View source for Barbuda

{{Short description|Island and dependency in Antigua and Barbuda}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Bermuda|Barbados|The Bahamas}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Barbuda
| common_name            = Barbuda
| native_name            = {{native name|aig|Baabyuuda|paren=omit}} ([[Barbudan Creole]])
| image_flag             = Flag of Barbuda.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda.svg
| coat_alt               = Seal of the Barbuda Council
| symbol_type            = [[Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda|Seal]]
| national_motto         = "[[Each endeavouring, all achieving]]"
| national_anthem        = "I Believe"
| flag_alt               = Flag of the Barbuda Council
| flag_type              = Flag
| image_map              = File:Barbuda in its region (zoomed).svg
| alt_map                = Barbuda highlighted
| image_map2             = 
| alt_map2               = 
| capital                = [[Codrington, Barbuda|Codrington]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|17.64|N|61.81|W|region:AG_type:isle|display=inline,title}}
| largest_city           = capital
| official_languages     = None
| national_languages     = 
| ethnic_groups          = [[Afro-Barbudans|African]] (95%)
| ethnic_groups_ref      = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662901.pdf |title=ECLAC/CELADE Redatam+SP 08/02/2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802165956/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662901.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref>
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2011
| demonym                = [[Barbudans|Barbudan]]
| government_type        = [[Barbuda Council]]
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the Barbuda Council|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = {{Current chairperson of the Barbuda Council}}
| leader_title2          = [[Vice Chairperson of the Barbuda Council|Vice Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = Nadia George
| leader_title3          = [[Secretary of the Barbuda Council|Secretary]]
| leader_name3           = O'Sheri Cannegieter
| leader_name4           = 
| legislature            = 
| sovereignty_type       = Establishment
| established_event1     = [[Barbuda#Colonial period|Colony]]
| established_date1      = 1678
| established_event2     = Barbuda Act
| established_date2      = April 30, 1904
| established_event3     = [[Barbuda Local Government Act|Autonomy]]
| established_date3      = December 23, 1976
| established_event4     = 
| established_date4      = 
| area_km2               = 160.56
| area_rank              = N/A
| area_sq_mi             = 61.99
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 2,233
| population_census      = 1,634
| population_estimate_year = 2025
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 10.2
| population_density_sq_mi = 26.4
| population_density_rank = not ranked
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = 
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal            = 
| GDP_nominal_year       = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = 
| Gini                   = <!--number only-->
| Gini_year              = 
| Gini_change            = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = 
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.824
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-02 |title=Human Development Index by parish and dependency |url=https://www.axarplex.com/items/human-development-index-by-parish-and-dependency |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Axarplex |language=en}}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = not ranked
| currency               = [[Eastern Caribbean dollar]]&nbsp;($)
| currency_code          = XCD
| time_zone              = −4
| utc_offset             = −4
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| time_zone_DST          = 
| date_format            = dd-mm-yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])
| drives_on              = left
| calling_code           = 
| cctld                  = [[.ag]]
| website                = 
}}

{{Barbuda}}

'''Barbuda''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ɑːr|ˈ|b|(|j|)|uː|d|ə}}; {{langx|aig|Baabyuuda|label=[[Barbudan Creole]]}})<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Barbuda PM: Unprecedented Level of Destruction |work=[[Anderson Cooper 360]] |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/weather/2017/09/07/barbuda-prime-minister-gaston-browne-hurricane-irma-bpr-ac360.cnn |access-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911075107/http://www.cnn.com/videos/weather/2017/09/07/barbuda-prime-minister-gaston-browne-hurricane-irma-bpr-ac360.cnn |url-status=live }}</ref> is an island and dependency located in the eastern [[Caribbean]] forming part of the twin-island state of [[Antigua and Barbuda]] as an autonomous entity. Barbuda is located approximately {{convert|30|mi}} north of [[Antigua]]. The only settlements on the island are [[Codrington, Barbuda|Codrington]] and its surrounding localities. Barbuda is a flat island with the western portion being dominated by [[Codrington Lagoon]], and the eastern portion being dominated by the elevated plateau of the [[Barbuda Highlands]], with salty ponds and [[scrubland]] spread throughout the island. The climate is classified as [[Tropical marine climate|tropical marine]].

The first inhabitants of Barbuda were canoe-driving [[hunter-gatherer]]s around 3,000–4,000 years ago.<ref name="Amerindians">{{Cite web |title=Revised Edition Of Amerindians Presence In Antigua Pre-history |url=https://www.anbanet.com/caribbean/a-and-b.html |access-date=August 1, 2023 |website=www.anbanet.com |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801231139/https://www.anbanet.com/caribbean/a-and-b.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The island was subsequently inhabited by the [[Arawak]] and [[Kalinago]].<ref name="Amerindians" /> Early settlements by the Spanish were followed by the French and English who formed a colony in 1666. In 1685, Barbuda was leased to brothers John and [[Christopher Codrington (colonial administrator)|Christopher Codrington]]. In 1834, slavery was abolished in Barbuda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antigua and Barbuda |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda/History |access-date=August 12, 2023 |website=Britannica Online |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 1, 2022 |title=Happy Emancipation Day Antigua and Barbuda |work=Antigua Newsroom |url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/happy-emancipation-day-antigua-and-barbuda/ |access-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813030536/https://antiguanewsroom.com/happy-emancipation-day-antigua-and-barbuda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Because the entire island had been covered by a single land grant, the Barbudans kept on autonomous cultivation on communal property after slavery's abolition.

With a population of 1,634, and an area of {{Convert|62|sqmi}}, Barbuda is one of the most sparsely populated islands in the Caribbean.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population density Latin America and Caribbean by country 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/789684/population-density-latin-america-country/ |access-date=August 12, 2023 |website=Statista |language=en |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813025750/https://www.statista.com/statistics/789684/population-density-latin-america-country/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Barbuda has a population density significantly lower than Antigua. In September 2017, the [[Category 5 Hurricane|Category 5]] [[Hurricane Irma]] destroyed more than 90 percent of Barbuda's buildings, and the entire population was evacuated to Antigua.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raphael |first=T.J. |date=September 14, 2017 |title=For first time in 300 years, there's not a single living person on the island of Barbuda |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/09/14/b0arbuda-hurricane-irama-devastation/665950001/ }}</ref> By February 2019, most of the residents had returned to the island.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/5356/5/Tweedy81MLitt.pdf |title=A history of Barbuda under the Cardington's 1738-1833 |website=etheses.bham.ac.uk |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802000746/https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/5356/5/Tweedy81MLitt.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The population of Barbuda is now higher than it was before the hurricane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abec.gov.ag/media/misc/publications.php |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=www.abec.gov.ag}}</ref>

The economy of Barbuda is based mostly around tourism and government, with the central government and the local government being the largest employers on the island. [[Fishery|Fisheries]] accounts for the majority of the island's exports, with the island having a significant lobster catching industry.

== History ==

=== Archaic period ===
The first settlements on Barbuda date to 2,900–3,000 BC with the arrival of [[Archaic period (North America)|Archaic Age]] people.<ref name=":25">{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Caribbean Archaeology |date=2014 |publisher=University Press of Florida |isbn=978-0-8130-4420-0 |pages=45–56 |doi=10.2307/j.ctvx1hst1 |jstor=j.ctvx1hst1 }}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2023 |title=New Year. Old Myths? |url=https://cpoise.gov.ag/tag/caribs-arawaks/ |website=Antigua and Barbuda Cultural Information System |publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Department of Culture |access-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529050532/https://cpoise.gov.ag/tag/caribs-arawaks/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":27">{{Cite web |title=Prehistory of Antigua & Barbuda |url=http://antiguahistory.net/Museum/prehistoric.htm |access-date=October 9, 2023 |website=antiguahistory.net |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208141726/http://antiguahistory.net/Museum/prehistoric.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Some scholars have referred to these first settlers as [[Ciboney]] or Siboney.<ref name=":25" /><ref name="Amerindians" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/the-amerindian-presence/ |title=the amerindian presence |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801231147/https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/the-amerindian-presence/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other scholars say these people were not the Ciboney, who inhabited [[Cuba]], [[Jamaica]], and [[Haiti]], and thus refer to them as Archaic Age people, "Archaic People", or first settlers.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":26" /><ref name=":27" /> These first settlers arrived in Barbuda by canoe and were hunter-gatherers. Sources disagree on whether they came from South America or the Greater Antilles,<ref>Vincent Rousseau, Allison Bain, Jacques Chabot, S. Grouard, Sophia Perdikaris. [https://hal.science/hal-03047122/document The Role of Barbuda in the Settlement of the Leeward Islands: Lithic and Shell Analysis Along the Strombus Line Shell Midden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906080744/https://hal.science/hal-03047122/document |date=September 6, 2024 }}. Journal of Caribbean Archaeology, 2017, 17, pp.1-25.</ref><ref>Hofman, C. L., Bright, A. J. and M. L. P. Hoogland. 2006. Archipelagic Resource Procurement and Mobility in the Northern Lesser Antilles: The View from a 3000-year-old Tropical Forest Campsite on Saba. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 1:145-164.</ref><ref>Hofman, C. L., Mol, A., Rodríguez Ramos, R. and S. Knippenberg. 2011. Networks Set in Stone: Archaic-Ceramic interaction in the early prehistoric northeastern Caribbean. Actes du 24e Congrès de l'Association Internationale d'Archéologie de la Caraïbe, pp. 157- 165. Martinique</ref> or from the [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]] region of Mexico.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ichen |date=November 10, 2016 |title=What About Barbuda? |url=https://www.auamed.org/blog/what-about-barbuda/ |access-date=August 1, 2023 |website=American University of Antigua |language=en-US |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801235152/https://www.auamed.org/blog/what-about-barbuda/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Artifacts from the Archaic period include cutting blades made from [[Gastropoda|gastropods]], along with [[Hoe (tool)|hoes]], [[Pick (tool)|picks]], and water containers constructed from [[conch]], [[Ranellidae|trumpet]], and [[whelk]] shells.<ref name="Amerindians" /><ref name=":1" /> Archeological sites have been discovered on the southwest coast of Barbuda, from Coco Point up to River, and the southeast corner of the Lagoon.<ref name=":1" /> Additional habitat locations have been found in Codrington, River, Sucking Hole, Factory, and Goat Pen along the coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbuda – Antigua Sugar Mills |url=https://sugarmills.blogs.bucknell.edu/barbuda/ |access-date=August 1, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801231139/https://sugarmills.blogs.bucknell.edu/barbuda/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kras |first=Sara Louise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnItHSAgevMC&dq=amerindians+on+barbuda&pg=PA23 |title=Antigua and Barbuda |date=2008 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-2570-0 |language=en |access-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906080748/https://books.google.com/books?id=TnItHSAgevMC&dq=amerindians+on+barbuda&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q=amerindians%20on%20barbuda&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> At Boiling Rocks, close to [[Spanish Point (Barbuda)|Spanish Point]], more recent human remains that were carbon-dated as being 3,100 years old were discovered.<ref name=":1" />

=== Ceramic period ===
The successors of the Ciboney were the [[Arawak]]s, who were present on Barbuda and Antigua from at least 1,000 BC.<ref>{{Citation |last=Turner |first=Barry |title=Antigua and Barbuda |date=2013 |work=The Statesman's Yearbook: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World 2014 |pages=109–111 |editor-last=Turner |editor-first=Barry |series=The Statesman's Yearbook |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-59643-0_166 |isbn=978-1-349-59643-0 }}</ref> Their population on Barbuda peaked between 1,500 and 800 years ago.<ref name=":1" /> They likely arrived from present-day [[Venezuela]] and [[Guyana]],<ref name=":1" /> and used Barbuda for brief stays or seasonal supplies. They lived mostly in the Barbuda Highlands and Spanish Point in the easternmost parts of the island,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicholson |first=Desmond V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5JsAAAAMAAJ&q=barbuda+arawaks |title=The Story of the Arawaks in Antigua and Barbuda |date=1983 |publisher=Antigua Archaeological Society |isbn=978-0-900001-17-8 |language=en |access-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201348/https://books.google.com/books?id=s5JsAAAAMAAJ&q=barbuda%20arawaks |url-status=live }}</ref> but six or more village additional sites are known including Sufferers, Indian Town Trail, Highland Road, Guava, and Welches.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bain |first1=Allison |last2=Faucher |first2=Anne-Marie |last3=Kennedy |first3=Lisa M. |last4=LeBlanc |first4=Allison R. |last5=Burn |first5=Michael J. |last6=Boger |first6=Rebecca |last7=Perdikaris |first7=Sophia |date=January 2, 2018 |title=Landscape Transformation During Ceramic Age and Colonial Occupations of Barbuda, West Indies |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=global |journal=Environmental Archaeology |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=36–46 |doi=10.1080/14614103.2017.1345115 |bibcode=2018EnvAr..23...36B |issn= |access-date=October 9, 2023 |archive-date=September 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926130127/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=global |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Arawaks grew sweet potatoes, corn, peanuts, cotton, tobacco, as well as a variety of other fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants.<ref name=":1" /> They also made intricate pottery known as [[Saladoid]].<ref name=":1" /> This unique pottery, characterize its white-on-red designs, were decorated with zoned-incised [[Hatching|crosshatching]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation |title=The Saladoid Phenomenon |date=2007 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/archaeology-of-the-caribbean/saladoid-phenomenon/E9CC356188B1D67CBA3D1370F7CEC722 |work=The Archaeology of the Caribbean |pages=59–94 |editor-last=Wilson |editor-first=Samuel M. |access-date=October 9, 2023 |series=Cambridge World Archaeology |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511816505.003 |isbn=978-0-521-62333-9 |archive-date=June 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614095343/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/archaeology-of-the-caribbean/saladoid-phenomenon/E9CC356188B1D67CBA3D1370F7CEC722 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The pottery has been found at Indian Town Trail, close to Two Foot Bay, as well as Sufferers in the Spanish Point region.<ref name=":1" />

The [[Kalinago]] people spent time in Barbuda as well. By the time the Europeans arrived, they had probably displaced the Arawaks.<ref name=":1" /> The Kalinago preferred the mountainous and well-watered islands of [[Saint Kitts]] and [[Dominica]], and visited Barbuda only sometimes to harvest seafood and whatever crops and land animals they could find.<ref name=":1" /> In the early 1700s, the British [[Royal Navy]] was forced to defend the people of Codrington against Kalinago raids because the Kalinago served as a deterrent to European colonization.<ref name=":1" /> The Kalinago called Barbuda "Wa'omoni",<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Antigua and Barbuda |url=https://azmartinique.com/en/all-to-know/caribbean/antigua-and-barbuda |access-date=August 1, 2023 |website=AZ Martinique |language=en |archive-date=September 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906080754/https://azmartinique.com/en/all-to-know/caribbean/antigua-and-barbuda |url-status=live }}</ref> which is thought to mean "Island of Herons"; however, it may have also referred to frigate or weather birds, also common on Barbuda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antigua & Barbuda: Barbuda History |url=https://antiguanice.com/client.php?id=697 |access-date=August 1, 2023 |website=antiguanice.com |archive-date=July 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730102036/https://antiguanice.com/client.php?id=697 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Colonial period ===
[[Christopher Columbus]] traveled through the eastern Caribbean south of Antigua in 1493, but it's unclear if he ever sighted Barbuda.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/history/ |title=historical notes |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722171941/https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under a Letters Patent granted to the [[Earl of Carlisle]] in 1625, Captain Smith and John Littleton attempted to colonize Barbuda from St. Kitts.<ref name=":2" /> Barbuda was referred to as "Barbado" in these Letters Patent.<ref name=":2" /> Due to strong Kalinago resistance, this attempt at colonization was unsuccessful; however, subsequent early settlers called Barbuda "Dulcina",<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Antigua and Barbuda {{!}} History, Geography, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda |access-date=August 1, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403214208/https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda |url-status=live }}</ref> and by 1666 the village of Codrington had become the primary residential area.<ref name=":2" /> In 1678, Barbuda was colonized.<ref name=":3" /> The island was given to the Codrington family by the crown in 1685.<ref name=":3" /> The colonisers intended Barbuda to be a slave forced reproduction colony but this never went through.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lowenthal |first1=David |last2=Clarke |first2=Colin G. |title=Slave-Breeding in Barbuda: The Past of a Negro Myth |date=1977 |url=https://www.academia.edu/48964852 |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=292 |issue=1 Comparative P |pages=510–535 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x |bibcode=1977NYASA.292..510L |s2cid=84773420 |issn=0077-8923 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201350/https://www.academia.edu/48964852 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lowenthal |first1=David |last2=Clarke |first2=Colin G. |title=Slave-Breeding in Barbuda: The Past of a Negro Myth |date=June 1977 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=292 |issue=1 Comparative P |pages=510–535 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x |bibcode=1977NYASA.292..510L |s2cid=84773420 |issn=0077-8923 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The Codrington family held Barbuda from 1685 to 1870, and were absentee owners of the island.<ref name="Tweedy">{{Cite thesis |title=A history of Barbuda under the Codringtons 1738–1833 |url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/5356/#:~:text=Barbuda,%20a%20flat%20island%20twenty,by%201738%20concentrated%20in%20Antigua. |publisher=University of Birmingham |date=1981 |degree=m_mlitt |language=English |first=Margaret T. |last=Tweedy |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802000714/https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/5356/#:~:text=Barbuda,%20a%20flat%20island%20twenty,by%201738%20concentrated%20in%20Antigua. |url-status=live }}</ref> The Codringtons were represented on Barbuda by [[List of Attorneys and Resident Managers of Barbuda|their resident managers]].<ref name="Tweedy"/> The slave population in Barbuda grew from 172 in 1746 to 503 in 1831.<ref name="Tweedy"/> Due to the increase in the slave population, to increase profits, the Codringtons attempted to transfer some of slaves to Antigua, which was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref name="Tweedy"/>

Beach's Rebellion, the first slave rebellion on Barbuda, occurred in 1741 as a result of claims of cruel and inhuman treatment of the island's slaves by the island manager Thomas Beach.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=MBE |first=Agnes C. Meeker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KKyIDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Beach%27s+Rebellion%22&pg=PT369 |title=Plantations of Antigua: the Sweet Success of Sugar (Volume 2): A Biography of the Historic Plantations Which Made Antigua a Major Source of the World's Early Sugar Supply |date=October 19, 2018 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-5462-3973-4 |language=en |access-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201351/https://books.google.com/books?id=KKyIDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Beach%27s%20Rebellion%22&pg=PT369 |url-status=live }}</ref> This resulted in the killing of several animals, property of the Codringtons damaged, and the escape of several slaves.<ref name=":6" /> In 1774,<ref name=":6" /> another island manager, named McNish, was killed with seized arms<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://antiguaobserver.com/questions-from-barbudans-to-antiguans-and-vice-versa/ |title=Questions from Barbudans to Antiguans and vice versa &#124; Antigua Observer Newspaper |date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802002520/https://antiguaobserver.com/questions-from-barbudans-to-antiguans-and-vice-versa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> after the mutilation of slaves as a punishment for stealing sheep and cattle.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last1=Museum |first1=Carnegie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7O8dAQAAMAAJ&q=to+put+down+the+rebellion |title=Annals of the Carnegie Museum |last2=History |first2=Carnegie Museum of Natural |date=1997 |publisher=authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute |language=en |access-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201350/https://books.google.com/books?id=7O8dAQAAMAAJ&q=to+put+down+the+rebellion |url-status=live }}</ref> The slaves successfully occupied the Codringtons' castle and its arms and ammunition.<ref name=":7" /> To put down the rebellion, soldiers were brought from Antigua, and two slaves (known as "afro heroes")<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=castle |url=https://sites.rootsweb.com/~atgwgw/sketches/castle.html |access-date=August 2, 2023 |website=sites.rootsweb.com |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802002519/https://sites.rootsweb.com/~atgwgw/sketches/castle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> were burned alive in front of the castle at the main gate.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8" />

In 1834, slavery was abolished in Barbuda per the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]]. Because the entire island had been covered by a single land grant, the Barbudans kept on autonomous cultivation on communal property after slavery's abolition.

In 1860, Barbuda was annexed as a dependency of Antigua, after the passing of the [[Barbuda (Extension of Laws of Antigua) Act]] (c. 43 (Antigua)) in 1859. This made Barbuda subject to the laws of the Antigua colony.

=== Modern history ===
Barbuda was first granted a status of [[autonomy]] in 1976,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1991 |title=Statehood, the Commons, and the Landscape in Barbuda |journal=Caribbean Geography |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=43–52 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Corbett |first=Jack |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/46081/chapter-abstract/404585256?redirectedFrom=fulltext |title=Statehood à la Carte in the Caribbean and the Pacific: Secession, Regionalism, and Postcolonial Politics |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2023 |chapter=Territory |pages=112–146 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780192864246.003.0004 |isbn=978-0-19-286424-6 |access-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813033545/https://academic.oup.com/book/46081/chapter-abstract/404585256?redirectedFrom=fulltext |url-status=live }}</ref> during the concluding era of the [[Associated State of Antigua]]. This autonomous status came after the passing of the [[Barbuda Local Government Act]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |title=Laws of Antigua and Barbuda |publisher=The Ministry of Legal Affairs |chapter=The Barbuda Local Government Act |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119230904/http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> This established the [[Barbuda Council]], which allowed Barbuda to regulate its own public works, finance, and agriculture, among other activities. The Barbuda Local Government Act was later enshrined in the constitution under the Antigua and Barbuda Constitution of 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbuda Local Government Act (Hansard) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/acts/barbuda-local-government-act |access-date=August 13, 2023 |website=api.parliament.uk |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813033545/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/acts/barbuda-local-government-act |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antigua (Termination of Association) (Hansard, 8 July 1981) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1981/jul/08/antigua-termination-of-association#S6CV0008P0_19810708_HOC_447 |access-date=August 13, 2023 |website=api.parliament.uk |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813033545/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1981/jul/08/antigua-termination-of-association#S6CV0008P0_19810708_HOC_447 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Barbuda Council elects a chairperson and a vice chairperson, with Devon Warner serving as chairperson since 2024.

In 1981, the island gained its independence from the United Kingdom as an integral part of [[Antigua and Barbuda]]. It remains part of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], and remains a [[constitutional monarchy]], with [[King Charles III|Charles III]] as [[Monarchy in Antigua and Barbuda|King of Antigua and Barbuda]].

The right for Barbudans to use the island's lands in common was enshrined in the law in 2007 by the [[Baldwin Spencer (politician)|Baldwin Spencer]]-led [[United Progressive Party]] government.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/barbuda-land-act-2007/ |title=Barbuda Land Act 2007 |date=April 4, 2007 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802004255/https://barbudaful.net/barbuda-land-act-2007/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/the-land-issue/ |title=barbuda land rights |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402174717/https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/the-land-issue/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 5, 2007, the Barbuda Council released the final copies of the [[Barbuda Land Acts|Barbuda Land Act]], which created a land registry, a Barbuda Planning Commission, and a National Park Authority, all subordinate to the council.<ref name=":9" /> In 2017, immediately after [[Hurricane Irma]] which devastated Barbuda, this was considered the starting point of the Barbuda land grab which has resulted in various policies and laws made by the [[Gaston Browne]]-led administration relating to Barbudan land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=After Irma, Disaster Capitalism Threatens Cultural Heritage in Barbuda |url=https://nacla.org/news/2019/02/12/after-irma-disaster-capitalism-threatens-cultural-heritage-barbuda |access-date=August 2, 2023 |website=NACLA |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225153657/https://nacla.org/news/2019/02/12/after-irma-disaster-capitalism-threatens-cultural-heritage-barbuda |url-status=live }}</ref> On August 1, 2023, it was announced by the [[Barbuda People's Movement]], which controls the Barbuda seat in parliament, and controls the council, that a bill proposed and passed days earlier that would end Barbudan communal land ownership, would vow to do everything to reverse the decision, with the council being in support of the stance of the Barbuda People's Movement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://antiguaobserver.com/barbuda-mp-vows-to-reverse-bill-removing-communal-land-ownership/ |title=Barbuda MP vows to reverse bill removing communal land ownership &#124; Antigua Observer Newspaper |date=August 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803023451/https://antiguaobserver.com/barbuda-mp-vows-to-reverse-bill-removing-communal-land-ownership/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Christianity is the largest religion on the island, and the main ethnic group being those of African descent. English and [[Barbudan Creole]] are the most commonly spoken languages on the island. Based on voter registration records, the population of Barbuda has grown significantly since Irma.

== Politics and government ==
{{Main|Politics of Antigua and Barbuda|}}
[[File:Districts of Barbuda.svg|thumb|Districts of Barbuda]]
The political system of Antigua and Barbuda is a [[Unitary state|unitary]], [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]], [[Representative democracy|representative democratic]] monarchy. [[Charles III]] is the present [[Queen of Antigua and Barbuda|King of Antigua and Barbuda]].

While executive power is exercised by the government, [[legislative power]] is vested in both the government and the legislature. Antigua and Barbuda elects a legislature on national level. [[Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda|Parliament]] has two [[Bicameralism|chambers]]: the [[House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda|House of Representatives]], which has 19 members, and the [[Senate of Antigua and Barbuda|Senate]], which has 17 appointed members. There are special legislative provisions to account for Barbuda's low population relative to that of [[Antigua]]. Barbuda is guaranteed at least one member of the House of Representatives and two members of the Senate. The current representative for Barbuda in the House of Representatives is {{Current MP for Barbuda}}.

=== Barbuda Council ===
[[File:Barbuda_Council_Millenium_Administration_Building.jpg|thumb|Barbuda Council Millenium Administration Building is the base for the secretary of the council. It is located in Codrington.]]
{{Main|Barbuda Council|Law of Barbuda}}

The Barbuda Council is an 11-member body consisting of nine directly elected and two ''[[ex officio]]'' (Barbuda's House and Senate representatives in the national Parliament). Council sessions are held in Codrington. Councillors serve for four years with elections held every two years in March.

In January of every year, the council elects a chairperson and a deputy chairperson.<ref name=":102">{{Cite web |title=Barbuda Local Government Act, Section 5 |url=http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119230904/http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In a year where an election is held, at the first sitting of the council after the election, this is also an instance where the council must elect a chairperson and a deputy chairperson.<ref name=":102" />

The Barbuda Council has many duties, including administering public utilities and other ministries and departments; managing roadwork; and improving building and marine facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbuda Local Government Act, section 18, subsection 4, paragraph (i) |url=http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119230904/http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The Council also has the power to make local by-laws.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbuda Local Government Act, section 19, subsection 1 |url=http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119230904/http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-44.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Districts ===
Barbuda is divided into eight districts:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Barbuda Master Plan |url=http://erc.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Appendices.pdf}}</ref>
* [[East Coast, Barbuda|East Coast]]
* [[Midlands, Barbuda|Midlands]]
* [[North Coast, Barbuda|North Coast]]
* [[Palmetto, Barbuda|Palmetto]]
* [[Salt Lake, Barbuda|Salt Lake]]
* [[South Coast, Barbuda|South Coast]]
* [[Two Foot Bay]]
* [[West Coast, Barbuda|West Coast]]

== Geography and wildlife ==
[[File:Codrington, Barbuda from the air.jpg|thumb|Codrington from the air with the lagoon visible in the background]]There are a total of 160.56 square kilometers of land, which is equivalent to 62 square miles. Codrington, which is the largest town, has a population of estimated 1,300 people {{As of|2011|alt=as of 2011}}. [[Coral]] [[limestone]] makes up the majority of the island, which has very little [[Topography|topographical]] diversity. The [[Barbuda Highlands]] on the eastern side of the island is home to hills that can reach heights of up to 38 meters (125 feet), but the majority of the island is quite flat, and the northwest corner is home to many lagoons.

Between the months of August and October, the island is at risk of being hit by hurricanes. After Hurricane Irma, [[NASA]] [[Satellite imagery|satellite images]] showed "browning" of Barbuda and other Caribbean islands that had been hit by the storm.<ref name="NASA">{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2017 |title=Barbuda and Saint Barthélemy Browned by Irma |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90975/barbuda-and-saint-barthelemy-browned-by-irma |access-date=May 29, 2023 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |publisher=[[NASA]] |language=en |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529011151/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90975/barbuda-and-saint-barthelemy-browned-by-irma |url-status=live }}</ref> The images, captured by the [[Operational Land Imager (OLI)]] on the [[Landsat 8]] satellite, show a primarily green-colored Barbuda on August 27, 2017, and brown-colored Barbuda on September 12, 2017.<ref name="NASA" /> NASA provided several possible reasons for the browning, including green vegetation being ripped away by hurricane winds, as well as salt spray from the storm coating and [[Desiccation|desiccating]] tree leaves.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2017 |title=Hurricane Irma Turns Caribbean Islands Brown |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90952/hurricane-irma-turns-caribbean-islands-brown |access-date=May 29, 2023 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529011151/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90952/hurricane-irma-turns-caribbean-islands-brown |url-status=live }}</ref>

The climate is classified as [[Tropical marine climate|tropical marine]], which means that there is little seasonal temperature variation. In January and February, the coolest months, the average daily high temperature is {{convert|27|°C}}, while in July and August, the warmest months, the average daily high is {{convert|30|°C}}.

Barbuda is host to several rare and [[Endemism|endemic]] species:

* [[Barbuda warbler]] (''Setophaga subita'') is a [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] species of bird endemic to Barbuda and is found nowhere else in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Threats affecting local wildlife |work=Antigua Observer |url=https://antiguaobserver.com/threats-affecting-local-wildlife/ |access-date=May 22, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523032136/https://antiguaobserver.com/threats-affecting-local-wildlife/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Antiguan racer]] (''Alsophis antiguae'') is among the rarest snakes in the world. It is endemic to Antigua and Barbuda and is found on both islands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Species: Antiguan racer |url=https://www.fauna-flora.org/species/antiguan-racer/ |access-date=May 22, 2023 |website=Flora & Fauna International }}</ref> The Lesser Antilles are home to four species of racers. All four have undergone severe range reductions; at least two subspecies are extinct, and another, ''A. antiguae'', now occupies only 0.1% of its historical range.<ref name="Sajdaka & Henderson 1991">{{cite journal |last1=Sajdaka |first1=Richard A. |last2=Henderson |first2=Robert W. |title=Status of West Indian racers in the Lesser Antilles |journal=Oryx |date=1991 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=33–38 |doi=10.1017/s0030605300034049 |s2cid=35857578 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Griswold's ameiva]] (''Ameiva griswoldi'') is a species of lizard in the genus ''[[Ameiva]]''. It is endemic to Antigua and Barbuda and is found on both islands.
Barbuda is host to several [[Near-threatened species|near-threatened]] bird species, including the [[West Indian whistling duck]] (''Dendrocygna arborea''), endemic to the Caribbean, and the [[white-crowned pigeon]] (''Patagioenas leucocephala'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries: Antigua & Barbuda |url=https://www.fauna-flora.org/countries/antigua-barbuda/ |access-date=May 23, 2023 |website=Flora & Fauna International |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524011413/https://www.fauna-flora.org/countries/antigua-barbuda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Barbuda is also host to the [[Anolis leachii|Barbuda Bank tree anole]] (''Anolis leachii''), an [[Dactyloidae|anole]] endemic to the Caribbean, also known as the Antigua Bank tree anole or panther anole. Barbuda is also one of two islands in eastern Caribbean, along with [[Guiana Island]], to host the [[European fallow deer]] (''Dama dama dama''), an important symbol of the island and of the entire country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=From Icon of Empire to National Emblem: New Evidence for the Fallow Deer of Barbuda |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=global |access-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-date=July 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728174558/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=global |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=Karis H. |last2=Miller |first2=Holly |last3=Doherty |first3=Sean |last4=Gray |first4=Howard W. I. |last5=Daujat |first5=Julie |last6=Çakırlar |first6=Canan |last7=Spassov |first7=Nikolai |last8=Trantalidou |first8=Katerina |last9=Madgwick |first9=Richard |last10=Lamb |first10=Angela L. |last11=Ameen |first11=Carly |last12=Atici |first12=Levent |last13=Baker |first13=Polydora |last14=Beglane |first14=Fiona |last15=Benkert |first15=Helene |date=February 20, 2024 |title=The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=121 |issue=8 |article-number=e2310051121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2310051121 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=10895352 |pmid=38346198 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12110051B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Government of Antigua and Barbuda |url=https://ab.gov.ag/detail_page.php?page=27 |access-date=June 21, 2024 |website=ab.gov.ag |archive-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123153215/https://ab.gov.ag/detail_page.php?page=27 |url-status=live }}</ref> Previously, Barbuda was host to the [[Barbudan muskrat]] (''Megalomys audreyae''), an [[Extinction|extinct]] rodent formerly endemic to the island. The Barbudan muskrat may have gone extinct around 1500 AD.<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.irf.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/BiodiversityProfile_Antigua-Barbuda-Redonda.pdf |title=A Biodiversity Profile: Antiga, Barbuda, Redonda |last1=Horwith |first1=Bruce |last2=Lindsay |first2=Kevel |date=June 1997 |publisher=Island Resources Foundation, Eastern Caribbean Biodiversity Programme |access-date=May 24, 2023 |archive-date=September 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926052440/http://www.irf.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/BiodiversityProfile_Antigua-Barbuda-Redonda.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=MacPhee |first1=Rose D. E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkLjBwAAQBAJ |title=Extinctions in Near Time. Advances in Vertebrate Paleobiology |last2=Flemming |first2=Clare |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |year=1999 |editor-last=MacPhee |editor-first=Rose D. E. |volume=2 |location=Boston |pages=333–371 |chapter=Requiem Æternam |isbn=978-1-4757-5202-1 }}</ref> The Magnificent Frigate Bird Sanctuary, located in Codrington Lagoon, is one of the primary tourist destinations on Barbuda. Few predators exist here, making this Barbuda breeding area the most crucial worldwide for these threatened birds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/our-natural-world/barbudaful-things-to-do-and-see/ |title=Nature tourism |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=September 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930164727/https://barbudaful.net/our-natural-world/barbudaful-things-to-do-and-see/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Drawings ([[petroglyph]]s) made by the Arawak or the Siboney, Barbuda's first inhabitants, may be found inside Indian Cave.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/our-natural-world/barbudaful-things-to-do-and-see/caves/ |title=Our amazing caves |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802165124/https://barbudaful.net/our-natural-world/barbudaful-things-to-do-and-see/caves/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[sinkhole]] in the Barbuda Highlands, Darby Cave is located three and a half miles northeast of Codrington. The Darby Sink Hole has a diameter of more than 300 feet and is around 70 feet deep. [[Stalactite]]s up to eight feet long have grown under the overhang on one side of the hole, which has been severely undercut. The [[Palm (plant)|palms]], [[fern]]s, and [[liana]]s give the vegetation the appearance of a little rainforest.<ref name=":11" /> Two miles south of Darby Cave is Dark Cave. As evidenced by artifacts discovered nearby, the cave's tiny entrance opens into a large cavern with pools of water. These ponds were likely a source of water for Amerindian occupants. The blind shrimp, a rare kind of [[Amphipoda|amphipod]], and various species of bats can be found at Dark Cave.<ref name=":11" /> Five chambers make up the complex of Nicey Cave, and a collapsed roof part serves as the complex's rear entrance and skylight. Three inner chambers are separated by modest ceiling ridges, and there is an outside chamber that is immediately accessible from the outside. The cave's vast stalactites and [[stalagmite]]s are covered in shattered stalactites on the cave floor, which is primarily made of sand. The cave also has a circular stone enclosure that is comparable to [[tortoise]] pens found on modern sites, although the enclosure's walls are too low to accommodate tortoises and it is located distant from natural light.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Barbuda-Caves-study-Sophia-Perdikaris-2013.pdf |title=The Caves of Barbuda's Eastern Coast: Long term occupation, ethnohistory and ritual |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=February 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207012950/https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Barbuda-Caves-study-Sophia-Perdikaris-2013.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Barbuda|Barbudans}}

=== Ethnicity and immigration ===
{{Pie chart|label1=African descendant|value1=95.11|value2=2.88|label2=Mixed black and white|label3=Other mixed|label4=Hispanic|label5=White|label6=Indian|label7=Syrian/Lebanese|label8=Other|label9=Unspecified|value3=1.00|value4=0.44|value5=0.13|value6=0.13|value7=0.13|value8=0.13|value9=0.06|thumb=}}
In 2011, Barbuda had a nearly homogeneous population with nine reported ethnic origins.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Ethnic |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662901.pdf |access-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802165956/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662901.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Ethnicity by parish |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662971.pdf |access-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802170454/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662971.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> The majority of the population identified as African (95.11%), followed by Mixed Black/White (2.88%), other Mixed (1.00%), Hispanic (0.44%), White (0.13%), Indian (0.13%), Syrian/Lebanese (0.13%), and other (0.13%). A small portion (0.06%) did not specify their ethnicity.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />

Regarding the countries of birth in Barbuda, over 18 different countries were represented in the 2011 census.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Country of birth |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662991.pdf |access-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802170853/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662991.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> The top five countries and territories contributing the largest number of people born outside Barbuda were Guyana (2.76%), Dominica (1.50%), Jamaica (1.19%), the United States (1.07%), and the United States Virgin Islands (0.63%).<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Country of birth by parish |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629121.pdf |access-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802171348/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629121.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

Notably, Barbuda had a high proportion of its population (89.28%) born in Antigua and Barbuda, compared to St. John's which had a lower percentage (62.66%) of residents born in the country.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" />

When looking at specific ethnic backgrounds based on the countries of birth, the data showed that a significant majority of people born in Antigua and Barbuda were of African descent (97.12%). Similarly, those born in Guyana (86.36%), Dominica (91.67%), the United States (88.24%), and Jamaica (100.00%) were predominantly of African descent. In contrast, those born in the United States Virgin Islands had a mixed background, with 70.00% being Mixed Black/White and only 30.00% being of African descent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country of birth by parish by ethnicity |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629171.pdf |access-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802172242/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629171.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

The total population of Barbuda in March 2025 was estimated to be 2,233.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Andrew |date=2025-04-22 |title=Barbuda population estimate, March 2025 |url=https://www.axarplex.com/items/barbuda-population-estimate-march-2025 |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Axarplex |language=en}}</ref>

=== Housing and lands ===
{{Main|Housing in Barbuda|Barbuda Land Acts}}
[[File:Top Mission Street, Codrington, Barbuda.jpg|thumb|Concrete and wooden homes with metal roofs in Codrington]]
About 34.31% of Barbudan households consist of only one person, while 18.35% have two people, and 16.51% have three people; the remaining households have four or more people.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Household number of people in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629191.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802174634/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629191.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> The majority of homes (72.84%) use concrete/blocks as the main material for outer walling.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Main material of outer walls |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629221.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802174925/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629221.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Additionally, 12.48% of households use wood.<ref name=":17" /> In terms of dwelling types, 93.58% of homes are separate homes, and 3.49% are businesses and dwellings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Type of dwelling |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629281.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802175101/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629281.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Similar to most homes in Antigua and Barbuda, 93.76% of homes in Barbuda use sheet metal as the main roofing material, with an additional 3.12% using wood shingles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Main material of roofing in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629251.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802175258/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629251.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Moreover, 98.53% of homes are situated on owned/freeheld land, a result of the Barbuda Land Acts that establish a unique system of communal land ownership.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Land tenure |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629341.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802175550/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629341.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref>

=== Education ===
67.46% of Barbuda's population across all age groups lacked any form of educational examination. The most common type of examination, achieved by 7.90% of individuals, was the GCE 'O' level/CXC General examination.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Examination |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629371.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802180002/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629371.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Among those aged 18–59, the largest segment in the country at 50.95% had no level of examination. In comparison, Saint George had the lowest percentage of people aged 18–59 with no examination at 21.88%. Within this age group, 3.70% held a school leaving certificate, 5.16% possessed a high school certificate, 7.07% completed a Cambridge School/CXC examination, 13.69% passed a GCE 'O' level/CXC General examination, 0.79% obtained a GCE 'A' Levels or CAPE examination, 6.51% earned a college certificate, 2.81% had an associate degree, 2.13% held a bachelor's degree, 0.22% had a postgraduate diploma, 0.67% possessed a professional certificate, 0.34% held a master's or doctoral degree, and 5.95% either didn't know or didn't disclose their examination status.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Examination level by parish by age |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629421.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802180402/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629421.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref>

=== Health ===
{{Main|Health in Barbuda}}In 2011, the census reported health statistics for Barbuda. No cases of AIDS were documented,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIDs in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662941.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203104/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662941.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> while 10.75% of the population had allergies,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allergies in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662971.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203213/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662971.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> 6.58% had asthma,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ECLAC/CELADE Redatam+SP 08/02/2023 |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629101.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203316/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629101.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> and 0.32% had cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cancer in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629131.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203418/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629131.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Additionally, 6.45% of the population had diabetes,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diabetes in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629161.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203529/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629161.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> and no cases of HIV were reported.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HIV on Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629191.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203648/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629191.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Among those with allergies, 92.94% were of African descent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allergies by ethnicity by parish |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629241.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802204057/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629241.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref>

Regarding disabilities, 77.62% of the population had no disability, 16.87% had a disability with some difficulty, 4.83% had a disability with lots of difficulty or were unable to do certain things at all, and 0.69% did not state their disability status.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disability of any kind of severity in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629261.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802204631/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629261.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Specific disability breakdowns included 193 people with vision disabilities, with 35.45% attributing it to old age and 22.75% to illness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seeing disability and origin |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629291.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802204824/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629291.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Additionally, 68 people had a hearing disability, with 35.82% unaware of the cause and 26.87% attributing it to old age.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing disability and cause |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629321.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802205012/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629321.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref>

Moreover, 121 people had a walking disability, with 35.29% attributing it to illness, 29.41% to old age, and 15.97% to an accident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walking disability by country |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629351.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802205216/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629351.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> A total of 35 people had a self-care disability, with 38.24% unaware of the cause, 26.47% attributing it to illness, and 23.53% to "other" reasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self-care disability |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629411.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802205439/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629411.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Lastly, 111 people had a remembering disability, with 33.94% attributing it to old age, 26.61% for unknown reasons, 14.68% to illness, 11.01% from birth, and 4.59% to an accident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering disability |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629381.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802205705/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629381.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref>

=== Youth ===
{{Main|Youth in Barbuda}}
In 2011, 33.92% of Barbuda's population, totaling 551 individuals, were aged 0–17.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broad age groups |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629501.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802205918/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629501.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> The age distribution within this group was as follows: 10.91% (177) were aged 0–4, 10.03% (163) were aged 5–9, 7.52% (122) were aged 10–14, and 7.65% (124) were aged 15–19.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 year age groups |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629531.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802210259/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629531.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> Among those aged 0–4, 94.25% were of African descent, 2.87% were Mixed Black/White, and 2.87% were of other Mixed descent.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |title=Ethnicity by 5 year age groups |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629561.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802210634/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629561.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2023 }}</ref> All other youth age groups were predominantly African descendant or mixed.<ref name=":20" />

=== Religion ===
In 2011, Barbuda reported 16 religious affiliations. The majority of the population identified as follows: 26.71% as Pentecostal, 17.66% as Anglican, 17.54% as Wesleyan Holiness, 11.94% as Baptist, 3.90% as irreligious, 3.77% as "other", and 3.39% as Rastafarian. The remaining affiliations were mostly Catholics, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Evangelicals.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |title=Religion in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629541.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803185057/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629541.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>

== Economy ==
=== Business ===
[[File:Middle Section area of Codrington.jpg|thumb|Middle Section area of Codrington, home to the tourism office, supermarkets, Barbuda Council administrative buildings, the sports complex, and public health departments]]
In 2011, Barbuda had 94 business owners. The distribution of monthly earnings for these businesses was as follows: 26.09% earned less than $1,000 EC, 16.30% earned $1,000 to $1,999 EC, 15.22% earned $2,000 to $2,999 EC, 20.65% earned $3,000 to $4,999 EC, and 21.74% earned $5,000 EC or more.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=Business owners on Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662901.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803180338/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662901.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref> Among the business owners, 60 were men and 34 were women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business owners by sex by parish |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662951.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803180754/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662951.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>

For businesses owned by men, the income distribution was: 27.12% earned under $1,000 EC, 15.25% earned $1,000 to $1,999 EC, 11.86% earned $2,000 to $2,999 EC, 25.42% earned $3,000 to $4,999 EC, and 20.34% earned $5,000 EC and over. For businesses owned by women, the income distribution was: 24.24% earned under $1,000 EC, 18.18% earned $1,000 to $1,999 EC, 21.21% earned $2,000 to $2,999 EC, 12.12% earned $3,000 to $4,999 EC, and 24.24% earned $5,000 EC and over.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Business revenues by sex by parish (percentage) |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662971.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803181103/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_14662971.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>

=== Employment ===
In the 2011 census, 1,162 people were surveyed about their job status. The majority, 75.55%, were employed and actively working. Additionally, 9.99% were attending school, 7.10% were retired, and the remaining respondents were mostly unable to work.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |title=Job Status in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629271.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803182053/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629271.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>

Out of the 859 people queried about their workplace, 80.31% had a fixed place of work outside the home, 3.56% worked at home, 15.78% had no fixed place of work, and 0.36% either didn't know or didn't state their workplace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Work place in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629331.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803182526/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629331.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>

Regarding employment types, 61.33% of workers were paid employees of the government, 3.68% worked for statutory bodies, 21.83% were private employees, 0.36% were private home employees, 3.08% were self-employed with paid employees, 8.66% were self-employed without paid employees, 0.59% had another worker status, and 0.47% either didn't know or didn't state their worker status. These figures were based on responses from the 859 individuals surveyed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worker status |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629301.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803182851/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629301.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>

==== Job training ====
In 2011, a total of 486 individuals participated in, tried, or completed various types of training.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Training in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629361.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803183035/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629361.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref> Among them, 70.65% had successfully finished their training, 9.01% were still undergoing training, 17.61% had attempted training, and 2.73% were unsure or had not stated their status.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Training status in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629391.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803183320/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629391.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>

Breaking down the types of training, 50.10% of participants completed on-the-job training, 9.64% completed an apprenticeship, 1.89% completed a correspondence course, 1.05% completed secondary school job training, 24.32% completed vocational/technical/trade training, 0.21% completed commercial/secretarial training, 2.10% completed business/computer training, 4.19% completed university/campus training, 1.26% completed private study, 3.56% completed another type of training, and the remaining respondents either didn't know or didn't state their specific training type.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Type of training in Barbuda |url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629421.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803183814/https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebUtilities.exe/reporte.pdf?LFN=RpBases%5CTempo%5C146629%5C~tmp_146629421.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 3, 2023 }}</ref>[[File:Barbuda Codrington Airport.jpg|thumb|Barbuda Codrington Airport in 2022]]

=== Tourism ===

Barbuda's climate, pristine beaches, and geography have attracted tourists for many years.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=August 22, 2022 |title=Antigua and Barbuda Is Breaking Records, Leading Caribbean Tourism Recovery |url=https://www.caribjournal.com/2022/08/22/antigua-barbuda-caribbean-tourism-recovery/ |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=Caribbean Journal |language=en |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604212643/https://www.caribjournal.com/2022/08/22/antigua-barbuda-caribbean-tourism-recovery/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tourism accounts for more than half Antigua and Barbuda's GDP, 40% of investment, and more than 46% of Antigua and Barbuda's national employment (directly and indirectly).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antigua and Barbuda: Economy |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/economy |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=globaledge.msu.edu |language=en-us |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604212645/https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/economy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Blue Economy Context in Antigua and Barbuda |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/publications/rapid-readiness-assessment-transition-sustainable-blue-economy-pilot-project-antigua-and-barbuda/blue-economy-context-antigua-and-barbuda |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=Commonwealth |language=en |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604212644/https://thecommonwealth.org/publications/rapid-readiness-assessment-transition-sustainable-blue-economy-pilot-project-antigua-and-barbuda/blue-economy-context-antigua-and-barbuda |url-status=live }}</ref> Barbuda is served by [[Burton–Nibbs International Airport]] and also has a ferry service to Antigua.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Henderson |first=James |date=February 5, 2016 |title=Antigua and Barbuda: getting there |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/caribbean/antigua-and-barbuda/articles/antigua-getting-there/ |access-date=June 4, 2023 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604213301/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/caribbean/antigua-and-barbuda/articles/antigua-getting-there/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2022 |title=Getting To Barbuda |url=https://www.visitantiguabarbuda.com/getting-to-barbuda/ |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=Visit Antigua & Barbuda |publisher=Antigua Barbuda Tourism Authority |language=en-US }}</ref> Popular outdoor activities for tourists include swimming, snorkeling, fishing, and caving.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Tara |date=August 10, 2017 |title=17 of the world's most overlooked islands |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-most-overlooked-islands/index.html |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604212643/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-most-overlooked-islands/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MacGregor |first=Sandra |date=October 16, 2022 |title=You Don't Want To Miss These Incredible Turtle Hotspots In Antigua And Barbuda |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sandramacgregor/2022/10/16/you-dont-want-to-miss-these-incredible-turtle-hotspots-in-antigua--barbuda/ |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604212643/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sandramacgregor/2022/10/16/you-dont-want-to-miss-these-incredible-turtle-hotspots-in-antigua--barbuda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Additional popular attractions include the [[Frigatebird|Frigate Bird]] Sanctuary in the Codrington Lagoon, Martello Tower, a 19th-century fort and the Indian Cave with its two rock-carved [[petroglyph]]s.

Other points of interest include the beautiful Pink Sands Beach, Darby's Cave, a [[sinkhole]] with a tropical rain forest inside and Highland House (called ''Willybob'' locally), the ruins of the 18th-century Codrington family home, and the Dividing Wall that separated the wealthy family from its slaves.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelagewest.com/Travel/Caribbean/5-Fun-Things-to-Do-in-Barbuda/#.WbcK0u8UjLw |title=5 Fun Things to Do in Barbuda: TravelAge West |website=Travelagewest.com |date=October 2014 }}</ref><ref name="businessfocusantigua.com">{{cite web |date=May 5, 2017 |title=Barbuda: Set for construction of new resorts and airport runway - Business Focus Antigua |url=http://businessfocusantigua.com/barbuda-set-for-construction-of-new-resorts-and-airport-runway/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055840/http://businessfocusantigua.com/barbuda-set-for-construction-of-new-resorts-and-airport-runway/ |archive-date=September 12, 2017 |access-date=September 11, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiguanice.com/antigua_barbuda_barbuda_places_to_visit.htm |title=Antigua & Barbuda: Places to visit in Barbuda |website=Antiguanice.com |access-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-date=July 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703085327/http://www.antiguanice.com/antigua_barbuda_barbuda_places_to_visit.htm }}</ref> Years after [[Hurricane Luis]], in August 2017, there were still only two operating resorts on the island, although plans were being made to build other resorts before Hurricane Irma.<ref name="businessfocusantigua.com" />

== Culture ==

=== Festivals and sport ===
A Teenage Pageant, the Caribana Queen Show, calypso competitions, and weekend beach parties are typically part of the annual Barbuda Caribana Festival, which takes place in May, and occasionally in early June.<ref>{{Cite web |title=the barbudaful community |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722173434/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=barbudaful |date=June 2, 2006 |title=Caribana 2006 |url=https://barbudaful.net/caribana-2006/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803192203/https://barbudaful.net/caribana-2006/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

From an early age, students are encouraged to participate in sports in school. Two Barbuda Council employees have been designated to support sports in the local area. Since Irma, the basketball and tennis courts have been resurfaced. Athletics, cricket, and horse racing are quite popular, and there are year-round fishing competitions, a triathlon, and other sport activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=barbudaful sports |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722172115/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Barbuda is home to an abundance of lobster, conchs, and other seafood that is responsibly harvested by low impact fishing techniques that have been developed over many generations there. Barbudans frequently go fishing for larger species including kingfish, dolphin or mahi mahi, tuna, and barracuda, which are captured and sold to the hotels throughout the season. In general, these larger fish do not contain the Ciguatera toxicity that limits their ingestion in other regions of the Caribbean. Large barracuda can be seen near to shore in the waters around the island and are eaten widely in Barbuda. All fishing in Barbuda's seas must be done aboard a vessel with a local fishing license.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fishing |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/fishing-2/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB }}</ref>

Since the French, Spanish, and British fought each other for dominance of the Caribbean, there are hundreds of shipwrecks off the shore of Barbuda, dating from various periods in the island's history. The Marine Areas Act has identified and protected each one. Due to Barbuda being a relatively flat and "hard-to-see" island, there are even more contemporary boats that have lost their way onto the perilous reefs that encircle the island.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diving |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/fishing-2-2/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803192157/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/fishing-2-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Occasionally, after 4 o'clock local time on Sundays, the Barbuda Turf Club (horse racing) gathers at the local track in the Spring View sector south of the airport. There are often four races, each featuring two or three horses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Horse racing |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/horse-racing/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803192202/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/horse-racing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Barbuda tennis court was partially motivated by the success of the Anguilla professional tennis program and is open all day, every day to anyone who wishes to play tennis. School groups have utilized it for CXC sport exams, and there used to be a vibrant tennis association that worked hard to establish connections with Antigua to keep the sport alive on Barbuda and raise money through contributions. Barbuda has thus produced a few talented tennis players. Since the court was resurfaced after Hurricane Irma, this group has disbanded and a formal tennis program is now required, along with some new initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/tennis/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722171933/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/tennis/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The floodlit basketball court is where the Vipers, Young Warriors, Rockers, Flip-mo, Boars, and Vikings teams compete in a league table structure, with the top teams moving on to the playoffs. The basketball season on Barbuda typically begins in August. Barbudans have experienced great success playing basketball internationally and have been signed by numerous institutions in the US and other nations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basketball |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/basketball/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722170424/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/basketball/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Antigua Barbuda Triathlon's Barbuda leg has rekindled interest in endurance sports on Barbuda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletics |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/athletics/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803192205/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/barbudaful-sports/athletics/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
While lobster is cooked directly from the sea, there are frequently individuals grilling on the street. Deer meat, land turtle, seafood (lobster, crab, conch), locally raised beef, lamb, or goat are some of the regional specialties. These meals are sometimes served with rice, fungi (similar to the Italian polenta), or dumplings, particularly yabba dumplings. Soursop, ginger beer, passion fruit, sea moss, tamarind, and other regional juices are among the drinks available. Fresh fish and lobster are frequently served on the street in cold boxes or at the fisheries pier as the boats dock most days between 2 and 4 pm local time. Although there is no market on Barbuda, local produce is occasionally sold in the Barbuda Council agriculture building, local fruit and vegetables are also sold on the street.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eat & Drink |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/eat-drink-shop/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803192205/https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/eat-drink-shop/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Burton–Nibbs International Airport]], the only public airport on Barbuda
* [[Sir McChesney George Secondary School]], the only secondary school on Barbuda

== Citations ==

{{reflist}}

{{Government of Antigua and Barbuda works}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Barbuda|voy=Barbuda}}

* [https://barbudaful.net/ Barbudaful]
* [https://www.facebook.com/BarbudaCouncilPR Barbuda Council on Facebook]
* [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100081750073766 Barbuda Council Department of Agriculture, Lands & Forestry]
* [https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063183281669 Barbuda's Public Health Department]
* [https://agriculture.gov.ag/index.php/barbuda-affairs/ Ministry of Barbuda Affairs]
* [https://barbudaful.net/archives/ Jicky's Latest News and archives]

{{Parishes and dependencies of Antigua and Barbuda}}
{{Populated places of Antigua and Barbuda}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Barbuda| ]]
[[Category:1670s establishments in the Caribbean]]
[[Category:1678 establishments in North America]]
[[Category:1678 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:Dependencies of Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:Former English colonies]]
[[Category:Islands of Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1678]]
[[Category:Autonomous administrative divisions]]