View source for Blond Ambition World Tour

{{short description|1990 concert tour by Madonna}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox concert
| concert_tour_name = Blond Ambition World Tour
| image             = Madonna - Blond Ambition Tour (poster).png<!-- Do not change image without first gaining consensus in talk page -->
| image_size        = 220
| caption           = Promotional poster for the tour
| artist            = [[Madonna]]
| location          = {{Flatlist}}
* Asia
* Europe
* North America
{{Endflatlist}}
| albums            = {{Flatlist}}
* ''[[Like a Prayer (album)|Like a Prayer]]''
* ''[[I'm Breathless]]''
{{Endflatlist}}
| start_date        = {{Start date|1990|04|13}}
| end_date          = {{End date|1990|08|05}}
| number_of_legs    = 3
| number_of_shows   = 57
| last_tour         = [[Who's That Girl World Tour]] <br />(1987)
| this_tour         = '''Blond Ambition World Tour''' <br />(1990)
| next_tour         = [[The Girlie Show (Madonna)|The Girlie Show]] <br />(1993)
| support_act       = [[Technotronic]]
| gross             = US$62.7 million{{efn|US${{Formatnum:{{Inflation|US|62.7|r=2|1990}}}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars.{{Inflation-fn|US}}}}
}}

The '''Blond Ambition World Tour''' (billed as '''Blond Ambition World Tour 90''') was the third [[concert tour]] by American singer [[Madonna]]. It supported her fourth studio album ''[[Like a Prayer (album)|Like a Prayer]]'' (1989), and the soundtrack album to the 1990 film ''[[Dick Tracy (1990 film)|Dick Tracy]]'', ''[[I'm Breathless]]''. The 57-show tour began on April 13, 1990, at the [[Zozo Marine Stadium|Chiba Marine Stadium]] in [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]], Japan, and concluded on August 5 at the [[Stade Charles-Ehrmann]] in [[Nice]], France. Additionally, it marked Madonna's first concerts in Sweden and Spain. Originally planned as the Like a Prayer World Tour, it was supposed to be sponsored by soft drink manufacturer [[Pepsi]]. However, the company cancelled the contract following the controversy surrounding the music video of "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]".

The concert was divided into five thematic acts: ''Metropolis'', inspired by the 1927 [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist]] film of the [[Metropolis (1927 film)|same name]] and the "[[Express Yourself (Madonna song)|Express Yourself]]" music video; ''Religious'', by [[Catholic Church|Catholic themes]]; ''Dick Tracy'', by the film of the same name and [[cabaret]]; ''[[Art Deco]]'', inspired by early [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] movies and featuring paintings by Polish artist [[Tamara de Lempicka]]; and finally, an [[encore]]. The art direction was by Madonna's brother [[Christopher Ciccone]], while the costumes were created by French fashion designer [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]]. The tour garnered positive reviews from contemporary critics and was a commercial success. It received the "Most Creative Stage Production" award at the [[Pollstar]] Concert Industry Awards and grossed over $62.7&nbsp;million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|62.7|r=2|1990}}}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars). Madonna was named the most successful solo female tour act at the time.

The tour generated controversy due to its use of Catholic imagery and sexual content. [[Pope John Paul II]] urged the general public and the Christian community not to attend the tour, calling it "one of the most satanic shows in the history of humanity". The protests resulted in the cancelation of one Italian show. In Toronto, the police threatened to arrest Madonna over the performance of "[[Like a Virgin (song)|Like a Virgin]]", which featured her simulating [[masturbation]]. Nevertheless, Madonna continued the show unaltered.

A number of concerts were recorded and broadcast, including the tour's final show in Nice, which aired as a special on [[HBO]]; afterwards it was released exclusively on [[LaserDisc]] under the title ''[[Blond Ambition World Tour Live]]''. Directed by [[Alek Keshishian]], ''[[Madonna: Truth or Dare]]'' (1991) was a documentary film chronicling the tour. Blond Ambition has been noted by critics and authors for its theatricality and fashion, which have left its mark on the work of subsequent pop acts.

== Background ==
In January 1989, [[PepsiCo|Pepsi-Cola]] announced that they had signed a [[United States dollar|US$]]5&nbsp;million deal with Madonna to feature her and her then upcoming single "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" in a television commercial.<ref name="tarap">{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2002|p=172}}</ref> The deal also included Pepsi sponsorship of Madonna's next [[concert tour]], announced at the time as the Like a Prayer World Tour.<ref>{{harvnb|Bignell|2007|p=123}}</ref><ref name="People25">{{cite web |last1=Mackie |first1=Drew |title=25 Reasons Madonna's Blond Ambition Tour Still Rules, 25 Years Later |url=https://people.com/celebrity/madonnas-blond-ambition-tour-25-years-later/ |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=April 3, 2015 |archive-date=June 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220608014633/https://people.com/celebrity/celeb-spring-celebrations-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Madonna wanted to use the commercial to launch the song globally before its actual release — the first time this had been done in the music industry. Pepsi also benefited from having their product associated with Madonna.<ref name="tarap" /> Titled "Make a Wish", the commercial had its premiere during the global telecast of the [[31st Annual Grammy Awards|31st Grammy Awards]] on February 22, 1989, with an estimated 250&nbsp;million people around the world viewing it.<ref name="randy1">{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2002|p=173}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Dunn|Jones|1996|p=45}}</ref><ref name="mett">{{harvnb|Metz|Benson|1999|p=131}}</ref> The following day, Madonna released the music video for "Like a Prayer" on [[MTV]].<ref name="recordjournal">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IhBIAAAAIBAJ&pg=3313,2066370&dq=madonna+like+a+prayer+video&hl=en|title=Madonna Crosses Line in 'Like a Prayer' Video|last=Khloer|first=Phil|date=March 10, 1989|access-date=February 5, 2011|work=[[Record-Journal]]|archive-date=October 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021065303/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IhBIAAAAIBAJ&pg=3313%2C2066370&dq=madonna+like+a+prayer+video&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Featuring a church and Catholic images such as [[stigmata]], [[Ku Klux Klan]]-style [[cross burning]] and the singer kissing a black saint. Religious groups worldwide, including the [[Holy See]], immediately protested against, what they saw as, [[blasphemous]] use of [[Christian imagery]] and called for a boycott of Pepsi and PepsiCo's subsidiaries.<ref>{{cite news|last=Romero|first=Frances|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=October 20, 2010|url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2026525_2026524_2026526,00.html|title=Top 10 Vatican Pop-Culture Moments: Madonna, Over and Over|access-date=November 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923172101/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C2026525_2026524_2026526%2C00.html|archive-date=September 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name="tara174">{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2002|p=174}}</ref> As a result, Pepsi withdrew the commercial and canceled Madonna's sponsorship contract.<ref name="news.google.com">{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-vIrAAAAIBAJ&dq=madonna%20new%20album&pg=1158%2C195557|title=Pepsi expecting millions to view new Madonna ad|last=Wollenberg|first=Skip|work=[[Kentucky New Era]]|date=March 1, 1989|access-date=February 1, 2010|archive-date=September 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925070421/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-vIrAAAAIBAJ&dq=madonna+new+album&pg=1158,195557&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cancel">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/05/business/pepsi-cancels-madonna-ad.html |title=Pepsi cancels Madonna ad |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 5, 1989 |access-date=September 18, 2019 |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924233149/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/05/business/pepsi-cancels-madonna-ad.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Sire Records]] officially announced the Blond Ambition World Tour on November 16, 1989; Madonna's performance of the single "[[Express Yourself (Madonna song)|Express Yourself]]" at the [[1989 MTV Video Music Awards|MTV Video Music Awards]] was deemed a "preview".<ref>{{harvnb|Inglis|2006|p=136}}</ref> She described the tour as "much more theatrical than anything I've ever done [...] I know that I'm not the best singer and I know that I'm not the best dancer. But, I can fucking push people's buttons and be as provocative as I want. This tour's goal is to break useless taboos".<ref name="RSTours">{{cite magazine |last1=Knopper |first1=Steve |title=The 50 Greatest Concerts of the Last 50 Years: Madonna's Blond Ambition Tour |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-50-greatest-concerts-of-the-last-50-years-127062/madonna-blond-ambition-tour-194233/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=June 12, 2017 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232451/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-50-greatest-concerts-of-the-last-50-years-127062/madonna-blond-ambition-tour-194233/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="guily1">{{harvnb|Guilbert|2002|p=140}}</ref> The tour promoted Madonna's fourth album ''[[Like a Prayer (album)|Like a Prayer]]'' and the ''[[Dick Tracy (1990 film)|Dick Tracy]]'' soundtrack ''[[I'm Breathless]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Givens|first=Ron|url=http://ew.com/article/1990/05/11/global-force-madonna/|title=The global force of Madonna|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=May 11, 1990|access-date=April 17, 2017|archive-date=September 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232457/https://ew.com/article/1990/05/11/global-force-madonna/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Development ==
=== Conception and rehearsals ===
[[File:Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza.jpg|thumb|[[Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza]] (''pictured in 2017'') was among the first dancers to be selected for the tour.]]
According to author [[J. Randy Taraborrelli]], Madonna had "complete control over virtually every aspect of the tour".<ref name="tarap2">{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2002|p=178}}</ref> The singer's brother [[Christopher Ciccone]] was selected as the tour's [[art director]]. He wrote in his autobiography ''[[Life with My Sister Madonna]]'' that she called him and said, "I'm going on tour, and of course I want you to dress me, but you think you ought to design the stage and art-direct the show as well".<ref name="Ciccone">{{harvnb|Ciccone|Leigh|2008|p=182}}</ref> The tour's troupe was made up of seven dancers, two backup singers and eight musicians.<ref name=Interview>{{cite journal|title=Madonna!|date=June 1, 1990|last=O'Brien|first=Glenn|journal=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|issue=6|volume=4|issn=2336-6575}}</ref> [[Vincent Paterson]], who had worked with the singer on the Pepsi commercial and the "Express Yourself" music video, was appointed co-director and choreographer. Auditions for dancers took place in New York City and Los Angeles. An advertisement was put on ''[[Variety (magazine)|Daily Variety]]'' magazine by choreographer [[Karole Armitage]], it read: "Open auditions for fierce male dancers who know the meaning of troop style, beat boy and vogue. Wimps and Wanna-Bes need not apply!".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Staff |title=SHORT TAKES : Madonna Seeks Males for Tour |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-09-ca-397-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=January 9, 1990 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-09-ca-397-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Luis Camacho and [[Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza]], who had previously worked with Madonna on the video for her single "[[Vogue (Madonna song)|Vogue]]", were the first to be selected. After sending a video tape to the singer, Madonna invited the pair to the Tracks nightclub for an informal audition.<ref name="people">{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Jeff |title=The Crazy True Story of Madonna's Truth or Dare Back Up Dancers (and Where They Are Now) |url=https://people.com/movies/madonna-blond-ambition-backup-dancers-where-are-they-now/ |work=People |access-date=August 19, 2019 |date=April 13, 2016 |archive-date=June 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624014810/https://people.com//movies/madonna-blond-ambition-backup-dancers-where-are-they-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After his audition, dancer Carlton Wilborn was also asked by Madonna to meet her at a nightclub. He pointed out that she was "looking for very confident people – the best of the best – so I was acutely aware of how I was presenting myself. When I made the cut, I knew it was a huge opportunity"; he described the rehearsals as being "like boot camp".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bromwich |first1=Kathryn |title=Dancer Carlton Wilborn on Madonna: 'Rehearsal truly was like boot camp' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jul/15/dancer-carlton-wilborn-on-madonna-rehearsal-boot-camp-tour |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=July 15, 2018 |archive-date=November 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117100012/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jul/15/dancer-carlton-wilborn-on-madonna-rehearsal-boot-camp-tour |url-status=live }}</ref> The rest of the dancers selected were Oliver Crumes, [[Kevin Stea]], Gabriel Trupin and Salim Gauwloos.<ref name="people" /> Paterson stated that "instead of just presenting songs, Madonna and I wanted to combine fashion, [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], rock and performance arts".<ref name="tarap2" /><ref name="Gnojewski1">{{harvnb|Gnojewski|2007|p=100}}</ref>

To allow greater movement while dancing and singing, she used a hands-free radio-frequency [[Headset (audio)|headset microphones]], with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth. Because of her prominent usage, the microphone design came to be known as the "Madonna mic".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://harada-sound.com/sound/handbook/rfmics.html|title=Kai Harada, sound designer and sound handbook author, writes about 'The Feeding and Care of RF Microphones'|last=Harada|first=Kai|date=September 1, 2007|publisher=Harada-Sound.com|access-date=March 17, 2010|archive-date=January 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131085201/http://harada-sound.com/sound/handbook/rfmics.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/wimbledons-no-1-seat-455502.html|title=Wimbledon's No 1 seat|last=Castle|first=Andrew|date=July 2, 2007|work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=March 17, 2010|author-link=Andrew Castle|location=London|archive-date=September 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910035020/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/wimbledons-no-1-seat-455502.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Other personnel included Jai Winding as the music director, John Draper as the tour's manager and Chris Lamb as the [[Production manager (theatre)|production manager]].<ref name=BATBook>{{cite book|last=Coulter |first=John|title=Madonna: Blond Ambition World Tour 90|date=1990|publisher=Boy Toy, Inc., Sire Records Merchandise}}</ref> Rehearsals took place at the [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] in [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], California.<ref name=Interview />

=== Wardrobe and staging ===
{{Quote box|width=300px|align=left|quote=When Madonna first called me in 1989, it was two days before my ready-to-wear show, and I thought my assistant was joking. I was a big fan. She asked me if I would do the tour. She knew what she wanted – a pinstripe suit, the feminine corsetry. Madonna likes my clothes because they combine the masculine and the feminine. It was, that no, that yes, no, yes, no.<ref name=QuestionsGaultier>{{cite web |last1=Hirschberg |first1=Lynn |title=The Way We Live Now: 07-08-01: Questions for Jean-Paul Gaultier; An Artist? Moi? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-07-08-01-questions-for-jean-paul-gaultier-an-artist-moi.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=July 8, 2001 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-07-08-01-questions-for-jean-paul-gaultier-an-artist-moi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|source=—Designer [[Jean Paul Gaultier]], for ''[[The New York Times]]'', talking about working with the singer on the tour.}}
For the wardrobe, the singer contacted French designer [[Jean Paul Gaultier]]; she was attracted to the designer's "irreverence and humor" and sent him a handwritten letter asking him to design the tour's costumes.<ref name="NYTimes1" /><ref name="ElPaísGaultier">{{cite news |last1=Bonet |first1=Joana |title=La Noche de la "Ambición Rubia": Los diseños de Gaultier |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/28/cultura/649116007_850215.html |work=[[El País]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |language=es |date=July 28, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232453/https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/28/cultura/649116007_850215.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gaultier happily accepted. He was already an admirer of Madonna and expressed admiration for the fact that "when she was not so famous, she made her clothes herself [...] the visible bra, the transparencies, the crucifixes as jewelry".<ref name="ElPaísGaultier" /> Madonna and Gaultier took three months to finalize the details of the costumes; they first met at New York City's [[Carlyle Hotel]], with additional meetings taking place in Paris' Bofinger restaurant, Balajo Club, Zoopsie nightclub and Théâtre Equestre Zingaro.<ref name="ElPaísGaultier" /> Gaultier remembers this period as one of intense stress, claiming to have gotten through "350 [[aspirin]]s and 1,500 sketches" before the singer approved of his designs.<ref name="lucy1">{{harvnb|O'Brien|2008|p=219}}</ref> Tour backup singer and dancer [[Niki Haris]] later recalled that "with Madonna, it always comes down to clothes and shoes".<ref name="tarap2" /> The result were two corsets with conical-shaped cups, one was peach-colored and the other solid gold.<ref name="Gunn1">{{harvnb|Gunn|Calhoun|2012|p=16}}</ref> Gaultier explained that the idea first came when, as a child, his grandmother took him to an exhibit where "they had a corset on display. I loved the flesh color, the salmon satin, the lace. The gold conical bra was just an extension of that idea".<ref name=QuestionsGaultier /> Other costumes created included a pin-striped suit, a green and white striped [[vaudeville]]-style corset, a black mini-dress trimmed and stitched with a stuffed West African [[stork]] called the [[Marabou stork|marabou]], a black clergyman's robe with a neon [[crucifix]] and a cage vest.<ref name="clerk3">{{harvnb|Clerk|2002|p=84}}</ref><ref name="lucy3">{{harvnb|O'Brien|2008|p=223}}</ref> To avoid any incidents, every piece was double sewn with elastic threads.<ref name="Ciccone" /> For the Asian and North American legs of the tour, the singer wore a synthetic ponytail [[hair extensions|clip on extension]], which was replaced by a curly hairstyle on the European leg.<ref>{{harvnb|Morgan|2015|p=126}}</ref>

Construction for the stage cost approximately US$2 million.<ref name="NYTimes1">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Patricia Leigh |title=POP; Video and Theater Shape a New Madonna |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/17/arts/pop-video-and-theater-shape-a-new-madonna.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=June 17, 1990 |archive-date=August 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803002633/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/17/arts/pop-video-and-theater-shape-a-new-madonna.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The stage was 80 x 70 feet long and needed over a hundred crew members to mount it and 18 trucks to haul it around.<ref name="Gnojewski1" /> The centerpiece was a huge [[hydraulic]] platform, in which Madonna ascended at the beginning of each concert.<ref name="Gnojewski1" /> The show was split into different thematic sections, each one with its own specific settings, divided by a curtain going up and down.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> To come up with the designs of each section, Madonna and her brother studied fashion and architecture from the 1920s, 30s and 40s.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> It was the singer's idea to incorporate the movie ''Dick Tracy'' onto the tour; "it's a great opportunity for me [...] Most people don't associate me with movies. But I know I have a much bigger following than [[Warren Beatty|Warren]] does and a lot of my audience isn't even aware of who he is", she recalled.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ansen |first1=David |title=Tracymania |url=https://www.newsweek.com/tracymania-206276 |work=[[Newsday]] |access-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116000014/https://www.newsweek.com/tracymania-206276 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |date=June 24, 1990}}</ref> The first section, which was inspired by ''[[Metropolis (1927 film)|Metropolis]]'' and the "Express Yourself" music video, featured several funnels billowing smoke, steel piping, cables hanging above and a flight of stairs in the middle.<ref>{{harvnb|Benstock|Ferriss|1994|p=171}}</ref> At the end of this section ends, the curtain drops to the floor and gives way to the second one, where the stage became a [[boudoir]] and featured the singer on a red velvet bed.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> The third section, which was church-themed, had a large arc of [[Corinthian columns]] and votive candles. Halfway through one of the performances, a large [[scrim (material)|scrim]] depicting a [[stained glass]] window was lowered from the ceiling.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> The fourth act, which featured scenic elements inspired by [[Art Deco]] skyscrapers, had a grand semicircular double staircase in the middle and backdrops that were cutout reproductions of [[Tamara de Lempicka]]'s paintings.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> Props included a [[grand piano]] and a huge cross lit with purple and orange lights.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> Belgian [[electronic music]] band [[Technotronic]] was signed as the opening act.<ref name="VencioNoConvencio">{{cite news |last1=Hidalgo |first1=Luís |title=Madonna venció pero no convenció |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/02/cultura/646869608_850215.html |work=El País |access-date=September 17, 2019 |language=es |date=July 2, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/02/cultura/646869608_850215.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Concert synopsis ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = ExpressYourselfUnderGround cropped.jpg
| width1 = 190
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| caption1 = 
| image2 = OhFatherMadonnaUnderGround (cropped).jpg
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| footer = Madonna opening the concert with a performance of "[[Express Yourself (Madonna song)|Express Yourself]]" (''left''), wearing one of the [[Jean Paul Gaultier|Gaultier]] conical corsets, and during the religious-themed [[medley (music)|medley]] of "[[Live to Tell]]" and "[[Oh Father]]" (''right'').
}}

The show was separated into five different sections: ''Metropolis'', ''Religious'', ''Dick Tracy'', ''Art Deco'', and an encore.<ref name="People25" /> It began with "Express Yourself", and included a lyrical sample from "[[Everybody (Madonna song)|Everybody]]" (1982) during the introduction.<ref>{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2002|p=431}}</ref> Seven bare-chested male dancers appeared from behind a steel structure and did a choreographed routine on the stage; towards the end Madonna appeared on a rising platform atop a flight of stairs.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> She was dressed in a pin-striped suit with holes cut in it, so that her brassiere poked out of them. Underneath she wore the Gaultier conical corset.<ref>{{harvnb|Tasker|1998|p=182}}</ref> Accompanied by [[Niki Haris]] and [[Donna De Lory]], her two backup singers and dancers, Madonna did a straightforward vocal rendition of the track, and an elaborate choreography, which included [[Vogue (dance)|voguing]], [[wikt:humping|humping]] and simulated [[masturbation]].<ref>{{harvnb|Inglis|2006|p=133}}</ref> The next number, "[[Open Your Heart (Madonna song)|Open Your Heart]]", featured  Madonna performing a choreographed routine with a chair while a muscular dancer watched her from afar.<ref name="vol29">{{harvnb|Voller|1999|p=29}}</ref> For "[[Causing a Commotion]]" the singer wore a colorful [[Cycling jersey|cycling jacket]] and wrestled Haris and De Lory.<ref name="clerk3" /> The final song of the act was "Where's the Party". Three male dancers did an elaborate choreography while Madonna left the stage for a costume change.<ref name="clerk3" />

The ''Religious'' section began with a slow and sultry [[sitar]]-based version of "[[Like a Virgin (song)|Like a Virgin]]".<ref name="NYTimes1" /> Madonna was decked out in the gold Gaultier corset and simulated masturbating on top of a red velvet bed. She was flanked by two male dancers wearing tights and gold pointy bras.<ref name="NYTimes1" /> For "Like a Prayer", Madonna wore a black robe and knelt down in the middle of the stage, which was surrounded by [[votive candle]]s, while her dancers, who were dressed like priests and nuns, gyrated around her and uttered the phrase "Oh my God" several times.<ref name="guil166">{{harvnb|Guilbert|2002|p=166}}</ref> Next, she performed "[[Live to Tell]]" on a [[prie-dieu]]. Halfway through the song, she started singing "[[Oh Father]]" while Carlton Wilborn in a black frock played the role of a priest.<ref name="lucy3" /> An energetic performance of "[[Papa Don't Preach]]" closed this section.<ref name="vol29" /> "[[Sooner or Later (Madonna song)|Sooner or Later]]" opened the ''Dick Tracy'' act. Madonna sat atop a grand piano and wore a [[cabaret]]-themed corset under a long black robe. For the energetic "[[Hanky Panky (Madonna song)|Hanky Panky]]", she was joined by Haris, De Lory and a dancer dressed as [[Dick Tracy (character)|Dick Tracy]]. At the end of the performance, she would tell the audience: "You all know the pleasures of a good spanking, don't you? [...] When I hurt people, I feel better, you know what I mean?".<ref name="tara186">{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2002|p=186}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u1ve4A7HG78C&pg=PA110|title=Heavy Breathing|last=Wurtzel|first=Elizabeth|date=May 14, 1990|access-date=May 11, 2015|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|archive-date=July 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727115658/https://books.google.com/books?id=u1ve4A7HG78C&pg=PA110|url-status=live}}</ref> "Now I'm Following You" closed the act; Madonna danced with the Dick Tracy dancer to a pre-recorded version of the song, while six other dancers in yellow [[trenchcoat]]s did a [[kick line]].<ref name="NYTimes1" />

The ''Art Deco'' act began with "[[Material Girl]]"; performed in a strong [[General American English|midwestern accent]], Madonna, Haris and De Lory sat beneath beauty parlor [[hair dryer]]s and wore fluffy pink dresses with dollar signs underneath bathrobes. Towards the end of the performance, they would take fake [[United States one-dollar bill|dollar bills]] from inside their bosoms and throw them to the crowd.<ref>{{harvnb|Guilbert|2002|p=44}}</ref> The next song performed was "[[Cherish (Madonna song)|Cherish]]". It featured Madonna playing the [[harp]] and her male dancers dressed up as [[merman|mermen]].<ref name="clerk3" /> Madonna ended the section with "[[Into the Groove]]", performed with leather-clad dancers, and "Vogue". The latter featuring various cutouts of Tamara de Lempicka's paintings as backdrops, with the singer and the dancers wearing black [[spandex]] and doing the original choreography from the music video.<ref>{{harvnb|Fouz-Hernández|Jarman-Ivens|2004|p=73}}</ref> The first encore, "[[Holiday (Madonna song)|Holiday]]", had Madonna dressed in a [[Polka dot|polka-dotted]] blouse with matching flounces at the bottom of white trousers.<ref name="clerk3" /> The tour's final performance was "[[Keep It Together (song)|Keep it Together]]"; it featured lyrical samples of [[Sly and the Family Stone]]{{'}}s "[[Family Affair (Sly and the Family Stone song)|Family Affair]]" (1971). It started with dancers appearing on the stage, with chairs on their back. Madonna came on dressed in an all-black ensemble involving a cage vest, skintight shorts, knee-pads and bowler hat. She started singing "Family Affair", then midway through the song switched back to "Keep It Together".<ref name="video" /> During the mid-section of the song, her and the dancers performed a choreography with the chairs. At the end, all the musicians, dancers and collaborators came to say goodbye to Madonna and disappeared into a hole on the stage.<ref name="clerk3" /> The singer was left alone to finish with a repeat of her line "Keep people together forever and ever".<ref name="video">{{cite video|people=Madonna|title=[[Blond Ambition World Tour Live]]|medium=LaserDisc|publisher=Pioneer Artists|year=1990}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
{{multiple image
| align = left
| image1 = NowImFollowingYouUnderGround (cropped)2.jpg
| width1 = 159
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| caption1 = 
| image2 = MaterialGirlUnderGround (cropped).jpg
| width2 = 160
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = 
| footer = Madonna performing "Now I'm Following You" with a dancer dressed as [[Dick Tracy (character)|Dick Tracy]] (''left''), and "[[Material Girl]]" (''right'') with backup singers and dancers [[Niki Haris]] and [[Donna De Lory]].
}}
The tour received generally positive reviews from critics. In his book ''[[Madonna: An Intimate Biography]]'', J. Randy Taraborrelli wrote that, "brazenly sexual dance numbers and religious imagery commingled in a fast-paced, tightly choreographed unforgettable [[extravaganza]]".<ref name="tarap" /> Similar thoughts were shared by ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s Barry Waters.<ref name=Walters>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/10463868/crucifixes_leather_and_hits|title=Crucifixes, Leather and Hits|date=June 1, 2006|access-date=July 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217025851/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/10463868/crucifixes_leather_and_hits|archive-date=December 17, 2006|last=Walters|first=Barry|magazine=Rolling Stone|issn=0035-791X|volume=1067|issue=56|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' said it highlighted "just how deep Madonna's repertoire has become over the years".<ref>{{cite web |title=Madonna on HBO fell flat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHs1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA13 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=7 April 2020 |page=13 |date=August 7, 1990 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925070421/https://books.google.com/books?id=YHs1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA13 |url-status=live }}</ref> From the same publication, Robert Hilburn opined that, "Madonna's Blond Ambition show comes equipped with enough high-concept, Broadway-like choreography and stage design to satisfy the most demanding stargazer in a crowd equally populated by style-conscious wanna-be's and simply curious mainstream fans".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hilburn |first1=Robert |title=Pop music Review: Madonna Pumps It Up With 'Blond Ambition' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-14-ca-36-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=May 14, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-14-ca-36-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Pittsburgh Press]]''{{'}}s Ron Miller called it "big, glitzy and full of elaborate production numbers and costume changes".<ref name="ThePittsburghPress">{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Ron |title=HBO hopes "free" Madonna concert will help make it No. 1 pay service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXYcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10 |work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]] |date=August 4, 1990 |access-date=September 14, 2019 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925070421/https://books.google.com/books?id=oXYcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also from ''The Pittsburgh Press'', David Hinckley compared it to a "flashy, high-energy Broadway production".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hinckley |first1=David |title=Computerized flash at rock concerts zaps spontaneity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U6kcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA15 |work=The Pittsburgh Press |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=July 10, 1990 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727120523/https://books.google.com/books?id=U6kcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA15 |url-status=live }}</ref> In his review of the show on May 7, 1990, at [[Dallas]]' [[Reunion Arena]], Tom Maurstad felt that, "it wasn't so much a concert as it was a musical extravaganza, with each song functioning more as its own production"; however, he criticized the singer for mixing up Dallas with [[Houston]] when addressing the crowd.<ref name="DMN">{{cite web |last1=Maurstad |first1=Tom |title=Madonna leaves nothing to chance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iVKAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA26 |work=[[Dallas Morning News]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=May 10, 1990 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727115607/https://books.google.com/books?id=9iVKAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA26 |url-status=live }}</ref> Peter Buckley, author of ''The Rough Guide to Rock'', praised the production and said it was "an imaginative take of the staging of a stadium gig".<ref>{{harvnb|Buckley|2003|pp=627}}</ref> Montgomery Brower and Todd Gold, from ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'', called it a "105-minute hullabaloo amazing for its breadth of controversy".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montgomery |first1=Brower |last2=Gold |first2=Todd |title='Blond Ambition' and Banzai Bustiers: Madonna Launches a Throbbing World Tour in Tokyo |url=https://people.com/archive/blond-ambition-and-banzai-bustiers-madonna-launches-a-throbbing-world-tour-in-tokyo-vol-33-no-18/ |work=People |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=May 7, 1990 |archive-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414134300/https://people.com/archive/blond-ambition-and-banzai-bustiers-madonna-launches-a-throbbing-world-tour-in-tokyo-vol-33-no-18/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For ''[[Gay Times]]'' magazine's Scott Anderson, "despite all that's happening on the stage it still felt like a concert, and despite the precession of the choreography, it had a certain rawness to it, it felt playful and spontaneous".<ref name="GayTimes" /> Richard Harrington from ''[[The Washington Post]]'', hailed the tour as "a roadshow version of the videos that have made her one of the world's biggest stars".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harrington |first1=Richard |title=Madonna's Bare Ambition |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1990/06/09/madonnas-bare-ambition/3b59e0b9-b8ab-4c2b-84ba-bcdf12ba9b27/?noredirect=on |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=June 9, 1990 |archive-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818112731/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1990/06/09/madonnas-bare-ambition/3b59e0b9-b8ab-4c2b-84ba-bcdf12ba9b27/?noredirect=on |url-status=live }}</ref>

''[[Newsday]]''{{'}}s Frank DeCaro noted that, "in just over an hour and a half, [Madonna] juggles as many looks as she does a month's worth of international magazine covers", concluding that, "Blond Ambition is a night at [[The Roxy (New York City)|the Roxy]], [[Pyramid Club (New York City)|the Pyramid]] and [[Studio 54]] in its heyday, all rolled into one".<ref>{{cite web |last1=DeCaro |first1=Frank |title=THE BLOND AMBITION ROLLS INTO TOWN Madonna: In Vogue And in Concert |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/278296066 |work=Newsday |access-date=September 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226180000/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/doc/278296066.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun%2011,%201990&author=By%20Frank%20DeCaro&pub=Newsday%20(Combined%20editions)&edition=&startpage=&desc=THE%20BLOND%20AMBITION%20ROLLS%20INTO%20TOWN%20Madonna:%20In%20Vogue%20And%20in%20Concert |archive-date=February 26, 2015 |date=June 11, 1990 |id={{ProQuest|278296066}} |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}</ref> From the same publication, [[John Leland (journalist)|John LeLand]] said that "the advance word was that it was shocking and outrageous [...] But what brought most of the crowd together at [[Nassau Coliseum]] Monday night, was that we weren't shocked. Amused, tickled, stimulated or diverted, maybe, but not shocked or outraged".<ref>{{cite web |last1=LeLand |first1=John |title=Madonna Leaves 'Em Breathless |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/77371722.html?dids=77371722:77371722&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+13%2C+1990&author=By+John+Leland&pub=Newsday+%28Combined+editions%29&desc=Madonna+Leaves+%27Em+Breathless&pqatl=google |work=Newsday |access-date=September 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622004148/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/77371722.html?dids=77371722:77371722&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+13%2C+1990&author=By+John+Leland&pub=Newsday+%28Combined+editions%29&desc=Madonna+Leaves+%27Em+Breathless&pqatl=google |archive-date=June 22, 2012 |date=June 13, 1990 |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sujata Massey from ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' highlighted the "passionate" performances, Madonna's outfits and the "sexy" chatter.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Massey |first1=Sujata |title=Will R rating stop young teens from taking 'Dare'? |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-05-17-1991137136-story.html |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=May 17, 1991 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-05-17-1991137136-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Greg Kot]] from the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' felt that, "though the music certainly offered a few shake-your-booty thrills, it was Madonna the performer, dancer, rogue philosopher and smart-mouthed comic who made the evening memorable".<ref name="ChicagoTribune">{{cite web |last1=Kot |first1=Greg |author-link1=Greg Kot |title=Nothing is 2nd-rate as Madonna opens her Blond Ambition Tour |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-05-06-9002070094-story.html |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=May 6, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-05-06-9002070094-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He praised the singer's stage presence and pointed out the performance of "Like a Virgin" for being "both seductive and hilarious".<ref name="ChicagoTribune" /> Kot concluded his review: "nothing about this production was second-rate. Each of the evening's 18 songs was expertly choreographed, and the lighting, staging and costuming were often spectacular".<ref name="ChicagoTribune" /> Writing for ''[[Maclean's]]'', Brian D. Johnson expressed that, "[Madonna] performs with the ruthless, aerobic efficiency of a circus girl. As a singer, she has limited range. But she knows how to seduce a pop song [...] as she whips through her circus repertoire of poses, the show unfolds like a [[kaleidoscope]] of sexual decadence".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Brian D. |title=Spanking new Madonna: A mega-star fights her way to the top |url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1990/6/18/spanking-new-madonna |work=[[Maclean's]] |access-date=May 22, 2022 |date=June 18, 1990 |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525001612/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1990/6/18/spanking-new-madonna |url-status=live }}</ref>

In a mixed review, [[Jon Pareles]] from ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote: "Madonna might be testing taboos, but she's hardly breaking new ground in rock theatrics", also criticizing the use of [[lip sync]]; "she would clearly rather lip-sync than risk a wrong note. It makes the concert airless and off-putting".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pareles |first1=Jon |author-link1=Jon Pareles |title=Review/Pop; In Kitsch and Patter, Iron-Willed Madonna Flouts the Taboos |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/13/arts/review-pop-in-kitsch-and-patter-iron-willed-madonna-flouts-the-taboos.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=June 13, 1990 |archive-date=June 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605075801/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/13/arts/review-pop-in-kitsch-and-patter-iron-willed-madonna-flouts-the-taboos.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Three years later, the same author said that, "with Blond Ambition she was pop's least flirtatious sex symbol", and deemed it "proudly uningratiating".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pareles |first1=Jon |title=Review/Pop; From Madonna, a New Palatability but Still Spicy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/16/arts/review-pop-from-madonna-a-new-palatability-but-still-spicy.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=October 16, 1993 |archive-date=November 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111075734/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/16/arts/review-pop-from-madonna-a-new-palatability-but-still-spicy.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In his review of the show in [[Gothenburg]], Luis Hidalgo from ''[[El País]]'' expressed that, "the big question is knowing if Madonna sings live or not completely [...] The non-existence of natural gasping and agitated breaths reinforces this hypothesis, strongly denied by the organization".<ref name="VencioNoConvencio" /> Author [[Lucy O'Brien]] was critical of the ''Dick Tracy'' act, calling it "the least dynamic part of the show".<ref>{{harvnb|O'Brien|2008|p=225}}</ref> Blond Ambition won the award for Most Creative Stage Production at the 1990 [[Pollstar]] Concert Industry Awards, and was also nominated in the Major Tour of the Year category.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pollstar Awards Archive – 1990 – Pollstar Live! |url=https://www.pollstar.live/AwardsArchive/awards1990.htm |publisher=[[Pollstar]] |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428200629/https://www.pollstar.live/AwardsArchive/awards1990.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Commercial performance ==
The tour was attended by 800,000 people around the world, with initial reports of a US$19&nbsp;million gross.<ref name=Fryd>{{harvnb|Fryd|2019|p=287}}</ref> The first three concerts at Japan's [[Chiba Marine Stadium]] were attended by 35,000 people each, grossing US$4.5&nbsp;million.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Fuhrman |first1=Janice |title=Japan becoming a "must" for concert tours |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPMrAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10 |work=[[Kentucky New Era]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=September 15, 1990 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727131947/https://books.google.com/books?id=VPMrAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10 |url-status=live }}</ref> All her Japanese concerts had sold out within days of the tickets going on sale, earning the star US$37&nbsp;million just from the Japanese leg of her tour.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pop singer Madonna launches her world tour in Tokyo |url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/466234 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=July 2, 2021 |date=April 15, 1990 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182628/https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/466234 |url-status=live }}</ref> In North America, 482,832 tickets were sold in the first two hours during the pre-sale, grossing US$14 million.<ref>{{cite web|last=Linda|first=Deckard|url=http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-8903793/400000-madonna-tickets-sold-first-two-hours|title=400,000 Madonna tickets sold in first two hours|date=April 9, 1990|access-date=September 14, 2019|work=Amusement Business|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629103229/http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-8903793/400000-madonna-tickets-sold-first-two-hours|archive-date=June 29, 2013|url-access=subscription|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first four dates alone were reported to have grossed almost US$1.5 million.<ref>{{harvnb|Crampton|Rees|1991|pp=238}}</ref> In Los Angeles, the tour set a record at the [[Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena|Memorial Sports Arena]]; tickets for the first three concerts were sold out in 45 minutes,<ref>{{cite web |title=Police prepare for Madonna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2ZcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA15 |website=[[The Vindicator (Ohio newspaper)|The Vindicator]] |access-date=September 14, 2019 |date=May 28, 1990 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727120139/https://books.google.com/books?id=H2ZcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA15 |url-status=live }}</ref> and grossed US$456,720, becoming the highest grossing musical event of all time in the history of the arena.<ref>{{cite web|last=Linda|first=Deckard|url=http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-10607298/wrestlemania-vii-grosses-720235|title=Wrestlemania VII grosses $720,235|date=April 1, 1991|access-date=September 14, 2019|work=Amusement Business|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629104830/http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-10607298/wrestlemania-vii-grosses-720235|archive-date=June 29, 2013|url-access=subscription|url-status=dead}}</ref> The proceeds of the last American date in [[New Jersey]], over US$300,000, were donated to the nonprofit organization [[amfAR]]; the show was dedicated to Madonna's friend [[Keith Haring]] who died of AIDS.<ref name="People25" />

The tour proved to be successful in Europe as well. The single concert in [[Rome]] was attended by 30,000 people.<ref name="SunJournal" /> In Spain, tickets went on sale on 11 June 1990; prices ranged from 1,200 to 4,000 [[Spanish peseta|pesetas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff |title=El lunes se ponen a la venta las entradas para los recitales de Madonna |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/06/09/cultura/644882409_850215.html |work=El País |access-date=September 15, 2019 |language=es |date=June 9, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232451/https://elpais.com/diario/1990/06/09/cultura/644882409_850215.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Galicia">{{cite web |last1=Becerra |first1=Javier |title=25 años de dos conciertos históricos en Galicia |url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/sociedad/2015/07/28/25-anos-dos-conciertos-historicos-galicia/0003_201507G28P28991.htm |work=[[La Voz de Galicia]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |language=es |date=April 21, 2016 |archive-date=June 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617164616/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/sociedad/2015/07/28/25-anos-dos-conciertos-historicos-galicia/0003_201507G28P28991.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The single concert at [[Madrid]]'s [[Vicente Calderón Stadium]] attracted 50,000 fans, while in [[Vigo]] only 23,000 of the 40,000 tickets were sold.<ref name="Calderon">{{cite news |last1=Fernández Rubio |first1=Andrés |title=Madonna convoco a 50.000 personas en Madrid |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/28/cultura/649116005_850215.html |work=El País |access-date=September 15, 2019 |language=es |date=July 28, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/28/cultura/649116005_850215.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Galicia" /> The single concert at Gothenburg's [[Eriksberg, Gothenburg|Eriksberg Docks]] attracted 55,000 people, one of the biggest crowds for a concert in Gothenburg at the time.<ref name="Aftonbladet">{{cite web |last1=Andersson |first1=Jan-Olov |title=1990 var din show störst |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/musik/rockbjornen/a/qnkovL/1990-var-din-show-storst |work=[[Aftonbladet]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |language=sv |date=July 5, 2012 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232451/https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/musik/rockbjornen/a/qnkovL/1990-var-din-show-storst |url-status=live }}</ref> Upon completion, the tour was reported to have grossed a total of US$62.7&nbsp;million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|62.7|r=2|1990}}}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars) from 57 concerts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beck |first1=John |title=Sticker Shock : Astronomically Outpacing Inflation, Concert Ticket Costs Continue Upward, But Fans Continue To Pay The Price |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SA&p_theme=sa&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FD2C92A52378288&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |website=[[The Press Democrat]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=August 24, 2003 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101202907/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SA&p_theme=sa&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FD2C92A52378288&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |url-status=live }}</ref>{{inflation-fn|US}} ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' reported that a percentage of ticket proceeds would be donated to the charity organization Cities In Schools, a high school drop-out prevention program.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=McGowan |first1=Chris |title=Tour Sponsorship Earns Pioneer Madonna Laserdisk |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=May 5, 1990 |volume=102 |issue=18 |page=53 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1990/BB-1990-05-05.pdf#page=53 |access-date=29 September 2020 |issn=0006-2510 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925070422/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/90s/1990/BB-1990-05-05.pdf#page=53 |url-status=live }}</ref> Madonna was named the second most successful solo touring act of the time, behind only [[Michael Jackson]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bruenger|2016|pp=186}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
[[File:LikeAVirginMadonnaUnderground (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|In Toronto, local police threatened to arrest Madonna over the performance of "[[Like a Virgin (song)|Like a Virgin]]", in which she simulated masturbation.]]
The tour was subject to controversy due to its sexual and Catholic imagery. In Italy, a private association of [[Roman Catholics in Italy|Roman Catholics]] called for a boycott of the shows in Rome and [[Turin]]; [[Pope John Paul II]] urged the general public and the [[Christianity in Italy|Christian community]] not to attend the concert, calling it "one of the most [[Satanism|satanic]] shows in the history of humanity".<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5006008.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=May 23, 2006|last=Grunt|first=Gary|title=Madonna's giant cross offensive|access-date=December 13, 2018|archive-date=March 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319085601/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5006008.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Michaels |first1=Sean |title=Madonna dedicates "Like a Virgin" to the Pope |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/sep/08/madonna.dedicates.song.pope |work=The Guardian |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=September 8, 2008 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902222728/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/sep/08/madonna.dedicates.song.pope |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Vatican City|Vatican]]'s newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'' deemed it "sinful, blasphemous" and "a complete disgrace", while the ''Famiglia Domani'', a private association of [[Conservatism in Italy|conservative]] Catholics, criticized its [[eroticism]] and called it "shameful".<ref name="DigitalSpy">{{cite web |last1=Reynolds |first1=Simon |title=Madonna Milestones: Pope calls for live boycott |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a120546/madonna-milestones-pope-calls-for-live-boycott/ |work=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=August 13, 2008 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a120546/madonna-milestones-pope-calls-for-live-boycott/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="People25" /><ref name="sexton">{{harvnb|Sexton|1993|p=88}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Edwards|2015|p=110}}</ref> Madonna held a press conference in Rome's [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport]] defending herself and the tour: "I am [[Italian Americans|Italian American]] and proud of it{{nbsp}}... The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others [...] Like theater, [Blond Ambition] asks questions, provokes thought and takes you on an emotional journey, portraying good and bad, light and dark, joy and sorrow, redemption and salvation".<ref>{{harvnb|Guilbert|2002|p=153}}</ref><ref name="People25" /> Nonetheless, the protests had effect and a planned second show in the city's [[Stadio Flaminio]] was canceled due to low ticket sales and a threatened general strike by labor unions.<ref name="SunJournal">{{cite web |title=Controversy hurts Madonna in Italy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jg0gAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA26 |work=[[Sun Journal (Lewiston, Maine)|Sun Journal]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=July 12, 1990 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727121117/https://books.google.com/books?id=jg0gAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA26 |url-status=live }}</ref> Roman newspaper ''[[Il Messaggero]]'' dismissed the controversy with a lukewarm review; "A lot of noise over nothing", read the headline.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Polk |first1=Peggy |title=Rome not big enough for 2 Madonnas |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-07-12-9002260933-story.html |work=Chicago Tribune |date=July 12, 1990 |access-date=19 December 2019 |format=July 12, 1990 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219023850/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-07-12-9002260933-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In [[Toronto]], the tour's explicit overtone also caused problems. During the first show at the city's [[SkyDome]] on May 27, the crew received a visit from the local police who threatened to arrest the singer for "lewd and indecent display", specifically the masturbation scene during the performance of "Like a Virgin".<ref name="BB25">{{cite magazine |last1=Lynch |first1=Joe |title=Madonna Was Nearly Arrested for Simulating Masturbation 25 Years Ago Today |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6582939/madonna-masturbation-like-a-virgin-controversy-toronto-anniversary |magazine=Billboard |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=May 29, 2015 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920235456/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6582939/madonna-masturbation-like-a-virgin-controversy-toronto-anniversary |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Edwards|2015|p=1}}</ref> However, according to ''Rolling Stone'', no charges were made after the tour's manager gave the police an ultimatum: "Cancel the show, and you'll have to tell 30,000 people why."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Rogers|first=Sheila|author-link=Sheila Rogers|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=July 12–26, 1990|title=Random Notes|issue=582/583|page=13}}</ref> The show was unaltered and Madonna began the concert by asking the crowd "do you believe in artistic expression and freedom of speech?", and later issued a statement saying she was willing to be arrested to protect her freedom to "express myself as an artist".<ref name="EssaysWP">{{cite news |last1=Harrington |first1=Richard |title=Essay |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1990/06/03/essay/832120d0-f6e5-472f-881b-aabb39f7d791/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=June 3, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232451/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1990/06/03/essay/832120d0-f6e5-472f-881b-aabb39f7d791/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="OrlandoSentinel">{{cite web |title=Madonna's show draws complaints, police review |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1990-06-01-9006010626-story.html |work=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=June 1, 1990 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232453/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1990-06-01-9006010626-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Frank Bergen, a [[Toronto Police Service|Toronto police]] officer at the time, recalled that the claims were led by a retired police officer and a [[crown attorney]] with a "strong position" against Madonna and the tour. He also said despite the police being depicted as "real knobs" on the ''[[Madonna: Truth or Dare]]'' documentary, he felt they weren't acting that way.<ref name=TSun>{{cite news |last1=Friend |first1=David |title=The time Toronto Police nearly arrested Madonna |url=https://torontosun.com/2016/05/28/the-time-toronto-police-nearly-arrested-madonna/wcm/65813de7-1e32-4151-b8e7-6551c60a9f52 |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=May 28, 2016 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920233955/https://torontosun.com/2016/05/28/the-time-toronto-police-nearly-arrested-madonna/wcm/65813de7-1e32-4151-b8e7-6551c60a9f52 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kevin Stea, one of the dancers, said the troupe was willing to be arrested over the performance, calling it "the most powerful moment I ever felt with Madonna. As a team we were all together".<ref name=TSun />

== Broadcasts and recordings ==
{{Main|Blond Ambition World Tour Live|Madonna: Truth or Dare}}
{{multiple image
| align = left
| image1 = HolidayUnderGround1 crop.jpg
| width1 = 161
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = 
| image2 = KeepItTogetherMadonnaUnderground cropped.jpg
| width2 = 182
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = 
| footer = Madonna during the final performances of the tour, "[[Holiday (Madonna song)|Holiday]]" (''left'') and "[[Keep It Together (song)|Keep It Together]]" (''right'').
}}
The last concert in [[Nice]], France, was recorded and broadcast on [[HBO]] as ''Live! Madonna: Blond Ambition World Tour 90''. The rights to the special were bought by HBO for US$1 million, and was advertised as "America's No.{{nbsp}}1 female [[pop star]] in a live-by-satellite performance of one of the summer's biggest pop music events".<ref>{{cite news|last=Sherrill|first=Martha|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/1991/05/14/25-years-ago-madonna-was-hitting-peak-madonna-and-sharing-every-last-secret/|title=The Roots of Madonna: Getting down to Earth with the pop star|date=May 14, 1991|access-date=July 10, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=September 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901142713/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/1991/05/14/25-years-ago-madonna-was-hitting-peak-madonna-and-sharing-every-last-secret/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="chictr" /> According to the ''Chicago Tribune'', it was not a [[pay-per-view]] special as the channel wanted to distinguish itself from its pay-TV rival, [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]].<ref name="chictr">{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Ron |title=Live Madonna show suggests HBO's own 'Blond Ambition' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-08-04-9003050460-story.html |work=Chicago Tribune |access-date=September 16, 2019 |date=August 4, 1990 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921074146/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-08-04-9003050460-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The transmission gave HBO a record for the highest ratings ever for an original program at the time; around 4.5 million people tuned in.<ref name="tarap" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1992/music/news/jackson-concert-sets-hbo-record-101198/|title=Jackson concert sets HBO record|date=October 15, 1992|access-date=April 18, 2021|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145057/https://variety.com/1992/music/news/jackson-concert-sets-hbo-record-101198/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was considered too racy for television, and during the concert Madonna told the cameras: "You know what I have to say to America? Get a fucking sense of humor, okay?".<ref name="tarap" /> Soon after, the concert was released exclusively on [[LaserDisc]], entitled ''[[Blond Ambition World Tour Live]]''; it earned Madonna her very first [[Grammy]] win for [[Best Long Form Music Video]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Grammy Awards – Madonna |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/madonna |publisher=[[The Recording Academy]] |access-date=September 16, 2019 |archive-date=November 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117043843/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/madonna |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the [[Yokohama]] dates was also recorded and released exclusively in Japan under the title ''Blond Ambition – Japan Tour 90''.<ref name="yokohama">{{cite video|people=Madonna|title=Blond Ambition – Japan Tour 90|medium=VHS|publisher=Warner-Pioneer Japan|date=1990}}</ref> In addition to these releases, Spanish broadcaster [[Televisión Española|TVE]] recorded the concert in Barcelona and aired it in 30 countries.<ref name="Calderon" /> ''L’Osservatore Romano'' felt the broadcast was a violation of "good sense, good taste and decency".<ref>{{cite web |title=SHORT TAKES : Madonna's Guard Apologizes |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-08-02-ca-1876-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=19 December 2019 |date=August 12, 1990 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219023854/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-08-02-ca-1876-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In England, [[BBC Radio 1]] broadcast the full show from [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], which led to controversy over the [[profanity]] Madonna used live on air.<ref name="showstealer">{{cite news|first=Neil|last=Smith|date=May 24, 2004|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3704915.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Show Stealer Madonna on Tour|access-date=September 17, 2019|archive-date=August 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804221111/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3704915.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The documentary film which chronicled the tour, ''[[Madonna: Truth or Dare]]'' (known as ''In Bed with Madonna'' outside of North America), was directed by [[Alek Keshishian]] and released in theaters on May 10, 1991, grossing over US$15&nbsp;million.<ref name="tarap2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=truthordare.htm|title=Madonna: Truth or Dare|access-date=September 17, 2019|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|archive-date=April 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406034304/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=truthordare.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer approached Keshishian about doing an HBO special on her and the tour; the director, who found the backstage scene to be "a [[Federico Fellini|Fellini]]-esque dysfunctional family", persuaded the singer to do an actual film focused on that, with interspersed footage of some performances.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Higgins |first1=Bill |title=Hollywood Flashback: Madonna Caused Near-Riots With 'Truth or Dare' in 1991 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywood-flashback-madonna-caused-riots-truth-dare-1134329 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=September 17, 2019 |date=August 18, 2018 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232451/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywood-flashback-madonna-caused-riots-truth-dare-1134329 |url-status=live }}</ref> It received generally positive reviews; [[Peter Travers]] from ''Rolling Stone'' wrote that "you may not leave ''Truth or Dare'' loving Madonna, but you'll respect her as a force of nature".<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Travers |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Travers |title=Movie reviews: Truth Or Dare |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/truth-or-dare-2-123181/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=September 17, 2019 |date=May 10, 1991 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/truth-or-dare-2-123181/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, it was named by ''[[The Guardian]]'' as the greatest music documentary of all time, with Ryan Gilbey claiming that "[Alek] Keshishian couldn't have trained his cameras on Madonna at a better time".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gilbey |first1=Ryan |title=The 20 best music documentaries – ranked! |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/sep/20/20-best-music-documentaries-ranked-rock-pop |work=The Guardian |access-date=September 17, 2019 |date=September 20, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907022441/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/sep/20/20-best-music-documentaries-ranked-rock-pop |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Madonna was nominated for a [[12th Golden Raspberry Awards|Razzie Award]] for [[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress|Worst Actress]] for her role in the film.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=John|title=The Official Razzie Movie Guide: Enjoying the Best of Hollywood's Worst |year=2005|publisher=Grand Central Publishing|isbn=0-446-69334-0}}</ref> It was released on video by [[Artisan Entertainment|LIVE Entertainment]] on October 9, 1991.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite AV media notes|title=Madonna: Truth or Dare|others=Madonna|year=1991|publisher=Live Entertainment|id=68976|type=LaserDisc|location=Santa Monica, California}}</ref> The 2016 documentary ''[[Strike a Pose]]'' chronicled the life of six of the dancers after the tour finished.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Needham |first1=Alex |title=Strike a Pose review – Madonna's dancers vogue back in anger |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/17/strike-a-pose-film-review-madonna-dancers |work=The Guardian |access-date=18 September 2019 |date=April 17, 2016 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/17/strike-a-pose-film-review-madonna-dancers |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Legacy ==
=== In the work of other artists ===
Blond Ambition has been noted for its theatricality and fashion, something uncommon for concerts at the time.<ref name=GayTimes /><ref name=Vogue30 /> Drew Mackie from ''People'', said that, "Blond Ambition changed the [[pop-culture]] landscape". The fact that the show was divided into different thematic acts represented, according to the author, "not only a level of creative planning unusual for concerts at the time but also the sheer volume of material Madonna had to work with".<ref name="People25" /> Lucy O'Brien noted that the singer had previously explored "conceptual musical theatre as concert" on 1987's [[Who's That Girl World Tour]], but it wasn't until Blond Ambition that "art, spectacle and dance ''really'' came together".<ref name="lucy1" /> Courtney E. Smith wrote in her book ''Record Collecting for Girls: Unleashing Your Inner Music Nerd, One Album at a Time'' that, "[Blond Ambition] forever changed audience expectations for pop concerts. Even if you didn't go, you're probably familiar with that tour".<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=124}}</ref> Co-director/Choreographer Vincent Paterson recalled that Madonna's goal was to "break every rule we can. She wanted to make statements about [[Human sexuality|sexuality]], cross-sexuality and the church. And she did".<ref name="tarap2" /> Dancer [[Luis Camacho (dancer)|Luis Camacho]] said that Madonna "set the stage" for concerts and shows that followed.<ref name="NMELAP">{{cite web |last1=Hunt |first1=El |title=Sex. Religion. Death. Conical bras. Madonna's 'Like A Prayer' and Blond Ambition Tour at 30 |url=https://www.nme.com/features/sex-religion-death-conical-bras-madonnas-like-prayer-blond-ambition-tour-30-2463908#oqYDkgeHcEwVr3s4.99ubmit |work=[[NME]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=June 14, 2019 |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321080642/https://www.nme.com/features/sex-religion-death-conical-bras-madonnas-like-prayer-blond-ambition-tour-30-2463908#oqYDkgeHcEwVr3s4.99ubmit |url-status=live }}</ref> Scott Anderson concluded that the Blond Ambition Tour changed the way artists present and perform in stadiums and arenas.<ref name=GayTimes>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Scott |title=Why Madonna's Blond Ambition was the greatest tour ever |url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/60125/madonna-blond-ambition-tour-greatest-ever/ |work=[[Gay Times]] |access-date=September 15, 2019 |date=January 23, 2017 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920232452/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/60125/madonna-blond-ambition-tour-greatest-ever/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to Christopher Rosa from [[VH1]], the tour solidified Madonna's status as a "cultural tour-de-force and groundbreaking pop artist".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosa |first1=Christopher |title=Ranking 30 Years Of Madonna's Tours: Which One Is The Greatest? |url=https://www.vh1.com/news/35yroa/ranking-madonna-tours-2 |publisher=[[VH1]] |access-date=26 September 2019 |date=September 4, 2015 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306005249/http://www.vh1.com/news/55223/ranking-madonna-tours-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Gina Vivinetto from ''[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]'' named it Madonna's best tour and wrote that, "until [Blond Ambition] came along, we had no idea what a live concert could be".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vivinetto |first1=Gina |title=Madonna's 9 Tours: Ranked |url=https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/music/2015/09/09/madonnas-9-tours-ranked?pg=1#article-content |website=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |access-date=8 July 2020 |date=September 9, 2015 |archive-date=July 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708234648/https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/music/2015/09/09/madonnas-9-tours-ranked?pg=1#article-content |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' deemed it the sixth greatest concert of the last 35 years. Ilana Kaplan wrote that it "was more than just shock factor: It was meant to transform live pop music", and also that it helped Madonna "reclaim her narrative and power as the tabloids (wrongfully) deemed her a villain".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaplan |first1=Ilana |title=The 35 Greatest Concerts of the Last 35 Years |url=https://www.spin.com/featured/the-35-greatest-concerts-of-the-last-35-years/ |work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |access-date=7 December 2020 |date=28 November 2020 |archive-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209051759/https://www.spin.com/featured/the-35-greatest-concerts-of-the-last-35-years/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]]''{{'}}s Mike Wass considered it the "blueprint for modern concerts [...] The Queen of Pop really shook things up by giving choreography, costumes and production as much attention as the live vocals".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wass |first1=Mike |title=Madonna Uploads Live Performance Of "Vogue" From 'Blond Ambition Tour' |url=https://www.idolator.com/7908725/madonna-uploads-live-performance-of-vogue-from-blond-ambition-tour?chrome=1 |website=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]] |access-date=3 February 2021 |date=April 1, 2020 }}{{dead link|date=August 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Writing for ''The Guardian'', professor [[Sarah Churchwell]] wrote that the tour allowed Madonna to "catapult[ed] herself into megastardom, shaping the music industry" and establishing herself as "the mother of today’s multimedia concert extravaganzas".<ref>{{cite web |last=Churchwell |first=Sarah |author-link=Sarah Churchwell |title= Sarah Churchwell on Madonna: 'She remains the hero of her own story' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jul/15/sarah-churchwell-on-madonna-power-success-feminist-legacy |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 December 2021 |date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034225/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jul/15/sarah-churchwell-on-madonna-power-success-feminist-legacy|archive-date=November 9, 2020}}</ref>

{{Quote box|width=300px|align=right|quote="With its elaborate costumes (courtesy of French designer Jean-Paul Gaultier), Broadway-style sets (designed by Madonna's brother Christopher Ciccone) and quasi-narrative arc, the Blond Ambition Tour is the blueprint – the ''mother'' of the modern pop concert. The show infamously found Madonna exorcising herself of the guilt of her Catholic upbringing. The ''Religious'' segment, which began with the singer simulating masturbation and ended with her facing the judgment of the male authority figures in her life (her father, the Pope, God), is among the most audaciously conceived and impeccably executed moments of stagecraft in touring history".|source=—Sal Cinquemani commenting on the tour for ''Billboard''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Cinquemani |first1=Sal |title=Every Madonna tour, ranked |url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-madonna-tours/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=July 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406014221/https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-madonna-tours/ |archive-date=April 6, 2024 |date=April 5, 2024}}</ref>}}

''Rolling Stone'' noted that Madonna had "reinvented the pop megatour itself"; in 2017, the magazine included Blond Ambition on their list of "The 50 Greatest Concerts of the Last 50 Years".<ref name="RSTours" /> Similarly, ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' magazine named it one of the "10 Greatest Gigs of All Time"; Sylvia Patterson explained that, "in spring 1990, Madonna was not only the most regonisable woman on Earth, but the most gloriously dynamic pop force on the planet. [...] Blond Ambition, her third major tour, was acknowledged as the first-ever global pop tour to use Broadway theatre production values with sets and a narrative 'arc'".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Patterson |first=Sylvia |title=Madonna at London Wembley: 20 July, 1990|journal=[[Q (magazine)|Q]]|date=March 2013| page=72|issn=0955-4955|issue=320}}</ref> On a similar note, ''Billboard''{{'}}s Jon O'Brien commented that, "no longer were audiences content to watch their pop idol simply play the hits. Elaborate production values and strong narrative arcs soon became just as integral to the superstar tour as the music itself".<ref name="BB30" /> ''The Guardian''{{'}}s Mark Beaumont wrote that it "set a new bar for confrontational theatricality that only greater shock tactics could ever challenge".<ref name="BAT30Guardian" /> In 2022, Alim Kheraj from ''The Guardian'', named the tour one of the 50 gigs that changed music, for "altering the blueprint for modern pop shows with this combination of narrative, choreography, high production values and fashion. A taboo-busting exploration of sexuality and religion only solidified its legacy".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kheraj |first1=Alim |title=Ziggy bows out, Madonna scares the pope and Dylan goes electric: 50 gigs that changed music |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/ziggy-bows-out-madonna-scares-the-pope-and-dylan-goes-electric-50-gigs-that-changed-music |website=The Guardian |access-date=February 16, 2022 |date=February 11, 2022 |archive-date=February 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216001948/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/ziggy-bows-out-madonna-scares-the-pope-and-dylan-goes-electric-50-gigs-that-changed-music |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramona Liera Schwichtenberg, Deidre Pribram, Dave Tetzlaff and Ron Scott, authors of ''The Madonna Connection: Representational Politics, Subcultural Identities, And Cultural Theory'', wrote that the tour revealed the "underlying contradictory tensions within dominant American culture vis-à-vis sexuality", and that it violated too many "fragile, middle-class sexual codes and boundaries".<ref>{{harvnb|Schwichtenberg|Pribram|Tetzlaff|Scott|2019|p=121}}</ref>

It has also left its mark on the work of subsequent pop acts; ''[[NME]]''{{'}}s El Hunt wrote: "Think of the whips and chains of [[Rihanna]]'s '[[S&M (song)|S&M]]', [[Ariana Grande]]'s '[[Side to Side]]' and countless other pop greats who emerged post-Madonna, and traces of Blond Ambition linger in their every move".<ref name="NMELAP" /> The music video for [[Lady Gaga]]'s 2010 single "[[Alejandro (song)|Alejandro]]" was deemed a "visual love letter" to Madonna and the tour.<ref name=cbs>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lady-gaga-alejandro-music-video-has-singers-guns-blazing/|title=Lady Gaga "Alejandro" Music Video Has Singer's Guns Blazing|date=June 8, 2010|access-date=31 August 2020|last=Thomas|first=Devon|work=[[CBS News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610230928/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20007113-10391698.html|archive-date=June 10, 2010}}</ref> [[Kylie Minogue]]'s 1991 [[Let's Get to It Tour]] was criticized for its similarities to Blond Ambition and branded a "parody".<ref>{{harvnb|Baker|Minogue|2002|p=96}}</ref> Further influence has been recognized by critics on Michael Jackson's 1992–93 [[Dangerous World Tour]], as well as on the live performances of [[Pink (singer)|Pink]], [[Beyoncé]], Lady Gaga, [[Katy Perry]], [[Miley Cyrus]], [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]], [[Nicki Minaj]] and [[Justin Bieber]].<ref name="BB30">{{cite magazine |last1=O'Brien |first1=Jon |title=How Madonna's Blond Ambition Tour Changed Pop Concerts Forever |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9359004/madonna-blond-ambition-world-tour |magazine=Billboard |access-date=18 April 2020 |date=April 17, 2020 |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418030201/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9359004/madonna-blond-ambition-world-tour |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BAT30Guardian">{{cite web |last1=Beaumont |first1=Mark |title='A Freudian nightmare': Madonna's Blond Ambition tour turns 30 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/may/08/a-freudian-nightmare-madonnas-blond-ambition-tour-turns-30 |work=The Guardian |access-date=8 May 2020 |date=May 8, 2020 |archive-date=May 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508160704/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/may/08/a-freudian-nightmare-madonnas-blond-ambition-tour-turns-30 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Vulture">{{cite web |last1=Goldberg |first1=David |title=A Pop-Culture Guide to ''Pose'' Season Two |url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/08/pose-season-2-viewing-guide-references.html |website=[[Vulture.com|Vulture]] |access-date=31 August 2020 |date=August 21, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806192140/https://www.vulture.com/2019/08/pose-season-2-viewing-guide-references.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In order to record the actors' expressions up close, filmmakers working on [[James Cameron]]'s ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009) had them wear black headsets with small square cameras positioned in front of their mouths ―similar to the microphones used by Madonna on the tour;<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jacobs |first1=Matthew |title=The surprising way Madonna influenced Avatar |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/09/madonnas-surprising-influence-on-james-camerons-avatar.html |work=Vulture |access-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919163836/https://www.vulture.com/2022/09/madonnas-surprising-influence-on-james-camerons-avatar.html |archive-date=September 19, 2022 |date=September 19, 2022}}</ref> producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] explained that, "if [Madonna] can be bouncing around with a microphone in her face and give a great performance [...] we thought, 'Let’s replace that microphone with a video camera'".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=John |title=Alternate world, alternate technology |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/movies/13avatar.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923061228/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/movies/13avatar.html |archive-date=September 23, 2022 |date=December 10, 2009}}</ref>

=== In fashion and popular culture ===
{{multiple image
| align = left
| total_width       = 400
| image1 = Madonna à Nice 26 (cropped).jpg
| image2 = Katy Perry 2011 7.jpg
| alt1 = 
| image3 = LadyGagaJul2010.jpg
| alt3 = 
| footer = Madonna wearing a metallic recreation of the conical corset during [[the MDNA Tour]] (2012) (''left''). The corset has influenced and been recreated by contemporary artists such as [[Katy Perry]] (''center'') and [[Lady Gaga]] (''right'').
}}
The tour has also influenced the fashion world. In her book ''Fashion Details: 1,000 Ideas from Neckline to Waistline, Pockets to Pleats'', Macarena San Martin called the Gaultier conical corset "an emblematic symbol of [[1990s in fashion|fashion in the early 90s]]".<ref>{{harvnb|San Martin|2011|p=6}}</ref> ''Billboard''{{'}}s Gregory DelliCarpini Jr. stated that the corset "redefined the female silhouette and moved many designers to add some edge to their undergarments".<ref name="BBSells">{{cite magazine |last1=DelliCarpini Jr. |first1=Gregory |title=Madonna's Iconic Cone Bra Sells for $52,000 |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/madonnas-iconic-cone-bra-sells-for-52000-473934/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=September 16, 2019 |date=March 12, 2012 |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715165113/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/473934/madonnas-iconic-cone-bra-sells-for-52000 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''{{'}}s [[Nina Terrero]] said that Madonna "birthed a major fashion moment" when she performed on tour wearing the corset.<ref name="EWConeBra" /> For [[Harold Koda]], the singer's use of the corset, an undergarment, as outerwear suggested that "an explicit control of one's image might transform, or at least destabilize, the patriarchal relationships of voyeuristic male and sexually objectified female".<ref>{{harvnb|Koda|2004|p=60}}</ref> For Adam Geczy and [[Vicki Karaminas]], the conical corset over a male suit represented both the breasts and the [[phallus]]. They concluded that "in the interval of a decade, she transmogrified from virgin to [[dominatrix]] to ''[[Übermensch]]'' [...] Until then, only [[David Bowie|Bowie]] had multi-morphed; Madonna was the first woman to do so".<ref>{{harvnb|Geczy|Karaminas|2013|p=64}}</ref> Rebecca Dana from ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' stated that the corset's "genius" lied in its subversion of traditional femininity: "Soft becomes hard; curvy becomes phallic; the engine of maternity transforms into a weapon—it's a [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] nightmare".<ref name="DailyBeast">{{cite news |last1=Dana |first1=Rebecca |title=Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, Madonna: Dueling Cone Bras |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/lady-gaga-katy-perry-madonna-dueling-cone-bras |newspaper=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=September 16, 2019 |date=June 15, 2010 |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200707204756/https://www.thedailybeast.com/lady-gaga-katy-perry-madonna-dueling-cone-bras |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Madonna - The Celebration Tour live London14 10 2023 (53270974887) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Madonna on [[the Celebration Tour]] (2023–2024) flanked by a dancer dressed in one of the Blond Ambition costumes.]]
The conical corset has inspired and been recreated by many contemporary artists, including Lady Gaga, Katy Perry and Rihanna.<ref name="DailyBeast" /> In 2001, one of the corsets was sold at an auction for US$21,105.<ref name="Fryd" /> The corset was reinvented by Gaultier for Madonna's 2012 [[The MDNA Tour|MDNA Tour]] in a cage-like leather style; "what I have done this time is a nod to the conical bra corset of the Blond Ambition tour but reinterpreted in 3-D, in patent leather on the outside with metallic leather on the inside. It's all about masculine and feminine", the designer recalled.<ref name="WWDGaultier">{{cite web |last1=Lipke |first1=David |title=FASHION FASHION FEATURES Exclusive First Look at Madonna's Costumes |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/exclusive-first-look-at-madonnas-costumes-5933520/ |work=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |access-date=October 15, 2018 |date=May 30, 2012 |archive-date=November 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113093741/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/exclusive-first-look-at-madonnas-costumes-5933520/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While reviewing the tour on its 30th anniversary, Liam Hess from ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' wrote that the conical corset "is so embedded within the canon of both pop music and fashion that it now requires little introduction", and that it represented a pop star in control. Hess concluded that its most lasting influence is that it allowed female pop performers "to channel their sexuality through the outfits they choose to wear without shame, and on their own terms".<ref name=Vogue30>{{cite web |last1=Hess |first1=Liam |title=The Story Behind Madonna's Iconic Jean Paul Gaultier Cone Bra |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/madonna-blonde-ambition-jean-paul-gaultier-cone-bra |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |access-date=24 April 2020 |date=April 18, 2020 |archive-date=April 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425214516/https://www.vogue.com/article/madonna-blonde-ambition-jean-paul-gaultier-cone-bra |url-status=live }}</ref> The synthetic ponytail the singer wore during the Asian and American legs became a fashion trend among the youth, with ''People'' magazine reporting that many fans were showing up at the concerts with similar hairdos.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sporkin |first1=Elizabeth |title=Style Watch: Blond Condition |url=https://people.com/people/article/0,,20117914,00.html |work=People |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710200613/https://people.com/people/article/0,,20117914,00.html |archive-date=July 10, 2015 |date=June 11, 1990 |url-status=dead }}</ref> One of the performances of [[the Celebration Tour]] (2023–2024) sees Madonna "cuddled up" in a red velvet bed with a dancer dressed in a Blond Ambition attire, with "ponytail and everything", as noted by ''Billboard''{{'}}s Joe Lynch.<ref name="BBCelebration">{{cite magazine|last1=Lynch |first1=Joe |title=The 17 best moments from Madonna's Celebration Tour opening night in London |url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/madonna-tour-celebration-london-opening-night-best-moments/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=October 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015101939/https://www.billboard.com/lists/madonna-tour-celebration-london-opening-night-best-moments/ |archive-date=October 15, 2023 |date=October 14, 2023}}</ref> Additionally, one of that tour's costumes ―also designed by Gaultier― is a black conical mini dress encrusted with crystals that seeks to evoke the corset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malach |first=Hannah |date=October 15, 2023  |title=Madonna's 'Celebration Tour' Looks: Mirrored Versace Catsuit, Vetements Coat and Jean Paul Gaultier's Updated Take on the Cone Bra |url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/madonnas-celebration-tour-looks-versace-vetements-jean-paul-gaultier-1235877228/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016195215/https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/madonnas-celebration-tour-looks-versace-vetements-jean-paul-gaultier-1235877228/ |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |access-date=October 16, 2023 |website=[[Women's Wear Daily]] }}</ref>

Of the singer's look with the corset and ponytail, Mark Elliott from website UDiscoverMusic expressed that, "no other artist would ever inhabit an image so immortal from a live show".<ref name="UDiscover">{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Mark |title=Rebel Heart: How Madonna Revolutionised Live Concerts |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/rebel-heart-madonna-live/ |publisher=UDiscoverMusic |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409225402/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/rebel-heart-madonna-live/ |archive-date=April 9, 2019 |date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> It is now considered one of Madonna's most iconic looks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Looking Back: Madonna's most iconic style moments – May 11, 1990 |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/news/g18385/madonna-birthday-iconic-fashion-looks/?slide=15 |work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |access-date=20 January 2022 |date=August 16, 2012 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120045359/https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/news/g18385/madonna-birthday-iconic-fashion-looks/?slide=15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gavilanes |first1=Grace |title=Madonna's Most Iconic Looks Ever: 1990 |url=https://www.instyle.com/fashion/clothing/madonnas-most-iconic-looks-ever?slide=896d1a8c-ea69-4e7b-9db0-b1cc579f2522#896d1a8c-ea69-4e7b-9db0-b1cc579f2522 |work=[[InStyle]] |access-date=20 January 2022 |date=August 16, 2014 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120045402/https://www.instyle.com/fashion/clothing/madonnas-most-iconic-looks-ever?slide=896d1a8c-ea69-4e7b-9db0-b1cc579f2522#896d1a8c-ea69-4e7b-9db0-b1cc579f2522 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Blair |first1=Olivia |title=Madonna's most iconic fashion moments through the years: The cone bra |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/style-files/g22735944/madonna-iconic-fashion-moments/?slide=7 |magazine=[[Harper's Bazaar]] |access-date=20 January 2022 |date=August 16, 2018 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120045409/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/style-files/g22735944/madonna-iconic-fashion-moments/?slide=7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Madonna's Most Iconic Looks Throughout The Years |url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/madonnas-most-iconic-looks-throughout-the-years/10-june-25-1990/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=20 January 2022 |date=July 21, 2015 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120045400/https://www.billboard.com/photos/madonnas-most-iconic-looks-throughout-the-years/10-june-25-1990/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Brucculieri |first1=Julia |title=60 Of Madonna's Most Iconic Fashion Moments Through The Years |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/madonna-iconic-style-moments_n_5b7332f7e4b0594c38c5b311 |work=The Guardian |access-date=20 January 2022 |date=August 20, 2018 |archive-date=December 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226151901/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/madonna-iconic-style-moments_n_5b7332f7e4b0594c38c5b311 |url-status=live }}</ref> The look was then referenced by actress [[Stephanie Faracy]] in the 1993 film ''[[Hocus Pocus (1993 film)|Hocus Pocus]]''.<ref name="EWConeBra">{{cite magazine |last1=Terrero |first1=Nina |title=Madonna's Cone Bra turns 25: How this Gaultier lingerie's legacy lingers |url=https://ew.com/gallery/madonna-cone-bra-anniversary/?slide=193209#193209 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=September 16, 2019 |date=April 13, 2015 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727041835/https://ew.com/gallery/madonna-cone-bra-anniversary/?slide=193209#193209 |url-status=live }}</ref> On the fifth episode of the second season of American television series ''[[Pose (TV series)|Pose]]'', "What Would Candy Do?", the characters Damon ([[Ryan Jamaal Swain]]) and Ricky ([[Dyllón Burnside]]) audition to be back-up dancers for the tour. While discussing the episode, ''[[W (magazine)|W]]'' Magazine's Brooke Marine argued that, "as much as that tour is known for Madonna's famous Jean-Paul Gaultier cone bra, it was her dancers who made the whole spectacle culturally relevant [...] If it weren’t for the [[queer]] men of color who danced on the tour, Blond Ambition would not have been as effective or as subversive".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marine |first1=Brooke |title=''Pose'' Reaches Peak Madonna: a Visual History of the 1990 Blond Ambition Tour |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/pose-madonna-blonde-ambition-photos/ |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |access-date=26 August 2020 |date=July 17, 2019 |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928221653/https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/pose-madonna-blonde-ambition-photos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mark Beaumont expressed that the main taboo Madonna broke with Blond Ambition was "that of [[Human female sexuality|feminine sexuality]] as strength rather than titillation, as something owned by the artist not cashed in by the [[svengali]]s", while according to ''[[Vulture.com|Vulture]]''{{'}}s David Goldberg, "''everything'' Madonna can be traced down to this cultural convergence: fashion, religion, sex, spectacle, and, of course, controversy".<ref name="BAT30Guardian" /><ref name="Vulture" />

== Set list ==
Set list and samples adapted per Madonna's official website and the notes and track listing of ''Blond Ambition World Tour Live''.<ref name="Tour Dates" /><ref name="niza">{{cite video|people=Madonna|title=Blond Ambition World Tour Live|medium=Laserdisc|publisher=Warner-Pioneer|date=1990}}</ref>

'''Act 1: ''Metropolis'''''
# "[[Express Yourself (Madonna song)|Express Yourself]]" {{small|(Contains excerpts from "[[Everybody (Madonna song)|Everybody]]")}}
# "[[Open Your Heart (Madonna song)|Open Your Heart]]"
# "[[Causing a Commotion]]"
# "Where's the Party"
'''Act 2: ''Religious'''''
# <li value="5">"[[Like a Virgin (song)|Like a Virgin]]"</li>
# "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" {{small|(Contains excerpts from "Act of Contrition")}}
# "[[Live to Tell]]" / "[[Oh Father]]"
# "[[Papa Don't Preach]]"
'''Act 3: ''Dick Tracy'''''
# <li value="9">"[[Sooner or Later (Madonna song)|Sooner or Later]]"</li>
# "[[Hanky Panky (Madonna song)|Hanky Panky]]"
# "Now I'm Following You"
'''Act 4: ''Art Deco'''''
# <li value="12">"[[Material Girl]]"</li>
# "[[Cherish (Madonna song)|Cherish]]"
# "[[Into the Groove]]" {{small|(Contains elements of "[[Ain't Nobody Better]]")}}
# "[[Vogue (Madonna song)|Vogue]]"
'''Act 5: ''Encore'''''
# <li value="16">"[[Holiday (Madonna song)|Holiday]]" {{small|(Contains elements of "[[Fatback Band|(Are You Ready) Do the Bus Stop]]")}}</li>
# "[[Keep It Together (song)|Keep It Together]]" {{small|(Contains excerpts from "[[Family Affair (Sly & the Family Stone song)|Family Affair]]")}}

== Tour dates ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of concerts<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Tour Dates">{{cite web |title=Madonna.com > Tours > Blond Ambition Tour |url=http://www.madonna.com/tour/index/tour/id/2 |publisher=Icon: Official Madonna website |access-date=September 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227054509/http://www.madonna.com/tour/index/tour/id/2 |archive-date=December 27, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="Technotronic">{{cite news |last=Allen |first=Gavin |date=March 12, 2009 |title=Soul survivor: After Technotronic, Madonna, Jeff Beck and The Sugababes, Eric Martin has returned home to save Cardiff's soul. He talks to GAVIN ALLEN |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/342300637 |access-date=May 23, 2025 |newspaper=South Wales Echo |page=32 |id={{ProQuest|342300637}}}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |date=July 24, 2021 |title=Madonna brengt haar Blond Ambition tour in 1990 naar De Kuip |url=https://www.nporadio2.nl/nieuws/npo-radio-2/e8e706f1-a69b-4eda-9ad2-771b42d4c655/madonna-brengt-in-1990-haar-blond-ambition-tour-naar-de-kuip |access-date=11 July 2023 |work=NPO Radio 2}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Date<br />(1990)
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| City
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Country
! scope="col" style="width:20em;"| Venue
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Opening act
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Attendance
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Revenue
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 13
| rowspan=3|[[Chiba (city)|Chiba]]
| rowspan=9|Japan
| rowspan=3|[[ZOZO Marine Stadium|Chiba Marine Stadium]]
| rowspan="57" |[[Technotronic]]
| rowspan=3|105,000 / 105,000
| rowspan="9" {{N/A}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 14
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 15
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 20
| rowspan=3|[[Nishinomiya]]
| rowspan=3|[[Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium]]
| rowspan=6 {{N/A}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 21
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 22
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 25
| rowspan=3|[[Yokohama]]
| rowspan=3|[[Yokohama Stadium]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 26
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | April 27
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 4
| rowspan=2|[[Houston]]
| rowspan=14|United States
| rowspan=2|[[Lakewood Church Central Campus|The Summit]]
| rowspan=2| 31,427 / 31,427
| rowspan=2| $881,245
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 7
| rowspan=2|[[Dallas]]
| rowspan=2|[[Reunion Arena]]
| rowspan=2| 29,503 / 29,503
| rowspan=2| $820,914
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 11
| rowspan=5|Los Angeles
| rowspan=5|[[Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena]]
| rowspan=5| 77,217 / 77,217
| rowspan=5| $2,242,110
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 12
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 13
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 15
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 16
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 18
| rowspan=3|[[Oakland, California|Oakland]]
| rowspan=3|[[Oakland Arena|Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena]]
| rowspan=3| 42,608 / 42,608
| rowspan=3| $1,278,245
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 19
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 20
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 23
| rowspan=2|[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont]]
| rowspan=2|[[Allstate Arena|Rosemont Horizon]]
| rowspan=2| 33,954 / 33,954
| rowspan=2| $955,181
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 24
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 27
| rowspan=3|[[Toronto]]
| rowspan=3|Canada
| rowspan=3|[[Rogers Centre|SkyDome]]
| rowspan=3| 80,251 / 80,251
| rowspan=3| $2,146,733
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 28
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 29
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | May 31
| rowspan=2|[[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]]
| rowspan=15|United States
| rowspan=2|[[The Palace of Auburn Hills]]
| rowspan=2| 40,662 / 40,662
| rowspan=2| $1,199,529
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 4
| rowspan=2|[[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]]
| rowspan=2|[[DCU Center|Worcester Centrum]]
| rowspan=2| 28,000 / 28,000
| rowspan=2| $776,767
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 8
| rowspan=2|[[Landover, Maryland|Landover]]
| rowspan=2|[[Capital Centre (Landover, Maryland)|Capital Centre]]
| rowspan=2| 32,295 / 32,295
| rowspan=2| $928,193
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 9
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 11
| rowspan=3|[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale]]
| rowspan=3|[[Nassau Coliseum|Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum]]
| rowspan=3| 51,000 / 51,000
| rowspan=3| $1,530,000
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 12
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 13
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 16
| rowspan=2|[[Philadelphia]]
| rowspan=2|[[Spectrum (arena)|The Spectrum]]
| rowspan=2| 34,821 / 34,821
| rowspan=2| $976,666
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 17
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 20
| rowspan=4|[[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]]
| rowspan=4|[[Meadowlands Arena|Brendan Byrne Arena]]
| rowspan=4| 75,000 / 75,000
| rowspan=4| $2,250,000
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 21
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 24
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 25{{efn|This concert was originally set to take place on June 19 but was rescheduled due to Madonna having laryngitis<ref>{{cite web |title=Madonna Reschedules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/19/arts/madonna-reschedules.html?gwh=B75730AB5EBF422EBE7765A9FD53CCB2 |work=The New York Times |access-date=26 September 2019 |date=June 19, 1990 |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306052451/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/19/arts/madonna-reschedules.html?gwh=B75730AB5EBF422EBE7765A9FD53CCB2 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | June 30
| [[Gothenburg]]
| Sweden
| [[Eriksberg, Gothenburg|Eriksberg]]
| 55,000 / 55,000
| $2,533,000
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 3
| rowspan=3|Paris
| rowspan=3|France
| rowspan=3|[[Accor Arena|Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy]]
| rowspan="3" {{N/A}}
| rowspan="7" {{N/A}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 4
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"| July 6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 10
| [[Rome]]
| rowspan=2|Italy
| [[Stadio Flaminio]]
|30,000 / 30,000
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 13
| [[Turin]]
| [[Stadio Delle Alpi|Stadio delle Alpi]]
| rowspan="3" {{N/A}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 15
| [[Munich]]
| rowspan=2|[[West Germany]]
| [[Riding Facility, Riem|Olympia-Reitstadion Riem]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 17
| [[Dortmund]]
| [[Westfalenhallen|Westfalenhalle]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 20
| rowspan=3|London
| rowspan=3|England
| rowspan=3|[[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]]
| rowspan=3| 225,000 / 225,000
| rowspan=3| $2,578,625
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 21
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 22
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 24
| [[Rotterdam]]
| Netherlands
| [[De Kuip|Feijenoord Stadion]]
| 40,000 / 45,000
| rowspan=5 {{N/A}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 27
| [[Madrid]]
| rowspan=3|Spain
| [[Vicente Calderón Stadium|Estadio Vicente Calderón]]
|50,000 / 50,000
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | July 29
| [[Vigo]]
| [[Balaídos|Estadio Municipal de Balaídos]]
|23,000 / 40,000
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | August 1
| [[Barcelona]]
| [[Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys|Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc]]
| rowspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | August 5
| [[Nice]]
| France
| [[Stade Charles-Ehrmann]]
|-
! colspan="5"| Total
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1,045,772 / 1,062,772 (98%)'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''$22,134,267'''
|-
|}

== Canceled dates ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of canceled concerts<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morse |first1=Steve |title=Madonna cancels tonight's concert |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8177219.html |journal=[[The Boston Globe]] |publisher=[[HighBeam Research]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924200853/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8177219.html |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=September 17, 2019 |date=June 6, 1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Takiff |first1=Jonathan |title=Madonna Cancels: From Breathless To Voiceless |url=http://articles.philly.com/1990-06-15/entertainment/25912698_1_blond-ambition-tour-liz-rosenberg-performances |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |access-date=September 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222135304/http://articles.philly.com/1990-06-15/entertainment/25912698_1_blond-ambition-tour-liz-rosenberg-performances |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |date=June 15, 1990 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hilkevitch |first1=Jon |title=Madonna cancels concert |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1990/05/25/madonna-cancels-concert/ |work=Chicago Tribune |access-date=September 18, 2019 |date=May 25, 1990 |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226065350/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-05-25/news/9002120822_1_massage-parlors-west-virginians-packets |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SunJournal" />
|-
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Date<br />(1990)
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| City
! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Country
! scope="col" style="width:16em;"| Venue
! scope="col" style="width:30em;"| Reason
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |May 25
|[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont]]
|rowspan=4|United States
|[[Rosemont Horizon]]
|rowspan=4|Vocal cord infection
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|June 6
|[[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]]
|[[The Centrum|Worcester Centrum]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |June 15
|[[Philadelphia]]
|[[Spectrum (arena)|The Spectrum]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |June 22
|[[East Rutherford]]
|[[Brendan Byrne Arena]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |July 11
|[[Rome]]
|Italy
|[[Stadio Flaminio]]
|Unions' strike and low ticket sales
|}

== Personnel ==
Adapted from the ''Blond Ambition World Tour 90'' program.<ref name=BATBook />
{{Div col}}

=== Band ===
*Madonna – creator, vocals
*[[Niki Haris]] – vocals
*[[Donna De Lory]] – vocals
*Jai Winding – keyboards
*Kevin Kendrick – keyboards
*David Williams – guitar
*[[Darryl Jones]] – bass
*[[Jonathan Moffett]] – drums
*Luis Conte – percussions

=== Dancers and choreographers ===
*[[Luis Camacho (dancer)|Luis Camacho]] – dancer
*Oliver Crumes – dancer
*Salim "Slam" Gauwloos – dancer
*[[Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza]] – dancer
*[[Kevin Stea]] – dancer
*Gabriel Trupin – dancer
*Carlton Wilborn – dancer
*[[Vincent Paterson]] – choreographer

=== Wardrobe ===
*[[Jean Paul Gaultier]] – designer
*Marlene Stewart – additional costumes

=== Crew ===
*Madonna – director
*[[Christopher Ciccone]] – artistic director
*Jai Winding – music director
*[[Freddy DeMann]] – personal manager
*John Draper – tour manager
*Chris Lamb – production manager
*Mike Grizel – road manager
*John McGraw – set designer
*Peter Morse – lighting director
*Joanne Gair – make-up, styling
*Julie Cherrow – massage therapist
*Robert Parr – fitness trainer
*Pamela Gatell – ambiance
*Liz Rosenberg – publicity
*Tom Hudak – stage manager
*Mark Micoli – video director
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Notelist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Baker|first1=William|last2=Minogue|first2=Kylie|title=Kylie: La La La|author-link2=Kylie Minogue|publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-340-73440-7|title-link=Kylie: La La La}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Benstock|first1=Shari|author-link=Shari Benstock|first2=Suzanne|last2=Ferriss|title=On Fashion|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8135-2033-9|year=1994|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/onfashion00pect}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bignell|first=Jonathan|title=Postmodern Media Culture|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-81-89833-16-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bruenger|first=David|title=Making Money, Making Music: History and Core Concepts|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-29259-8|year=2016}}
* {{Cite book|last=Buckley|first=Peter|title=The Rough Guide Rock: The Definitive Guide to More than 1200 Artists and Bands|publisher=[[Rough Guides]]|year=2003|isbn=978-1-84353-105-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetorock0003unse}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Ciccone|first1=Christopher|last2=Leigh|first2=Wendy|title=[[Life with My Sister Madonna]]|publisher=[[Simon Spotlight Entertainment]]|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4165-8762-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Clerk|first=Carol|title=Madonnastyle|year=2002|publisher=[[Music Sales Group|Omnibus Press]]|isbn=978-0-7119-8874-3}}
* {{Cite book|last2=Rees|first2=Dafydd|first1=Luke|last1=Crampton|title=Rock Movers and Shakers: An A-Z of People Who Made Rock Happen|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-0-87436-661-7|year=1991}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Dunn |first1= Leslie C.|last2=Jones|first2=Nancy A.|title=Embodied Voices: Representing Female Vocality in Western Culture|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-521-58583-5}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Fouz-Hernández|first1=Santiago|first2=Freya|last2=Jarman-Ivens|title=Madonna's Drowned Worlds|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|isbn=978-0-7546-3372-3|year=2004|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/madonnasdrownedw0000unse}}
* {{Cite book|last=Edwards|first=Katie B.|title=Rethinking Biblical Literacy|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-567-05098-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fryd|first=Hallie|title=Scandalous!: 50 Shocking Events You Should Know About (So You Can Impress Your Friends)|publisher=Zest Books LLC|year=2019|isbn=978-0-9827322-0-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/scandalous50shoc0000fryd}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Geczy|first1=Adam|first2=Vicki|last2=Karaminas|title=Queer Style|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1-84788-195-3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gnojewski|first=Carol|title=Madonna: Express Yourself|publisher=[[Enslow Publishing]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7660-2442-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/madonnaexpressyo0000gnoj}}
* {{Cite book|last=Guilbert|first=Georges-Claude|title=Madonna as postmodern myth|publisher=McFarland|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7864-1408-6|author-link=Georges Claude Guilbert}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Gunn|first1=Tim|last2=Calhoun|first2=Ada|author-link=Tim Gunn|title=Tim Gunn's Fashion Bible: The Fascinating History of Everything in Your Closet|year=2012|publisher=Gallery Books |isbn=978-1-4516-4387-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Inglis|first=Ian|title=Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-4057-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Koda|first=Harold|author-link=Harold Koda|title=Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed|publisher=[[The Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-300-10312-0}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Metz|first1=Allen|first2=Carol|last2=Benson|title=The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary|publisher=[[Music Sales Group]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8256-7194-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Morgan|first=Michelle|title=Madonna|publisher=[[Constable & Robinson]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4721-1886-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Lucy|title=[[Madonna: Like an Icon]]|year=2008|author-link=Lucy O'Brien|publisher=[[Bantam Press]]|isbn=978-0-593-05547-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=San Martin|first=Macarena|title=Fashion Details: 1,000 Ideas from Neckline to Waistline, Pockets to Pleats
|publisher=[[Rockport Publishers]]|year=2011|isbn=978-1-59253-716-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Courtney E.|title=Record Collecting for Girls: Unleashing Your Inner Music Nerd, One Album at a Time|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-547-50223-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/recordcollecting00smit}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Schwichtenberg|first1=Ramona Liera|first2=Deidre|last2=Pribram|first3=Dave|last3=Tetzlaff|first4=Ron|last4=Scott|title=The Madonna Connection: Representational Politics, Subcultural Identities, And Cultural Theory|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-367-29365-9|year=2019}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sexton|first=Adam|title=Desperately Seeking Madonna: In Search of the Meaning of the World's Most Famous Woman|year=1993|publisher=Delta Publishing Inc|isbn=978-0-385-30688-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385306881}}
* {{Cite book|last=Taraborrelli|first=J. Randy|title=[[Madonna: An Intimate Biography]]|author-link=J. Randy Taraborrelli|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-425-18669-5}}
* {{Cite book|author-link1=Yvonne Tasker|last=Tasker|first=Yvonne|title=Working Girls: Gender and Sexuality in Popular Cinema|year=1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-14005-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Voller|first=Debbie|title=Madonna: The Style Book|publisher=[[Music Sales Group|Omnibus Press]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7119-7511-8}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Blond Ambition World Tour}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141227054509/http://www.madonna.com/tour/index/tour/id/2 Madonna.com > Tours > Blond Ambition World Tour]

{{Madonna}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Madonna concert tours]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in music]]
[[Category:1990 concert tours]]
[[Category:Concert tours of Japan]]
[[Category:Concert tours of the United States]]
[[Category:Concert tours of Canada]]
[[Category:Concert tours of Sweden]]
[[Category:Concert tours of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Concert tours of Germany]]
[[Category:Concert tours of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Concert tours of France]]
[[Category:Concert tours of Italy]]
[[Category:Concert tours of Spain]]