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{{Short description|Canadian pharmaceutical company}}
{{Infobox company
|  name            =  Biovail Corporation
|  logo            =  Biovail logo.svg
|  type            =  [[Public company|Public]]
|  traded_as       =  {{TSX was|BVF}}
|  founder         =  [[Eugene Melnyk]]<br />Rolf Reininghaus<br/>Mahmood Khan
|  defunct         =  {{End date|2010}}
|  fate            =  Merged with [[Valeant Pharmaceuticals International]]
|  area_served     =  [[North America]]
|  key_people      =  '''Dr. Douglas J.P. Squires'''<br /><small>([[Chairman]] of the [[Board of Directors|Board]])</small><br />'''William M. Wells'''<br /><small>([[CEO]])</small>
|  industry        =  [[Biotechnology]]<br />[[Pharmaceutical]]
|  products        =  [[Medicine]]<br />[[Drugs#Medication|Drugs]]
|  revenue         =  {{decrease}} [[United States Dollar|$]] 757.18 million <small>(2008)</small>
|  operating_income =  {{decrease}} [[United States Dollar|$]] 114.24 million <small>(2008)</small>
|  net_income      =  {{profit}} [[United States Dollar|$]] 199.90 million <small>(2008)</small>
|  assets          =  {{decrease}} [[United States Dollar|$]] 1.623 billion <small>(2008)</small>
|  equity          =  {{decrease}} [[United States Dollar|$]] 1.201 billion <small>(2008)</small>
|  num_employees   =  1,368 - <small>March 2009</small>
|  divisions       =  Biovail Pharmaceuticals Canada (BPC)<br />Biovail Contract Research ([[Canada]])<br />Biovail Corporation (Canada)
|  subsid          =  Biovail Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (BPI) ([[United States|U.S.]])<br />Biovail Technologies Ltd. (U.S.)<br />Biovail Laboratories - Dorado ([[Puerto Rico]])<br />Biovail Laboratories - Carolina (Puerto Rico)<br />Biovail Laboratories International SRL ([[Barbados]])<br />Biovail Technologies (Ireland) Limited
|  foundation      =  1991
|  location        =  [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]], Canada
|  homepage        =  [https://web.archive.org/web/20060429233847/http://www.biovail.com/ www.biovail.com]
}}

'''Biovail Corporation''' was a Canadian [[Pharmacology|pharmaceutical]] [[company (law)|company]], operating internationally in all aspects of pharmaceutical products.  Its major production facility was located in [[Steinbach, Manitoba|Steinbach]], Manitoba. It merged with [[Valeant Pharmaceuticals International]] in 2010.

==History==
{{Expand section|with=details surrounding early history (1991 onwards)|talk=Early life|small=no|date=May 2023}}
As noted in the February 2009 Settlement Agreement with the Ontario Securities Commission: "Biovail admitted that [...] it violated Ontario securities law and engaged in conduct contrary to the public interest."<ref>paragraph 44 of OSC Settlement https://www.osc.gov.on.ca/documents/en/Proceedings-SET/set_20090210_crombieb.pdf</ref>

On September 28, 2010, Biovail merged with Valeant Pharmaceuticals ([[Bausch Health]]). The company retained the Valeant name and [[J. Michael Pearson]] as CEO, but was incorporated in Canada and temporarily kept Biovail's headquarters.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biovail-valeant-idUSTRE65K1LA20100621 | work=Reuters | title=Drugmaker Biovail to buy Valeant in $3.3 billion deal | date=June 21, 2010 | access-date=July 3, 2017 | archive-date=October 6, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006080239/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/06/21/us-biovail-valeant-idUSTRE65K1LA20100621 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early growth and contributions in Canada ==

Biovail’s roots trace back to the 1980s, when Eugene Melnyk, through his company Trimel, pivoted from medical publishing toward pharmaceuticals. In the early 1990s, the firm restructured and adopted the Biovail name, with a strategic focus on drug delivery and controlled-release formulations of established molecules. By concentrating on formulation innovation rather than on de novo drug discovery, Biovail positioned itself to bring incremental improvements to therapies already proven safe and effective.<ref name="SEC2002">{{cite web|title=Biovail Annual Report 2002|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/885590/000091205702021149/a2079596zex-99_1.htm|publisher=U.S. SEC|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref>

=== Products and strategy ===
One of the company’s early commercial successes was the launch of the cardiovascular drug Tiazac (and its once-daily version Tiazac XC) in Canada. Other marketed products included Celexa, Wellbutrin SR/XL, and Retavase, promoted domestically through its Canadian sales arm, Crystaal (later Biovail Pharmaceuticals Canada).<ref name="BVFQ399">{{cite web|title=Biovail Corporation Quarterly Report, Q3 1999|url=https://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/NYS/BVF/reports/BVFQ399.pdf|publisher=Biovail Corporation|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref> These products introduced extended-release or simplified dosing schedules that improved adherence and outcomes for Canadian patients compared with earlier formulations.

Biovail also expanded through licensing agreements and acquisitions, applying its proprietary technologies such as CEFORM®, FlashDose®, and Consurf to improve drug delivery.<ref name="SEC2002" /> By leveraging formulation innovation, the company sought to add value without incurring the high costs and risks associated with discovering new chemical entities.

=== Operations and employment ===
Biovail invested heavily in Canadian operations. Its large manufacturing facility in Steinbach, Manitoba became a major local employer and an important contributor to Canada’s pharmaceutical production base.<ref name="Steinbach">{{cite news|title=Biovail plant adds jobs in Steinbach|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com|publisher=Winnipeg Free Press|date=1998-06-12|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref> The company also established its headquarters in Mississauga, Ontario, creating high-skill roles in management, finance, regulatory affairs, and strategy. Together, these sites anchored hundreds of jobs in Canada and provided a platform for training a generation of pharmaceutical professionals, many of whom went on to leadership positions across the Canadian life sciences sector.

At its peak, Biovail reported employing around 1,600 people worldwide, with approximately 1,368 employees on record in 2009.<ref name="Employees2009">{{cite web|title=Biovail Corporation profile|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biovail|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="SEC2007">{{cite web|title=Biovail Annual Report 2007|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/885590/000104746907002355/a2176855zex-99_1.htm|publisher=U.S. SEC|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref> Public filings did not specify the Canadian-only share of this workforce, but the Steinbach and Mississauga operations represented a significant proportion.

=== Economic and ecosystem impact ===
As one of the few Canadian-origin pharmaceutical firms to reach global scale in the 1990s and 2000s, Biovail was viewed domestically as a flagship success story. At its peak, the company reported revenue growth from US$19 million in the mid-1990s to over US$1 billion by the mid-2000s.<ref name="MelnykProfile">{{cite news|title=Profile: Eugene Melnyk|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Melnyk|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref> Its public listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange attracted institutional and retail investment, contributed to corporate and payroll tax revenues, and raised Canada’s profile as a home for internationally competitive pharmaceutical companies.

Biovail’s exports positioned Canada as a notable player in international pharmaceutical trade. In recognition of its contribution to export growth, Export Development Canada announced a US$50 million contribution in 2009 to support one of Biovail’s facilities.<ref name="EDC2009">{{cite web|title=Export Development Canada contributes US$50 million towards Biovail facility|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2009/07/export-development-canada-contributes-usd-50-million-towards-biovail-facility.html|publisher=Government of Canada|date=2009-07-14|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref> Beyond financial measures, Biovail’s operations created demand for contract research organizations, analytical labs, regulatory consultants, and packaging firms, fostering spillover growth in Canada’s wider life sciences ecosystem.

===Legal issues===

==== Aplenzin securities fraud class action ====
A class action suit was filed against Biovail by investors who between December 14, 2006, and July 19, 2007, bought Biovail stock, alleging that the company had failed to disclose that the multi-dose study on depression drug [[Aplenzin]] would not be sufficient for the FDA to approve it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/10/09/ap5530646.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012062222/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/10/09/ap5530646.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2008|title=Biovail faces lawsuit over depression drug|date=2008-09-10|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> The lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice in 2009, with Judge Colleen McMahon describing the complaint as "legally baseless."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth Employers' Retirement Fund v. Biovail Corp., 615 F. Supp. 2d 218 {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator |url=https://casetext.com/case/fort-worth-employers-retirement-fund-v-biovail-corp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719015716/https://casetext.com/case/fort-worth-employers-retirement-fund-v-biovail-corp |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 19, 2022 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=casetext.com}}</ref> 

====SAC/Gradient Analytics lawsuit and SEC complaint====
In March 2006, CBS program ''[[60 Minutes]]'' featured Biovail in a story about its lawsuit against hedge fund [[SAC Capital Partners]] and Camelback (now known as [[Gradient Analytics]]), among others. According to Eugene Melnyk, "there's a group of people that got together and essentially attacked the company by putting out false reports, and we're just fighting back for our shareholders."<ref name=stahl>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/24/60minutes/main1438812.shtml "Betting on a Fall", Lesley Stahl, ''60 Minutes'' story on Biovail lawsuit] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527130752/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/24/60minutes/main1438812.shtml |date=May 27, 2008 }}</ref>

The alleged conspiracy began with Camelback, an Arizona stock-analysis firm that advertises that it publishes impartial financial reports on companies to help investors evaluate stocks. In the spring of 2003, the hedge fund SAC asked them for a report on Biovail. Darryl Smith, Mark Rosenblum, Demetrios Anifantis, and Robert Ballash, former Camelback employees, alleged that Camelback had allowed their client SAC to determine the content and timing of their reports on Biovail.<ref name=stahl/>

Camelback said those former employees were lying and disgruntled, that Anifantis and Ballash were fired because of unethical conduct; Smith for poor performance; Rosenblum was laid off. These four say they were let go after they complained to their superiors about Camelback's practices. SAC denied all the charges in Biovail's lawsuit and said that the decline in the Biovail's stock was due to earnings shortfalls and regulatory investigations.<ref name=stahl/>

In March 2008, the [[United States Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) sued Biovail and some of its former officers, alleging that "present and former senior Biovail executives, obsessed with meeting quarterly and annual earnings guidance, repeatedly overstated earnings and hid losses in order to deceive investors and create the appearance of achieving earnings goals. When it ultimately became impossible to continue concealing the company's inability to meet its own earnings guidance, Biovail actively misled investors and analysts about the reasons for the company's poor performance."  Biovail settled for {{USD|10 million}}.<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2008/2008-50.htm SEC Charges Biovail Corporation and Senior Executives With Accounting Fraud], [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] press release, March 24, 2008</ref>  Gradient Analytics, successor to Camelback, issued a press release stating that the SEC's suit "confirms the validity of Gradient's critical analysis of Biovail but raises serious questions about how companies retaliate against analysts with threats, intimidation, and lawsuits."<ref>[http://www.gradientanalytics.com/news/GA%20RP%20BVF%2020080325.pdf Gradient Analytics' Early Research Identified Same Issues as Charges in SEC Complaint Against Biovail. SEC Credits Analysts Who Questioned Biovail, but Retaliation Against Independent Researchers Through Lawsuits Continues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708140002/http://www.gradientanalytics.com/news/GA%20RP%20BVF%2020080325.pdf |date=2008-07-08 }}, Gradient Analytics press release, March 25, 2008 (PDF)</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/business/25biovail.html?_r=1&oref=slogin U.S. and Canada Accuse Drug Maker of Fraud], Ian Austin, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 25, 2008</ref>

''60 Minutes'' has been accused of botching the Biovail story by the ''[[Columbia Journalism Review]]''{{'}}s Audit columnist and ''The New York Times''{{'}} [[Joe Nocera]], who felt Lesley Stahl accepted Biovail's conspiracy theories about short sellers without proper consideration.<ref>[https://www.cjr.org/the_audit/do_not_post_biovail.php 60 Minutes Blows Biovail Story]</ref><ref>[https://www.cjr.org/the_audit/60_minutess_biovail_trainwreck.php 60 Minutes’s Biovail Trainwreck (cont.)]</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/01/business/selling-short-the-virtues-of-short-sellers.html|work=The New York Times|title=No Free Title: "To continue reading the page you requested, you must be a subscriber to TimesSelect"|date=April 2006 |last1=Nocera |first1=Joe }}</ref>

SAC and Gradient filed a suit against Biovail for malicious prosecution in February 2010.<ref>Article by Carol Remond, Dow Jones News, February 18, 2010</ref>  On September 28 Biovail merged into [[Valeant Pharmaceuticals]] Inc.  On November 4 Valeant announced that they had settled with Gradient, saying "The initiation of litigation against Gradient, its founders Dr. Carr Bettis and Dr. Donn Vickrey, and others in 2006 by Biovail's management at the time was regrettable.  We would like to put this incident behind us."<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/valeant-pharmaceuticals-and-gradient-analytics-settle-lawsuit-106676193.html | title=Valeant Pharmaceuticals and Gradient Analytics Settle Lawsuit }}</ref>

====Penalties against Eugene Melnyk====
In May 2011, the [[Ontario Securities Commission]] in [[Canada]] banned [[Eugene Melnyk]] from senior roles at public companies in Canada for five years and fined him $565,000. Earlier in the same year Melnyk had settled with the US SEC, agreeing to pay a civil penalty of US$150,000; he had previously paid US$1 million to settle other claims with the SEC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/business/Senators+owner+Melnyk+banned+five+years+from+boardrooms+public+companies/4733378/story.html|title=Senators owner Melnyk banned for five years from boardrooms of public companies The Financial Post by Barbara Shector, May 5, 2011 |accessdate=2011-05-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060429233847/http://www.biovail.com/ Official site]
* [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/why-suing-critics-usually-backfires Herb Greenberg- Why suing critics usually backfires]

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[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian companies established in 2010]]
[[Category:Health care companies established in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:Accounting scandals]]
[[Category:Fraud in Canada]]
[[Category:2010 mergers and acquisitions]]