View source for Bison and Coyote armoured vehicles

[[File:12eregimentCoyote.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Coyotes from the [[12e Régiment blindé du Canada|12<sup>e</sup> Régiment blindé du Canada]]]]
The [[LAV II]] '''Bison''' and '''Coyote''' are [[Armoured car (military)|armoured car]]s, or [[armoured personnel carrier]]s built by [[General Dynamics Land Systems|General Dynamics Land Systems Canada]] for the [[Canadian Armed Forces]].<ref name=DnDCoyote>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.dnd.ca/menu/coyote/
| title=Exploring the Coyote
| publisher=[[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]]
| access-date=2008-09-18
| url-status=dead
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002044142/http://www.dnd.ca/menu/coyote/
| archive-date=2 October 2007
| df=dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name=GDCanadaVehicles>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.gdcanada.com/content/detail.cfm?acronym=vetronics
| title=Vetronics Engineering
| publisher=[[General Dynamics Canada]]
| access-date=2008-09-18
| url-status=dead
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429185239/http://www.gdcanada.com/content/detail.cfm?acronym=vetronics
| archive-date=29 April 2008
| df=dmy-all
}}</ref>
Bison vehicles have been used to a lesser extent by the [[Australian Army]] and the [[US National Guard]].<ref name="miltoday">{{Cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/bison.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306212343if_/http://www.military-today.com/apc/bison.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=6 March 2007|title=Bison - Armoured personnel carrier|access-date=2009-07-24}}</ref>

==Bison==
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Bison
| image              =
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Bison ambulance, Operation REASSURANCE [[NATO Enhanced Forward Presence|eFP Latvia]]
| origin             = [[Canada]]
| type               = [[Armoured personnel carrier]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_vehicle         = Yes
| is_UK              = Yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1990–present
| used_by            = See: [[Bison (armoured personnel carrier)#Operators|'Operators']]
| wars               = [[War on terror]] 
[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]
 
[[Yugoslav Wars]] (1991-2001)

[[United Nations Operation in Somalia II]] (1993-1995)

[[Gulf War]] (1990-1991)
[[Oka Crisis]] (1990)
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[General Motors Diesel]]
| design_date        = 1988
| manufacturer       = Diesel Division General Motors Canada
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = {{ubl|1988 (prototype)|1989 (regular production)}}
| number             = 199
| variants           = Personnel Carrier, Field Ambulance, 81mm Mortar Carrier, Command Post, Maintenance and Recovery Vehicle, Electronic Warfare Vehicle, Mobile Repair Team Vehicle, Air Space Coordination Centre Vehicle, Reconnaissance Vehicle<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/equipment/vehicles/bison-armoured-vehicle.page|title=Canadian Army Forces Bison Page|website=www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/|date=24 June 2013 |access-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506004431/http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/equipment/vehicles/bison-armoured-vehicle.page|archive-date=2021-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" /> 
<!-- General specifications -->| spec_label         = 
| weight             = {{convert|13|t|ST|abbr=on}}
| length             = {{convert|6.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = 
| width              = {{convert|2.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| height             = {{convert|2.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| diameter           = 
| crew               = 2 (driver & commander) + 8 passengers
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 1 × [[FN MAG|C6]] 7.62mm machine gun ([[pintle]])
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = [[Detroit Diesel]] 6V53T two-cycle turbo-charged diesel
| engine_power       = 275 hp
| pw_ratio           = 
| transmission       = Allison 5-speed MT653
| payload_capacity   = 
| suspension         = 8x8
| clearance          = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| speed              = {{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (land)<br/>{{convert|10|km/h|kn|abbr=on}} (water)
| guidance           = 
| steering           = 
}}
The Bison is an [[armoured personnel carrier]] that has been in active service since 1990, built by Diesel Division General Motors Canada.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /><ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" />

They were purchased and intended for operation by the [[Canadian Forces Primary Reserve]], but were rapidly appropriated by the Regular Force of [[Land Force Command]], leaving the armoured Reserve units with unarmed [[Volkswagen Iltis|Iltis]] jeeps.<ref name="dnd2">{{Cite web|url=https://army.ca/forums/threads/revamped-bison-repair-vehicle-delivered-to-cf.86415/|title=Bison Mobile Repair Team vehicle delivered to CF|publisher=army.ca|date=2009-05-30}}</ref><ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /><ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" />

=== Origins ===
Land Force Command began looking for a new armoured personnel carrier to equip the Canadian Forces Reserves, after the release of the 1987 Defence White Paper by the then recently appointed [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)]] [[Perrin Beatty]], which announced major spending increases to support the [[Canadian Forces]] Reserves.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1">{{cite web|url=http://canadianmilitaryhistory.ca/the-canadian-army-and-the-procurement-of-the-bison-a-short-history-by-frank-maas/|title=Canadian Army procurement of the Bison|website=canadianmilitaryhistory.ca|access-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131427/http://canadianmilitaryhistory.ca/the-canadian-army-and-the-procurement-of-the-bison-a-short-history-by-frank-maas/|archive-date=2020-10-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry">{{cite book |last1=Kasurak |first1=Peter |title=Canada's Mechanized Infantry: The Evolution of a Combat Arm, 1920-2012 |date=2020-02-01 |publisher=UBC Press |isbn=978-0774862721 |pages=178–183 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDLNDwAAQBAJ |access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> Leading this project was [[Colonel (Canada)|Colonel]] [[Roméo Dallaire]], the Head of the Army's Armoured Vehicle Assessment and Procurement at the time, who was intent on purchasing 200 M113A3, the most recently upgraded variant of the [[M113]] series, which the Canadian Forces were already using in the form of M113A1s and M113A2s.<ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" /> 

The original plan for these 200 M113A3s was to have the vehicles manufactured in the United States with some parts produced locally in Canada to fulfil Canadian content requirements for Canadian Forces procurement.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /> At the same time, Diesel Division General Motors Canada (DDGM) was nearing completion of [[LAV-25]] production for the [[United States Marine Corps]] and was facing the potential of having empty production lines for a year at the [[Ontario]] Plant, as they had no additional contracts until 1990 and considered shutting down the plant during that time.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /><ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" /> 

During this time a small team of salesmen and engineers heard about the army program and thought they had a chance to scoop up the contract and supply a vehicle based on the [[LAV II]] chassis with the idea that the vehicle would be better suited to the intended reservist role over the M113A3 due to being wheeled compared to the tracked M113 APC, as the vehicles would likely do a large amount of their movement by road within Canada as well as the cheaper operation costs of using a wheeled vehicle for the Reserves.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" />

===Design, prototype and procurement===
To convince Land Force Command to purchase the vehicle, two engineers from DDGM began to design the vehicle by working on a small scale model of the LAV II chassis. They cut off the troop compartment and added a large box on the rear half of the vehicle, which increased internal capacity. They replaced the two doors previously used for the troop compartment with a ramp similar to the style found on the M113. This small scale model was then shown to Dallaire, who was not interested in the proposal and continued to support the [[M113A3]] acquisition.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /> 

At this point DDGM decided to begin flexing lobbying muscles in 1988 to get the Canadian government to consider the vehicle more seriously. DDGM secured the support of [[Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)|Michael Wilson]], the [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance]], as well as members of Mobile Forces Command Headquarters in [[Saint-Hubert, Quebec]]. Engineers and executives of DDGM realized they would likely need the support of Dallaire to obtain the contract and decided that the way to win him over would be to build a full-scale prototype vehicle and present it to him. DDGM saw an opportunity to do this at [[Canadian Forces Base Borden]] for [[Armed Forces Day]] on June 5, 1988, as both Dallaire and Beatty would be attending the event.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /> 

The engineers had little time to spare to produce a prototype of the vehicle, and began by starting with a [[LAV-25]] that had been used in tests to judge if the LAV-25 could be airdropped from transport aircraft. Similar to the small scale model, they began by cutting off the troop compartment while keeping the suspension, drive-train, and front half of the vehicle intact. The cut-off area was cut piece by piece and then welded together to create a box on the rear half of the vehicle and was then fitted with a ramp. The turret ring was then replaced with a large folding roof hatch. A raised commander cupola was added on the front left of the vehicle behind the driver.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /> 

The entire process to produce the prototype took eight days, after which the "Bison", as named by DDGM, was assembled, painted and ready to be shown. It was driven up to CFB Borden and was presented during the parade on Armed Forces Day. It was considered to be a success, with Beatty coming on board with the idea, but stating that he would not force the army's hand to purchase the Bison over the M113A3.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /> 

While the prototype had seemingly won over Beatty, Colonel Dallaire was not convinced and continued to support the M113A3 acquisition, which caused DDGM to send a lobbyist to [[Ottawa]] to work on him, making largely the same arguments as DDGM had before, that the Bison would be more cost efficient for operation by the reservists over the tracked M113A3, that the Bison did not face the same restriction for use on roads as the tracked M113, and that the Regular Force would simply reacquisition new M113s, possibly implying that DDGM likely knew that the Regular Force would appropriate the new vehicles for their own use, as they later did with the Bison. Although Colonel Dallaire did not budge, the army sidestepped him and decided to purchase the Bison in July 1989 in the form of 149 "Bison" armoured personnel carriers, 18 "Bison CP" command posts, 16 "Wolf" 81&nbsp;mm mortar carriers and 16 "MRV Bison" maintenance and recovery vehicles.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /><ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" /> 

The Bison production version differs from the baseline LAV-25 by raising the height of the roof, removing the turret ring, placing a commander's cupola behind the driver, and incorporating a rail mount system in the cargo/passenger compartment to quickly change mission specific equipment.  The driver is seated in the front-left of the crew compartment. The commander has a slightly raised position directly behind the driver with access to his own hatch and mounted machine gun. The engine is to the right of the crew compartment.

The Canadian Forces began upgrading the Bison between 2002 and 2008.  The upgrades include improved engine power, new [[torsion bar]]s, fittings for add-on armour, [[air conditioning]], and the VRS respirator system for [[nuclear, biological and chemical]] (NBC) defence.<ref name="dnd1">{{cite web|url=http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/equipment-equipement/item-eng.asp?product=140|title=Canadian Army > Bison Armoured Vehicle|publisher=[[Department of National Defence (Canada)]]|access-date=2009-07-24}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Variants===
The Bison's rail-mount system allows it to be adapted to a variety of roles without any major modifications. Bisons used by the [[Canadian Forces]] have been adapted for use as armoured personnel carriers (original configuration{{snd}} mostly replaced in this role by the [[LAV III]]), 81&nbsp;mm mortar carriers, command post vehicles, field ambulances (32), mobile repair team (MRT) vehicles (32), [[armoured recovery vehicle]]s (32), airspace coordination centre vehicle, [[electronic warfare]] vehicles (25), engineer vehicles equipped with hydraulic tools and NBC reconnaissance vehicles (4).<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" /><ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" />

===Legacy and operational history===
The Bison is described by Peter Kasurak as being the first step on the road to the transformation of the Canadian Forces, moving away from primarily tracked armoured vehicles towards wheeled armoured vehicles, setting a trend that is still prevalent.<ref name="Peter Kasurak Canadian Mechanized Infantry" /> The Bison was seen during various high-profile events during the 1990s and 2000s and is often associated with those periods and conflicts.<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" />

It was seen by the public and used by Canadian Forces during the [[Oka Crisis]], the [[Gulf War]] as part of the ground security force defending Coalition aircraft, the [[UN]] and later [[NATO]] missions during the [[Yugoslav Wars]] in the form of [[UNPROFOR]], [[IFOR]], [[SFOR]] and [[Kosovo Force|KFOR]], in the [[United Nations Operation in Somalia II]] with it being mentioned in the [[Somalia Affair]], and the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] as part of the [[ISAF]] contingent as part of the [[war on terror]].<ref name="Frank Maas Bison 1" />

==Coyote==
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Coyote reconnaissance vehicle
| image              = Canadian Light Armored Vehicle at the Calgary Stampede, 2007.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Canadian light armoured vehicle at the Calgary Stampede
| origin             = Canada
| type               = [[Armored car (military)|Armoured car]]
| is_vehicle         = yes
| is_UK              = Yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1996–present
| used_by            = [[Canadian Army]]
| wars               = [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] [[Yugoslav Wars]]
| designer           = [[General Motors Diesel Division]]
| crew               = 4 (driver, commander, gunner, surveillance suite operator)
| length             = {{convert|6.39|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| width              = {{convert|2.50|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| height             = {{convert|2.69|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| weight             = {{convert|14.4|t|ST|abbr=on}}
| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 1 × [[M242]] 25mm [[chain gun]]
| secondary_armament = {{indented plainlist|
* 1 × [[FN MAG|C6]] 7.62mm [[machine gun]] ([[Coaxial weapon|coaxial]])
* 1 × C6 7.62mm machine gun ([[pintle]])
* 8 × [[grenade launchers]] (2 × cluster of 4)
}}
| engine             = [[Detroit Diesel]] 6V53T
| engine_power       = {{cvt|275|hp}}
| suspension         = 8×8 wheeled, 4× drive
| speed              = 100 km/h
| pw_ratio           = 
| vehicle_range      = 660 km
}}
The Coyote has been in service since 1996 for use in the light [[reconnaissance]] scout role. It was initially used in the role of medium tank trainer within armoured cavalry squadrons in the same way as the [[AVGP]] Cougar it replaced.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History | publisher=Robin Brass Studio |author1=Marteinson, John  |author2=McNorgan,Michael R. | year=2000 | location=Montreal | isbn=978-1896941172}}</ref>

=== Origins ===
The Coyote reconnaissance vehicle is a non-[[Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]] [[armoured reconnaissance vehicle]] based on the design of the LAV-25. The Canadian Forces ordered 203 of the vehicles in 1993 to replace the [[Lynx reconnaissance vehicle]]. All were delivered and entered service by 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Maas|first=Frank|date=Spring 2011|title=The Success of the Light Armoured Vehicle|url=https://www.canadianmilitaryhistory.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/4-Maas-LAV.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808210553/https://www.canadianmilitaryhistory.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/4-Maas-LAV.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2020|access-date=8 August 2020|website=Canadian Military History, Volume 20, No. 2}}</ref><ref name="mtc">{{Cite web|title=Coyote - Armored reconnaissance vehicle|url=https://www.military-today.com/apc/coyote.htm|access-date=2020-08-09|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808224811if_/http://www.military-today.com/apc/coyote.htm|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="DnDCoyote25">{{cite news|title=Exploring the Coyote|publisher=[[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]]|url=http://www.dnd.ca/menu/coyote/|url-status=dead|access-date=2008-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002044142/http://www.dnd.ca/menu/coyote/|archive-date=2 October 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Coyote originally came in three variants: the "mast" variant with a mast-mounted surveillance system, a variant with a remote surveillance suite, and a basic reconnaissance/command post variant.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="militaryfactory.com">{{Cite web|title=Coyote LAV (Light Armored Vehicle) 8-Wheeled Battlefield Reconnaissance Vehicle|url=https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=202|access-date=2020-08-09|website=www.militaryfactory.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Government of Canada">{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=National Defence|date=2013-03-08|title=Coyote Armoured Patrol Vehicle {{!}} Canadian Army|url=http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/vehicles/coyote.page|access-date=2020-08-09|website=www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca}}</ref>

=== Armament ===
The Coyote mounts a 25×137mm [[M242|M242 Bushmaster]] [[chain gun]] and two [[7.62×51mm NATO]] [[FN MAG|C6]] [[general purpose machine gun]]s in an electrically driven turret. The turret features a [[Laser warning receiver|laser-warning receiver]], and mounts a total of eight grenade launchers in two clusters capable of firing smoke and fragmentation grenades.<ref name="DnDCoyote25"/> One of the machine guns is [[Coaxial machine gun|mounted coaxial]] to the main gun while the other is pintle-mounted in front of the crew commander's hatch.<ref name="mtc"/> 

The main gun is equipped with dual ammunition feeds that allow for separate weapons effects, selectable by the gunner/crew commander. The standard load is a belt of [[Armor-piercing shot and shell|armour-piercing]] [[Sabot (firearms)|sabot]] rounds and a belt of HE-T explosive/fragmentation rounds. The main gun and coax machine gun are two-axis stabilized. The turret is equipped with a laser rangefinder, but no ballistic computer. Elevation and lead corrections are applied manually by the gunner using multi-stadia reticules in the day, thermal, and image intensification sights.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== Protection ===
The standard armour of the Coyote protects against small arms fire, anti-personnel mines, and shrapnel, with add-on armour kits able to protect against larger projectiles.<ref name="Government of Canada"/> The Coyote is equipped with a suite of devices for detection [[weapons of mass destruction|nuclear, biological, and chemical]] (NBC) weapons, consisting of a GID-3 chemical detector and an AN/VDR-2 radiation monitor. Each vehicle is equipped with an NBC ventilated respirator system.<ref name="DnDCoyote25"/>

=== Sensors ===
The mast-mounted surveillance variants are equipped with a mast-mounted surveillance system that can be raised to 10 meters above the ground.<ref name="DnDCoyote25"/> This system includes the [[MSTAR|AN/PPS-5C MSTAR]] Version 3 surface surveillance radar and an [[Electro-optical sensor|electro-optical]]/[[Infrared photography|infrared]] surveillance system with a long-range [[video camera]] and [[laser rangefinder]].<ref name=":40">{{Cite web|date=27 July 2005|title=Canada orders ground surveillance radars|url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/rf-analog/article/16713297/canada-orders-ground-surveillance-radars|access-date=2020-08-09|website=www.militaryaerospace.com}}</ref> The remote surveillance variant consists of two tripod-mounted systems capable of being deployed up to 200 meters away from the vehicle. The surveillance systems can detect tank-sized targets at up to 12 kilometres away, and large truck-sized targets at up to 24 kilometres. In good conditions the visual surveillance system can detect personnel up to 20 kilometres away.<ref name="mtc"/>

=== Mobility ===
The Coyote is powered by a [[Detroit Diesel]] 6V53T engine developing {{convert|275|hp||abbr=}}, and can reach speeds of {{convert|100|km/h}} on road. The Coyote has a maximum road range of {{convert|660|km}}. Each vehicle is equipped with a tactical navigation system that includes a [[Global Positioning System|GPS receiver]], a digital compass system, and a backup [[Dead reckoning|dead-reckoning]] system.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} 

A 15-tonne capacity hydraulic winch is fitted to every vehicle to aid in self-recovery.<ref name="DnDCoyote25"/> Unlike the LAV-25, the Coyote is equipped with extra fuel tanks in place of amphibious equipment.<ref name="militaryfactory.com"/> The Coyote is air-transportable on [[Hercules C-130]] aircraft when the turret is removed.<ref name="FraserInstituted20042">{{cite news|author=[[Barry F. Cooper|Barry Cooper]], [[Mercedes Stephenson]], [[Ray Szeto]]|year=2004|title=Canada's Military Posture: An Analysis of Recent Civilian Reports|publisher=[[The Fraser Institute]]|url=http://www.fraserinstitute.org/COMMERCE.WEB/product_files/CanadaMilitaryPosture.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=2008-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111092308/http://www.fraserinstitute.org/COMMERCE.WEB/product_files/CanadaMilitaryPosture.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Variants===
Coyotes come in three variants: Command, Mast, and Remote. The Mast and Remote variants have a sophisticated suite of electronic surveillance equipment including [[radar]], [[video]], and [[infrared]] [[surveillance]] [[night vision device]]s. The mast variant has this equipment mounted on a 10-metre telescoping mast that can be extended to raise the surveillance suite out from behind cover. The remote variant of the Coyote has its surveillance suite mounted on two short tripods, which crew can deploy remotely using a 200-metre spool of cable.

When first purchased, the Coyote was designated for service with both the Regular Force and Reserve Force, with the Mast variants earmarked for the Regular units and the Remotes designated for the Reserves. Shortly after taking delivery of the vehicles, but before they were assigned to the Reserve units, all Coyotes were reassigned to the Regular Force.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}

===Service history===
Since the introduction of the Coyote to the Canadian Armed Forces, the vehicle has been used domestically and abroad. The Coyote was deployed during the [[United Nations]]&nbsp;/ NATO missions in [[United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|Kosovo]], and in Afghanistan. Domestically, it was deployed during Operation Grizzly to Kananaskis to secure the [[28th G8 summit]], the [[36th G8 summit]], and the [[2010 G-20 Toronto summit|G-20 Toronto summit]],<ref>Barr, Colonel David. [http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo4/no4/operatio-eng.asp "The Kananaskis G8 Summit: A Case Study in Interagency Cooperation"]. ''Canadian Military Journal'', 14 July 2008. Retrieved: 5 June 2010.</ref><ref>Barr, Colonel David.[https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/827138--mosquitoes-could-be-huntsville-weapon-against-protesters  "Mosquitoes could be Huntsville weapon against protesters"]. ''[[Toronto Star]]'', 22 June 2010. Retrieved: 23 June 2010.</ref> in addition to a number of domestic emergencies. As of 2015–2022, the Coyote was in the midst of a planned retirement and being replaced by a mix of [[Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle|TAPV]] and [[LAV III#Canadian Army LAV VI|LAV VI]] armoured vehicles.<ref name="Canada Light Armoured Vehicle Reconnaissance Surveillance System">{{cite web|date=2015-02-01|title=Light Armoured Vehicle Reconnaissance Surveillance System (LRSS)|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/procurement/lightly-armoured-vehicle-reconnaissance.html|publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-13|title=Tactical armoured patrol vehicle|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/procurement/tactical-armoured-patrol-vehicle.html|access-date=2022-02-18|website=[[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]]}}</ref> The [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] received 64 Coyotes in December 2024 from Canada.<ref>{{cite web | title=Canada delivers more Coyote and Bison armored vehicles to Ukraine to boost reconnaissance operations | url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2025/canada-delivers-more-coyote-and-bison-armored-vehicles-to-ukraine-to-boost-reconnaissance-operations#google_vignette }}</ref>

== Operators ==
As of January 2025, the number of Bison vehicles in use were
* {{AUS}} | [[Australian Army]] – 97<ref name="miltoday" /> (See [[ASLAV#ASLAV Type II|ASLAV Type II]])
* {{CAN}} | [[Canadian Army]] – 56 LAV-25 Coyote and 155 LAV Bison (including EW, ambulance, repair & recovery variants)<ref name="Military Balance 2025">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance |date=2025 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=978-1-041-04967-8}}</ref>{{rp|31}}
* {{UKR}} | [[Ukrainian Ground Forces]] – During the 28th meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group, Canadian Minister of National Defence [[David McGuinty|David J. McGuinty]] announced that Ukraine will receive the Coyote and Bison platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pryhodko |first=Roman |date=7 June 2025 |title=Canada will provide Ukraine with new LAV series vehicles: Bison and Coyote armored personnel carriers |url=https://militarnyi.com/en/news/canada-will-provide-ukraine-with-new-lav-series-vehicles-bison-and-coyote-armored-personnel-carriers/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=IJSVEcgP_7f7pCx3e7E51P41bORwCugX6gN5d705LGI-1750190559-1.0.1.1-JFsmt1_z3b2r5msdnn__GwLovIbYzv53iMXF6NCBNww |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=Militarnyi}}</ref>
* {{US}} | [[US National Guard]] – 12 (for use against the [[illegal drug trade]])<ref name="miltoday" />

==See also==
* [[LAV III]] – Canadian infantry fighting vehicle.  Replaced the Bison in many roles.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category|Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle}}
* [http://www.primeportal.net/apc/dan_hay/coyote/ Prime Portal - Coyote walk-around]
* [http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/vehicles/bison-armoured-vehicle.page? Canadian Army - Bison Armoured Vehicle]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070306212343if_/http://www.military-today.com/apc/bison.htm Bison - Armoured personnel carrier]}}

{{Modern AFV}}
{{Modern IFV and APC}}
{{Modern Recce}}
{{Canadian Army}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

[[Category:Armoured cars]]
[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of Canada]]
[[Category:Reconnaissance vehicles]]
[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period]]
[[Category:General Dynamics land vehicles]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s]]