View source for Bilston

{{short description|Market town in the West Midlands, England}}
{{about|the town in England|the Bilston in Scotland|Bilston, Midlothian|other uses|Bilston (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country = England
| official_name = Bilston
| coordinates = {{coord|52.566|-2.073|display=inline,title}}
| metropolitan_borough = [[The City of Wolverhampton|Wolverhampton]]
| region = West Midlands
| metropolitan_county = [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Wolverhampton South East (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South East]]
| population = 25,576
| population_ref = (2011.Wards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13689826&c=Bilston&d=14&e=62&g=6368271&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1450610931870&enc=1|title=Bilston East Ward, Wolverhampton MBC population 2011|access-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015950/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13689826&c=Bilston&d=14&e=62&g=6368271&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1450610931870&enc=1|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13689827&c=Bilston&d=14&e=62&g=6368305&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1450611188479&enc=1|title=Bilston North Ward, Wolverhampton MBC population 2011|access-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105338/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13689827&c=Bilston&d=14&e=62&g=6368305&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1450611188479&enc=1|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| post_town = BILSTON
| postcode_district = WV14
| postcode_area = WV
| dial_code = 01902
| os_grid_reference = SO951964
| static_image_name = {{multiple images
| image1 = Bilston Market entrance, Wolverhampton - geograph.org.uk - 5600323.jpg
<!--please crop me at the top and bottom-->
| image2 = St Leonard's Church (detail) in Bilston, Wolverhampton - geograph.org.uk - 5599219.jpg
| image3 = Bilston Town Hall.JPG
|align = center |total_width = 280|perrow=1 2
}}
| static_image_caption = Top: Bilston Market entrance. Lower: St Leonard's Church, [[Bilston Town Hall|Town Hall]]
| parts_type = Areas of the town
| p1 = [[Bradley, West Midlands|Bradley]] (Village)
| p2 = [[Ettingshall]] (Part)
| p3 = [[Lanesfield]]
| p4 = [[The Lunt]]
| p5 = [[Woodcross]]
}}

'''Bilston''' is a [[market town]] in the [[City of Wolverhampton]] in the [[West Midlands County|West Midlands]], England. It is in the [[Black Country]], {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} south east of Wolverhampton city centre and close to the borders of [[Sandwell Metropolitan Borough|Sandwell]] and [[Walsall Metropolitan Borough|Walsall]]. The town was known for [[Vitreous enamel|enamelling]] from the mid-17th century, and is a former coal and iron mining district. Iron works dominated in [[Victorian era|Victorian times]] and the area became a centre for steel production. The town had a population of 34,639 at the 2021 Census.

==History==
Bilston was first referred to in AD 985 as ''Bilsatena'' when [[Wolverhampton]] was granted to [[Wulfrun]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=860|title=Anglo-Saxons.net : S 860|website=www.anglo-saxons.net|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> then in 996 as ''Bilsetnatun'' in the grant charter of St. Mary's Church (now [[St. Peter's Collegiate Church, Wolverhampton]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&id=1380&type=charter|title=Anglo-Saxons.net : S 1380|website=www.anglo-saxons.net|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/wulfruna/wulfruna01.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527210326/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/wulfruna/wulfruna01.htm|url-status=dead|title=Lady Wulfruna|archive-date=27 May 2008|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> ''Bilsetnatun'' can be interpreted as meaning the settlement (''ton'') of the folk (''saetan'') of the ridge (''bill''). It is mentioned in the [[Domesday Book]] as a village called ''Billestune''. 

[[Historic counties of England|Historically]] in Staffordshire, Bilston was a largely rural area until extensively developed for factories and coal mining in the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/BilstonDirectory/BilstonLocGov/bilstonlocgov.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904011317/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/BilstonDirectory/BilstonLocGov/bilstonlocgov.htm|url-status=dead|title=Bilston Local Government|archive-date=4 September 2012|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

In 1866 Bilston became a [[civil parish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10273171|title=Relationships and changes Bilston CP/Ch/Tn through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=30 September 2024}}</ref> Bilston [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|Urban District]] Council was formed under the [[Local Government Act 1894]] covering the ancient parish of Bilston. The urban district was granted a [[royal charter]] in 1933, becoming a [[municipal borough]] and Alderman Herbert Beach its Mayor. Between 1920 and 1966, the council replaced most of the 19th-century [[terraced house]]s with rented modern houses and flats on developments like Stowlawn, the Lunt, and Bunker's Hill. By 1964 there were more than 6,000 council houses.

On 1 April 1966 the Borough of Bilston was abolished, with most of its territory incorporated into the [[County Borough]] of Wolverhampton (see [[History of West Midlands]]), although parts of Bradley in the east of the town were merged into [[Walsall]] borough and part went to [[West Bromwich]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10026908|title=Relationships and changes Bilston UD/MB through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=30 September 2024}}</ref> The parish was also abolished on 1 April 1966 and merged with Wolverhampton, Walsall and West Bromwich.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/bilston.html|title=Bilston Registration District|publisher=UKBMD|accessdate=30 September 2024}}</ref> In 1961 the parish had a population of 33,067.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10026908/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Bilston UD/MB through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=30 September 2024}}</ref>

[[Bilston Town Hall]], dating from 1872, has now been refurbished and re-opened. It had been derelict for more than a decade after Wolverhampton Council discontinued its use as housing offices, but now operates as a venue for events, conferences, performances and occasions.

Bilston lost its passenger [[Bilston Central railway station|railway station]] in 1972, although goods trains continued to pass through the site of the station for a further decade. The town's new bus station opened in October 1991, linking with [[Bilston Central tram stop|the town's]] [[West Midlands Metro]] station, which opened in May 1999.

The huge [[British Steel Corporation]] plant to the west of the town centre was closed in 1979, after 199 years of steel production at the site, with the loss of nearly 2,000 jobs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilston History |url=https://www.bilstononline.co.uk/hob3.htm |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=www.bilstononline.co.uk}}</ref> Part of the site was developed as the Sedgemoor Park Housing Estate between 1986 and 1989, and a [[B&Q]] superstore opened on another part of the site in December 1993, forming the first phase of a new small retail park and industrial estate which developed over the next decade. The [[GKN]] steel plant to the south of the town centre closed in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilston History |url=https://www.bilstononline.co.uk/hob3.htm |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=www.bilstononline.co.uk}}</ref>

Construction of the long-awaited [[Black Country Route]] began in the mid 1980s, although the final phase was not completed until July 1995, by which time Bilston had a direct unbroken dual carriageway link with [[Dudley]], [[Walsall]] and the [[M5 Motorway]]. The [[Black Country Spine Road]] opened at the same time, improving Bilston's road links with [[West Bromwich]] and [[Birmingham]].

21st century developments in Bilston include the [[South Wolverhampton and Bilston Academy]] and the adjoining [[Bert Williams Leisure Centre]], which form the centerpiece of the town's new Urban Village, which is planned to include an eventual total of more than 1,000 new homes.<ref>{{cite web | author = FPCR Environment and Design Ltd | title = Bilston Urban Village, Wolverhampton | date = 2022 | url = https://www.fpcr.co.uk/projects/bilston-urban-village-wolverhampton/ | access-date = 8 July 2022}}</ref>

==St Leonard's Church==
[[File:Stleonardsbilston.jpg|thumb|St. Leonard's [[Church of England]] church. Bilston]]
Christian worship in Bilston can be traced back to 1090. In 1458, the chapel was replaced by St Leonard's Chantry and a third renovated church was consecrated in 1733. The church seen today dates from a rebuilding of 1825–26 to the designs of Francis Godwin in the manner of [[John Soane]] and is the fourth church on the site, though a small amount of older stonework from the C14 or C15 remains visible inside the present tower.<ref>{{cite book | last = Foster | first = Andy | title = Birmingham and the Black Country | series = Buildings of England | publisher = Yale University Press | date = 2002}}</ref> It was altered in 1882–83 by prolific church architect [[Ewan Christian]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/interesting/StLeonards/StLeonards.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118015044/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/interesting/StLeonards/StLeonards.htm|url-status=dead|title=Brian Lockley, ''St Leonard's Church Bilston, a Brief History''|archive-date=18 November 2007|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> Ewan Christian altered the aisle windows into single tall, thin openings where there had previously been two. The church contains a font of 1673, probably from the older church.<ref>{{NHLE | num = 1282492 | desc = Church of St Leonard}}</ref> The church is painted stucco inside and out. It is also unusual in having a [[chamfer]]ed square tower, giving it an octagonal appearance, in being surmounted with a [[cupola]], a golden globe with [[weather vane]] and a fenced viewing platform.

==Industry==
[[File:Bonbonnière MET SF64 101 815 img1.jpg|thumb|An enamelled [[bonbonnière]] from Bilston, now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York]]
From the middle of the 18th century, Bilston became well known for the craft of [[enamelling]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Portrait of the Black Country|last=Parsons|first=Harold|publisher=Robert Hale|year=1986|isbn=0709025742|location=London|pages=67–87}}</ref> Items produced included decorative containers such as patch-boxes, scent boxes, and bonbonnieres.

With the opening of the [[BCN Main Line|Birmingham Canal]] to the west of the town in 1770, industrial activity in the local area increased, with the first blast furnaces near the canal at Spring Vale being erected by 1780.

Bilston was transformed by the [[Industrial Revolution]]. In 1800, it was still a largely rural area dependent on farming. By 1900, it was a busy town with numerous factories and coalmines, as well as a large number of houses for the workers and their families. The Bilston coal mines were reputedly haunted by an evil spirit, so the miners brought in a local [[exorcist]] known as The White Rabbit.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ash |first=Russell |date=1973 |title=Folklore, Myths and Legends of Britain |publisher=Reader's Digest Association Limited |page=309 |isbn=9780340165973 }}</ref>

Six new blast furnaces were erected there between 1866 and 1883. Five of these were producing a total of nearly 25,000 tons of steel per year at what was now known as Bilston Steel Works. The first electric powered blast furnaces opened there in 1907, and finally in 1954 the "Elisabeth" blast furnace was erected, creating 275,000 tons of steel per year. However, by the 1970s the steel works had become uneconomic and the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] government decided to close it, with closure taking place on 12 April 1979. The iconic "Elisabeth" was demolished on 5 October 1980. Local unemployment, which had been steadily rising for some years, was pushed even higher by the plant's closure.<ref>[https://archive.today/20121224093140/http://www.wolverhamptonhistory.org.uk/work/industry/steel Industry. Steel] </ref> A former railway bridge which connected parts of the steelworks site remains in situ across the canal.

The industry remained prolific during the [[Interwar period|interwar]] years, but much of the housing was now sub-standard, and during the 1920s and 1930s, many of the older houses were cleared and replaced by modern council houses.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Lemuel Francis Abbott - Portrait of John Wilkinson, The Ironmaster.jpg|thumb|140px|[[John Wilkinson (industrialist)|John Wilkinson]] ]]
[[File:Sir Henry John Newbolt by George Charles Beresford (1900s-1910s).jpg|thumb|140px|[[Henry Newbolt]], (1900s-1910s)]]
[[File:George Onions (1883–1944).png|thumb|140px|[[George Onions]] VC, 1924]]
*[[John Wilkinson (industrialist)|John "Iron-Mad" Wilkinson]] (1728-1808 in Bradley), industrialist, built a blast furnace in Bilston in 1748.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle= Wilkinson, John |volume= 28 |pages= 647-648|short=1}}</ref>
*[[Richard Salter (inventor)|Richard Salter]] (?), inventor, began making the first [[spring scale]]s in Bilston in the late 1760s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Salter Housewares |url=http://www.salterhousewares.com/salter_uk/salter-history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705060220/http://www.salterhousewares.com/salter_uk/salter-history |archive-date=5 July 2011 |access-date=19 April 2011 |publisher=Salter Housewares}}</ref>
*[[John Croft (architect)|John Croft]] (1800-1865), architect, prominent for being a "Rogue Architect of the Victorian Era".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-31 |title=John Croft: the most mysterious rogue of all? |url=https://lesseminentvictorians.com/2020/08/31/john-croft-the-most-mysterious-rogue/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=Less Eminent Victorians |language=en}}</ref>
*[[George T. Morgan]] (1845-1925), [[Chief Engraver of the United States Mint]], designed the [[Morgan dollar|Morgan silver dollar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=George T. Morgan - Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951 |url=https://www.sculpture.gla.ac.uk/mapping/public/view/person.php?id=msib4_1202991268 |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=www.sculpture.gla.ac.uk}}</ref>
*[[T. E. Hickman]] (1859-1930), Army Brigadier-General and MP for [[Bilston (UK Parliament constituency)|Bilston]], 1918/1922
*[[Sir Henry Newbolt]] (1862-1938), poet, novelist and historian.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle= Newbolt, Henry John |volume= 19 |page= 463 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Francis Newbolt|Sir Francis Newbolt]] (1863-1940), barrister, judge and artist.
*[[Charles Kidson]] (1867-1908), artist, leading figure in New Zealand's [[Arts and Crafts movement]] in [[University of Canterbury Faculty of Arts|Canterbury]].
*[[Titus Lowe]] (1877-1959), bishop, served for the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]].
*[[George Page (mayor)|George Page]] (1878-1972), Mayor of [[Nelson, New Zealand]], 1935 to 1941.
*[[Geoffrey Peto]] (1878-1956), MP for the [[Bilston (UK Parliament constituency)|constituency of Bilston]], 1931/1935
*[[Edward Kidson]] (1882-1939), meteorologist, enhanced weather forecasting in [[New Zealand]].
*[[George Onions|Captain George Onions]] (1883-1944), British soldier, awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] in August 1918.<ref>{{cite web |title=George Onions VC |url=http://www.search.digital-ladywood.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?theme=&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault.asp&page=1&records=&direction=1&pointer=3463&text=0&resource=9254 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130624181305/http://www.search.digital-ladywood.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?theme=&originator=/engine/theme/default.asp&page=1&records=&direction=1&pointer=3463&text=0&resource=9254 |archive-date=24 June 2013 |access-date=8 June 2013 |website=www.search.digital-ladywood.org.uk}}</ref>
*[[Tom Webster (cartoonist)|Tom Webster]] (1886–1962), cartoonist and caricaturist.
*[[William Harold Dudley]] (1890-1949), painter, known for his landscapes.
*[[Hugh Walters (author)|Hugh Walters]] (1910 in Bradley – 1993), science fiction writer, lived the majority of his life in Bilston.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugh Walters<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/BCMC/pages1/walters/walters.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808154532/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/BCMC/pages1/walters/walters.htm |archive-date=8 August 2007 |access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>
*[[Frank Bealey]] (1922-2013), political scientist, pioneer in the academic study of politics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-22 |title=Obituary: Frank Bealey, Arctic convoys veteran who became an influential professor of politics at Aberdeen |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-frank-bealey-arctic-convoys-veteran-who-became-an-influential-professor-of-politics-at-aberdeen-2469381 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Bruce Forsyth|Sir Bruce Forsyth]] (1928-2017), entertainer, made his first public stage appearance, billed as "Boy Bruce, the Mighty Atom", aged 14 at the Theatre Royal in 1942.
*[[David Daker]] (born 1935), actor, best-known role on TV was ''Harry Crawford'' in ''[[Boon (TV series)|Boon]]''
*[[Dennis Turner]] (1942-2014), [[Wolverhampton South East (UK Parliament constituency)|local]] MP, 1987 to 2005, life peer, granted the title ''Baron Bilston''
*[[Michael Lyons (sculptor)|Michael Lyons]] (1943-2019), sculptor, prominent works on display at the [[Yorkshire Sculpture Park]].
*[[Electric Light Orchestra#Members|Steve Woolam]] (1946–1971), violinist, one of the founding members of the [[Electric Light Orchestra]].
*[[Don Powell]] (born 1946), drummer in the band [[Slade]].
*[[James Fleet]] (born 1952), actor, played ''Tom'' in the [[romantic comedy]] film ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]''.<ref>[http://www.whatsonstage.com/index.php?pg=207&story=E8821185281435] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212224615/http://www.whatsonstage.com/index.php?pg=207&story=E8821185281435|date=12 February 2012}}</ref><ref>[https://www.londontheatre.co.uk/theatre-news/interviews/james-fleet James Fleet – Questions and Answers – Interview<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[Jane Owen]] (born 1963), politician and diplomat, the current Governor of the [[Cayman Islands]]
*[[Sonita Gale]] (born 1975), documentary filmmaker, made the film [[Hostile (2021 film)|''Hostile'']] which showcased the [[Home Office hostile environment policy]].
=== Sport ===
[[File:Retrato basado en el futbolista inglés Bert Williams.JPG|thumb|140px|[[Bert Williams (footballer, born 1920)|Bert Williams]], 2014]]
*[[Jack Holden (runner)|Jack Holden]] (1907–2004), a long-distance runner
*[[Edith Atkins]] (1920 – 1999), racing cyclist and a prolific breaker of long-distance records
*[[Reg Lewis (footballer)|Reg Lewis]] (1920-1997), footballer, who scored both goals for [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in their 2–0 victory over [[Liverpool]] in the 1950 [[FA Cup]] final.
*[[Bert Williams (footballer, born 1920)|Bert Williams]] (1920 in [[Bradley, West Midlands|Bradley]]- 2014), football goalkeeper, played 406 games including  381 with [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolves]] and 24 with [[England national football team|England]].
*[[Bill Shorthouse]] (1922 – 2008), football player and coach, who played 344 games for [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolves]].
*[[Dennis Gordon]] (1924 – 1998), footballer who played 277 games for [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton]]
*[[George Showell]] (1934 – 2012) footballer who played 200 games for [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolves]].
*[[Maureen Tranter]] (born 1947), retired sprinter, competed at the [[1968 Summer Olympics]]
*[[Ron Pountney]] (born 1955) former footballer who played 347 games for [[Southend United F.C.]] 
*[[Mark Grew]] (born 1958),  football goalkeeper, played 277 games including 184 for [[Port Vale F.C.|Port Vale]]

==Transport==

=== Canal ===
The original line of the Birmingham Canal (now the [[BCN Main Line#BCN Old Main Line|BCN Old Main Line]]) was planned to serve Bilston amongst other towns.<ref>{{Cite book| edition = 3rd| publisher = David & Charles| isbn = 978-0-7153-8644-6| last = Hadfield| first = Charles| title = The canals of the West Midlands| location = Newton Abbot [Devon] ; North Pomfret, Vt| series = The Canals of the British Isles| date = 1985|page=64}}</ref> The [[Bill (law)|bill]] for its construction stated that "the Primary and Principal Object of this Undertaking was and is to obtain a Navigation from the Collieries to this Town [ie Birmingham]".{{sfn|Hadfield|1985|p=64}} The canal opened from Wednesbury to Birmingham on 6 November 1769 and through to Newell on 25 March 1772.{{sfn|Hadfield|1985|p=65–66}} Coal from Bilston was reaching Birmingham by May 1770.{{sfn|Hadfield|1985|p=68}} When the BCN New Main Line was built the Wednesbury section became a loop serving industry and collieries, the southern part of which was subsequently abandoned and filled in. A branch was also built from the Walsall Canal to Bilston, but was closed in 1953.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Black Country Society| isbn = 978-0-904015-41-6| last = Richardson| first = Eric| title = Lost canals of the black country.| location = Kingswinford| date = 1996|page=21}} (Sketch map page 14)</ref>

=== Railway ===
From 1850 to 1972 there was a [[Bilston Central railway station|railway station]] in Bilston town centre, but passenger services were then withdrawn and the line via Bilston (from [[Wolverhampton Low Level railway station|Wolverhampton Low Level]] to [[Birmingham Snow Hill railway station|Birmingham Snow Hill]]) had been almost completely abandoned within a decade. There was also a railway station, [[Bilston West railway station|Bilston West]] on the now closed [[Oxford-Worcester-Wolverhampton Line]]. The final stub of the railway, connecting a town centre scrapyard with the [[South Staffordshire Line]] at [[Wednesbury]], closed in 1992.

=== Tram ===
[[File:Bilston Central, tram - geograph.org.uk - 1275894.jpg|thumb|Bilston Central Metro stop]]
Bilston has three [[West Midlands Metro]] tram stops on the line between Wolverhampton and [[Birmingham]]; [[Bilston Central tram stop|Bilston Central]], [[Loxdale tram stop|Loxdale]] and [[The Crescent tram stop|The Crescent]]. The town was set to be served by 2 new lines by 2024, with trams travelling to [[Stourbridge]] & [[Walsall]], however budget constraints have put back the opening date to at least 2025.

=== Road ===
A significant development in the Bilston area was the [[A463 road|A463]] [[Black Country Route]]. With more cars, the roads around Bilston town centre became increasingly congested. In the late 1960s, the government drew up plans for a new motorway bypassing Bilston (and running from the [[A4123 road|A4123]] near [[Coseley]] to Junction 10 of the [[M6 motorway]] at [[Walsall]]), which was scheduled to be completed by 1976, but nothing came of it. Plans for a new dual carriageway were revived in the early 1980s on a slightly different route, much closer to Bilston town centre. The first phase of the road (to be known as the Black County Route) was completed in 1986. Though initially running around {{convert|1/2|mi|m|abbr=off|spell=in}} east of the A4123, it was extended in 1990 to Oxford Street in Bilston town centre. In the town centre a number of buildings were demolished and roads re-routed, while one road, Market Street was obliterated. During 1995, completion of the final phase of the Black Country Route between Bilston and Junction 10 of the [[M6 motorway]] led to an improvement in traffic flow in and around the town centre.

=== Bus ===
Bilston Bus Station opened in 1991 and underwent refurbishment in 2005 by Centro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bus Station, Bilston |url=https://www.blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/GB149_P_7403 |access-date=1 January 2025 |website=Black Country history}}</ref> Buses run from the bus station to [[Wolverhampton]], [[Willenhall]], [[Wednesfield]], [[New Cross Hospital]], [[Tipton]], [[Dudley]] and [[Walsall]]. In addition, surrounding areas such as [[Ettingshall]], [[The Lunt]], Stowlawn, Rocket Pool, [[Bradley, West Midlands|Bradley]], [[Moxley, West Midlands|Moxley]] and [[Portobello, West Midlands|Portobello]] are served. Service 79 (Wolverhampton - [[West Bromwich]]) does not stop at the bus station, instead its route is along Wellington Road and Lichfield Street. 

Services 25, 34, 39, 42, 79, 82 and 530 (Sunday) are operated by [[National Express West Midlands]].[https://bustimes.org/operators/national-express-west-midlands] From January 2026 service 25 will be operated by Chaserider. Services 26A, 82 (Evening/Sunday), 223, 229, 303 and 326 are operated by [[Diamond West Midlands]]. Services 53 and 530 (Mon-Sat) are operated by Banga Bus and service 23/23A and 224 are operated by Carolean Coaches. Some services are subsidised by [[Transport for West Midlands]].

==Arts and culture==
[[File:Chestnut columns.JPG|right|thumb|Steel columns at Bilston by Robert Koenig. viewed from the side, August 2008]]
At the Bilston end of the [[Black Country Route]] can be seen the group of wooden statues designed by [[Robert Koenig (sculptor)|Robert Koenig]] and called "Steel Columns." "This sculpture was made from 15 lengths of [[sweet chestnut]] which stretch up to 6 metres in height. The male and female figures depicted are based on those found in old [[Victorian era|Victorian]] photographs of Bilston. The title ''Steel Columns'' is a reference to Bilston's steel making background and the connection the figures had with this history."<ref>[http://www.bilstonregeneration.co.uk/downloads/scupturetrail.pdf Wolverhampton Council, ''Black Country Route Sculptures'']{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Art and craft works of local significance from the eighteenth century are displayed at [[Bilston Craft Gallery]], which also has a temporary exhibition space where local art and crafts are often displayed. The craft gallery also hosts workshops for families and children, including school trips.

The artist [[William Harold Dudley]] was born in Bilston; several of his works are in the collection of [[Wolverhampton Art Gallery]].

Bilston Carnival in the 1960s travelled along Wellington Road before ending in Hickman Park where there would be [[Pat Collins (showman)|Pat Collins]]' fun fair, horse jumping and an open air stage hosting various entertainment including wrestling and live music bands. The park also had one of the tallest slides for children in any park.

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC West Midlands]] and [[ITV Central]]. Television signals are received from the [[Sutton Coldfield transmitting station|Sutton Coldfield]] TV transmitter. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sutton_Coldfield|title=Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=27 August 2024}}</ref> 

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio WM]], [[Heart West Midlands]], [[Smooth West Midlands]], [[Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire]], [[Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands]], [[Greatest Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire]] and [[WCR FM]], a community based station which broadcast from nearby [[Wolverhampton]]. 

The town is served by the local newspaper, ''[[Express & Star]]''.

==Education==
Bilston has 15 primary schools, and two secondary schools – [[South Wolverhampton and Bilston Academy]] and [[Moseley Park School]], which was originally Etheridge Secondary Modern (formerly Fraser Street Schools), and Bilston Boys' Grammar School. Manor Primary School, which used to be a secondary school, is sometimes incorrectly believed to be in Bilston, but is actually in Woodcross which is within the Wolverhampton-governed part of Coseley.

Bilston had a [[Cholera]] Orphan School which was opened on 3 August 1833 following a severe outbreak during the [[second cholera pandemic (1829–51)]] which had left 450 orphans in Bilston after the death of 742 sufferers.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Aris's Birmingham Gazette]]|date=12 August 1833|page=1|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000196/18330812/003/0001|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription |title=Bilston Cholera Schools}}</ref> [[The Royal School, Wolverhampton]] has similar origins.

==Crime==
In 1862 the case of David Brandrick, the "Bilston Murderer" was heavily covered by all the local papers. According to the'' Windsor and Eton Journal'', Saturday 11 January 1862, Brandrick was hanged outside [[HMP Stafford|Stafford Jail]] that morning for the murder of John Bagott, a clothier and pawnbroker.

On 30 September 2007, the body of 16-year-old Shane Owoo was recovered from a flooded clay pit near the Lunt estate. Two [[Wolverhampton]] men, Christopher Lewis and Marvin Walker, were found guilty of manslaughter on 25 April 2008 and sentenced to five and a half years in prison. The jury at [[Birmingham Crown Court]] heard that the pair had frogmarched Owoo to the pool amid allegations that he had stolen a bicycle from one of the defendants. A third man, Tobias Davies, received a 12-month prison sentence for assaulting Owoo, but had not been present when the other two men attacked him and chased him into the pool where he drowned.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_midlands/7366532.stm |work=BBC News | title=Two jailed over boy's pool death | date=25 April 2008}}</ref>

On 28 July 2009, 47-year-old [[Moxley, West Midlands|Moxley]] pub landlord Swinder Singh Batth was shot dead in the town centre outside Gavin's Sports Bar. Jasbir Singh Takhar, of [[Coseley]], and Sukwinder Singh Sanghera, of [[West Bromwich]], were jailed for life a year later for the murder; it was established that they had been attempting to shoot someone else. The trial judge recommended minimum terms of 29 and 28 years respectively. Five other people received prison sentences of between 21 months and three years for conspiracy to commit violent disorder in connection with the crime, while a sixth person received a three-and-half-year prison sentence for witness intimidation.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-black-country-10895308 |work=BBC News | title=Men jailed for life for Bilston pub landlord's murder | date=6 August 2010}}</ref>

On 21 November 2009, 50-year-old Dudley man Daniel McCalla was shot dead at the town's Tropical Harmony nightclub.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.birminghampost.net/2009/11/27/bilston-nightclub-shooting-family-pay-tribute-to-victim-danny-mccalla-97319-25266351/ |title=Birmingham Post – Bilston nightclub shooting: Family pay tribute to victim Danny McCalla |access-date=29 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929000022/http://www.birminghampost.net/2009/11/27/bilston-nightclub-shooting-family-pay-tribute-to-victim-danny-mccalla-97319-25266351/ |archive-date=29 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demography==
At the 2021 census, Bilston's built-up area population was recorded as having a population of 34,639. Of the findings, the ethnicity and religious composition of the wards separately were:

{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="14" style="text-align:right;"|'''Bilston: Ethnicity''': 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilston (West Midlands, West Midlands, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/westmidlands/west_midlands/E63002772__bilston/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
! Ethnic group
! Population
! %
|-
|White
|style="text-align:right;"|22,792
|style="text-align:right;"|65.8%
|-
|Asian or Asian British
|style="text-align:right;"|6,145
|style="text-align:right;"|17.7%
|-
|Black or Black British
|style="text-align:right;"|2,962
|style="text-align:right;"|8.6%
|-
|Mixed
|style="text-align:right;"|1,936
|style="text-align:right;"|5.6%
|-
|Other Ethnic Group
|style="text-align:right;"|730
|style="text-align:right;"|2.1%
|-
|Arab
|style="text-align:right;"|61
|style="text-align:right;"|0.3%
|-
|Total
|style="text-align:right;"|34,639
|style="text-align:right;"|100%
|}

The religious composition of the built-up area at the 2021 Census was recorded as:

{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="14" style="text-align:right;"|'''Bilston: Religion''': 2021 Census
|-
! Religious
! Population
! %
|-
|Christian
|style="text-align:right;"|15,112
|style="text-align:right;"|46.1%
|-
|No religion
|style="text-align:right;"|11,415
|style="text-align:right;"|34.8%
|-
|Sikh
|style="text-align:right;"|3,384
|style="text-align:right;"|10.3%
|-
|Hindu
|style="text-align:right;"|1,407
|style="text-align:right;"|4.3%
|-
|Muslim
|style="text-align:right;"|834
|style="text-align:right;"|2.5%
|-
|Other religion
|style="text-align:right;"|470
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4%
|-
|Buddhist
|style="text-align:right;"|132
|style="text-align:right;"|0.3%
|-
|Jewish
|style="text-align:right;"|15
|style="text-align:right;"|0.1%
|-
|Total
|style="text-align:right;"|34,639
|style="text-align:right;"|100%
|}

==Governance==
Four [[ward (politics)|ward]]s of [[Wolverhampton City Council]] now cover the town. These are Bilston South and [[Bilston North]], which almost entirely comprise parts of the historic Borough of Bilston and [[Ettingshall|Ettingshall North]] and [[Ettingshall South and Spring Vale (ward)|Ettingshall South and Spring Vale]], which comprise a part of Bilston and other parts of Wolverhampton.

The town was represented by [[Bilston (UK Parliament constituency)|Bilston parliamentary constituency]] from 1918 until 1974, which also included nearby [[Sedgley]] and [[Coseley]]. Bilston was then incorporated into [[Wolverhampton South East (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South East]], where it remains.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/1230/schedules/made |at=Schedule 1 Part 8 West Midlands region}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
*[http://www.blackcountrymuse.com/ Stories, Crime, and Old Photographs.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415170704/http://blackcountrymuse.com/ |date=15 April 2013 }}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100903161639/http://www.blackcountrygob.com/Photogallery/ Pictures from Bilston and its history]}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071118015044/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/interesting/StLeonards/StLeonards.htm Pictures of interior and exterior of St Leonard's church, 2002]
*[http://www.blackcountrysociety.co.uk/ Black Country Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329075402/http://www.blackcountrysociety.co.uk/ |date=29 March 2013 }}
*[http://www.bclm.co.uk/ Black Country Living Museum, which has buildings and object collections relating to Bilston]

{{Wards of Wolverhampton}}
{{West Midlands County}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Areas of Wolverhampton]]
[[Category:Towns in the West Midlands (county)]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in the West Midlands (county)]]
[[Category:Bilston]]