,867''
| align="right" |''5,409,107''
| align="right" |''5,667,450''
| align="right" |''5,728,470''
|
|-
| 36.74
| colspan="2" |[[South Tangerang]]
| align="right" |164.86
| align="right" |1,290,322
| align="right" |1,354,350
| align="right" |1,399,500
| align="right" |1,402,160
|0.791 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 36.71
| colspan="2" |[[Tangerang]]
| align="right" |178.35
| align="right" |1,798,601
| align="right" |1,895,486
| align="right" |1,963,970
| align="right" |1,971,650
|0.758 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
| 36.03
|[[Tangerang Regency]]
|[[Tigaraksa]]
| align="right" |1,027.76
| align="right" |2,834,376
| align="right" |3,245,619
| align="right" |3,400,490
| align="right" |3,435,160
|0.695 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
| 
| colspan="2" |'''Eastern Banten totals<br />(Greater Tangerang)'''
| align="right" |''1,370.97''
| align="right" |''5,923,299''
| align="right" |''6,495,455''
| align="right" |''6,763,960''
| align="right" |''6,808,970''
|
|-
| 
| colspan="2" |'''Banten totals'''
| align="right" |''9,352.77''
| align="right" |''10,632,166''
| align="right" |''11,904,562''
| align="right" |''12,431,390''
| align="right" |''12,537,440''
|0.698 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|}

The province comprises three of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the [[Indonesian Parliament|People's Representative Council]]. The '''Banten I Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Pandeglang and Lebak, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council.  The '''Banten II Electoral District''' consists of the regency of Serang, together with the cities of Ciligon and Serang, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council. The '''Banten III Electoral District''' consists of the regency of Tangerang, together with the cities of Tangerang and South Tangerang, and elects 10 members to the People's Representative Council.<ref>Law No. 7/2017 (''UU No. 7 Tahun 2017'') as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.</ref>

== Regency capitals ==
Under the Law No. 2 of 1993, Tangerang was incorporated as a city on 27 February 1993 from the Tangerang Regency, of which it had been the administrative capital. It was replaced by Cipasera.

Under the Law No. 15 of 1999, Cilegon was incorporated as a city on 20 April 1999 from the Serang Regency, of which it had been the administrative capital. It was replaced by Serang.

Under the Law No. 32 of 2007, Serang was incorporated as a city on 14 August 2007 from the Serang Regency, of which it had been the administrative capital. It was replaced by Ciruas.

Under the Law No. 51 of 2008, South Tangerang (formerly Cipasera) was incorporated as a city on 26 November 2008 from the Tangerang Regency, of which it had been the administrative capital. It was replaced by Tigaraksa.

== Demographics ==
{{See also|Bantenese people}}
[[File:Seba Baduy Banten Kota Serang.jpg|thumb|alt=Young men in blue headgear walking down a city street|[[Baduy people]] in [[Serang]] during the Seba Baduy event]]
The 2006 population of Banten was 9,351,470, with 3,370,182 children (36.04 percent), 240,742 elderly people (2.57 percent), and the remaining 5,740,546 people aged between 15 and 64. It was Indonesia's fifth-most-populous province, after [[West Java]], [[East Java]], [[Central Java]] and [[North Sumatra]]. By mid-2022, the estimated total had risen to 12,251,985.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Provinsi Banten Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.36)</ref>

=== Ethnic groups ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Ethnic groups in Banten<ref name="SUKU"/>
|label1 = [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]]
|value1 = 63.43
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Javanese people|Javanese]]
|value2 = 16.03
|color2 = Violet
|label3 = [[Betawi people|Betawi]]
|value3 = 12.88
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 7.66
|color4 = Black
}}

[[File:Cina Benteng wedding.jpg|thumb|alt=Several couples dressed in red, black and green|Mass [[Benteng people|Benteng]] wedding ceremony]]
The [[Bantenese people]] are the largest group in the province, forming 47% of the total population. They mostly inhabit the central and southern part of the province. The origins of the Bantenese people; which are closely related to the [[Banten Sultanate]], are different from the [[Cirebonese people]] whom are not part of the [[Sundanese people]] nor the [[Javanese people]] (unless it is from the result of a mixture of two major cultures, namely Sundanese and Javanese). The Bantenese people along with the [[Baduy people]] (Kanekes) are essentially a subdivision of the [[Sundanese people]] which occupies the former region of the [[Banten Sultanate]] (region of Bantam Residency after the abolishment and annexation by the [[Dutch East Indies]]). Only after the formation of the [[Banten Province]] did people began to regard the Bantenese as a group of people with a culture and language of their own.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/kebudayaan/1113/suku-banten|title=Suku Banten|date=26 August 2013|publisher=Kebudayaan Indonesia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322014235/http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/kebudayaan/1113/suku-banten|archive-date=22 March 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-03-22}}</ref>

Most of the north Banten population is [[Javanese people|Javanese]]. Most of the Javanese are migrants from central and eastern Java. The [[Betawi people]] live in [[greater Jakarta]], including [[Tangerang]]. [[Chinese Indonesians]] may also be found in urban areas, also primarily in the greater Jakarta area. The [[Benteng people|Benteng Chinese]] (a subgroup of Chinese Indonesians) lives in Tangerang and the surrounding area, and are distinct from other Chinese Indonesians.<ref name="Lohanda (1996)">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKlwAAAAMAAJ&q=cina+benteng|title=The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837–1942: A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society|last1=Lohanda|first1=Mona|date=1996|publisher=Djambatan|isbn=9789794282571|location=Jakarta|language=en|access-date=20 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://15meh.blogspot.com/2009/03/sejarah-cina-benteng-di-indonesia.html|title=Sejarah Cina Benteng di Indonesia !|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107161059/http://15meh.blogspot.com/2009/03/sejarah-cina-benteng-di-indonesia.html|access-date=29 August 2017|archive-date=2012-01-07}}</ref><ref name="Knorr (2014)">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZfiAgAAQBAJ&q=cina+benteng&pg=PA137|title=Creole Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia|last1=Knorr|first1=Jacqueline|date=2014|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-78238-269-0|language=en|access-date=20 September 2017}}</ref>

=== Languages ===
[[File:Languages map of Banten.jpg|thumb|alt=Colour-coded map|Linguistic map of Banten]]
The province's dominant language is [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]].<ref name="ethnologue.com">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=IDJ&seq=20 Language maps of Indonesia (Java and Bali)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name="ECAI – Pacific Language Mapping">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecai.org/austronesiaweb/AustronesiaASP/PacificMapLeaf.asp?mapleafid=L039 |title=ECAI – Pacific Language Mapping<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-date=22 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222203901/http://www.ecai.org/austronesiaweb/AustronesiaASP/PacificMapLeaf.asp?mapleafid=L039 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its indigenous people speak a dialect derived from archaic Sundanese, classified as informal in modern Sundanese.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://budaya-indonesia.org/Bahasa-Sunda-Banten/|title=Bahasa Sunda Banten|date=2014|publisher=Perpustakaan Digital Budaya Indonesia|access-date=2017-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Factors influencing comparison of Sundanese, Javanese, Madurese, and Balinese.|last=Purwo|first=Bambang K.|year=1993}}</ref>

The [[Mataram Sultanate]] tried to control West Java, including Banten; the Sultanate of Banten defended its territory except for Banten. In the mountains and most of present-day Banten, the "loma" version of the Sundanese language is dominant; this version is considered "harsh" by people from Parahyangan. [[Bantenese language|Bantenese]] is commonly spoken, especially in the southern [[Pandeglang Regency|Pandeglang]] and [[Lebak Regency|Lebak Regencies]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Parisi |first=Batur |date=16 March 2017 |title=Bahasa dan Sastra Sunda Banten Terancam Punah |url=http://m.metrotvnews.com/jabar/peristiwa/lKYm0rXK-bahasa-dan-sastra-sunda-banten-terancam-punah |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601021807/http://m.metrotvnews.com/jabar/peristiwa/lKYm0rXK-bahasa-dan-sastra-sunda-banten-terancam-punah |archive-date=1 June 2018 |access-date=2017-09-12 |publisher=Metro TV News}}</ref> Near Serang and Cilegon, the [[Javanese language|Javanese]] [[Banyumasan dialect]] is spoken by about 500,000 people.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=jav|title=Ethnologue|access-date=1 February 2009}}</ref> In northern Tangerang, [[Betawi language|Betawi]] is spoken by Betawi immigrants. [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] is also widely spoken, especially by urban migrants from other parts of Indonesia. The [[Baduy people]] speak the [[Baduy language]], also an archaic form of Sundanese.<ref name="KSBADB">{{cite web|url=http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html|title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, Dan Bahasa Sehari-Hari Penduduk Indonesia|date=2010|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710134114/http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html|archive-date=2017-07-10|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-07-18}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Rampak bedug.jpg|thumb|alt=Women in yellow playing green drums|A ''rampak bedug'' performance at a Serang culinary festival]]
Most residents are Muslims (94.85% of population),<ref name="RELIGION">{{cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]|date=31 August 2022|access-date=29 October 2023|language=id}}</ref> and the Banten Sultanate was one of the largest Islamic kingdoms on the island of [[Java]]. The province also has other ethnicities and religions, including the Benteng Chinese community in [[Tangerang]] and the [[Baduy people]] who practice [[Sunda Wiwitan]] in Kanekes, Leuwidamar, [[Lebak Regency]].

Based on archaeological data, early Banten society was influenced by the [[Hindus|Hindu]]-[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[Tarumanagara]], [[Srivijaya|Sriwijaya]] and [[Sunda Kingdom]]s. According to the ''Babad Banten'', [[Sunan Gunungjati|Sunan Gunung Jati]] and Maulana Hasanuddin spread Islam extensively in the region. [[Maulana Yusuf of Banten|Maulana Yusuf]] reportedly engaged in ''[[Dawah|da'wah]]'' in the interior, and conquered [[Pakuan Pajajaran]].

The sultan of Banten's genealogy reportedly traced back to [[Muhammad]], and the ''[[ulama]]s'' were influential. [[Tariqa]] [[Sufism]] developed in the region.

== Culture ==
[[File:Selection of Kang Nong Banten 2017.jpg|thumb|alt=Smiling young people in a contest|Selection of Kang Nong Banten in 2017. The finalists wear traditional Bantenese dress.]]
Banten's culture is based on Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam. It includes the [[pencak silat]] martial arts, the [[Saman (dance)|Saman dance]], and {{Interlanguage link|Palingtung|id}}. Religious sites include the [[Great Mosque of Banten]] and the Keramat Panjang Tomb.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

The [[Baduy people]] live in central and southern Banten. The Inner Baduy tribes are native Sundanese who are [[anti-modernization|opposed to modernization]] in dress and lifestyle, and the Outer Baduy tribes are more open to modernization. The Baduy-Rawayan tribe lives in the Kendeng Cultural Heritage Mountains, an area of {{cvt|5,101.85|ha|sqmi|sigfig=4}} spanning the Kanekes area, Leuwidamar District, [[Lebak Regency]]. Baduy villages are generally located on the Ciujung River in the Kendeng Mountains.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://bantenprov.go.id/profil-provinsi/kebudayaan|title=Kebudayaan – Profil Provinsi|last=Banten|first=Website Resmi Pemerintah Provinsi|website=Website Resmi Pemerintah Provinsi Banten|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

=== {{anchor|Traditional weapon}}Weapons ===
The [[golok]], similar to a [[machete]], is Banten's traditional weapon. Formerly a self-defence weapon, it is now a martial-arts tool. The Baduy people use goloks for farming and forest hunting. Other traditional weapons include the [[kujang (weapon)|kujang]], [[kris]], spear, sledgehammer, machete, sword and bow and arrow.

=== Traditional housing ===
Traditional housing in Banten has [[Thatching|thatched]] roofing, with floors made of split and pounded [[bamboo]]. This type of traditional house is still widely found in areas inhabited by the Kanekes and Baduy peoples.

=== {{anchor|Traditional clothes}}Clothing ===
Bantenese men traditionally wear closed-neck shirts and trousers belted with [[batik]], perhaps with a golok tucked into the belt. Bantenese women traditionally wear a [[kebaya]], decorated with a hand-crafted brooch at the waist. Hair is tied into a bun, and decorated with a flower.

=== {{anchor|Arts}}Islamic architecture ===
Three-level mosque architecture is symbolic of [[tariqa]] ''[[ihsan]]'' (beauty) and [[sharia]] (law).<ref name=":1" />

=== {{anchor|Martial arts|Pencak Silat}}Pencak silat ===

[[Pencak silat]] is a group of martial arts, rooted in [[Culture of Indonesia|Indonesian culture]], which reportedly existed throughout the archipelago since the seventh century. It began to be recorded when it was influenced by the ''[[ulama]]s'' during the spread of Islam in the 15th century. At that time, martial arts were taught with religious studies in ''[[pesantren]]'' (Islamic boarding schools). Religion and pencak silat became intertwined. [[Silat]] evolved from folk dancing, becoming part of the region's defense against invaders.

Banten is known for its warriors, who are proficient in the martial arts.<ref name=":1" /> ''Debus'' (from {{langx|ar|دَبُّوس|dabbūs}}) is a Bantenese martial art which was developed during the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indonesia.travel/tw/en/destinations/java/serang/debus|title=Debus|website=www.indonesia.travel|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
[[File:Masjid Banten 111225 0560 mer.JPG|thumb|alt=Two large buildings with a number of visitors|The [[Great Mosque of Banten]]]]
[[File:Two Baduy Luar women, Indonesia.jpg|thumb|The [[Baduy people]] are one of the tribes in Indonesia who maintain a life in harmony with nature]]
[[File:Ujung Kulon National Park, 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Ujung Kulon National Park]] in 2014]]
Banten is one of the favorite tourist areas in [[Indonesia]], especially for local residents from [[Jakarta]] and [[West Java]], especially [[Bogor]]. The Banten region, which is close to the west coast of Java Island, has a panorama located in [[Banten Bay]] such as {{ill|Carita Beach|id|Pantai Carita}}, {{ill|Sawarna|id|Desa Sawarna}} and others as well as resort islands such as [[Umang]] and [[Sangiang]] Islands.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5413693/eksotisme-pulau-umang-surga-tersembunyi-di-tengah-laut-jawa|title= Umang Island|date= 13 August 2024|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref> The uniqueness of the Banten community, especially the [[Baduy people]] who still maintain their ancestral customs, is also interesting to explore, as well as the rare [[Javan rhinoceros]] sanctuary in the [[Ujung Kulon National Park]] which has been designated as a world heritage site.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ujung Kulon National Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/608 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Convention |access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref> Banten also has historical tourist destinations such as the [[Great Mosque of Banten]], the [[Old Banten|Old Banten Museum]], the [[Multatuli Museum (Indonesia)|Multatuli Museum]].

[[Tanjung Lesung]] Beach, in the Panimbang district of western [[Pandeglang Regency]], covers about {{cvt|150|ha}}. A proposed [[special economic zone]] in 2012, the Tanjung Lesung SEZ became operational on 23 February 2015.<ref name="eight">{{cite web|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/02/23/055644402/Jokowi-to-Open-Tanjung-Lesung-Special-Economic-Zone|title=Jokowi to Open Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone|publisher=}}</ref> Pulau Dua, covering about {{cvt|30|ha}} near [[Serang]], is known for its ocean coral, fish and of birds. Between April and August each year, it is visited by about 40,000 birds from 60 species from Australia, Asia and Africa. Originally an island, sedimentation has joined it to mainland Java.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indosatunews.com/cagar-alam-pulau-dua-pulau-surga-burung-di-teluk-banten/|title= Cagar Alam Pulau Dua|date= 13 August 2024|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2022}}
Banten is in western [[Java]]. In 2006, {{cvt|249.246|km|sigfig=3}} of its national roads were in good condition; {{cvt|214.314|km|sigfig=3}} were in fair condition, and {{cvt|26.840|km|sigfig=3}} were in poor condition. At the end of that year, {{cvt|203.67|km|sigfig=3}} of Banten's {{cvt|889.01|km|sigfig=3|adj=on}} provincial road network were in good condition; {{cvt|380.02|km|sigfig=3}} were in fair condition, and {{cvt|305.320|km|sigfig=3}} were in poor condition. The province's national roads are congested; provincial roads have less traffic, and congestion is generally localized.

Rail transport is declining; 48 percent of Banten's {{cvt|305.9|km|adj=on}} rail network was operational in 2005, with an average of 22 passenger trains and 16 freight trains per day. Most lines were [[Single-track railway|single-track]], and the main line was the {{cvt|141.6|km|adj=on}} [[Port of Merak|Merak]]-[[Tanah Abang railway station|Tanah Abang]], Tangerang-Duri, Cilegon-Cigading line, and [[Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link]] serving [[Manggarai railway station|Manggarai]]-[[SHIA railway station|Soetta Airport]] along with the [[Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain|Skytrain]]. Then [[Jakarta MRT]] Phase 3 with Balaraja to Cikarang, will be construction in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kamalina |first=Annasa Rizki |date=23 January 2023 |title=Jepang Alirkan Rp160 Triliun untuk Proyek MRT Cikarang-Balaraja, Konstruksi 2024 |url=https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20230122/9/1620442/jepang-alirkan-rp160-triliun-untuk-proyek-mrt-cikarang-balaraja-konstruksi-2024 |newspaper=Bisnis com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Al Hikam |first=Herdi Alif |date=18 February 2023 |title=Cek! Rincian 48 Wilayah Bakal Dilewati MRT Fase 3 Cikarang-Balaraja |url=https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-6575266/cek-rincian-48-wilayah-bakal-dilewati-mrt-fase-3-cikarang-balaraja |newspaper=finance.detik.com}}</ref>

[[Soekarno–Hatta International Airport]] is Indonesia's main national airport. Other airports include the general-aviation [[Pondok Cabe Airport]] in South Tangerang, [[Budiarto Airport]] in Tangerang (for training), and [[Gorda Airport]] in [[Serang]] (used by the [[Indonesian Air Force]]).
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Soekarno-Hatta Airport aerial view.jpg|Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in [[Tangerang]], gateway to Jakarta and Indonesia|alt=Aerial view of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport 
File:JR 205 Stasiun Tangerang (crop).jpg|[[KRL Commuterline]] train at the [[Tangerang railway station]]|alt=Red electric train at an outdoor station
File:ALS Di Poris.jpg|Bus at Poris terminal in Tangerang|alt=Large green bus
File:Pelabuhan Merak Port of Merak.JPG|The [[Port of Merak]] has ferry service to [[Sumatra]].|alt=A large boat at a dock
</gallery>

== Economy ==
{{Pie chart
| caption=Banten GDP share by sector (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banten.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/482ee839483674f34dd96faf/provinsi-banten-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Provinsi Banten Dalam Angka 2023|publisher=Statistics Indonesia|access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
| label1 = Agriculture
| value1 = 5.09
| color1 = Green
| label2 = Manufacturing
| value2 = 30.47
| color2 = DodgerBlue
| label3 = Other Industrial
| value3 = 14.58
| color3 = Yellow
| label4 = Service
| value4 = 49.86
| color4 = #800080
}}
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2025}}
{{Update section|date=January 2025}} 
Banten's 2006 population totaled 9,351,470, with 36.04 percent children, 2.57 percent elderly, and the remainder 15 to 64 years old. The province's 2005 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) was primarily from the manufacturing industry sector (49.75 percent), followed by the trade, hotel and restaurant sector (17.13 percent), transportation and communication (8.58 percent), and agriculture (8.53 percent). Industry had 23.11 percent of jobs, followed by agriculture (21.14 percent), trade (20.84 percent) and transportation and communication  (9.5 percent). The northern part of the province is more economically developed than the southern part.

It is strategically located between [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]]. Most investment is in [[Tangerang]], [[South Tangerang]] and the rest of the north because of their infrastructure and proximity to [[Jakarta]]. Infrastructure in southern Banten lags behind that of the north, and Banten's development policies have prioritised growth over equality in [[Pandeglang Regency|Pandeglang]] and [[Lebak Regency|Lebak]] regencies; investors choose areas with existing infrastructure to ensure competitiveness.

== Cuisine ==
[[File:Sate Bandeng 2.jpg|thumb|[[Sate Bandeng]] is a typical Banten food made from [[milkfish]] that has had its bones removed and the meat seasoned, skewered with [[bamboo]], then grilled over charcoal embers]]
''{{Interlanguage link|Rabeg|id}}'' is a Bantenese food similar to goat or curried [[rawon]]. Found in [[Serang Regency]], it is believed to have originated in the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and was brought by Arab traders during the [[spread of Islam in Indonesia]].<ref name="en.tempo.co_BantenIntr">{{Cite web|url=http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/10/03/199706077,uk.html/Banten-Introduces-Distinctive-Dish-at-Culinary-Festival|title=Banten Introduces Distinctive Dish at Culinary Festival|work=en.tempo.co|language=en|url-status=dead|access-date=2016-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415143347/http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/10/03/199706077,uk.html/Banten-Introduces-Distinctive-Dish-at-Culinary-Festival|archive-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> Other Bantenese foods include ''nasi sumsum'' (from Serang Regency, made of white rice and buffalo-bone marrow), mahbub, [[shark fin soup]], [[milkfish]] and duck [[satay]]s, duck soup, [[laksa]] Tangerang, [[Rice vermicelli#Indonesia|rice vermicelli]], beef jerky and [[emping]].

== Sports ==
=== Football ===
There are multiple football clubs based in Banten. Each of them usually represent each one of Banten's regencies and cities. Two clubs are currently playing in [[Liga 1 (Indonesia)|Liga 1]], [[Persita Tangerang]] and [[Dewa United F.C.|Dewa United]], both play at [[Indomilk Arena]] in [[Tangerang Regency|Tangerang regency]]. The rest are playing in the lower division of Indonesian football, namely [[Persikota Tangerang]] which represented the [[Tangerang|city of Tangerang]] with its home base at the [[Benteng Stadium]] and [[Persic Cilegon]] based at [[Krakatau Steel Stadium]] in [[Cilegon]] playing in [[Liga 3 (Indonesia)|Liga 3]] while [[Perserang Serang]] (with its home ground at [[Maulana Yusuf Stadium]]) playing in [[Liga 2 (Indonesia)|Liga 2]].

=== Motorsports ===
In 2009, the [[Lippo Village International Formula Circuit]] was built in a bid to host the [[A1 Grand Prix]]. The series was removed from the schedule, and the track was used for local motorsports before it was dismantled for the [[Lippo Karawaci|Lippo Village]] expansion; the paddock area was reclaimed by [[Pelita Harapan University]]. A replacement street circuit, BSD City Grand Prix, was built in [[BSD City]] for local motorsports.

== Coat of arms ==
The '''coat of arms of Banten''' consists of a shield containing a mosque dome, the Great Mosque tower, the Kaibon gate, rice stalks numbering 17 grains, cotton with 8 stalks, 4 petals, and 5 flowers, a mountain, sea, gearwheel, two runway lines, a ribbon, a Javan rhinoceros, and the motto {{Sc|iman taqwa}}.

The mosque dome symbolizes the religious character of Banten's people, while the five-pointed star represents belief in God Almighty. The Great Mosque tower symbolizes high spirit guided by the will of God. The Kaibon gate represents Banten as a gateway of world civilization, economy, and international traffic toward globalization. The yellow rice (17 grains) and white cotton (8 stalks, 4 brown petals, 5 flowers) symbolize Banten as an agrarian region, sufficient in food and clothing; the numbers 17-8-45 refer to the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. The black mountain symbolizes natural wealth, lowlands, and highlands. The Javan rhinoceros symbolizes the people’s persistence in upholding truth and being protected by law. The blue sea with 17 white waves represents Banten as a maritime region rich in marine resources. The grey gearwheel (10 teeth) symbolizes the spirit of development and the industrial sector. Two white runway lines symbolize Soekarno–Hatta International Airport's runway; the yellow beacon light represents encouragement to achieve aspirations. The yellow ribbon symbolizes the unity and integrity of the Bantenese people. The Javan rhinoceros also represents the province’s identity fauna, recognized as a world heritage species.

The colors have their own meanings: red for bravery, white for purity and wisdom, yellow for glory and nobility, black for determination and perseverance, grey for resilience, blue for peace and calm, green for fertility, and brown for prosperity. The motto ''IMAN TAQWA'' (faith and piety) serves as the foundation of development towards an independent, advanced, and prosperous Banten ''Darussalam''.  
[[File:Stamps of Indonesia, 055-09.jpg|thumb|Stamp depicting the coat of arms of Banten]]

=== References ===
* {{cite web |url=http://bantenprov.go.id/home.php?link=dtl&id=675 |title=Coat of arms of Banten |publisher=Government of Banten |access-date=20 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201000000/http://bantenprov.go.id/home.php?link=dtl&id=675 |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |url-status=dead}}

== Notable people==
{{main category|People from Banten}}

== References ==
{{portal|Indonesia|Islands}}
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* [https://hydra.hull.ac.uk/assets/hull:5665a/content Dinar Boontharm. "The Sultanate of Banten AD 1750-1808: A Social and Cultural History." PhD thesis, University of Hull, 2003.]

== External links ==
{{EB1911 poster|Bantam}}{{Wikivoyage|Banten}}
* [http://www.bantenprov.go.id/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302124656/http://www.bantenprov.go.id/ |date=2 March 2012 }} {{in lang|id}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Banten
|North     = [[Java Sea]]
|Northeast = {{flag|Jakarta}}
|East      = {{flag|West Java}}
|Southeast = {{flag|West Java}}
|South     = [[Indian Ocean]]<br />{{flag|Christmas Island}}
|Southwest = [[Indian Ocean]]
|West      = [[Sunda Strait]]
|Northwest = [[Sunda Strait]]
}}
{{Banten|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Provinces of Indonesia}}

[[Category:Banten| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 2000]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Provinces of Indonesia]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Sundanese people]]
[[Category:Islands of the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Populated places in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Islands of Indonesia]]