View source for Berlin Cathedral

{{short description|Lutheran church in Berlin}}
{{For|the present seat of the Archdiocese of Berlin|St. Hedwig's Cathedral}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Infobox religious building
| building_name         = Berlin Cathedral
| native_name           = ''Berliner Dom''
| native_name_lang      = de
| image                 = 141227 Berliner Dom.jpg
| caption               = Berlin Cathedral: Evangelical Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church (2017)
| location              = [[Cölln]], a historical neighbourhood of [[Berlin]], {{flag|Germany}}
| map_type              = Germany Berlin central#Germany
| coordinates           = {{coord|52|31|9|N|13|24|4|E|type:landmark_region:DE|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = {{plainlist|
*[[United and uniting churches|United]] ([[Prussian Union of churches|Prussian Union]]) (1817–present)
*[[Reformed tradition|Reformed]] (1632–1817)
*[[Lutheran]] (1539–1632)
*[[Catholic]] (until 1539)
}}
|rite=
|province=[[Union of Evangelical Churches]]
|district=
|consecration_year=1454, as the Catholic [[Erasmus of Formiae|St. Erasmus]] Chapel
|status=
|leadership=
|website={{URL|http://www.berliner-dom.de/}}
|architect={{plainlist|
*Martin Böhme (1717)
*Johann Boumann ''the Elder'' (1747–1750)
*[[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] (1817 and 1820–1822)
*Julius and Otto Raschdorff, father and son (1894–1905)
}}
|architecture_type=
|architecture_style={{plainlist|
*[[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] (until 1538)
*[[Brick Gothic]] (1538–1747)
*[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] (1747–1817/1822)
*[[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] (1817–1893)
*[[Neo-Renaissance]], since 1905
}}
|facade_direction=west
|year_completed={{plainlist|
*1451 (first building)
*1538 (2nd bldg)
*1750 (3rd bldg)
*1905 (4th bldg)
*1993 reinaugurated after removal of war destructions
}}
|construction_cost=11.5&nbsp;million [[German gold mark|marks]] (1905)
|capacity=
|length={{convert|114|m}}, shorter since the demolition of the northern memorial hall in 1975
|width={{convert|74|m}}
|width_nave=
|height_max=
|dome_quantity=
|dome_height_outer={{convert|115|m}} (until destruction 1944)
|dome_height_inner=
|dome_dia_outer=
|dome_dia_inner=
|spire_quantity=
|spire_height=
|materials=originally brick, since 1905, Silesian [[sandstone]]
}}
[[File:Berlin Cathedral bells, 2016.wav|thumb|Berlin Cathedral bells ringing]]

'''Berlin Cathedral''' ({{langx|de|link=yes|Berliner Dom}}), also known as the '''Evangelical Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church''', is a monumental [[Protestant Church in Germany|German Protestant]]  [[Church (building)|church]] and [[Dynasty|dynastic]] [[tomb]] ([[House of Hohenzollern]]) at the [[Lustgarten]] on the [[Museum Island]] in [[Mitte|central]] [[Berlin]]. Having its origins as a [[castle chapel]] for the [[Berlin Palace]], several structures have served to house the church since the 15th century. The present collegiate church was built from 1894 to 1905 by order of Emperor [[Wilhelm II|William II]] according to plans by Julius Raschdorff in [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance]] and [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival styles]]. The listed building is the largest Protestant church in [[Germany]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.berlinerdom.de/en/visiting/about-the-cathedral/information-for-pupils-and-teachers/| title=Information for pupils and teachers| website=Berliner Dom| access-date=26 June 2020| archive-date=28 July 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728162252/https://www.berlinerdom.de/en/visiting/about-the-cathedral/information-for-pupils-and-teachers/| url-status=dead}}</ref> and one of the most important dynastic tombs in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.berlinerdom.de/en/visiting/about-the-cathedral/the-hohenzollern-crypt/| title=The 'Hohenzollern' crypt| website=Berliner Dom}}</ref> In addition to [[church service]]s, the cathedral is used for [[state ceremonies]], [[concert]]s and other events.

Since the demolition of the [[Memorial]] Church ''(Denkmalskirche)'' section on the north side by the [[East Germany|East German]] authorities in 1975, Berlin Cathedral has consisted of the large [[Sermon]] Church ''(Predigerkirche)'' in the center, and the smaller [[Baptism]]al and [[Marriage|Matrimonial]] Church ''(Tauf- und Traukirche)'' on the south side and the [[Hohenzollern]] [[crypt]] ''(Hohenzollerngruft)'', which covers almost the entire basement. Damaged during the [[Allied bombing of Berlin in World War II|Allied bombing in World War II]], the cathedral's original interior was restored by 2002. Currently there is discussion about restoring the historical exterior as well.

==Term==
Berlin Cathedral ({{langx|de|link=no|Berliner Dom}}) is the common name for the Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church ({{langx|de|link=no|Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin}}) in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]].

The Dom is the parish church of the congregation ''Gemeinde der Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin'', a member of the umbrella organisation [[Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia]]. The term ''[[Dom (church)|Dom]]'' denotes a [[collegiate church]] (equivalent to the [[Italian language|Italian]] ''[[duomo]]'', or the [[English language|English]] "[[Minster (church)|Minster]]"); however, as most cathedrals are also collegiate churches, the term "Dom" has become the common term for a cathedral in [[German language|German]], though they are not synonymous. Berlin Cathedral has never been a cathedral in the actual sense of that term since it has never been the seat of a bishop. The bishop of the [[Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia#Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg|Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg]] (under this name 1945–2003) is based at [[St. Mary's Church, Berlin|St. Mary's Church]] and [[Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church]] in Berlin.

==History==
Berlin Cathedral has a long history starting as a [[Catholic]] place of worship in the 15th century.

===Establishment of a Collegiate Church in Berlin (1451–1536)===
The history of today's ''Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church'' and its community dates back to 1451. In that year Prince-Elector [[Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick II ''Irontooth'']] of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] moved with his residence from [[Brandenburg an der Havel|Brandenburg upon Havel]] to [[Cölln]] (today's [[Fischerinsel|Fishers' Island]], the southern part of Museums Island) into the newly erected [[City Palace, Berlin|City Palace]], which also housed a Catholic chapel. In 1454 Frederick Irontooth, after having returned – via Rome – from his pilgrimage to [[Jerusalem]], elevated the chapel to become a parish church, richly endowing it with relics and altars.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Materna |first1=Ingo |last2=Ribbe |first2=Wolfgang |last3=Baudisch |first3=Rosemarie |date=1995 |title=Geschichte in Daten - Brandenburg |location=München |publisher=Koehler & Amelang |page=68 |isbn=978-3-7338-0188-5}}</ref> [[Pope Nicholas V]] ordered [[Stephan Bodecker]], then Prince-[[Bishop of Brandenburg]], to consecrate the chapel to [[Erasmus of Formiae]].<ref name="Wolfgang Gottschalk 1985, p. 171">{{harvnb|Gottschalk|1985|p=171}}</ref>

On 7 April 1465 – at Frederick Irontooth's request – [[Pope Paul II]] attributed to '''St Erasmus Chapel''' a [[canon law|canon-law]] [[College (canon law)|College]] named ''Stift zu Ehren Unserer Lieben Frauen, des heiligen Kreuzes, St. Petri und Pauli, St. Erasmi und St. Nicolai'' dedicated to [[Mary of Nazareth|{{Not a typo|Mary(am)}} of Nazareth]], the [[Christian cross|Holy Cross]], [[Simon Peter]], [[Paul of Tarsus]], [[Erasmus of Formiae]], and [[Nicholas of Myra]]. A [[collegiate church]] is a church endowed with revenues and earning estates, in order to provide a number of [[Canon (priest)|canons]], called in [[canon law]] a [[College (canon law)|College]], with [[prebend]]s.<ref name="Wolfgang Gottschalk 1985, p. 171" /> In this respect a collegiate church is similar to a cathedral, which is why in colloquial German the term ''cathedral college'' ([[Domstift]]), became the [[synecdoche]] used – pars pro toto – for all canon-law colleges. So the college of St. Erasmus' chapel, called ''Domstift'' in German, bestowed the pertaining church its colloquial naming, ''Domkirche'' (cathedral church). Frederick Irontooth provided the college with estates, sufficient to supply eight canon prebendaries.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hach |first=Arno |date=2002 |orig-year=1933 |title=Alt-berlin Im Spiegel Seiner Kirchen: Rückblicke in Die Versunkene Altstadt; Mit Einem Plan Der Berliner Innenstadt Um 1860 |location=Ammerbuch |publisher=Beggerow |page=21 |isbn=978-3-9361-0300-7}}</ref> On 20 January 1469, Dietrich IV, then Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg, invested eight clergymen, chosen by Frederick Irontooth, as collegiate canons with the prebends.<ref name="Wolfgang Gottschalk 1985, p. 171" />

===The Collegiate Church in the former Black Friars' Church of St. Paul's south of the Palace (1536–1747)===
In 1535, Prince-Elector [[Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg|Joachim II Hector]] reached the consent of [[Pope Paul III]] to shut down the 1297-founded [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] convent (Black Friars), southerly neighboured to the palace, to acquire the pertaining monastic ''St. Paul's Church'', built ca. in 1345. On 28 May 1536, most of the Black Friars moved to a Dominican monastery in Brandenburg upon Havel. Joachim II Hector assigned the thus void, three-nave church building to the '''Collegiate Church of Our Lady, the Holy Cross, the Ss. Peter, Paul, Erasmus and Nicholas''' and enlarged the [[College (canon law)|College]] to 12 prebendaries, bestowing two of them to canons taken on from the Dominican convent.<ref>Among the new revenues additionally bestowed to the collegiate church were the dues to be delivered by a number of [[soccage]] farmers in the village of [[Kaulsdorf (Berlin)|Kaulsdorf]] and the revenues of [[Jesus Church (Berlin-Kaulsdorf)|its church]], however, also obliging the college to fulfill its duties as patron according to the [[ius patronatus]] over that church.</ref> 
 
In 1538, a new western façade with two towers was attached to the collegiate church, which – due to its prior status as a church of a [[Mendicant orders|mendicant order]] – had no tower before. In the next year, Joachim II Hector converted from Catholicism to [[Lutheranism]], as many of his subjects had done earlier. The ''collegiate church'' thus became Lutheran too, like most of the electoral subjects and all the churches in the Electorate. However, Joachim II Hector's ideas of [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] were different from the modern ones. After his conversion he enriched the collegiate church with luxuriant furnishings, such as [[parament]]s, [[monstrance]]s, [[relic]]s, [[chasuble]]s, carpets and [[Antependium|antependia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Gottschalk|1985|p=169}}</ref> From 1545 on the electoral family of [[Hohenzollern]] used the church building as their burial place.<ref>{{harvnb|Kühne|Stephani|1986|p=361}}</ref>

In 1608, the year of his accession to the throne, Prince-Elector [[John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg|John Sigismund]], then a [[Crypto-Calvinism|crypto-Calvinist]], dissolved the [[College (canon law)|college]] and the church was renamed into '''Supreme Parish Church of Holy Trinity in Cölln'''.<ref name="Elisabeth Stephani 1986, p. 362">{{harvnb|Kühne|Stephani|1986|p=362}}</ref> In 1613, John Sigismund publicly confessed his [[Calvinist]] faith (in Germany usually called [[Continental Reformed church|Reformed Church]]), but waived his privilege to demand the same of his subjects ([[Cuius regio, eius religio]]). So he and his family, except his steadfastly Lutheran wife [[Duchess Anna of Prussia|Anna]], converted, while most of his subjects remained Lutherans. While Berlin's other churches, subject to Lutheran city-council jurisdiction, remained Lutheran, the ''Supreme Parish Church of Holy Trinity'', the Hohenzollern's house church, became Berlin's first, and until 1695, only Calvinist church,<ref>In 1695 Berlin's second Calvinist church was erected, called [[Parochialkirche|Parochial Church]], i.e. parish church, as opposed to the Supreme Parish Church then colloquially called Collegiate of Palace Church.</ref> serving from 1632 on as the parish for all Calvinists in town.<ref>From then on Calvinist immigrants, as from [[Bohemia]], France ([[Huguenots]]), [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg|Juliers-Cleves-Berg]], the [[Netherlands]], Poland, [[Switzerland]], and [[Wallonia]] were very welcome in Berlin and all the Electorate of Brandenburg in order to build up a considerable minority, being religiously a power base of the Hohenzollern.</ref> Being now a Calvinist church, the patronage of the [[Holy Trinity]] was increasingly skipped.

In 1667, the dilapidated double-tower façade was torn down and in 1717 Martin Böhme erected a new [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] façade with two towers. With the effect of 1 January 1710, Cölln was united with Berlin under the latter name. In 1747, the ''Supreme Parish Church'' was completely demolished to clear space for the baroque extension of [[Berlin Palace]].

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File: Berlin Dom Renaissance.jpg|The ''Supreme Parish Church'' with its double-tower façade of 1538 with northerly adjacent parts of Berlin's Palace. Miniature shown in the present church building.
File:Berlin Domkirche Innenansicht 1705 (GP Busch n E von Göthe).jpg|View of the interior of the ''Supreme Parish Church'' in 1705 (the only known graphic with this view)
File:1736 Domkirche.jpg|The ''Supreme Parish Church'' in 1736 with its new towers
</gallery>

===The Supreme Parish Church in its new Building north of the Palace (1750–1893)===
On 6 September 1750, the new baroque Calvinist ''Supreme Parish Church'' was inaugurated, built by Johann Boumann ''the Elder'' in 1747–1750. The electoral tombs were transferred to the new building. The new structure covered a space north of the palace, which is still covered by the present building.<ref name="Elisabeth Stephani 1986, p. 362" />
 
In 1817, under the auspices of King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]], the community of the ''Supreme Parish Church'', like most Prussian Calvinist and Lutheran congregations joined the common umbrella organization named [[Evangelical Church in Prussia]] (under this name since 1821), with each congregation maintaining its former denomination or adopting the new united denomination. The community of the ''Supreme Parish Church'' adopted the new denomination of the [[Prussian Union of churches|Prussian Union]]. Today's [[Presbytery (church polity)|presbytery]] of the congregation bears the unusual name in {{langx|de|link=no|Domkirchenkollegium}}, literally ''Cathedral College'', thus recalling the history of the church as a collegiate church.

In celebration of the Union [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] remodeled the interior in the same year and in 1820–1822 the exterior of Boumann's church in the [[neoclassical architecture|neoclassicist style]].<ref name="Elisabeth Stephani 1986, p. 362" /> The ''Supreme Parish and Cathedral Church'' faced at its southern façade [[Berlin Palace|Berlin City Palace]], the residence of the [[Hohenzollerns]] (severely damaged in World War II and demolished later by the East German government, later reconstructed as [[Humboldt Forum]]), and the [[Lustgarten]] park at its western front, which is still there.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">
File: Dom Berlin Miniatur 057.jpg|left|Miniature of the ''Supreme Parish Church'' in Berlin, as built by J. Boumann ''the Elder'' in 1750
File:Dom Berlin Miniatur.jpg|The ''Supreme Parish Church'' after [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel|Schinkel]]'s remodelling, {{Circa|1830}}
</gallery>

===Modern Berlin Cathedral (1893–present)===
[[File:Dom Berlin 1900.jpg|thumb|left|Berlin Cathedral from the [[Lustgarten]] (ca. 1900)]]
[[File:2023 Berliner Dom - Westfassade -- 01.jpg|thumb|Berlin Cathedral with simplified design (2023)]]

However, in the 19th century, a new building was under discussion, but the post-Napoleonic poverty made its realization impossible. After dismantling the movable interior (altar, paintings, sarcophagi), Boumann's building was demolished in 1893 and [[Julius Carl Raschdorff|Julius]] and {{ill|Otto Raschdorff|de}}, father and son, built the present ''Supreme Parish and Cathedral Church'' in exuberant forms of high [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Neo-Renaissance]] style.<ref name="Elisabeth Stephani 1986, p. 362" />

[[File:Berliner Dom 1964 organ.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The organ in 1964 – on the floor the rubble of the dome, destroyed in an Allied bombing 1944]]

With no separation of Protestant church and state of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] officiated as the ''summus episcopus'' (Supreme Governor of the [[Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces]], as it was named since 1875) and the state paid the complete construction cost of 11.5&nbsp;million [[German gold mark|Marks]]. At {{convert|114|m|ft|0}} long, {{convert|73|m|ft|0}} wide and {{convert|116|m|ft|0}} tall, it was much larger than any of the previous buildings and was considered a Protestant counterweight to [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in Vatican City. On 27 February 1905, the present building was inaugurated.<ref name="Sauer">{{cite AV media |people=Pohl, Michael, Johann S. Bach, Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Josef Rheinberger, Max Reger, Max Reger, Max Reger, Max Reger, and Max Reger |year=1993 |title=Die Grosse Sauer-Orgel Im Berliner Dom |type=Sound recording |time= |location=Düsseldorf |publisher=Motette |oclc=33188606}}</ref>

In 1940, the blast waves of [[Bombing of Berlin in World War II|Allied bombing]] blew away part of the windows. On 24 May 1944, a bomb of combustible liquids entered the [[roof lantern]] of the dome. The fire could not be extinguished at that unreachable section of the dome. So the lantern burnt and collapsed into the main floor. Between 1949 and 1953, a temporary roof was built to enclose the building. On 9 May 1967 the then still undivided [[Evangelical Church of the Union]] decided a committee for the reconstruction of the ''Supreme Parish and Cathedral Church'', then located in [[East Berlin]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/milwaukee/2018/05/17/art-ritual-items-retrieved-charred-remains-trinity-church/619302002/| title=Religious artwork, ritual items retrieved from charred remains of Trinity church| newspaper=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]| first=Annysa| last=Jonnson| date=May 17, 2018| access-date=2018-09-15 |language=en}}{{failed verification|date=June 2023}}</ref> The government of the Eastern [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] did not oppose the work of the committee due to the concomitant inflow of [[Deutsche Mark]]s.

In 1975, reconstruction started, simplifying the building's original design and demolishing the north wing, the 'Denkmalskirche' – Memorial Church. Compared by some to the Medici Chapel, it had survived the war completely intact but was demolished for ideological reasons by the communist government due to it being a hall of honour for the Hohenzollern dynasty. This resulted in scaffolding for restoration appearing on the church while detonation charges were applied to its undamaged rear. The government also demanded the removal of as many crosses as possible. The demolition and redesign cost 800,000 marks, while the restoration (done on the cheap) cost just 50,000 marks.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/reise/restaurierung-des-berliner-doms-am-liebsten-haetten-sie-alle-kreuze-verschwinden-lassen-1.1689478| title=Am liebsten hätten sie alle Kreuze verschwinden lassen| first=Katja| last=Schnitzler| date=6 June 2013| trans-title=They would have preferred to make all the crosses disappear| newspaper=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]| location=Munich| language=German}}</ref> The Berlin Cathedral Building Society now seek to rebuild the Denkmalskirche.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.berlijn.com/berliner-dom/| title=Berliner Dom| date=2016-09-19| website=Berlijn.com| access-date=2018-09-15| language=nl-NL}}{{failed verification|date=January 2022}}</ref>

In 1980, the [[baptistery]] and wedding church reopened for services. The restoration of the nave began in 1984. On 6 June 1993, the nave was re-inaugurated in an event attended by [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)|Federal Chancellor]] [[Helmut Kohl]] and televised nationwide in Germany. There has been discussion to restore the dome and surrounding cupolas to their original appearance, but this has not occurred due to a lack of funds.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="140">
File:Berliner Dom Friedrichsbrücke um 1900.png|Berlin Cathedral with the northern wing 'Denkmalskirche' – Memorial Church, and the [[Berlin Palace]] in the background (ca. 1900)
File:Berliner Dom seen from James Simon Park.jpg|Berlin Cathedral without the northern wing (2019)
File:Berliner-Dom-1905-Grundriss.jpg|Floor plan of the Cathedral with the now demolished northern wing (on the left)
File:Berlin Cathedral Church Berliner Dom tunliweb 04.jpg|The reconstructed dome, 2016
File:Berliner Dom 002.jpg|View into the church, 2013
File:.00 1039 Berliner Dom, Altar.jpg|The altar, 2010
File:Exterior of Berlin Cathedral 05.jpg|The entrance portal, 2017
File:BerlinerDomFotoThalerTamas4.jpg|Hohenzollern [[crypt]] (''Hohenzollerngruft''), 2016
File:Dom Berlin Gruft 115.jpg|The sarcophagus of Margrave Philipp Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt, 2006
</gallery>

{{Panorama
|image   = CatedralBerlin.jpg
|height  = 200px
|width   = 
|alt     = Inside Berlin Cathedral at night
|caption = Inside Berlin Cathedral at night
|dir     = 
|align   = center
}}

== Music ==
{{Quote box
| quote = "SIEHE, ICH BIN BEI EUCH ALLE TAGE BIS AN DER WELT ENDE."<br />("SEE, I WILL BE BY YOU ALL THE DAYS UNTIL THE END OF THE WORLD.")
| source = —Biblical sentence (Matthew 28:20) above the main entrance to Berlin Cathedral (on the left)
| align = right
}}

=== Main organ ===
{{Quote box
| quote = "UNSER GLAUBE IST DER SIEG, DER DIE WELT UEBERWUNDEN HAT."<br />("OUR FAITH IS THE VICTORY THAT CONQUERED THE WORLD.")
| source = —Biblical sentence (1 John 5:4) above the main entrance to Berlin Cathedral (on the right)
| align = right
}}

The [[pipe organ]], built by [[Wilhelm Sauer]], was fully restored during reconstruction. It has 113&nbsp;stops, including three ranks of 32' pipes on the pedal division, played by a 4-manual console:<ref name="Sauer"/>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse;" 
| style="vertical-align:top" |
{| border="0"
| colspan=2 | '''I Hauptwerk''' C–a<sup>3</sup>
----
|-
|Prinzipal || 16'
|-
|Majorbaß || 16'
|-
|Prinzipal || 8'
|-
|Prinzipal amabile || 8'
|-
|Doppelflöte || 8'
|-
|Flûte harmonique || 8'
|-
|Bordun || 8'
|-
|Quintatön || 8'
|-
|Viola di Gamba || 8'
|-
|Gemshorn || 8'
|-
|Harmonika || 8'
|-
|Gedacktquinte || 5<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub>′
|-
|Oktave || 4'
|-
|Flûte octaviante || 4'
|-
|Fugara || 4'
|-
|Rohrflöte || 4'
|-
|Oktave || 2'
|-
|Rauschquinte II
|-
|Grosscymbel III
|-
|Scharff III–V
|-
|Kornett III–IV
|-
|Bombarde || 16'
|-
|Trompete || 8'
|-
|Clairon || 4'
|}
| style="vertical-align:top" |
{| border="0"
| colspan=2 | '''II Brustwerk''' C–a<sup>3</sup>
----
|-
|Prinzipal || 16'
|-
|Quintatön || 16'
|-
|Prinzipal || 8'
|-
|Geigenprinzipal || 8'
|-
|Doppelflöte || 8'
|-
|Spitzflöte || 8'
|-
|Soloflöte || 8'
|-
|Rohrflöte || 8'
|-
|Salicional || 8'
|-
|Dulciana || 8'
|-
|Oktave || 4'
|-
|Spitzflöte || 4'
|-
|Flauto Dolce || 4'
|-
|Salicional || 4'
|-
|Quinte || 2<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub>′
|-
|Piccolo || 2'
|-
|Mixtur IV
|-
|Cymbel III
|-
|Kornett III
|-
|Tuba || 8'
|-
|Klarinette || 8'
|}
| style="vertical-align:top" |
{| border="0"
| colspan=2 | '''III Schwellwerk''' C–a<sup>3</sup>
----
|-
|Salicional || 16'
|-
|Bordun || 16'
|-
|Prinzipal || 8'
|-
|Schalmei || 8'
|-
|Hohlflöte || 8'
|-
|Konzertflöte || 8'
|-
|Gedeckt || 8'
|-
|Gemshorn || 8'
|-
|Unda maris || 8'
|-
|Dolce || 8'
|-
|Oktave || 4'
|-
|Quintatön || 4'
|-
|Traversflöte || 4'
|-
|Gemshorn || 4'
|-
|Nasard || 2<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub>′
|-
|Waldflöte || 2'
|-
|Terz || 1<sup>3</sup>/<sub>5</sub>′
|-
|Mixtur III
|-
|Trompete || 8'
|-
|Cor anglais || 8'
|-
|Glockenspiel
----
'''Rückpositiv'''
----
|-
|Flötenprinzipal || 8'
|-
|Flöte || 8'
|-
|Gedackt || 8'
|-
|Dulciana || 8'
|-
|Zartflöte || 4'
|}
| style="vertical-align:top" |
{| border="0"
| colspan=2 | '''IV Schwellwerk''' C–a<sup>3</sup>
----
|-
|Lieblich Gedackt || 16'
|-
|Prinzipal || 8'
|-
|Traversflöte || 8'
|-
|Spitzflöte || 8'
|-
|Lieblich Gedackt || 8'
|-
|Quintatön || 8'
|-
|Aeoline || 8'
|-
|Voix céleste || 8'
|-
|Prestant || 4'
|-
|Fernflöte || 4'
|-
|Violine || 4'
|-
|Gemshornquinte || 2<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub>′
|-
|Flautino || 2'
|-
|Harmonia aetheria III
|-
|Trompete || 8'
|-
|Oboe || 8'
|-
|Vox Humana || 8'
|-
|
|-
|''Tremolo zu Vox humana''
|}
| style="vertical-align:top" |
{| border="0"
| colspan=2 | '''Pedal''' C–f<sup>1</sup>
----
|-
|Prinzipal || 32'
|-
|Untersatz || 32'
|-
|Prinzipal || 16'
|-
|Offenbaß || 16'
|-
|Violon || 16'
|-
|Subbaß || 16'
|-
|Gemshorn || 16'
|-
|Lieblich Gedackt || 16'
|-
|Quintbaß || 10<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub>′
|-
|Prinzipal || 8'
|-
|Flötenbaß || 8'
|-
|Violoncello || 8'
|-
|Gedackt || 8'
|-
|Dulciana || 8'
|-
|Quinte || 5<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub>′
|-
|Oktave || 4'
|-
|Terz || 3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>5</sub>′
|-
|Quinte || 2<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub>′
|-
|Septime || 2<sup>2</sup>/<sub>7</sub>′
|-
|Oktave || 2'
|-
|Kontraposaune || 32'
|-
|Posaune || 16'
|-
|Fagott || 16'
|-
|Trompete || 8'
|-
|Clairon || 4'
|}
|}

* II/I, III/I, IV/I, Super I, III/II, IV/II, Super II, IV/III, I/P, II/P, III/P, IV/P
* 3 Freie Kombinationen, Mezzoforte, Forte, Tutti, Rohrwerke, Jalousieschweller III. Manual, Jalousieschweller IV. Manual, Jalousieschweller Vox humana, Handregister ab, Rückpositiv ab.

[[File:Berlin-14-110.jpg|thumb|[[Wilhelm Sauer|Sauer]] organ]]

=== Ensembles ===
Contributing to the cathedral's comprehensive concert programme is their own set of choirs (Berliner Domkantorei) and a brass ensemble (Berliner Dombläser). Berlin Cathedral is also the main place of activity for the renowned boys' choir Staats- und Domchor Berlin, an institution of the [[Berlin University of the Arts]]. Since Advent 2015, The English Choir Berlin, a multinational SATB adult choir, sings Choral Evensong (Domvesper in anglikanisher Tradition) monthly on a Saturday evening and, from time to time sings at Sunday morning divine services.

== Bells ==
Unlike most large cathedrals in Germany, Berlin Cathedral only has 3 bells hanging in the northwest tower. The bells are suspended in a three-section steel frame.  The heaviest bell is called ''the New Wilsnack Bell''. It is decorated with images of the Crucified and the Risen Christ. It replaced the bell of the Wilsnack Church of the Holy Blood , dating from 1471, which had been located in the predecessor buildings of Berlin Cathedral since 1552. It became unusable due to a crack in 1921, was repaired, and, cracked again in 1928, was moved to Lauchhammer. There, in 1930, it was saved at the last minute from being melted down by the Märkisches Museum and was placed in the museum's ''church hall in 1935.'' 
{| class="wikitable"
!Bell Number
!Bell Name (German)
!Bell Name (English)
!Casting year
!Foundry, casting site
!Weight
!strike tone
|-
|1
|'''Neue Wilsnacker Glocke'''
|'''New Wilsnack Bell'''
|1929
|Lauchhammer Bell Foundry
|3000 kg
|h°
|-
|2
|'''Brandenburger Glocke'''
|'''Brandenburg Bell'''
|1913
|Bell foundry M & O Ohlsson ( Lübeck )
|2128 kg
|d'
|-
|3
|'''Osterburger Glocke'''
|'''Osterburg Bell'''
|1532
|Hinrik van Kampen
|1752 kg
|e'
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Germany}}
*[[Religion in Berlin]]
*[[List of tallest domes]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Berlin]]

==References==

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last=Gottschalk |first=Wolfgang |date=1985 |title=Altberliner Kirchen in Historischen Ansichten |location=Würzburg |publisher=Weidlich |isbn=978-3-8035-1262-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kühne|first1=Günther |last2=Stephani|first2=Elisabeth|date= 1986|orig-year=1978 |title=Evangelische Kirchen in Berlin |location=Berlin |publisher=CZV-Verlag|edition=2nd |isbn=978-3-7674-0158-7}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Berlin Cathedral}}
*{{official website|http://www.berlinerdom.de/}}
*[http://www.panorama-cities.net/berlin/berlin_cathedral.html Berlin Cathedral at Panoramas of German Cities]
*[http://www.dhm.de/besuch-service/webcams Berlin webcam including view of Berlin Cathedral and the Palace of the Republic by Deutsches Historisches Museum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100214185102/http://www.sight3d.com/sights/Berlin-Cathedral Three-dimensional view] of Berlin Cathedral (without plugin English, German, Spanish)

{{Visitor attractions in Berlin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:United Protestant church buildings in Berlin|BerlinerDom]]
[[Category:United Protestant cathedrals in Germany|BerlinerDom]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mitte]]
[[Category:Prussian cultural sites]]
[[Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures in Berlin]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1905]]
[[Category:20th-century Protestant churches]]
[[Category:Former collegiate churches in Germany|Berlin]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the House of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Church buildings with domes]]
[[Category:Baroque Revival architecture in Germany]]
[[Category:Renaissance Revival architecture in Germany]]
[[Category:1905 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Rebuilt churches in Germany]]