View source for Bautzen

{{Infobox German place
|name              = Bautzen<br>Budyšin
|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1a = Bautzen Altstadt 57.jpg
| photo2a = Bautzen - Hauptmarkt 03 ies.jpg
| photo2b = Budyšin Radnica 2.jpg
| photo3a = Fußgängerzone in Bautzen.JPG
| photo3b = Image-Sorbisch-deutsches Straßenschild in Bautzen 2.JPG
| photo4a = Bautzen-pano-night-gp.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 2
| color = 
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top: view of Bautzen, view over the city hall to the [[Czorneboh]] ([[Lusatian Highlands]]), historicizing bilingual Bautzen street signage, view of the city at dusk, Reichenturm, Main Market Square with town hall
}}
|image_coa            = Coat of arm Bautzen.svg
|state        = Sachsen
|district         = Bautzen
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|10|53|N|14|25|27|E|format=dms|display=it}}
|image_plan = Bautzen in BZ.svg
|elevation              = 204
|area            = 66.67
|postal_code       = 02625
|area_code         = 03591
|licence           = BZ, BIW, HY, KM
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 14625020
|divisions         = 15 
|website           = {{URL|https://www.bautzen.de/}}
|mayor             = Karsten Vogt<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref>
|leader_term       = 2022&ndash;29
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Bautzen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbaʊtsn̩|-|De-Bautzen2.ogg}}) or '''Budyšin''' <!-- Per MOS:BOLDALTNAMES – legal name, official name, used by town government, local authorities, and in various sources in English, particularly in Sorbian contexts, including many academic sources (Jstor). --> ({{IPA|hsb|ˈbudɨʃin|-|Hsb-Budyšin.ogg|link=yes}}<ref>{{multiref2|{{cite web |title=SmartGuide — audio guide to Bautzen – Budyšin |url=https://www.bautzen.de/en/tourism-culture-leisure/things-to-see-and-do/bautzen-smart-guide |website=Bautzen/Budyšin (bautzen.de)}}|{{cite web |title=Open symposium: 'Living together in Bautzen / Budyšin' |url=https://tu-dresden.de/forschung-transfer/strukturwandel/interaktive-karte/offene-fachkonferenz-miteinander-leben-in-bautzen-budysin?set_language=en |website=TU Dresden |language=English |date=2021}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Upper Sorbian |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |date=2017 |volume=47 |issue=3 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26352395 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |jstor=26352395 |language=English |quote=Upper Sorbian schools in Budyšin (German: Bautzen) |last1=Howson |first1=Phil |pages=359–367 |doi=10.1017/S0025100316000414 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Federal German labour minister, Hubertus Heil, is open for talks on the rights of the Sorbs/Wends |url=https://serbski-sejm.de/en/news-reader/federal-german-labour-minister-hubertus-heil-is-open-for-talks-on-the-rights-of-the-sorbs-wends.html |website=Serbski Sejm (Sorbian/Wendish People’s Representation) |language=English |date=12 August 2021 |quote=the visit of the Federal Minister of Labor and Social Affairs, Hubertus Heil (SPD), to Budyšin/Bautzen on August 7}}</ref>), until 1868 ''Budissin'' in German, is a town in eastern [[Saxony]], [[Germany]], and the administrative centre of the [[Bautzen (district)|district of Bautzen]]. It is located on the [[Spree (river)|Spree river]], is the eighth most populous town in [[Saxony]], and is the seat of Saxony's [[Bautzen (district)|largest district]]. Bautzen lies in the bilingual [[Sorbian settlement area]] (''[[:hsb:Serbski sydlenski rum|Serbski sydlenski rum]]'') of  [[Lusatia]], and is Lusatia's third-largest town after [[Cottbus]] and [[Görlitz]], as well as the second-largest town in [[Upper Lusatia]].

The town lies in the hilly [[Upper Lusatian Gefilde]] ([[:hsb:Hornjołužiske hona|''Hornjołužiske hona'']]), a part of the northwesternmost foothills of the [[Sudetes]], just north of the [[Lusatian Highlands]]. Bautzen is the first larger town on the [[Spree River]] ({{pSpree}}), and the [[Bautzen Reservoir]] ([[:hsb:Budyska rěčna zawěra|''Budyska rěčna zawěra'']]) lies in the north of the town. In 2021, Bautzen had a population of around 38,000.

Although [[Görlitz]] is larger, it is Bautzen that is regarded as the historical capital of [[Upper Lusatia]]. Bautzen is the political and cultural center of the entirety of the [[Slavs|Slavic]] minority of the [[Sorbs]] (Upper and Lower), although [[Lower Lusatia]] and the [[Lower Sorbian]]-speaking Sorbs have an own, second center, which is [[Cottbus]]. About 10 percent of Bautzen's population is [[Upper Sorbian]]-speaking.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brandeins.de/magazine/brand-eins-neuland/region-dresden-nu/2-2-1 |title=2 + 2=1 |website=brand eins |language=de |access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> The use of the language is more widespread in the countryside surrounding the town than in the town itself. Bautzen is the seat of several Sorbian institutions like the [[Domowina]], the German-Sorbian People's Theater ([[:hsb:Němsko-Serbske ludowe dźiwadło|''Němsko-Serbske ludowe dźiwadło'']]), and [[Sorbischer Rundfunk|Sorbian Broadcasting]] (''[[:de:Sorbischer Rundfunk|Sorbischer Rundfunk]]'', ''[[:hsb:Serbski rozhłós|Serbski rozhłós]]'').

From 1346 until 1815, the town was a member of the [[Lusatian League]]. The Bautzen [[Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia|Wenceslaus']] Market (''[[:de:Bautzener Wenzelsmarkt|Bautzener Wenzelsmarkt]]'', Upper Sorbian: ''Budyske Wjacławske wiki'') is "Germany's oldest Christmas market mentioned in a chronicle".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rekord-institut.org/bautzen-aeltester-weihnachtsmarkt-deutschlands/|title=ÄLTESTER WEIHNACHTSMARKT &#124; REKORD-INSTITUT für DEUTSCHLAND|date=10 December 2016|website=rekord-institut.org|accessdate=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rp-online.de/leben/reisen/deutschland/welcher-weihnachtsmarkt-ist-der-aelteste-in-deutschland_aid-20101867|title=Rekord-Institut für Deutschland: Welcher Weihnachtsmarkt ist der älteste?|first=RP|last=ONLINE|date=9 December 2015|website=RP ONLINE|accessdate=19 February 2024}}</ref> [[Asteroid]] ''[[11580 Bautzen]]'' is named in honour of the city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=11580 | title=IAU Minor Planet Center }}</ref>

==Names==
Like other cities and places in [[Lusatia]], Bautzen has several different names across languages. Its German name was also officially changed in 1868.

Besides ''Bautzen'' ([[German language|German]]) and ''Budyšin'' ([[Upper Sorbian]]), the town has had the following names:

* [[German language|German]]: ''Budissin'' (variants used from {{circa|11th century}} onwards; Saxon government changed to ''Bautzen'' on 3 June 1868)
* [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]: ''Budyšyn'' {{IPA|dsb|ˈbudɨʃɨn|}}
* {{langx|cs|Budyšín}} {{IPA|cs|ˈbudɪʃiːn|}}
* {{langx|pl|Budziszyn}} {{IPA|pl|buˈd͡ʑiʂɨn|}}

==Geography==

===Geographical situation===
The town on the River Spree is situated about {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Dresden]] between the [[Lausitzer Bergland|Lusatian highland]] and the lowlands in the north, amidst the region of [[Upper Lusatia]]. To the north stretches the [[Bautzen Reservoir]], which was flooded in 1974. This is the former location of the villages of Malsitz (''Małšecy'') and Nimschütz (''Hněwsecy'').<ref>Malala</ref>

===Expansion of the urban area===
The old part of Bautzen is located on the plateau above the Spree, whose top is marked by the {{Interlanguage link|Ortenburg (Bautzen)|lt=Ortenburg|de}} castle. It is bordered by the city walls. The later-built more recent quarters in the east were enclosed by the city ramparts. After their removal, the city expanded further east and to the left bank of the river. However, there has only been a small urban area west of the Spree until today. In the 1970s, the development areas of "Gesundbrunnen" and "Allendeviertel" were erected. After 1990, several neighbouring villages were incorporated.

===Bordering municipalities===
The city is bordered by [[Radibor]], [[Großdubrau]] and [[Malschwitz]] in the North, [[Kubschütz]] in the East, [[Großpostwitz]], [[Obergurig]] and [[Doberschau-Gaußig]] in the South, as well as [[Göda]] in the West. All of these belong to the [[Bautzen (district)|Bautzen district]].
[[File:Bautzen.png|thumb|The city districts]]

===Subdivisions===
The 15 city districts are:
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="3"|Name
!rowspan="2"|Population<br />(as of 1 January 2009)
|-
!German
!Upper Sorbian
!English translation
|-
|Innenstadt||''{{lang|hsb|Nutřkowne město}}''||City centre||5,278
|-
|Südvorstadt||''{{lang|hsb|Južne Předměsto}}''||Southern outskirts||1,738
|-
|Westvorstadt||''{{lang|hsb|Zapadne Předměsto}}''||Western outskirts||3,505
|-
|Gesundbrunnen||''{{lang|hsb|Strowotna studnja}}''||–||8,178
|-
|Nordostring||''{{lang|hsb|Sewjerowuchodny Wobkruh}}''||North-eastern ring||10,727
|-
|Ostvorstadt||''{{lang|hsb|Wuchodne Předměsto}}''||Eastern outskirts||6,360
|-
|Teichnitz||''{{lang|hsb|Ćichońca}}''||–||377
|-
|Nadelwitz||''{{lang|hsb|Nadźankecy}}''||–||268
|-
|Burk ||''{{lang|hsb|Bórk}}''||–||325
|-
|Oberkaina||''{{lang|hsb|Hornja Kina}}''||–||832
|-
|Niederkaina||''{{lang|hsb|Delnja Kina}}''||–||522
|-
|Stiebitz||''{{lang|hsb|Sćijecy}}''||–||510
|-
|Kleinwelka||''{{lang|hsb|Mały Wjelkow}}''||–||1,314
|-
|Salzenforst-Bolbritz||''{{lang|hsb|Słona Boršć-Bolborcy}}''||–||839
|-
|Auritz||''{{lang|hsb|Wuricy}}''||–||458
|}

==History==
[[File:Town hall Bautzen 100.JPG|thumb|Bautzen town hall]]

{{Quote box |width=19em |align=left |bgcolor=#B0C4DE
|title=Historical affiliations
|fontsize=85% |quote=[[Civitas Schinesghe|Duchy of Poland]] 1002-1025<br>
{{flagicon image|Alex K Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Poland]] 1025–1032<br>
{{flagicon image|K.S.Wappenbanner Meißner Löwe.svg}} [[Margraviate of Meissen]] 1032-1075<br>
{{flagicon image|Přemyslovci erb.svg}} [[Duchy of Bohemia]] 1075–1198<br>{{flag|Kingdom of Bohemia}} 1198–1253<br>
{{flagicon image|Wappen Mark Brandenburg.png}} [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] 1253-1319<br>
{{flag|Kingdom of Bohemia}} 1319-1469<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Matthias I of Hungary.svg}} [[Kingdom of Hungary]] 1469-1490<br>
{{flag|Kingdom of Bohemia}} 1490-1635<br>
{{flag|Electorate of Saxony}} 1635–1806<br>
{{flag|Kingdom of Saxony}} 1806-1871<br>
{{flag|German Empire}} 1871-1918<br>
{{flag|Weimar Republic}} 1918-1933<br>
{{flag|Nazi Germany}} 1933-1945<br>
{{flag|Allied-occupied Germany}} 1945-1949<br>
{{flag|East Germany}} 1949–1990<br>
{{flag|Germany}} 1990–''present''
}}
[[File:Reichenturm Bautzen 100.jpg|thumb|The leaning ''Reichenturm'']]

In the 3rd century AD an eastern Germanic settlement existed here, but excavations have proved that the region was already inhabited as early as the late [[Stone Age]]. [[Sorbs]] arrived in the area during the [[migration period]] in the 6th century AD.

The first written evidence of the city is from 1002 under the name ''Budusin'' ({{langx|hsb|Budyšin}}, {{langx|pl|Budziszyn|link=no}}).<ref name=bau>{{cite web|url=https://www.bautzen.de/en/citizens-town-hall-politics/city-portrait/history/|title=The History of Bautzen|website=Bautzen.de|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> In 1018 the [[Peace of Bautzen]] was signed between the German king [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] and the Polish ruler [[Bolesław I the Brave]]. The treaty left the town under Polish rule. In 1032 it passed to the [[Margraviate of Meissen]] within the [[Holy Roman Empire]], in 1075 to the [[Duchy of Bohemia]], elevated to a [[Kingdom of Bohemia|kingdom]] in 1198 (with short periods of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburgian]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] rule), in 1635 to [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]], whose [[Prince-electors|electors]] were also Polish kings in [[personal union]] from 1697 to 1763. One of two main routes connecting [[Warsaw]] and [[Dresden]] ran through the town at that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dresden-warszawa.eu/pl/prolog/informacja-historyczna/|title=Informacja historyczna|website=Dresden-Warszawa|access-date=14 June 2020|language=pl}}</ref>

From 1346 to 1815, it was a member of the [[Lusatian League|Six Cities' Alliance]] of the Upper Lusatian cities of [[Görlitz]], [[Zittau]], [[Löbau]], [[Kamenz]], [[Lubań]], and Bautzen.

In 1429 and 1431 the town was unsuccessfully besieged by the [[Hussites]].<ref name=bau/> In 1634, it was destroyed by the [[Swedish Empire|Swedes]] during the [[Thirty Years' War]].<ref name=bau/> It was the site of one of the battlefields of the [[Napoleonic War]] [[Battle of Bautzen (1813)|Battle of Bautzen]] in 1813. In 1868, the name was officially changed from ''Budissin'' to the more Germanized form ''Bautzen''.<ref name=bau/>

In 1839, the Sorbian student organization ''{{lang|la|Societas Slavica Budissenensis}}'' was founded in the city. In 1845, the [[Rjana Łužica|Sorbian national anthem]] was publicly performed for the first time in the city. The ''[[Serbski dom|Sorbian House]]'' ({{langx|hsb|Serbski Dom|link=no}}), a Sorbian cultural centre, was opened in the city in 1904.<ref name="Stone 29">{{cite book|author-link=Gerald Stone|author-first=Gerald|author-last=Stone|title=The Smallest Slavonic Nation: The Sorbs of Lusatia|series=History: Bloomsbury Academic Collections|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4742-4154-0|pages=29 et seq|language=en}}</ref>

After the [[Nazi Party]] came to power in Germany in 1933, many political prisoners were held in the Bautzen I and Bautzen II prisons, built in 1904 and 1906, respectively.<ref name=bau/> During the ''[[Kristallnacht]]'' in 1938, local Jews were persecuted and Jewish-owned businesses were destroyed.<ref name=bau/> During [[World War II]], in 1942–1943, the Nazis conducted three trials of members of the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]] at the local court, sentencing thirteen to death.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sack|first=Birgit|year=2015|title=Plac Monachijski w Dreźnie i jego znaczenie w kontaktach gostyńsko-drezdeńskich|magazine=Rocznik Gostyński|language=pl|location=Gostyń|publisher=Muzeum w Gostyniu|issue=2|pages=101–103|issn=2353-7310}}</ref> The ''AL Bautzen'' [[List of subcamps of Gross-Rosen|subcamp]] of the [[Groß-Rosen concentration camp]] operated in Bautzen.<ref name=gr>{{cite web|url=https://en.gross-rosen.eu/historia-kl-gross-rosen/filie-obozu-gross-rosen/|title=Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen|website=Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> At least 600 men, mostly Poles, but also of other nationalities, were imprisoned there, about 310 of whom died.<ref name=gr/> [[Ernst Thälmann]] was imprisoned there before being deported to [[Buchenwald]]. In April 1945, the Germans evacuated many prisoners on foot to [[Mikulášovice|Nixdorf]], where they were liberated by Polish troops on May 8, 1945, while the remaining prisoners were liberated in Bautzen by the Soviets on April 20, 1945.<ref name=gr/> Between 21 April and 30 April 1945, the [[Battle of Bautzen (1945)|Battle of Bautzen]] was fought which resulted in the town being recaptured by the German army.<ref name="Eberhardt">{{Cite book|title=Kriegsschauplatz Sachsen 1945; Die Kämpfe um Bautzen 18. bis 27. April 1945 (Battleground Saxony 1945; The battles around Bautzen 18-27 August)|first1=Eberhardt|last1=Berndt|year=1995|isbn=978-3-9804226-2-8|place=Wölfersheim-Berstadt|pages=53–67|language=de}}</ref> This meant Bautzen and its surroundings stayed in German hands until [[German Instrument of Surrender|Germany's capitulation]].

From 1952 to 1990, Bautzen was part of the [[Bezirk Dresden]] of [[East Germany]]. Bautzen was infamous throughout [[East Germany]] for its two penitentiaries. "Bautzen I" was used as an official prison, soon to be nicknamed ''{{lang|de|Gelbes Elend}}'' ("Yellow Misery") due to its outer colour, whereas the more secretive "[[Bautzen II]]" was used as a facility to hold political prisoners, dissidents and prisoners of conscience. Today, Bautzen I is known as the Bautzen Correctional Institution and is used to hold prisoners who are awaiting trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.stsg.de/cms/node/986|title=Bautzen I, 'Yellow Misery' &#124; Gedenkstätte Bautzen &#124; Stiftung Sächsische Gedenkstätten|website=en.stsg.de|accessdate=19 February 2024}}</ref> Bautzen II which was also operated by the GDR's [[Stasi|Ministry for State Security]], has served as an open memorial since 1993, operated by the Saxon Memorials Foundation. It is accessible to the public. Guided tours are provided and occasionally, films are screened.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bautzen.de/en/tourism-culture-leisure/things-to-see-and-do/places-of-interest/prison-memorials/|title=The Bautzen Prison Memorials|accessdate=19 February 2024|archive-date=6 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306083225/https://www.bautzen.de/en/tourism-culture-leisure/things-to-see-and-do/places-of-interest/prison-memorials/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A permanent exhibition depicts the misery suffered by occupants; visitors may tour detention cells, the isolation area and the yards where prisoners were allowed to exercise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.stsg.de/cms/bautzen/bautzen-memorial|title=Bautzen Memorial &#124; Gedenkstätte Bautzen &#124; Stiftung Sächsische Gedenkstätten|website=en.stsg.de|accessdate=19 February 2024}}</ref>

In 2002 the city commemorated its 1000th birthday. In 2010 it was hit by a flood.<ref name=bau/>

===Population development=== 
During the Early Middle Ages, Bautzen was one of the largest cities in Central Germany. However, from around the 15th century, its population growth began to stagnate. The relatively late onset of industrialization in Bautzen brought new momentum, leading to population growth even during the era of East Germany. Following the Peaceful Revolution of 1990, however, the city’s population declined significantly, dropping from 52,000 in 1989 to around 38,000, largely due to emigration and low birth rates. Since the early 2000s, this decline has slowed considerably. Today, Bautzen ranks as the 10th largest city in Saxony by population.

As of December 31, 2011, 98.3% of Bautzen's residents were of German origin, with 6.1% having a [[migration background]].

[[File:Einwohnerentwicklung von Bautzen - ab 1871.svg|thumb|400px|Population development of Bautzen from 1871 to 2017]]

''(as of December 31 unless otherwise stated)''

* 1849 – 10,518
* 1868 – 12,623<ref name="Geschichte der Stadt Bautzen S.720">''Geschichte der Stadt Bautzen'', [[Richard Reymann]], Druck und Verlag: Gebrüder Müller, 1902, S. 720. Die Angaben stammen ursprünglich aus einem Zeitdokument, das am 10. September 1868 in die Turmkugel des [[Reichenturm|Reichenturms]] gelegt wurde. Demnach waren unter den 12.623 Einwohnern 2579 [[Wends|Wenden]]. Zudem waren darunter ''[...] 11.419 Lutheraner, 1153 Katholiken, 29 Reformierte, 5 Angelikaner, 7 Deutschkatholiken, 1 Griechisch-Katholik und 9 Juden''.</ref>
* 1875 – 14,709
* 1890 – 21,516
* 1933 – 41,951
* 1950 – 41,592 <small>(as of August 31)</small>
* 1960 – 41,613
* 1984 – 51,208
* 1995 – 44,763
* 2000 – 43,353
* 2005 – 42,150
* 2010 – 40,573
* 2015 – 40,501
* 2020 – 38,006
* 2021 - 38,360
* 2022 - 38,682

==Politics==
The Bautzen City Council consists of 34 members. It meets either in the {{ill|Bautzen Town Hall|lt=Town Hall|de|Rathaus Bautzen|hsb|Budyska radnica}} or in the {{ill|Gewandhaus (Bautzen)|lt=Gewandhaus|de|Gewandhaus (Bautzen)}}. There are also four local councils (Niederkaina, Stiebitz, Kleinwelka, and Salzenforst-Bolbritz), whose honorary members are elected for five years.

===Mayors===
*Konrad Johannes Kaeubler, Lord Mayor (1890–1918)
*Gottfried Franz Hermann Niedner, (1872–1945), Lord Mayor 1918–1933
*Christian Schramm (born 1952), (CDU), (Lord) Mayor 1990–2015
*Alexander Ahrens (born 1966), (independent), Lord Mayor 2015–2022

==Main sights==
[[File:Wasserkunst und Michaeliskirche.jpg|thumb|upright|Old Waterworks and Church of St. Michael]]
Bautzen has a very compact and well-preserved medieval town centre with numerous churches and towers and a city wall on the steep embankment to the river [[Spree (river)|Spree]], with one of the oldest preserved waterworks in central Europe (built 1558).

Sites of interest include:
*The ''Reichenturm'', one of the steepest leaning and still passable towers north of the Alps
*Ortenburg Castle
*The Old Waterworks, an architectural monument and museum
*[[Cathedral of St Peter, Bautzen|Saint Peter's Cathedral]], Eastern Germany's only historic [[Simultaneum|interdenominational]] church edifice
*Hexenhaus (Witch's House), oldest preserved residential building (built in 1604)

There are six museums in Bautzen, including the [[Stadtmuseum Bautzen]] ("Bautzen city Museum"), the [[Sorbian Museum|Sorbisches Museum]] ("Sorbian Museum", Sorbian: ''Serbski muzej'') and the Senfmuseum (''Mustard Museum'').

==Sorbian institutions==
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=350
| image1=Budyšin Serbski Dom.JPG
| image2=Bautzen - Ortenburg - Sorbisches Museum 01 ies.jpg
| image3=Sorbisches Gymnasium Bautzen 1.JPG
| image4=BZ-Bahnhofstr06.jpg
| caption1=Sorbian House (''Serbski dom''), headquarters of various Sorbian organizations
| caption2=Sorbian Museum (''Serbski muzej'')
| caption3=Sorbian [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] (''Serbski gymnazij'')
| caption4=Sorbian Institute (''Serbski institut'')
}}
Bautzen is the seat of several institutions of the cultural self-administration of the [[Sorbian people]]:
* [[Foundation for the Sorbian People]] (Stiftung für das sorbische Volk, Załožba za serbski lud)
* Domowina (poet. Sorbian for „Homeland“, actually: Zwjazk Łužiskich Serbow z. t., Bund Lausitzer Sorben e. V.) – the umbrella organization of Sorbian cultural associations and institutions
* [[Sorbian Institute]] (Serbski institut)
* Sorbian Radio (Serbski rozhłós) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mdr.de/serbski-program/rozhlos/index.html|title = Serbski rozhłós - Sorbisches Programm &#124; MDR.DE}}</ref>
* Sorbian National [[Dance ensemble|Ensemble]] and the German-Sorbian People's Theater (Němsko-serbske ludowe dźiwadło)
* Bautzen Sorbian [[Boarding School]]

==Economy==
[[File:Bautzen-Kornmarktcenter-nig.jpg|thumb|Kornmarktcenter is the largest shopping center in Bautzen.]]
[[Alstom|Alstom Transportation]] operates a large factory on Fabrikstraße making railway locomotives, carriages and trams. It was built by the former VEB Waggonbau Bautzen, which was acquired by [[Bombardier Transportation]] in 1998 via Deutsche Waggonbau and acquired by Alstom when Bombardier Transportation was sold by parent [[Bombardier Inc.]] in 2021.

The mustard ''Bautz'ner Senf'' is produced in Bautzen. It is the market leader in the [[new states of Germany]] with a market share of 65 percent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.focus.de/gesundheit/ernaehrung/geniessen/essen-und-trinken-bautz-ner-senf-wird-60_aid_1099936.html |title=Bautz'ner Senf wird 60 |website= Focus Online |language=de |access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
[[File:Humboldt-Universitätsbibliothek-Lotze.jpg|thumb|150px|Hermann Lotze]]
[[File:Selbstbildnis im Sweater.jpg|thumb|150px|Hans Unger self-portrait]]
* [[Walter von Boetticher]] (1853–1945), historian and physician
* [[Karl Gustav Brescius]] (1824–1864), railway engineer
* [[Rudolf Buchheim]] (1820–1879), German pharmacologist
* [[Wilhelm Buck]] (1869–1945), Prime Minister of the Free State of Saxony
* [[Friedrich August Carus]] (1770–1807), psychologist and philosopher
* [[Kurt Dinter]] (1868–1945), botanist and explorer in South West Africa
* [[Werner von Erdmannsdorff]] (1891–1945), General of Infantry in World War II
* [[Will Grohmann]] (1887–1968), art historian and art critic
* [[Erhard Heinz]] (1924–2017), mathematician
* [[Hermann Hunger]] (born 1942), Austrian assyriologist
* [[Stefanie Kloß]] (born 1984), lead singer of pop rock band Silbermond
* [[Hermann Lotze]] (1817–1881), German philosopher and logician
* [[August Gottlieb Meißner]] (1753–1807), writer, founder of the German crime novel
* [[Harald Metzkes]] (born 1929), painter and graphic artist
* [[Juro Mětšk]] (1954–2022), composer
* [[Ferdinand Neuling]] (1885–1960), General of Infantry in World War II
* [[Caspar Peucer]] (1525–1602), German-Sorbian reformer, physician and scholar
* [[Charles Gottlieb Raue]] (1820–1896), American homeopathic physician
* [[Georg-Hans Reinhardt]] (1887–1963), Colonel-General of the German Wehrmacht
* [[Simone Ritscher]] (born 1959), actress
* [[Friedrich Wilhelm Ehrenfried Rost]] (1768–1835), theologian and philosopher
* [[Hans von Tettau]] (1888–1956), infantry General
* [[Hans Unger]] (1872–1936), painter
* [[Karl Friedrich Gottlob Wetzel]] (1779–1819), writer
* [[Handrij Zejler]] (1804–1872), born in the district Salzenforst, founder of modern Sorbian poetry

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Bautzen is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte|url=https://www.bautzen.de/buerger-rathaus-politik/stadtportraet/partnerstaedte/|website=bautzen.de|publisher=Bautzen|language=de|access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], Germany (1990)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Heidelberg]], Germany (1991)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Dreux]], France (1992)
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Jablonec nad Nisou]], Czech Republic (1993)
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jelenia Góra]], Poland (1993)

{{Panorama
|image   = Bautzen-pano-day-gp.jpg
|height  = 200
|width   = 700
|alt     = 
|caption = Panorama of Bautzen viewed from the {{ill|Friedensbrücke (Bautzen)|lt=Peace Bridge|de|Friedensbrücke (Bautzen)|hsb|Móst měra}}
|dir     = 
|align   =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*{{wikivoyage inline|Bautzen}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090103091312/http://www.bautzen.de/home.asp Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090101030036/http://www.bautzen.de/panorama/start.html Interactive sightseeing tour through Bautzen (''German'')]
*
*{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Bautzen|year=1905 |short=x}}
*{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Bautzen|year=1920  |short=x}}

{{Cities and towns in Bautzen (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bautzen| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Saxony]]
[[Category:Populated places in Bautzen (district)]]