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{{Short description|European Commission from 2004 to 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox European Commission
| cabinet_name            = Barroso Commission
| cabinet_number          = 4th & 5th
| incumbent               = 
| image                   = Barroso EC Portrait 2005.jpg
| image_size              = 200px
| caption                 = 
| date_formed             = {{Start date|2004|11|22|df=y}}
| date_dissolved          = {{End date|2014|10|31|df=y}}
| commission_head         = '''[[President of the European Commission|President]]'''<br />[[José Durão Barroso]]
| commission_head_history = 
| deputy_commission_head  = '''[[Vice-President of the European Commission|First Vice President]]'''<br />''First College:'' [[Margot Wallström]]<br />''Second College:'' [[Catherine Ashton]]
| state_head              = 
| members_number          = 
| former_members_number   = 
| total_number            = 
| political_party         = <!-- or | political_parties = -->
| legislature_status      = 
| opposition_cabinet      = 
| opposition_party        = <!-- or | opposition_parties = -->
| opposition_leader       = <!-- or | opposition_leaders = -->
| election                = [[2004 European Parliament election]]<br />[[2009 European Parliament election]]
| last_election           = 
| legislature_term        = 
| budget                  = 
| advice_and_consent1     = 
| advice_and_consent2     = <!-- up to 5 times -->
| incoming_formation      = 
| outgoing_formation      = 
| predecessor             = [[Prodi Commission]]
| successor               = [[Juncker Commission]]
}}
The '''Barroso Commission''' was the [[European Commission]] in office from 22 November 2004 until 31 October 2014. Its [[President of the European Commission|president]] was [[José Durão Barroso]], who presided over 27{{Efn|24 until 1 January 2007 ([[2007 enlargement of the European Union|Accession]] of [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]]) then 26 until 1 July 2013 ([[2013 enlargement of the European Union|Accession]] of [[Croatia]])}} other commissioners (one from [[Member state of the European Union|each of the states]] composing the [[European Union]], aside from [[Portugal]], which is Barroso's state).<ref name="EC Members"/> On 16 September 2009 Barroso was re-elected by the [[European Parliament]] for a further five years<ref>[http://www.euronews.net/2009/11/27/barroso-names-new-eu-commission-team/ Barroso names new EU commission team. Euronews] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229173707/http://www.euronews.net/2009/11/27/barroso-names-new-eu-commission-team/ |date=29 February 2012 }}. Retrieved 27 November 2009.</ref> and his Commission was approved to take office on 9 February 2010.<ref name="B2 approved"/>

Barroso was at first seen as the lowest common denominator by outside commentators, but his proposed team of Commissioners earned him some respect<ref name="Barroso bold"/> before triggering a crisis when the [[European Parliament]] objected to some of them, forcing a reshuffle.<ref name="BBC approved"/> In 2007 the Commission gained two new members when [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]] joined the [[European Union]].<ref name="R&B app"/>

Barroso's handling of his office was markedly more presidential than his predecessors.<ref name="Servant grow"/> During his term the Commission passed major legislation including the [[Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals|REACH]]<ref name="REACH ALDE"/> and [[Directive on services in the internal market|'Bolkestein']] Directives.<ref name="BD IHT"/> Under Barroso, the [[European Civil Service|civil service]] in the Commission became more [[Economic liberalism|economically liberal]].<ref name="reshuffle right"/>

==History==
{{further|History of the European Union (since 2004)}}
{{Politics of the European Union}}
Barroso was nominated as president and approved by Parliament in July 2004.<ref name="Barroso confirmed"/> However his proposed Commission met with opposition from the Parliament, notably concerning [[Rocco Buttiglione]] and his conservative comments which were seen as incompatible with his role as [[List of European Commission portfolios#Justice, Freedom and Security|European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security]]. The opposition plunged the EU into a minor crisis before Barroso conceded to the Parliament and reshuffled his team, removing Buttiglione, and his Commission took office on 22 November 2004.<ref name="BBC approved"/> The commission was joined in 2007 by two further Commissioners when [[Bulgaria]] and [[Romania]] joined the EU.<ref name="R&B app"/>

===Presidential candidates===
The [[Prodi Commission]] was due to end its mandate at the end of October 2004, so following the [[2004 European Parliament election|2004 elections]] to the [[6th European Parliament|Sixth European Parliament]], candidates for [[President of the European Commission|Commission President]] began to be considered. There was strong backing for [[Prime Minister of Belgium|Belgian Prime Minister]] [[Guy Verhofstadt]] ([[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|EDLR]]) from Ireland, France and Germany who saw him as a "convinced European and also a fighter".<ref name="Candidates DW">{{cite web|title=Choosing a New EU Commission President|date=4 June 2004|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1237192,00.html|access-date=26 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223062825/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0%2C%2C1237192%2C00.html|archive-date=23 December 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> However the federalist was opposed by Spain<ref name="Candidates DW"/> the United Kingdom, Italy and [[Poland]] due to his vocal opposition to both the [[Iraq War]] and the inclusion of God in the [[European Constitution]].<ref name="Candidates EPHA">{{cite web|title=Two more candidates for Commission President|date=18 June 2004|publisher=EPHA|url=http://www.epha.org/a/1298|access-date=26 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071105211616/http://www.epha.org/a/1298| archive-date= 5 November 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Irish [[Taoiseach]] [[Bertie Ahern]] ([[Alliance for Europe of the Nations|AEN]]) was also a popular candidate but did not wish to take up the job.<ref name="key candidates">{{cite web|title=Commission president: Key candidates|date=27 June 2004|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3816901.stm|access-date=26 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080105012653/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3816901.stm| archive-date= 5 January 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Due to the victory of the [[European People's Party]] in the previous election, EPP parties were keen to get one of their members into the post, including [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg|Luxembourgian Prime Minister]] [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] ([[European People's Party|EPP]]), who refused, and [[Chancellor of Austria|Austrian Chancellor]] [[Wolfgang Schüssel]] ([[European People's Party|EPP]]), who was in a coalition with the far-right [[Freedom Party of Austria]] which discredited him as a candidate to some governments.<ref name="Candidates DW"/>

A number of Commissioners were also touted, notably [[Franz Fischler]], [[European Commissioner for Agriculture & Rural Development|Commissioner for Agriculture]] ([[Austria]], [[European People's Party|EPP]]), [[António Vitorino]], [[European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom & Security|Commissioner for JHA]] ([[Portugal]], [[Party of European Socialists|PES]]), [[Chris Patten]], [[European Commissioner for External Relations|Commissioner for External Relations]] (UK, [[European Democrats|ED]]), [[Michel Barnier]], and [[European Commissioner for Regional Policy|Commissioner for Regional Policy]] (France, [[European People's Party|EPP]]).<ref name="Candidates DW"/>

Other candidates were [[High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy|High Representative]] [[Javier Solana]] (Spain, [[Party of European Socialists|PES]]) and [[President of the European Parliament|President of the Parliament]] [[Pat Cox]] (Ireland, [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ELDR]]) however both were light candidates. However Barroso emerged as a leading candidate despite his support for the Iraq War<ref name="key candidates"/> and being seen as the [[lowest common denominator]] following objections to other candidates. The Parliament approved Barroso as president on 22 July 2004 by 413 votes to 215 (44 abstentions) with most of his support coming from the [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|EPP-ED]] group. He did however earn praise for his later choice of commissioners.<ref name="Barroso bold">{{cite web|title=The European Commission's new president has shown bold political judgement|date=13 August 2004|work=The Independent|url=http://comment.independent.co.uk/leading_articles/article39017.ece|access-date=26 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025014401/http://comment.independent.co.uk/leading_articles/article39017.ece|archive-date=25 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Barroso confirmed">{{cite web|title=MEPs confirm new Brussels chief|date=22 July 2004|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3915693.stm|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref>

===Commissioner hearings===
Barroso rejected the idea of a "[[supercommissioner]]" and desired 1/3 of the commission to be women and that the most powerful portfolios should be handed to those most capable, not those from larger states.<ref name="Barroso confirmed"/><ref name="Appoint women"/> His sharing out of jobs between the larger and smaller states equally earned him some early praise.<ref name="Barroso bold"/> Candidates were proposed by national governments for each of the Commissioners and Parliament held hearings for them, to determine their suitability, between 27 September and 11 October of that year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Election of the Europeans and then make sure that Commission|date=22 October 2004|publisher=[[Europa (web portal)|European Parliament]]|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+PRESS+BI-20041022-1+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref>

During the hearings, members found fault in a number of Commissioners. Committees questioned the suitability of [[Ingrida Udre]] ([[European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union|Taxation and Customs Union]]), [[László Kovács (politician)|László Kovács]] ([[European Commissioner for Energy|Energy]]), [[Neelie Kroes]] ([[European Commissioner for Competition|Competition]]) and [[Mariann Fischer-Boel]] ([[European Commissioner for Agriculture & Rural Development|Agriculture]]). However the most controversial was [[Rocco Buttiglione]] as [[List of European Commission portfolios#Justice, Freedom and Security|European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security]] due to his conservative comments (on women's position in marriage and that homosexuality was a [[sin]]) which, in the eyes of some MEPs, made him unsuitable for a job securing civil rights in the EU<ref name="B sway">{{cite web|last=Bowley|first=Graham|title=EU deputies not swayed on Buttiglione : Barroso proposals fail to quell revolt|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/10/22/union_ed3__10.php|date=22 October 2004|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref> leading to the [[Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs|civil rights committee]] to be the first committee to vote down an incoming Commissioner.<ref name="B demos">{{cite web|last=Bowley|first=Graham|title=Buttiglione affair highlights evolving role of Parliament : Questions arise on democracy at the EU|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/10/18/brussels_ed3_.php|date=18 October 2004|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref>

The [[Party of European Socialists]] (PES) were the most vocal critics of Barroso and his proposed Commission, while the [[European People's Party]] (EPP) backed the commission with the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]] (ALDE) split. Barroso attempted to offer small concessions to Parliament but they were not accepted as the PES made clear they would vote down the commission as it stood, leaving the divided ALDE holding the balance of whether the Barroso Commission would be the first Commission in [[History of the European Union|EU history]] to rejected by Parliament. The EPP demanded that if Buttiglione were to go, then a PES commissioner must also be sacrificed for balance.<ref name="B reject">{{cite web|last=Bowley|first=Graham|title=Socialists vow to oppose incoming team : Barroso optimistic on commission vote|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/10/26/union_ed3__11.php|date=26 October 2004|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref>

Barroso eventually gave in and withdrew his proposed college of Commissioners and, following three weeks which left Prodi continuing as a caretaker, proposed a new line-up. There were three changes to help his dented authority and win the support of Parliament: Buttiglione had been withdrawn by Italy and replaced by foreign minister [[Franco Frattini]], László Kovács was moved from Energy to Taxation and Ingrida Udre was withdrawn and replaced by [[Andris Piebalgs]] who took over the now vacant post of Energy.<ref name="F instead">{{cite web|last=Bowley|first=Graham|title=EU Parliament likely to accept commission : Barroso set to win with new team|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/11/17/union_ed3__6.php|date=17 November 2004|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref>

However a further issue concerning [[Jacques Barrot]] was raised by [[Independence/Democracy]] co-leader [[Nigel Farage]] MEP. Barrot, a returning Commissioner nominated as a [[Vice-President of the European Commission|Vice-President]] with the [[European Commissioner for Transport|Transport portfolio]], had received a suspended prison sentence in 2000 in relation to a funding scandal involving his political party. He subsequently received a [[Pardon#Pardons and clemency in France|Presidential amnesty]] from then-[[President of France|French President]] [[Jacques Chirac]] and Barroso was unaware of the conviction until it was raised by Parliament. Despite this, Barroso stood by Barrot stating he was fit for office.<ref name="A amnesty">{{cite web|last=Bowley|first=Graham|title=Questions arise over another EU commissioner|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/11/20/eu_ed3__0.php|date=17 November 2004|access-date = 20 November 2007}}</ref> Farage had also made allegations against vice-president [[Siim Kallas]], stating he had a criminal record in fraud. However this proved false, based on an inaccurate newspaper article, and an apology was published.<ref name="B amnesty">{{cite web|title=Siim Kallas – An apology & correction|publisher=[[United Kingdom Independence Party]]|url=http://ukip.org/ukip_news/gen12.php?id=1323&t=1|date=31 March 2004|access-date = 20 November 2007}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

Despite this, the commission was approved on 18 November 2004, 449 votes in favour, 149 against and 82 abstentions, after Barroso gained the support of all three major parties and they took office on 22 November, three weeks after they were due to.<ref name="BBC approved">{{cite web|last=Bowley|first=Graham|title=MEPs approve revamped Commission|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4021499.stm|date=19 November 2004|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref>

===2007 enlargement===
[[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]] joined the EU on 1 January 2007 with each being granted a single Commissioner, increasing the college of Commissioners to 27 members. Both new Commissioners were approved by the Parliament on 12 December 2006.<ref name="R&B app">{{cite web|title=Bulgarian, Romanian EU commissioners approved|agency=Reuters|url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L12681451.htm|date=12 December 2006|access-date = 23 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071111031652/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L12681451.htm| archive-date= 11 November 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> [[Meglena Kuneva]] was proposed by Bulgaria and was assigned the [[European Commissioner for Consumer Protection|Consumer Protection portfolio]], previously part of the joint [[European Commissioner for Health & Consumer Protection|Health & Consumer Protection portfolio]]. She was welcomed by Parliament with the EPP and PES being impressed by her aims and attitude.<ref name="BG supp">{{cite web|title=Kuneva to boost consumer confidence in business|publisher=EurActiv|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/health/kuneva-boost-consumer-confidence-business/article-160068|date=13 December 2006|access-date=23 November 2007|archive-date=8 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208153715/http://www.euractiv.com/en/health/kuneva-boost-consumer-confidence-business/article-160068|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuneva with 583 votes "in favour", 21 votes "against" and 28 votes "abstentions".<ref name="R&B app"/>

Romania originally proposed [[Senate of Romania|Senator]] [[Varujan Vosganian]], however he quickly met with opposition from Socialists and the Commission itself due to his far right views and having no experience of the EU or profile outside Romania. That nomination was replaced by [[Leonard Orban]] who was given the portfolio of [[European Commissioner for Multilingualism|Multilingualism]], previously part of [[European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture|Education, Training & Culture]].<ref name="RO prv">{{cite web|title=EU's Barroso backs Romania's nominee for commissioner|publisher=EU Business|url=http://www.eubusiness.com/Institutions/061030195210.8xn2knok|date=30 October 2006|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref> This however was met a cool reception for being such a slim portfolio. [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats|PES Group]] leader [[Martin Schulz]] MEP suggested it should instead focus on ethnic minorities but this was rejected by Barroso.<ref name="RO crit">{{cite web|title=Socialists criticise new commissioner's portfolio|publisher=EurActiv|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/socialists-criticise-new-commissioner-portfolio/article-159715|date=23 May 2007|access-date = 23 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071222225225/http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/socialists-criticise-new-commissioner-portfolio/article-159715| archive-date= 22 December 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Orban was approved by Parliament with 595 votes in favour, 16 against and 29 abstentions.<ref name="R&B app"/>

===End of term resignations===
In March 2008, Commissioner Kyprianou left the Commission following [[2008 Cypriot presidential election|presidential elections in]] [[Cyprus]] to become [[List of Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus|his home country's new foreign minister]]. He was replaced by [[Androula Vassiliou]] who was approved by Parliament on 9 April.<ref name="Kyp go">{{cite web|last=Latham|first=Mark|title=Parliament backs Vassiliou as health commissioner|url=http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2008/04/713april/parliament-backs-vassiliou-as-health-commissioner/60268.aspx|publisher=European Voice|date=10 April 2008|access-date = 15 April 2008}}</ref> Commissioners leaving early towards the end of their mandate is common, as they seek to secure their next job, but can undermine the commission as a whole.<ref name="Leave early">{{cite web|last=Mahony|first=Honor|title=EU commission musical chairs begins in Brussels|publisher=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/25773|date=4 March 2008|access-date = 5 March 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080310062819/http://euobserver.com/9/25773| archive-date= 10 March 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Kyprianou was followed by [[Franco Frattini]] on 23 April 2008 following [[2008 Italian general election|elections in Italy]] when he was recalled to serve as [[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs|foreign minister of Italy]]. Frattini's responsibilities were handed to Barrot (who held them in addition to his existing transport duties) until a replacement for Frattini could be found.<ref name="Frat go">{{cite web|last=Igra|first=Daniel|title=Berlusconi victory confirms Frattini's departure|url=http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2008/04/1420april/berlusconi-victory-confirms-frattini-s-departure/60311.aspx|publisher=European Voice|date=15 April 2008|access-date = 15 April 2008}}</ref> In light of Parliament's opposition in 2004 when Buttiglione was deemed inappropriate for the justice portfolio, when [[Antonio Tajani]] [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] (another right wing candidate) was put forward to replace Frattini, president Barroso handed him Barrot's transport portfolio, leaving Barrot to continue with the justice portfolio for continuity and to ensure Parliament would back Tajani in such as non-sensitive position as Transport (but one still of interest to Italy due to problems with [[Alitalia]]).<ref>Kubosova, Lucia (23 April 2008) [http://euobserver.com/18/26028 Barroso shifts EU commission jobs between France and Italy], EU Observer</ref> Parliament approved Tajani on 18 June 2008 with a vote of 507 to 53 (64 abstentions).<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/focus_page/008-31558-168-06-25-901-20080612FCS31557-16-06-2008-2008/default_en.htm Round-up of Tajani and Barrot hearings] European Parliament 18 June 2008</ref> [[Peter Mandelson]] then left in October 2008 to return to national politics as [[Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform]], being replaced by [[Catherine Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland|Baroness Ashton]].<ref>Phillips, Leigh (3 October 2008) [http://euobserver.com/9/26864 Trade commissioner Mandelson resigns], [[EU Observer]]</ref> Following the [[2009 European Parliament election|2009 election]] two commissioners stood down to accept seats in the European Parliament: [[Danuta Hübner]] (Poland) and [[Louis Michel]] (Belgium) who were replaced by [[Paweł Samecki]] (4 July) and [[Karel De Gucht]] (17 July) respectively. [[Dalia Grybauskaitė]] (Lithuania) was replaced by [[Algirdas Šemeta]] on 1 July 2009) after becoming [[President of Lithuania]].<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/index_en.htm The members of the Barroso Commission (2004–2009)] [[Europa (web portal)|European Commission]]. Retrieved 4 September 2009</ref> [[Ján Figeľ]] (Slovakia) was replaced by [[Maroš Šefčovič]] on 1 October 2009 after being elected leader of the [[Christian Democratic Movement]] on 21 September 2009.

===Second term – Barroso===
In 2008, Barroso steadily won support from leaders for a second term as president, [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[Silvio Berlusconi]] both declared their support for Barroso, though Barroso himself stated it is up to the political parties in Parliament.<ref name="AFP 79"/><ref name="Sarko yes"/> On 19 July 2008 Barroso stated for the first time that he was seeking a second term<ref name="Barroso yes"/> and was backed by the EPP for re-election.<ref name="EPP back">{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Simon|title= Barroso wins backing for second term|date=16 October 2008|publisher=European Voice|url=http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2008/10/barroso-wins-backing-for-second-term/62730.aspx|access-date=18 October 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081024002823/http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2008/10/barroso-wins-backing-for-second-term/62730.aspx| archive-date= 24 October 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> In the [[2009 European Parliament election|2009 elections]], the EPP maintained their position as largest party, though without an absolute majority even with the support of other parties to their right. Yet the second and third largest groups, the PES and ALDE, failed to put forward an alternative candidate to challenge Barroso even if they had won.<ref>Mahony, Honor (13 June 2009) [http://euobserver.com/883/28297 Socialists warn EU leaders to respect parliament on Barroso issue], EU Observer. Retrieved 3 September 2009.</ref><ref>Simon, Joan Marc (23 March 2009) [http://federalists.cafebabel.com/en/post/2009/03/23/European-Federalism-Barroso-Commission-President-Candidate-European-Parties-PSE-EPP Barroso: the candidate of all European parties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520054442/http://federalists.cafebabel.com/en/post/2009/03/23/European-Federalism-Barroso-Commission-President-Candidate-European-Parties-PSE-EPP |date=20 May 2010 }}, European Federalists (Cafe Babel). Retrieved 3 September 2009.</ref> Despite this, a loose red-green-yellow coalition (the PES/S&D and ALDE with [[The Greens–European Free Alliance]]) formed against Barroso in an attempt to gain concessions from him. They demanded Barroso set out clearly his policy guidelines for his next term and offer key posts in the commission to their group members.<ref>Mahony, Honor (2 September 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/28610 Barroso to publish policy programme for next commission], EU Observer. Retrieved 3 September 2009.</ref> They also attempted to push the vote back beyond the ratification date for the [[Treaty of Lisbon]] to have more power over his appointment.<ref>Phillips, Leigh (28 August 2009) [http://euobserver.com/18/28589 Parliament chief wants mid-September decision on Barroso], EU Observer. Retrieved 3 September 2009.</ref>

In a meeting with the political groups on 10 September 2009, Barroso argued his new policies to a packed room with an unusually lively debate as Barroso defended his record against the Greens, his most ardent opponents. Despite holding his own in the debate he did not win support from the Greens.<ref>Phillips, Liegh (10 September 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/28646 Barroso holds his own in spectacular brawl with Greens], EU Observer</ref> however the PES/S&D and ALDE leaders softened their opposition, the latter approving of the idea of a Commissioner for Human Rights.<ref name="CHR">Mahony, Honor (10 September 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/28643 Next commission set for human rights post], EU Observer</ref> Following the plenary debate on 15 September the EPP and anti-federalist [[European Conservatives and Reformists Group|European Conservatives and Reformists]] declared support, with conditional support from ALDE. The PES/S&D, Greens/EFA and eurosceptic [[Europe for Freedom and Democracy]] group all declared opposition, criticising ALDE for switching camps.<ref>Mahony, Honor (15 September 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/28670 Barroso fails to convince critics in parliament speech], EU Observer</ref> However the groups struggled to enforce a party line as MEPs vote via a secret ballot.<ref name="CHR"/> The vote took place on 16 September 2009.<ref>Mahony, Honor (10 September 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/28645 Commission president vote confirmed for next week], EU Observer</ref> On 16 September 2009, Barroso was re-elected by Parliament by 382 to 219 (out of 718, with 117 abstentions).

===Second term – College===
Although [[Jacques Barrot]] wished to stay, French President Sarkozy favoured [[Michel Barnier]] and<ref>[http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20091124/local/dalli-named-to-eu-post Timesofmalta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127084933/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20091124/local/dalli-named-to-eu-post |date=27 November 2009 }}, Retrieved 24 November 2009</ref> [[Vladimír Špidla]] was also interested but his party is out of government.<ref name="EA Spec">[http://www.euractiv.com/en/opinion/new-european-commission/article-180216 The new European Commission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102033839/http://www.euractiv.com/en/opinion/new-european-commission/article-180216 |date=2 January 2010 }}, EurActiv 27 August 2009</ref> [[Benita Ferrero-Waldner]] lacks support in Austria and was replaced<ref name="EA Spec"/> Communications Commissioner [[Margot Wallström]] did not intended to return for another third term and has criticised her portfolio for not having any powers. She recommended that her successor be a "Citizen's Commissioner" with a legislative agenda, including control over [[ERASMUS programme|Erasmus]].<ref>Mahony, Honor (1 September 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/28598 Wallstrom: EU needs a commissioner for citizens], EU Observer</ref> To gain the liberal vote in Parliament Barroso pledged to create a Commissioner for Civil Liberties and a Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration (who will forge a common migration policy), splitting the current Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio.

The new portfolios, as well as splitting home affairs from civil liberties, merges [[Enlargement of the European Union|enlargement]] with the [[European Neighbourhood Policy|neighbourhood policy]], creates a post for [[climate change]] and scraps or merges weak dossiers such as communication (which was also open to charges of propaganda) and [[European Commissioner for Multilingualism|multilingualism]]. There are still some weak posts however, such as humanitarian aid and institutional relations.<ref name="line-up">Mahony, Honor (27 November 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/29062 Barroso unveils new commission line-up], [[EU Observer]]</ref>

There was some minor controversy over appointing a Frenchman to the Internal Market due to France's desire to regulate the [[City of London]], however the civil service department for such regulation will not be headed by a Briton. There was also concern over a Romanian taking on agriculture, as Romania has had problems managing its EU farm subsidies.<ref name="line-up"/> Although Barroso had wished for greater gender balance, only one extra woman was nominated to the new Commission.<ref name="full house"/> All the vice-presidents are returning Commissioners and their order of precedence is: Catherine Ashton (first vice-president), Viviane Reding, Joaquin Almunia, Siim Kallas, Neelie Kroes, Antonio Tajani and then Maroš Šefčovič.<ref>Brunsden, Jim (27 November 2009) [http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2009/11/barroso-explains-his-choices/66560.aspx Barroso explains his choices], European Voice</ref><ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/1837 President Barroso unveils his new team], Europa press release 27 November 2009</ref>

Bulgaria's initial candidate, [[Rumiana Jeleva]], was forced to step down due to opposition from MEPs, mainly the PES, who questioned her suitability and financial interests despite backing from the EPP (to which her national party belongs). Bulgaria rapidly submitted [[Kristalina Georgieva]], but this forced the vote on the commission to be delayed weeks so Georgieva's hearings could be arranged.<ref>Mahony, Honor (19 January 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/29296 EU commission vote delayed as Bulgarian nominee steps down], EU Observer</ref> The only other commissioner-designate to lack support was returning commissioner [[Neelie Kroes]], who was also seen to perform poorly in her hearing. However, she was invited back and secured more support, indicating she will get approval from Parliament.<ref>Willis, Andrew (19 January 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/29300 Kroes performs better in second EP audition], EU Observer</ref>

Parliament approved the new line-up on 9 February 2010 with 488 votes in favour. 137, [[The Greens–European Free Alliance]] and [[European United Left–Nordic Green Left]], voted against while 72 MEPs abstained; including the [[European Conservatives and Reformists Group|European Conservatives and Reformists]] who abstained on democracy grounds.<ref name="B2 approved">Mahony, Honor (9 February 2010) [http://euobserver.com/9/29436 EU votes in new commission after long delay], EU Observer</ref> The greens criticised the other parties for opposing Barroso's team and then voting in favour anyway, protesting that Barroso "assigned portfolios without respect to the prospective commissioners' competences. Worse still, he moved commissioners from posts where they were doing a good job. The new college risks being characterised by internal power struggles instead of teamwork due to the unclear division of responsibilities." while the conservatives desired a vote for them individually as "there were strong candidates who we would have endorsed, and weak candidates who we would have opposed."<ref>Banks, Martin (9 February 2010) [http://www.theparliament.com/no_cache/latestnews/news-article/newsarticle/eu-commission-wins-seal-of-approval-despite-ecr-absention/ EU commission wins seal of approval]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, theParliament.com</ref>

However, in exchange for approving the commission, Parliament secured an agreement from Barroso ensuring Parliament's president may attend the Commission meetings and international negotiations. However Barroso resisted Parliament's calls for ''de facto'' legislative initiative for Parliament and for a veto power over [[European Union Special Representative|special representatives]].<ref name="B2A">{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Simon|title =MEPs agree working relations with Barroso|publisher=[[European Voice]]|date=28 January 2010|url=http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/meps-agree-working-relations-with-barroso/66982.aspx|access-date = 28 June 2007 }}</ref>

==Legislation and actions==
[[File:Bolkestein.png|thumb|The [[Bolkestein Directive]] faced strong opposition.]]
There have been a number of high-profile pieces of legislation, inherited from Prodi and initiated by the President Commission. In most cases Barroso has been keep to connect himself to them rather than leave it to individual commissioners.<ref name="Consider resign"/> The commission's work includes the opening up of the EU's [[Tertiary sector of economic activity|services sector]] with the [[Directive on services in the internal market|'Bolkestein' Directive]]<ref name="BD IHT"/> and the largest piece of legislation thus far, the [[Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals|REACH directive]].<ref name="REACH ALDE"/> Through its work in getting agreement on such legislation, it has regained some respect as a neutral player previously lost in fighting with member states.<ref name="EA CD">{{cite web|title=Interview with European Commission Secretary-General Catherine Day|publisher=EurActiv |url= http://www.euractiv.com/en/future-eu/interview-european-commission-secretary-general-catherine-day/article-158149 |date=8 June 2007|access-date=23 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071022221939/http://euractiv.com/en/future-eu/interview-european-commission-secretary-general-catherine-day/article-158149| archive-date= 22 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

===Services===
One legislative package inherited from the [[Prodi Commission]] was the [[Directive on services in the internal market]], commonly known as the 'Bolkestein Directive', which sought to liberalise the EU's [[Tertiary sector of economic activity|services sector]] which accounts for two-thirds of the EU's economy. Barroso's [[European Commissioner for Internal Market & Services|Market Commissioner]], [[Charlie McCreevy]], put forward a text following far reaching amendments proposed by Parliament and protests from trade unions.<ref name="BD IHT">{{cite web|title=EU ministers reach deal on controversial services directive|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/05/29/business/service.php|date=31 May 2006|access-date=23 November 2007}}</ref>

An agreement was finally reached in May 2007 which excluded sectors such as social care, healthcare, gambling, port services, television media and security services among others. McCreevy also dropped the proposed country of origin principle where a company could operate in another EU country under their home state's labour rules.<ref name="BD IHT"/>

===Roaming===
One piece of legislation notably managed to win widespread public support, the [[Regulation on roaming charges in the European Union]] from [[European Commissioner for Information Society & Media|Information Society & Media Commissioner]] [[Viviane Reding]]. The legislation capped [[Roaming#Tariffs|roaming charges]] for calls made from a mobile phone being used in an EU member state other than its own, which were seen as disproportionally high by the commission. It was approved despite opposition from mobile phone operators, however the Socialists in Parliament had wanted more concessions from industry.<ref name="Roam FT">{{cite web|last=Laitner|first=Sarah|author2=Tobias Buck|title=EU agrees to slash 'roaming' charges|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/bb579a12-03e6-11dc-a931-000b5df10621|date=16 May 2007|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref>

Reding has seen the legislation as a success and stated that, despite initial fears, there have not been price rises on domestic calls as a result of the caps. However she noted that operators had instead tried to "trick" users to switching to more expensive tariffs or using more expensive options such as texting which was not covered by the legislation.<ref name="Roam TP">{{cite web|last=Banks|first=Martin|title=EU phone users 'still not getting a fair deal|publisher=TheParliament.com|url=http://www.eupolitix.com/EN/News/200711/3647237f-b6c8-47c1-8988-6e9540059c0b.htm|date=20 November 2007|access-date=23 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218062800/http://www.eupolitix.com/EN/News/200711/3647237f-b6c8-47c1-8988-6e9540059c0b.htm|archive-date=18 December 2007|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

===Other policy===
The [[Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals|REACH directive]] was another major piece of legislation agreed in 2006 after three years of negotiations. The directive aims to regulate the use of over 30,000 chemicals used in the EU (which produces 28% of the worlds chemicals) for risks to the environmental or human health. The commission's proposals were watered down by Parliament who were seen by some environmental groups as watering down the proposals.<ref name="REACH NS">{{cite web|title=Europe poised to put tough chemical laws in place|work=[[New Scientist]]|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn10707|date=1 December 2006|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref> The directive was the largest single piece of legislation ever produced by the commission and is expected to set the standards for the rest of the world.<ref name="REACH ALDE">{{cite web|title=Parliament and Council finally REACH agreement on chemicals legislation|publisher=[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group|ALDE website]]|url=http://www.alde.eu/index.php?id=42&type=98&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=8233&cHash=1bf007b5e8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209055205/http://www.alde.eu/index.php?id=42&type=98&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=8233&cHash=1bf007b5e8|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 February 2009|date=30 November 2006|access-date=23 November 2007}}</ref>

10 January 2007 marked the publication of the commission's first venture into an [[Energy policy of the European Union|EU energy policy]], which had an emphasis on fighting climate change with a binding target of a 20% cut in [[greenhouse gases]] by 2020. The policy also aimed for a true common energy market, more low-carbon energy and through this, greater energy independence from oil exporters such as Russia.<ref name="Energy BBC">{{cite web|title=EU plans 'industrial revolution'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6247199.stm|date=10 January 2007|access-date = 23 November 2007}}</ref>

In a case inherited from the Prodi Commission, [[European Commissioner for Competition|Competition Commissioner]] [[Neelie Kroes]] had engaged in a drawn out case against [[Microsoft]] concerning abuse of its dominant market position. Microsoft refused to comply with the Commissions demands and received a 497 million euro fine, the largest imposed by the commission on a single company. In this case, [[European Union v. Microsoft]], Microsoft failed to win its appeal at the [[European Court of Justice]] in 2007 and agreed to co-operate with the commission.<ref name="MS loss">{{cite web|title=Microsoft drops appeals in EU antitrust case|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/24/business/msft.php|date=24 October 2006|access-date = 23 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071026073651/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/24/business/msft.php| archive-date= 26 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

On 3 March 2010, president Barroso announced [[Europe 2020]], a proposal for a major 10-year strategy aimed at reviving the [[European economy]]. It targets "smart, sustainable, [[inclusive growth]]" with greater co-ordination of national and European policy.<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/news/economy/100303_en.htm "Europe 2020: Commission proposes new economic strategy", European Commission] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306083951/http://ec.europa.eu/news/economy/100303_en.htm |date=6 March 2010 }}. Retrieved 5 March 2010.</ref>

On 5 December 2012 the [[antitrust]] regulators of Barroso Commission fined [[Philips]], [[LG Electronics]], [[Samsung]] SDI, [[Panasonic]], [[Toshiba]] and [[Technicolor SA|Technicolor]] for [[price fixing]] of TV [[cathode-ray tube]]s in two cartels lasting nearly a decade.<ref name="ET">{{cite web |title=Philips, LG Electronics, 4 others fined 1.47 billion Euros for EU cartel |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/philips-lg-electronics-4-others-fined-1-47-billion-euros-for-eu-cartel/articleshow/17493208.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=5 December 2012 |access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref> The biggest fine, of 313.4 million euros, was imposed on Philips, followed by LG Electronics with 295.6 million euros. Panasonic was fined 157.5 million euros, Samsung SDI 150.8 million euros, Technicolor 38.6 million euros and Toshiba 28 million euros.<ref name="ET"/>

==Composition==
The Barroso Commission is led by president [[José Manuel Barroso]] and consists of 26 other [[Commissioner]]s (24 between 2004 and 2007). There is one member from each [[European Union member state]], nine are women and members are drawn primarily from the three major [[European political parties]], Barroso himself being from the [[European People's Party]]. There are seven [[Vice-President of the European Commission|Vice-Presidents]] and the most senior is [[Catherine Ashton]].<ref name="EC Members"/>

===President===
[[File:José Manuel Barroso MEDEF.jpg|thumb|[[José Manuel Barroso|President Barroso]] in 2007]]

The [[President of the European Commission|President]] is the former [[Prime Minister of Portugal]]; [[José Manuel Barroso]]. He took over from former [[Italian Prime Minister]] [[Romano Prodi]] who served from 1999 ([[Prodi Commission]]). He is a member of the [[European People's Party]] and was appointed by the [[European Council]] in June 2004 in response to the victory of the [[european People's Party (European Parliament group)|EPP-ED]] in the [[2004 European Parliament election|2004 European elections]]. Some of Barroso's stated aims are to tackle voter apathy and [[euroscepticism]], visible during those elections, to work with the United States and to develop a "defence identity."<ref name="Appoint women">{{cite web|last=Fuller|first=Thomas|title=Barroso insists he will control portfolios : More women sought as EU commissioners|date=23 June 2004|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/07/23/union_ed3__1.php|access-date=26 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025031757/http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/07/23/union_ed3__1.php |archive-date=25 October 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Barroso comes from a small integrationist state and had become unpopular due to his economic policies.<ref name="key candidates" /> His government had backed the United States in the [[Iraq War]]. The leader of the [[Party of European Socialists|socialist group]], [[Martin Schulz]], criticised him for his pro- war stance, optimised by his organisation of the [[Preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq|Azores summit]].<ref name="Appoint women" /> Despite such opposition, the [[European Parliament]] approved him as president by 413, although there were difficulties over his choice of Commissioners (see below).

He has earned some criticism due to his leadership of the expanded Commission – with it being notably more Presidential than his predecessors.<ref name="Servant grow">{{cite web|title=EU commission sees civil servants' power grow|date=22 February 2007|publisher=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/843/23553|access-date=26 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023004954/http://euobserver.com/843/23553 |archive-date=23 October 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Barroso had unusually been linked with all the commission's major initiatives, for example those on energy and climate change, rather than the particular Commissioner responsible.<ref name="Consider resign">{{cite web|last=Mahony|first=Honor|title=Barroso considered resigning as commission chief|date=22 November 2007|work=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/25200|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref> He also had a number of "pet projects" such as the [[Galileo positioning system]] and the [[European Institute of Innovation and Technology]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Kubosova|first=Lucia|title=EU approves extra funds for Galileo and technology institute|date=26 November 2007|work=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/25213|access-date=26 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218200741/http://euobserver.com/9/25213 |archive-date=18 December 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

He had also been accused of acting in favour of larger states to secure a desired second term in office.<ref name="more political" /><ref name="curry">{{cite web|last=Buck|first=Tobias|author2=George Parker|title=Barroso accused of currying favour with biggest states|date=22 December 2006|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7cc69b48-9160-11db-b71a-0000779e2340|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref> This has gone so far as to overrule [[Charlie McCreevy|Commissioner McCreevy]] ([[European Commissioner for Internal Market & Services|internal market commissioner]]) from overhauling artists' levies after pressure from France, despite Barroso himself being an economic liberal.<ref name="curry" /><ref name="future policy 109">{{cite web|last=Mahony|first=Honor|author2=Lucia Kubosova|title=Commissioners to plan next EU projects|date=10 September 2007|work=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/24734|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref> In July 2008 he succeeded in winning the support of [[President of France|French President]] [[Nicolas Sarkozy]], [[President of the European Parliament|Parliament President]] [[Hans-Gert Pöttering]]<ref name="Sarko yes">{{cite web|last=Mahony|first=Honor|title=Sarkozy backs Barroso for second go as EU commission president|date=10 July 2008|work=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/26475|access-date=10 July 2008}}</ref> and [[Prime Minister of Italy|Italian Prime Minister]] [[Silvio Berlusconi]].<ref name="AFP 79">{{cite web|title=Berlusconi backs Barroso to head EU Commission again|date=9 July 2008|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jKK7ruTJU5bAX35DfSc49cQud_qA|access-date=16 July 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212225842/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jKK7ruTJU5bAX35DfSc49cQud_qA|archive-date=12 February 2009}}</ref> However he has stated it is up to the parties in Parliament to decide<ref name="AFP 79" /> and that despite his attempts for re-election being well known, he never publicly declared this intention<ref name="AFP 79" /> until an interview on 19 July 2008. He further stated he felt honoured and privileged to serve as president.<ref name="Barroso yes">{{cite web|last=Mahony|first=Honor|title=Barroso admits he wants to be EU commission president for a second time|date=19 July 2008|work=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/26513 |access-date=21 July 2008}}</ref> In fact, he did consider resigning as president during the talks on the [[Treaty of Lisbon]], notably due to notorious disagreements between Germany and [[Poland]], but considered to do so would be "too theatrical".<ref name="Consider resign" /> In October 2008 he won the informal support of the [[European People's Party]] for re-election. The EPP came out as the largest party after the 2009 elections and, after gaining the support of other rightist parties, Barroso won Parliament's support for a second term on 16 September 2009. His team was approved by Parliament in February 2010 after a number of concessions to Parliament.

===First college===
[[File:Wallström EC 2004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Margot Wallström]], First Vice-President and Commissioner for Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy]]

Member states appointed one [[European Commissioner|Commissioner]] each (including the President). It was the first Commission where larger member-states did not have two Commissioners and the first full Commission following the 2004 enlargement. From 2004 there were 25 members, raising to 27 from 2007. There were 9 women in the college as of 3 March 2008 and no ethnic minorities,<ref name="EC Members">{{cite web|title=The members of the Barroso Commission (2004–2009)|publisher=[[Europa (web portal)|European Commission]]|url=http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/index_en.htm|access-date=26 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071013011213/http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/index_en.htm| archive-date= 13 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Barroso had stated he wished for more women in his Commission, than in previous Commissions, and he would use his influence over national capitals to gain this.<ref name="Appoint women"/> Most Commissioners (20) were born in the 1940s and 1950s with the youngest member being [[Olli Rehn]] (born 1962) and the oldest being [[Jacques Barrot]] (born 1937).<ref name="EC Members"/>

Most members were former ministers with links to the Union, for example being [[Foreign Minister]], Minister for European Affairs or represented their country in [[Enlargement of the European Union|accession talks]] or at the [[Convention on the Future of Europe|European Convention]]. In addition to Barroso both [[Siim Kallas]] and [[Vladimír Špidla]] were former Prime Ministers. [[Viviane Reding]] was the only Commissioner with a background in the European Parliament.<ref name="EC Members"/>

Politically they came from each of the major political parties; the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party]] (8), the [[European People's Party]] (8) and the [[Party of European Socialists]] (6). In addition there were 4 [[Independent (politician)|Independents]] and one member of the [[Alliance for Europe of the Nations]].<ref name="EC Members"/> Barroso had been complimented for balancing the portfolios between countries, such as between small and large, new and old, and pro- and anti- [[Iraq War|(Iraq) war]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BM: The new Commission – some initial thoughts |year=2004 |publisher=BM Brussels |url=http://www.bmbrussels.be/box_bmnewcomm.php |access-date=26 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017185218/http://bmbrussels.be/box_bmnewcomm.php |archive-date=17 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Before 2007 there were only 7 Liberals and 3 Independents.<ref name="EC Members"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" width=100% style="border-collapse:collapse; border:#555"
|-
! class="unsortable" |
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[European Commissioner|Commissioner]]
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" class="unsortable" | Portrait
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[List of European Commission portfolios|Portfolio]]
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[Member state of the European Union|State]]
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[European political party|Party]]
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Barroso</span>[[José Durão Barroso]]
|[[File:Barroso EC Portrait 2005 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[President of the European Commission|President]]
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Portugal|Portugal]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]]''</small>
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Wallstrom</span>[[Margot Wallström]]
|[[File:Wallström EC 2004 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Institutional Relations</span>[[Vice-President of the European Commission#First Vice-President|First Vice-President]];<br />[[List of European Commission portfolios#Communication strategy|Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Sweden|Sweden]]
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|SAP]]''</small>
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Verheugen</span>[[Günter Verheugen]]
|[[File:Oliver Mark - Günter Verheugen, Berlin 2007.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Enterprise and Industry</span>[[Vice-President of the European Commission|Vice-President]];<br />[[European Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship|Enterprise and Industry]]
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Germany|Germany]]
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Frattini</span>[[Franco Frattini]]
|[[File:Franco Frattini EC 2001.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Justice, Freedom and Security</span>Vice-President;<br />[[List of European Commission portfolios#Justice, Freedom and Security|Justice, Freedom and Security]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Italy|Italy]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[The People of Freedom|PDL]]''</small>
| Served until 23 April 2008
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Tajani</span>[[Antonio Tajani]]
|[[File:Tajani EC Portrait 2007.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Transport</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Transport|Transport]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Italy|Italy]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[The People of Freedom|PDL]]''</small>
| Served from 18 June 2008
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Barrot</span>[[Jacques Barrot]]
|[[File:Jacques Barrot 2004 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Justice, Freedom and Security</span>Vice-President;<br />[[List of European Commission portfolios#Justice, Freedom and Security|Justice, Freedom and Security]]
|{{flagicon|France}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#France|France]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]''</small>
| Held Transport until 2008. Took JFS when Frattini left. Frattini's replacement took Transport.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Kallas</span>[[Siim Kallas]]
|[[File:Siim Kallas 2004 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud</span>Vice-President;<br />[[List of European Commission portfolios#Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud|Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud]]
|{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Estonia|Estonia]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[Estonian Reform Party|Reform]]''</small>
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Almunia</span>[[Joaquín Almunia]]
|[[File:Joaquin Almunia Mercosul.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs|Economic and Financial Affairs]]
|{{flagicon|Spain}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Spain|Spain]]
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">McCreevy</span>[[Charlie McCreevy]]
|[[File:Charlie McCreevy portrait.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services|Internal Market and Services]]
|{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Ireland|Ireland]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[Fianna Fáil|FF]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Fischer Boel</span>[[Mariann Fischer Boel]]
|[[File:Mariann Fischer Boel.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development|Agriculture and Rural Development]]
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Denmark|Denmark]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[Venstre (Denmark)|Venstre]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Kroes</span>[[Neelie Kroes]]
|[[File:Neelie kroes.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Competition|Competition]]
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]]''</small>
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Mandelson</span>[[Peter Mandelson]]
|[[File:Peter Mandelson, September 2008.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Trade|Trade]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]''</small>
| Served until 3 October 2008
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Ashton</span>[[Catherine Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland|Catherine Ashton]]
|[[File:Baroness Ashton headshot.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Trade|Trade]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]''</small>
| From 1 December 2009, Ashton became the new [[High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy|High Representative]] and swapped the external relations portfolio with Ferrero-Waldner. However Ferrero-Waldner maintained control over the [[European Neighbourhood Policy|Neighbourhood Policy]] and [[EuropeAid Development and Cooperation|EuropeAid]].
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Borg</span>[[Joe Borg]]
|[[File:Joe Borg 2004 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs|Fisheries and Maritime Affairs]]
|{{flagicon|Malta}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Malta|Malta]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Nationalist Party (Malta)|PN]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Dimas</span>[[Stavros Dimas]]
|[[File:Stavros Dimas 2008 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for the Environment|Environment]]
|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Greece|Greece]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[New Democracy (Greece)|ND]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Kyprianou</span>[[Markos Kyprianou]]
|[[File:Markos Kyprianou 2007.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Health|Health]]
|{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Cyprus|Cyprus]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<ref>Party did not belong to a European political party, but sat with the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe|ALDE]] group in Parliament.</ref><br /><small>''National: [[Democratic Party (Cyprus)|DIKO]]''</small>
| Served until 3 March 2008. Prior to 1 January 2007, portfolio included [[European Commissioner for Consumer Protection|Consumer Protection]]
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Vasiliou</span>[[Androulla Vassiliou]]
|[[File:Androulla Vassiliou2.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Health|Health]]
|{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Cyprus|Cyprus]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[United Democrats|EDI]]''</small>
| Served from 3 March 2008
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Michel</span>[[Louis Michel]]
|[[File:Louis Michel.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid|Development and Humanitarian Aid]]
|{{flagicon|Belgium|state}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Belgium|Belgium]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[Reformist Movement|MR]]''</small>
| Served until 17 July 2009
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Gucht</span>[[Karel De Gucht]]
|[[File:Karel-de-gucht.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid|Development and Humanitarian Aid]]
|{{flagicon|Belgium|state}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Belgium|Belgium]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|Open VLD]]''</small>
| Served from 17 July 2009
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Rehn</span>[[Olli Rehn]]
|[[File:Olli Rehn by Moritz Kosinsky 2.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Enlargement|Enlargement]]
|{{flagicon|Finland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Finland|Finland]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[Centre Party (Finland)|Keskusta]]''</small>
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Spidla</span>[[Vladimír Špidla]]
|[[File:Vladimir Spidla, 2007 crop.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion|Employment, Social&nbsp;Affairs and Equal&nbsp;Opportunities]]
|{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Czech Social Democratic Party|ČSSD]]''</small>
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Kovács</span>[[László Kovács (politician)|László Kovács]]
|[[File:MSZP Congress July 2014-07.JPG|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union|Taxation and Customs Union]]
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Hungary|Hungary]]
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Hungarian Socialist Party|MSZP]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Grybauskaitė</span>[[Dalia Grybauskaitė]]
|[[File:Dalia Grybauskaitė, Member of the EC (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget|Financial Programming and the Budget]]
|{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Lithuania|Lithuania]]
|''[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]''
| Served until 1 July 2009
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Semeta</span>[[Algirdas Šemeta]]
|[[File:Algirdas Šemeta.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget|Financial Programming and the Budget]]
|{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Lithuania|Lithuania]]
|''[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]''
| Served from 1 July 2009
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Ferrero-Waldner</span>[[Benita Ferrero-Waldner]]
|[[File:Benita Ferrero-Waldner.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for External Relations|External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy]]
|{{flagicon|Austria}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Austria|Austria]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Austrian People's Party|ÖVP]]''</small>
| From 1 December 2009, Ashton became the new [[High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy|High Representative]] and swapped the external relations portfolio with Ferrero-Waldner. However Ferrero-Waldner maintained control over the [[European Neighbourhood Policy|Neighbourhood Policy]] and [[EuropeAid Development and Cooperation|EuropeAid]].
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Figeľ</span>[[Ján Figeľ]]
|[[File:Ján Figel.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth|Education, Training and Culture]]
|{{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Slovakia|Slovakia]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Christian Democratic Movement|KDH]]''</small>
| Prior to 1 January 2007, portfolio included [[European Commissioner for Multilingualism|Multilingualism]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Hübner</span>[[Danuta Hübner]]
|[[File:Hubner Danuta.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Regional Policy|Regional Policy]]
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Poland|Poland]]
|''[[Party of European Socialists]]<br>''National'': [[Independent politician|Independent]]''
| Served until 4 July 2009
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Samecki</span>[[Paweł Samecki]]
|[[File:Pawel Samecki 2014 AB.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Regional Policy|Regional Policy]]
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Poland|Poland]]
| ''Independent''
| Served from 4 July 2009
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Piebalgs</span>[[Andris Piebalgs]]
|[[File:Andris Piebalgs on March 31, 2010.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Energy|Energy]]
|{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Latvia|Latvia]]
|[[European Peoples Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Latvian Way|LC]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Potočnik</span>[[Janez Potočnik]]
|[[File:Janez Potočnik.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Research and Innovation|Science and Research]]
|{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Slovenia|Slovenia]]
|''Independent''
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Reding</span>[[Viviane Reding]]
|[[File:Viviane Reding.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Digital Agenda|Information Society and Media]]
|{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Christian Social People's Party|CSV]]''</small>
| 
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Kuneva</span>[[Meglena Kuneva]]
|[[File:Meglena Kuneva.jpg|70px]]
|[[List of European Commission portfolios#Consumer Protection|Consumer Protection]]
|{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[National Movement for Stability and Progress|NDSV]]''</small>
| Served from 1 January 2007. Prior to 2007, this portfolio was part of Health and Consumer Protection.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Orban</span>[[Leonard Orban]]
|[[File:Leonard Orban 2006 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[List of European Commission portfolios#Multilingualism|Multilingualism]]
|{{flagicon|Romania}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Romania|Romania]]
|''Independent''
| Served from 1 January 2007. Prior to 2007, this portfolio was part of [[European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture|Education, Training and Culture]]
|-
|}

===Second college===
[[File:AshtonClinton.jpg|thumb|[[Catherine Ashton]] (left), High Representative and First vice-president with the US Secretary of State]]
The second Barroso Commission was elected by Parliament on 9 February 2010 after securing concessions from president Barroso and securing the replacement of the Bulgarian designate. They had support from all except for [[The Greens–European Free Alliance]] and the [[European United Left–Nordic Green Left]] and the [[European Conservatives and Reformists Group|European Conservatives and Reformists]].<ref name="B2 approved"/> The new college included the High Representative for the first time, due to changes from the Lisbon Treaty. Therefore, the High Representative, Catherine Ashton, became ''[[List of Latin phrases: E|ex-officio]]'' First-[[Vice President of the European Commission|Vice-President]].

Despite requests for more women, member states nominated only nine women of the twenty-seven designates. In keeping with the balance in the council, and Barroso's voting base in parliament, most Commissions stem from the centre-right with 13 from the EPP, 7 from ALDE and only 7 from the centre-left PES. 13 members (including all the vice-presidents) are staying on from the previous Barroso Commission and Barnier served in the [[Prodi Commission]]. Below are all the Commissioners as their appointment. Some innovations include splitting the justice, freedom and security portfolio, creating the climate action portfolio and reversing the splits created in 2007 for the Bulgarian and Romanian commissioners.<ref name="line-up"/><ref name="full house">Mahony, Honor (25 November 2009) [http://euobserver.com/9/29043 Barroso has full house of commissioner nominees], [[EU Observer]]</ref> When Croatia joined the EU in July 2013, the Health/Consumer Protection split made during Bulgaria's accession in 2007 was replicated.

Dalli was forced to resign in October 2012 due to a lobbying frame-up. His replacement is [[Tonio Borg]].

Five commissioners ([[Janusz Lewandowski]], [[Neven Mimica]], [[Viviane Reding]], [[Maroš Šefčovič]] and [[Antonio Tajani]]) took electoral leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 while [[Olli Rehn]] began his leave earlier from 7 April 2014. During that time, each of their portfolios was taken over by [[Andris Piebalgs]], [[László Andor]], [[Johannes Hahn]], [[José Manuel Barroso]], [[Michel Barnier]] and [[Siim Kallas]], respectively.<ref>[http://euobserver.com/news/123733 EU Observer – Six Commissioners Head for EU Election Campaign Trail]</ref> After the elections and parliament's promulgation on 1 July 2014, Lewandowski, Reding, Rehn and Tajani took up their seats as MEPs and were each replaced by the same commissioners as when they were on leave (Piebalgs, Hahn, Kallas and Barnier, respectively).<ref>[http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2385629&language=en Barroso announces caretaker replacements following resignation of 4 EU Commissioners]</ref> [[Karel De Gucht]] took neither electoral leave nor his eventual seat.<ref>[http://euobserver.com/institutional/124835 Four EU commissioners give up posts, become MEPs]</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" width=100% style="border-collapse:collapse; border:#555"
|-
! class="unsortable" |
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[European Commissioner|Commissioner]]
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" class="unsortable" | Portrait
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[List of European Commission portfolios|Portfolio]]
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[Member state of the European Union|State]]
!  bgcolor="#99BADD" | [[European political party|Party]]
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Barroso</span>[[José Durão Barroso]]
|[[File:Barroso EC Portrait 2008.jpg|70px]]
|[[President of the European Commission|President]]
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Portugal|Portugal]]
|[[European People's Party|EPP]]<br /><small>''National: [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]]''</small>
|Acting Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration Commissioner from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014.
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Ashton</span>[[Catherine Ashton]]
|[[File:Baroness Ashton headshot.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">High Representative</span>[[Vice-President of the European Commission|First Vice-President]];<br />[[High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy|Foreign Affairs and Security Policy]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]}}
|[[Party of European Socialists|PES]]<br /><small>''National: [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Reding</span>[[Viviane Reding]]
|[[File:Viviane Reding.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship</span>[[Vice-President of the European Commission|Vice-President]];<br />[[European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship|Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship]]
|{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Christian Social People's Party|CSV]]''</small>
|Resigned 1 July 2014; on campaign leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014. Portfolio deputised to [[Johannes Hahn]] both times.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Reicherts</span>[[Martine Reicherts]]
|[[File:Martine Reicherts 2014 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship</span>[[European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship|Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship]]
|{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|Appointed 16 July 2014.
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Almunia</span>[[Joaquín Almunia]]
|[[File:Joaquin Almunia Mercosul.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Competition</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Competition|Competition]]
|{{flagicon|Spain}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Spain|Spain]]
|PES<br /><small>''National: [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Kallas</span>[[Siim Kallas]]
|[[File:Kallas EC Portrait 2010.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Transport</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Transport|Transport]] 
|{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Estonia|Estonia]]
|[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|ALDE]]<br /><small>''National: [[Estonian Reform Party|Reform]]''</small>
|Acting Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro Commissioner from 7 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 and 1 July 2014 – 16 July 2014.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Kroes</span>[[Neelie Kroes]]
|[[File:Neelie kroes.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Digital Agenda</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Digital Agenda|Digital Agenda]]
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|ALDE<br /><small>''National: [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Tajani</span>[[Antonio Tajani]]
|[[File:Tajani EC Portrait 2007.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Industry and Entrepreneurship</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship|Industry and Entrepreneurship]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Italy|Italy]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[The People of Freedom|PdL]]''</small>
|Resigned 1 July 2014; on campaign leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014. Portfolio deputised to [[Michel Barnier]].
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Nelli Feroci</span>[[Ferdinando Nelli Feroci]]
|[[File:Konferenzdiskussion zur `ZUKUNFT DER EU` (28069257067) (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Industry and Entrepreneurship</span>[[European Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship|Industry and Entrepreneurship]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Italy|Italy]]
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|Appointed 16 July 2014.
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Sefčovič</span>[[Maroš Šefčovič]]
|[[File:Maroš Šefčovič 2009.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration|Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration]]
|{{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Slovakia|Slovakia]]
|PES<br /><small>''National: [[Direction – Social Democracy|Smer-SD]]''</small>
|Acting Health & Consumer Policy Commissioner from 16 October 2012 – 28 November 2012.<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/dalli/index_en.htm V-P Šefčovič takes temporary charge of health and consumer portfolio], European Commission</ref> On campaign leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014; portfolio deputised to [[José Manuel Barroso]].
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Rehn</span>[[Olli Rehn]]
|[[File:Olli Rehn by Moritz Kosinsky 2.jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro|Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro]]
|{{flagicon|Finland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Finland|Finland]]
|ALDE<br /><small>''National: [[Centre Party (Finland)|Keskusta]]''</small>
|Was made vice-president, and gained added responsibility for the euro, on 27 October 2011.<ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/11/714 José Manuel Durão Barroso President of the European Commission Speech by President Barroso: Briefing on the conclusions of the European Council of 23 and 26 October 2011 European Parliament Strasbourg, 27 October 2011], European Commission</ref> Resigned 1 July 2014; on campaign leave from 7 April 2014 – 25 May 2014. Portfolio deputised to [[Siim Kallas]] both times.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Katainen</span>[[Jyrki Katainen]]
|[[File:Jyrki Katainen in June 2013 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|<span style="display:none">Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro</span>Vice-President;<br />[[European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro|Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro]]
|{{flagicon|Finland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Finland|Finland]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[National Coalition Party|KOK]]''</small>
|Appointed 16 July 2014.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Potočnik</span>[[Janez Potočnik]]
|[[File:Janez Potocnik - World Economic Forum on Europe 2010.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for the Environment|Environment]]
|{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Slovenia|Slovenia]]
|ALDE<br /><small>''National: [[Liberal Democracy of Slovenia|LDS]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Piebalgs</span>[[Andris Piebalgs]]
|[[File:Andris Piebalgs on March 31, 2010.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Development|Development]]
|{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Latvia|Latvia]]
|EPP
|Acting Financial Programming and the Budget Commissioner from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 and 1 July 2014 – 16 July 2014.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Barnier</span>[[Michel Barnier]]
|[[File:Barnier, Michel-9568.jpg|70px]]
|Vice President<br />[[European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services|Internal Market and Services]]
|{{flagicon|France}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#France|France]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]''</small>
|Acting Industry and Entrepreneurship Commissioner from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 and 1 July 2014 – 16 July 2014. Was made Vice President from 1 July 2014.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Vassiliou</span>[[Androulla Vassiliou]]
|[[File:Androulla Vassiliou2.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth|Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth]]
|{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Cyprus|Cyprus]]
|ALDE<br /><small>''National: [[United Democrats|EDI]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Semeta</span>[[Algirdas Šemeta]]
|[[File:Algirdas Šemeta.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud|Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud]]
|{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Lithuania|Lithuania]]
|EPP
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Gucht</span>[[Karel De Gucht]]
|[[File:Karel-de-gucht.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Trade|Trade]]
|{{flagicon|Belgium|state}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Belgium|Belgium]]
|ALDE<br /><small>''National: [[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|Open VLD]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Dalli</span>[[John Dalli]]
|[[File:John Dalli 2011 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy|Health and Consumer Policy]]
|{{flagicon|Malta}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Malta|Malta]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Nationalist Party (Malta)|PN]]''</small>
|Resigned on 16 October 2012.<ref>[http://euobserver.com/institutional/117887 EU commissioner resigns in tobacco-lobby dispute], EU Observer 16 October 2012</ref>
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Dalli</span>[[Tonio Borg]]
|[[File:Tonio Borg (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy|Health]]
|{{flagicon|Malta}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Malta|Malta]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Nationalist Party (Malta)|PN]]''</small>
|Appointed on 28 November 2012. Prior to 1 July 2013, portfolio included Consumer Policy.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Geoghegan-Quinn</span>[[Máire Geoghegan-Quinn]]
|[[File:Máire Geoghegan-Quinn, November 2009 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science|Research, Innovation and Science]]
|{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Ireland|Ireland]]
|ALDE<br /><small>''National: [[Fianna Fáil|FF]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Lewandowski</span>[[Janusz Lewandowski]]
|[[File:Janusz Lewandowski Sejm 2016.JPG|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget|Financial Programming and the Budget]]
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Poland|Poland]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Civic Platform|PO]]''</small>
|Resigned 1 July 2014; on campaign leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014. Portfolio deputised to [[Andris Piebalgs]] both times.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Dominik</span>[[Jacek Dominik]]
|[[File:Jacek Dominik 2014 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget|Financial Programming and the Budget]]
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Poland|Poland]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Civic Platform|PO]]''</small>
|Appointed 16 July 2014.
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Damanaki</span>[[Maria Damanaki]]
|[[File:Ministru_prezidents_Valdis_Dombrovskis_tiekas_ar_Eiropas_Savienības_(ES)_jūrlietu_un_zivsaimniecības_komisāri_Mariju_Damanaki_(7093055433).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries|Maritime Affairs and Fisheries]]
|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Greece|Greece]]
|PES<br /><small>''National: [[Panhellenic Socialist Movement|PASOK]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Georgieva</span>[[Kristalina Georgieva]]
|[[File:Kristalina Georgieva (7).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response|International&nbsp;Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response]]
|{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: proposed by [[Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria|GERB]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Oettinger</span>[[Günther Oettinger]]
|[[File:Guenther h oettinger 2007.jpg|70px]]
|Vice President<br />[[European Commissioner for Energy|Energy]]
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Germany|Germany]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]''</small>
|Was made Vice President from 1 July 2014.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Hahn</span>[[Johannes Hahn]]
|[[File:JohannesHahnPortrait.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Regional Policy|Regional Policy]]
|{{flagicon|Austria}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Austria|Austria]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Austrian People's Party|ÖVP]]''</small>
|Acting Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship Commissioner from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 and 1 July 2014 – 16 July 2014.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Hedegaard</span>[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|[[File:Connie Hedegaard at COP15.jpg|70px]]
|[[List of European Commission portfolios#Climate Action|Climate Action]]
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Denmark|Denmark]]
|EPP<br /><small>''National: [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|KF]]''</small>
|
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Füle</span>[[Štefan Füle]]
|[[File:Stefan File (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy|Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy]]
|{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
|PES<br /><small>''National: [[Czech Social Democratic Party|ČSSD]]''</small>
|
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Andor</span>[[László Andor]]
|[[File:Andor, László-9469.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion|Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion]]
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Hungary|Hungary]]
|PES<br /><small>''National: [[Hungarian Socialist Party|MSZP]]''</small>
|Acting Consumer Protection Commissioner from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014.
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Malmström</span>[[Cecilia Malmström]]
|[[File:Cecilia Malmström 2.jpg|70px]]
|[[List of European Commission portfolios#Home Affairs|Home Affairs]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Sweden|Sweden]]
|ALDE<br /><small>''National: [[Liberal People's Party (Sweden)|FP]]''</small>
|
|-
|width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Cioloş</span>[[Dacian Cioloş]]
||[[File:Dacian Ciolos.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development|Agriculture and Rural&nbsp;Development]]
|{{flagicon|Romania}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Romania|Romania]]
|EPP<ref>[http://www.epp.eu/commission.asp?z=5D57   EPP/Commissioners] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829040342/http://www.epp.eu/commission.asp?z=5D57 |date=29 August 2010 }}</ref><br /><small>''National: independent, proposed by [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|PD-L]]''</small>
|
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
|<span style="display:none">Mimica</span>[[Neven Mimica]]
|[[File:Neven Mimica 2013.jpg|70px]]
|[[European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy|Consumer Protection]]
|{{flagicon|Croatia}} [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Croatia|Croatia]]
|PES<br /><small>''National: [[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|SDP]]''</small>
|Served from 1 July 2013. Prior to 2013, this portfolio was part of Health and Consumer Policy. On campaign leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014; portfolio deputised to [[László Andor]].
|}

==Civil service==
{{further|European Civil Service}}
The [[Secretary-General of the European Commission|Secretary-General]] for this term was [[Catherine Day (civil servant)|Catherine Day]], appointed in 2005. She was the first woman to hold the post and took over from [[David O'Sullivan (civil servant)|David O'Sullivan]]. Early favourite [[François Lamoureux]], previously in charge of Transport, had health problems and his being infirm was seen as a political blow to France and a final break from the [[Delors Commission|Delors era]], instead giving the commission a more [[Economic liberalism|liberal economic]] outlook. Commissioner Kallas stressed the appointments were on merit, resisting pressure from national capitals.<ref name="First woman">{{cite web|last=Bowley|first=Graham|title=First woman is appointed as head of EU civil service|date=10 November 2005|work=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/11/10/news/eu.php|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref>

Day was part of a vast reshuffle of Commission officials by the President after he came to power. The reshuffle was welcomed by the right-wing as the new directors-general, including Day, were liberal reformers, many British and German. A move which did not go down well with France, symbolic of their loss of influence, who were opposed to Day due to her liberal economic reforms. Indeed, Day became very notable in the commission for her opposition to French [[Subsidy|state aid]] policies.<ref name="reshuffle right">{{cite web|last=Ruskin|first=Jay|title=Inside Brussels" Right turn ahead|date=10 November 2005|work=Financial Times|url=http://news.ft.com/cms/s/eb76945c-51fc-11da-9ca0-0000779e2340,dwp_uuid=d4f2ab60-c98e-11d7-81c6-0820abe49a01.html|access-date=26 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125124528/http://news.ft.com/cms/s/eb76945c-51fc-11da-9ca0-0000779e2340%2Cdwp_uuid%3Dd4f2ab60-c98e-11d7-81c6-0820abe49a01.html|archive-date=25 November 2005|url-status=dead}} (subscription only, free version available [http://www.ufppc.org/content/view/3615/ here])</ref>

Concern has been expressed by Commissioners such as [[Günter Verheugen]] in regards to overlap of mandates and fractionalisation of the commission's [[Directorate-General|Directorates-General]], leading to "turf-wars" and a lack of co-ordination.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview with Günter Verheugen, vice-president and commissioner for enterprise and industry|date=2 August 2005|publisher=EurActiv|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/innovation/interview-gunter-verheugen-vice-president-commissioner-enterprise-industry/article-143183|access-date=26 November 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070813232846/http://www.euractiv.com/en/innovation/interview-gunter-verheugen-vice-president-commissioner-enterprise-industry/article-143183 |archive-date = 13 August 2007}}</ref> A great deal of the commission's effort is expended in this in-fighting and weaker Commissioners, such as Verheugen, have not been able to gain sufficient control over their department.<ref>{{cite web|last=Amies|first=Nick|title=Former EU Mandarin Spills the Beans on Commission Intrigue|date=21 September 2007|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2790009,00.html|access-date=26 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223074044/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0%2C2144%2C2790009%2C00.html|archive-date=23 December 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Politicisation==
{{further|European Commissioner#Politicisation}}
During Barroso's tenure, the commission has seen a general increase in the politicisation of its members. Although members are supposed to remain above national politics, members have been involved in national elections or backed national candidates. For example, Commissioner Michel participated in the [[2007 Belgian general election|2007 Belgian elections]]<ref>{{cite web|title=EU development commissioner to take unpaid leave|year=2007|publisher=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/843/23730|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref> while Commissioner Kroes backed [[Angela Merkel]] in the [[2005 German federal election|2005 German elections]] and vice-president Wallström backed [[Ségolène Royal]] in the [[2007 French presidential election|2007 French elections]].<ref>{{cite web|title=EU commissioner backs Royal in French election|year=2007|publisher=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/23929|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref>

[[Louis Michel|Michel]] claimed that politicisation of this manner is part of reconnecting the Union with its citizens and Wallström defended it claiming that the EU has to get more political and controversial as being a vital role in communicating the commission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brussels struggles with communication policy|date=9 May 2007|publisher=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/24016|access-date=26 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071023005033/http://euobserver.com/9/24016| archive-date= 23 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Wallström presented plans to give greater prominence to [[European political parties]] ahead of the [[2009 European Parliament election|2009 elections]] and give the parties the ability to run with candidates for Commission President. There was speculation that under this scenario, if he gained backing, Barroso might run as the People's Party candidate in 2009.<ref name="more political">{{cite web|title=European politics to get more political|date=27 June 2007|publisher=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/24370|access-date=26 November 2007}}</ref>

==See also==
{|
|-
| valign=top|
* [[Institutions of the European Union]]
** [[European Commission]]
** [[List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union|List of presidents of EU institutions]]
* [[2004 European Parliament election]]
** [[2007 European Parliament election]]
| valign=top|
* [[History of the European Union]]
* [[Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe]]
* [[Enlargement of the European Union]]
* [[Lisbon Strategy]]
* [[Climate Change]]
| valign=top|
* Terrorism
* [[War on Terrorism]]
* [[Iraq War]]
* [[Foreign relations of the European Union]]
* [[Doha Development Agenda]]
|}

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/index_en.htm Members of the Barroso Commission], [[Europa (web portal)|European Commission website]]
** [http://ec.europa.eu/atwork/programmes/index_en.htm Commission's work programme], European Commission website
* [http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=17065 Photo of the Members of the European Commission presided by José Manuel Barroso], [[European NAvigator]]
* [http://www.euractiv.com/en/agenda2004/barroso-commission-cabinets/article-132836 The Barroso Commission and its 'cabinets'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126145733/http://www.euractiv.com/en/agenda2004/barroso-commission-cabinets/article-132836 |date=26 November 2006 }}, EurActiv

{{European Commission|state=collapsed}}
{{First Barroso Commission|state=collapsed}}
{{Second Barroso Commission|state=collapsed}}
{{European Union topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

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