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[[File:Rollbatzen.jpg|thumb|200px|Bernese ''batzen'' (15th century)]]
[[File:Vaud 40 Batzen 641603.jpg|thumb|40-''Batzen [[Thaler]]'', [[canton of Vaud|Vaud]], 1812]]
[[File:Bern 5 Btz 1826.jpg|thumb|[[Bern]]: 5 ''Batzen'' 1826, concordat type]]
[[File:Bazen-1830.jpg|thumb|[[Freiburg im Üechtland|Freiburg]] (Freyburg): 1 ''Batzen'' 1830]]
The '''batzen''' is a historical Swiss, south German, and Austrian coin. It was first produced in [[Canton of Bern|Bern]], [[Switzerland]], from 1492 and remained in use there until the mid-19th century.

== Name ==
Bernese chronicler [[Valerius Anshelm]] explained the word through [[folk etymology]], stating that it came from ''Bëtz'' ("bear"), the heraldic animal of the [[Swiss canton]], which was embossed on the reverse of the coin. The word probably derives from the Upper German (particularly Bavarian) ''batzen'' ("stick together") or ''Batzen'' ("lump, thick piece"), as it referred to a ''Dickpfennig'' ("fat pfennig").<ref>''[[Swiss Idiotikon]],'' Volume IV, col. 1968 f. ([https://digital.idiotikon.ch/p/loc/4/1968 digitized]); ''Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Österreich,'' Volume II, col.&nbsp;518&nbsp;f.; ''Kluge. [[Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache]].'' 25th edition, edited by [[Elmar Seebold]]. De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2011, p. 96.</ref>

== History ==
A double ''[[Plappart]]'', soon known as a ''Batzen'', was minted in [[Bern]] from 1492.<ref>{{HLS|13677|Batzen|author=Anne-Marie Dubler}}</ref> The minting of ''Batzen'' in [[Salzburg]] is also attested early, in 1495.<ref>Albert Escher: ''Schweizerische Münz-und Geldgeschichte.'' Volume I. Bern, 1881, p. 149.</ref>

The ''Batzen'' was originally minted in [[silver]], but from the 17th century in [[Billon (alloy)|billon]]. The value of the ''Batzen'' varied over time depending on where it was minted. The value of a Bernese ''Batzen'' initially corresponded to four ''Kreuzer''. As the ''[[guilder|Gulden]]'' was worth 60 ''[[Kreuzer (coin)|Kreuzer]]'', the value of 1 ''Batzen'' (4 ''Kreuzer'') in Bern, Freiburg, and Solothurn also corresponded to one-fifteenth of a ''Gulden''. Later there were also ''Grossi'' ('thick ones', i.e., ''[[Groschen]]'') worth 5 ''Batzen''. Other [[Canton (Switzerland)|places]] of the [[Old Confederation]] and some southern German states soon followed Bern's example. Zürich minted 16 ''Batzen'' to the ''Gulden'' from 1500 onwards. In 1564, a [[Thaler]] was worth 16 [[Konstanz|Constance]] ''Batzen''.<ref>''Swiss Idiotikon,'' Volume II, col. 228 ([https://digital.idiotikon.ch/p/loc/2/228 digitalised]) and Volume IV, col. 1964 ff. ([https://digital.idiotikon.ch/p/loc/4/1964 digitalised]).</ref> Around 1600, 1 ''[[Bocksthaler]]'' (Schaffhausen ''Thaler'') was worth 17 ''Batzen'' or 68 ''Kreuzer'', so 1 ''Batzen'' = {{frac|1|17}} ''Thaler'' = 4 ''Kreuzer''.<ref>Karl Christoph Schmieder: ''Handwörterbuch der gesammten Münzkunde.'' Waisenhaus, Halle/Berlin 1811, p. 61; Helmut Kahnt: ''Das große Münzlexikon von A bis Z.'' Battenberg Gietl, Regenstauf 2005, p. 43.</ref> In the early 18th century, the ''Hohlbatzen'' ('hollow ''Batzen''') was valued at five ''Kreuzer'' (1/12&nbsp;''Reichsgulden''), while the regular ''Batzen'' was four ''Kreuzer''. Basel and Zürich ''Batzen'' were valued at {{Frac|1|18}}&nbsp;''Gulden'', and the St.&nbsp;Gallen ''Batzen'' at {{fraction|1|17}}&nbsp;. In the latter half of the 18th century, values included 1 ''Reichsbatzen'' worth 16 ''[[Pfennig]]s'', 1 Zürich ''Batzen'' worth 15 ''Pfennigs'', and 1 Bernese or 1 [[Chur]] ''Batzen'' worth 14 ''Pfennigs''.<ref>''Swiss Idiotikon,'' Volume IV, col. &nbsp;1964&nbsp;f. ([https://digital.idiotikon.ch/p/loc/4/1964 digitalised]).</ref>

The ''Batzen'' became a widespread intermediate currency between the numerous large and small silver coins circulating in Europe. Since some South German ''Batzen'' were of varying quality, the [[Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)|Reichstag]] in 1522 and 1524 legislated against these coins. In southern Germany they were minted until 1536 but were banned by the [[Imperial Minting Ordinance]] of 1559. However, in places like Nuremberg, it was still in use as a currency designation in 1564.<ref>Doris Wolfangel: ''Dr. Melchior Ayrer (1520–1579).'' Medical dissertation, Würzburg 1957, pp. 19 ff.</ref> In Switzerland, on the other hand, the ''Batzen'' remained unchallenged.

During the counterfeiting period known as the [[Kipper and Wipper period]], the ''Batzen'' denomination was also used for some interim coins. For example, in [[Thuringia]] ''inter alia'' (at the mints of [[Gotha]] (1621–1623) and [[Weimar]] (1619–1622)), Kipper coins worth three and six ''Batzen'' were minted (the ''Dreibätzner'' and ''Sechsbätzner''). The coins were not subject to objection, as they were [[state coin]]s, not ''Thaler'' coins or divisions thereof, which had to conform to imperial coinage regulations.

Even after the [[Munich Coinage Treaty]] of 1837, ''Batzen'' were minted as ''[[Scheidemünze]]n'' valued at four ''Kreuzers'' in some member states, for example in the [[Free City of Frankfurt]]. The coins were in use until the introduction of the [[Mark (1871)|''Mark'']] in 1871. As late as 1873, the increase in the price of beer by the Frankfurt breweries from 4 to 4½ ''Kreuzer'' triggered the Frankfurt beer riot, which began with the demand "I want Batzen beer" (''Mir wolle Batzebier'') and led to serious social unrest.

[[File:BatzenBern.jpg|thumb|200px|''Konkordatsbatzen'' minted in Bern (1826)]]
When the [[Helvetic Republic]] introduced a single Swiss currency for the first time in 1798–1803, the ''Batzen'' was also integrated into the system. One [[Swiss franc#history|franc]] was worth ten ''Batzen'', and one ''Batzen'' ten [[centime]]s. Ten Swiss francs were equivalent to a [[Louis d'or]]. After the end of the single currency, coin sovereignty was returned to the cantons, some of which retained the decimal Franc-Batzen-Rappen division (Aargau, city of Basel, Bern, Freiburg, Lucerne, Solothurn, Unterwalden, Uri, Vaud, Valais, Zug). Only in the canton of Neuchâtel was a franc worth 10½ ''Batzen''. The other cantons introduced currencies with a ''Gulden-[[Schilling (coin)|Schilling]]'' or [[Florin (gold coin)|Florin]]-[[French livre|Livre]] system. The era of the ''Batzen'' ended in 1850 with the introduction of the new [[Swiss franc]] as the single Swiss currency. An old franc did not correspond to a new franc. Seven ''Batzen'' could be exchanged for a new franc in 1850. In Swiss colloquial usage, the ''Batzen'' became a term for the 10 ''Rappen'' (10 cent) coin.

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[[Category:Medieval currencies]]
[[Category:Coins of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Modern obsolete currencies]]
[[Category:Currencies of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Groschen]]