View source for Bluefield State University

{{Short description|Historically black university in Bluefield, West Virginia, US}}
{{distinguish|text=the former Bluefield College, now known as [[Bluefield University]]}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Bluefield State University
 | native_name            = 
 | image                  = Bluefield state college seal.png
 | image_size             = 150
 | caption                = 
 | latin_name             = 
 | former_names           = Bluefield Colored Institute (1895–1932)<br>Bluefield State Teachers College (1932–1943)<br>Bluefield State College (1943–2022)
 | motto                  = "Accept The Challenge"
 | mottoeng               = 
 | established            = {{start date and age|1895|02|28}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/bluefield-state-college-founded/|title=Bluefield State College Founded}}</ref>
| endowment = $4.32 million (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://datausa.io/profile/university/bluefield-state-college|title=Bluefield State College}}</ref>
 | closed                 = 
 | type                   = [[Public university|Public]] [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black university]]
 | academic_affiliation   = {{hlist|[[Thurgood Marshall College Fund|TMCF]]|WVHEPC}}
 | officer_in_charge      = 
 | chairman               = 
 | chancellor             = 
 | president              = Darrin Martin
 | vice-president         = 
 | superintendent         = 
 | provost                = 
 | vice_chancellor        = 
 | rector                 = 
 | principal              = 
 | dean                   = 
 | director               = 
 | head_label             = 
 | head                   = 
 | faculty                = 
 | staff                  = 
 | students               = 1,301<ref name="enrollment">As of fall 2022. {{cite web | title=Enrollment | url=https://www.wvhepc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/HEPC_EnrollmentReport_2022.pdf? | publisher=West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission | access-date=20 March 2023 }}</ref>
 | undergrad              = 
 | postgrad               = 
 | doctoral               = 
 | city                   = [[Bluefield, West Virginia|Bluefield]]
 | state                  = [[West Virginia]]
 | country                = United States
 | coordinates            = {{Coord|37|15|54|N|81|14|24|W|display=inline,title}}
 | campus                 = Distant town<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Bluefield&s=all&id=237215|title=IOEDS-Bluefield State University}}</ref>
|campus_size = {{cvt|50|acre|km2}}
 | free_label             = Other campuses
| free = [[Beckley, West Virginia|Beckley]]
 | sports                 = 
 | colors                 = Blue and gold<br>{{color box|#102c52}} {{color box|#c1a458}}
 | colours                = 
 | sports_nickname        = Big Blue
 | mascot                 = Sir Blue
 | sporting_affiliations = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division II]] – [[Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association|CIAA]]|[[Conference Carolinas]]}}
 | website                = {{URL|https://bluefieldstate.edu/|bluefieldstate.edu}}
 | logo                   = BStateLogo.png
 | logo_size              = 120
 | footnotes              = 
|accreditation = [[Higher Learning Commission|HLC]]
}}

'''Bluefield State University''' is a [[Public university|public]] [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black university]] (HBCU) in [[Bluefield, West Virginia]]. The university is a member-school of the [[Thurgood Marshall College Fund]] but is now a predominantly white institution.<ref name=npr>{{cite news | last =Meraji | first =Shereen Marisol | author2 =Gene Demby | title =The Whitest Historically Black College In America | newspaper =[[NPR]] | date =October 18, 2013 | url =https://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/10/18/236345546/the-whitest-historically-black-college-in-america | archive-date =October 1, 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20201001142657/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/18/236345546/the-whitest-historically-black-college-in-america | url-status =live }}</ref>

==History==
The '''Bluefield Colored Institute''' was founded in 1895 as a "high-graded school" for African Americans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ambler |first=Charles H. |title=A History of Education in West Virginia: From Early Colonial Times to 1949 |publisher=Standard Printing and Publishing Company |year=1951 |location=Huntington, WV}}</ref> At that time, the West Virginia Constitution prohibited racially integrated public education. Bluefield was within 100 miles of 70% of the state's African American residents. The school was located on a steep {{convert|4|acre|km2|adj=on|spell=in}} site to the north side of the Norfolk & Western railroad tracks.

Principal [[Hamilton Hatter]] supervised the first class of 40 pupils. [[Nathan Cook Brackett]], an abolitionist and first president of Storer College, served as president of the board of regents.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brackett |first=Herbert Ierson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDk3AAAAMAAJ |title=Brackett Genealogy: Descendants of Anthony Brackett of Portsmouth and Captain Richard Brackett of Braintree. With Biographies of the Immigrant Fathers, Their Sons, and Others of Their Posterity |date=1907 |publisher=H. I. Brackett |language=en}}</ref> Hatter oversaw the construction of Mahood Hall, the administrative building, as well as dormitories Lewis Hall and West Hall. Mahood Hall was named for State Senator [[William Mahood]] (R-Mercer County), who wrote the institute's sponsoring legislation.

In 1906, Hatter was succeeded by [[Robert P. Sims]], who would lead the institute, then college, for three decades. In 1909, the institute became a normal school, adding the training of teachers to its curriculum. By 1920, enrollment climbed to 235, with summer sessions for teacher certification adding hundreds more. Campus growth followed enrollment gains, expanding to 23 acres and the addition of Payne and Conley Halls. Enrollment grew to more than six hundred on its "terraced hills."{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The President's House, later renamed Hatter Hall, was built in 1930 and added to the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2010 |title=National Register Information System |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP}}</ref>

In 1932, the State of West Virginia recognized the institute's success, accredited its education curriculum, and changed its name to '''Bluefield State Teachers College'''.

Sims' successor, Henry Dickason, was an institute alumnus and president from 1936 to 1952. In 1943, the state again accredited an expanded curriculum and renamed the school '''Bluefield State College'''.

Neither the city nor the college were isolated from the demonstrations and demands for civil rights that dominated much of the 1960s. African American students protested that the school administration was working actively to transform Bluefield State from a historic black residential college to a commuter college with predominantly white students.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://jacksonvillefreepress.com/this-school-is-the-whitest-hbcu-in-america/ | title=This School is the Whitest HBCU in America | date=18 April 2016 }}</ref> Tension persisted, and on November 21, 1968, a bomb exploded in the gymnasium. No one was injured, but the damage was extensive. A $5,000 reward was offered by Governor [[Hulett C. Smith]], and college president Wendell Hardway responded by closing all dormitories immediately and permanently. Students returning from Thanksgiving break found themselves locked out. The actions accelerated the college's transition to a majority white student body.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/10/18/236345546/the-whitest-historically-black-college-in-america|title=The Whitest Historically Black College In America|date=18 October 2013|work=NPR|access-date=24 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bomb Explodes at Bluefield State College |url=https://archive.wvculture.org/history/education/bscbombing06.html |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=archive.wvculture.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 25, 1968 |title=Negro Leader At BSC Is Arrested Conspiracy Charged In Bombing |work=Bluefield Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="wvencyclopedia.org">{{Cite web |title=e-WV {{!}} Bluefield State University |url=https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/567 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.wvencyclopedia.org}}</ref>

Despite these changes, overall enrollment remained strong through the succeeding decades. In 2003, the West Virginia Legislature created a community college system offering two-year degrees at new institutions across the state. Among them was New River Community and Technical College. Bluefield State was required to transfer all its two-year programs, except engineering and nursing, to New River. This resulted in losing approximately half of the college's enrollment.<ref name="wvencyclopedia.org"/> The succeeding years were of slow decline, with occasional calls from state legislators to merge the college with nearby Concord University.

In 2019, the board of trustees hired former West Liberty University president Robin Capehart as interim president.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=Associated Press |date=2018-07-05 |title=Report Urges Merging Governing Boards of 4 Colleges |url=https://wvpublic.org/report-urges-merging-governing-boards-of-4-colleges/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=West Virginia Public Broadcasting |language=en-US}}</ref> Later that year, Capehart and Governor [[Jim Justice]] announced the return to a residential campus with the groundbreaking for the first residence hall since the 1960s.

In 2020, Bluefield State acquired the former Bluefield Regional Medical Center property, adding 68 acres to the campus and naming the student facility the Medical Education Center Residence Hall.<ref name=fritz2020>{{cite news|last=Fritz|first=Douglas|date=21 December 2020|access-date=10 July 2024|title=Bluefield State College to acquire Bluefield Regional Medical Center|website=59 News|url=https://www.wvnstv.com/top-stories/bluefield-state-college-to-acquire-bluefield-regional-medical-center/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bluefieldstate.edu/bluefield/|title=Bluefield Campus|website=Bluefield State University|year=2024|access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref>  Former patient rooms were converted to residences; a cafeteria and lounge areas were built in time for the 2021–22 school year. Enrollment continued to grow during that time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boothe|first=Charles|title=Bluefield State College sees large increase in fall enrollment |url=https://www.bdtonline.com/news/local_news/bluefield-state-college-sees-large-increase-in-fall-enrollment/article_972935f9-715b-5bd3-8c5a-14bcc2cf3f64.html |access-date=10 July 2024|website=Bluefield Daily Telegraph |date=5 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>  Bluefield State leased back emergency department facilities to the Princeton Community Hospital, owners of the Bluefield Regional Medical Center.<ref name=fritz2020/>

In 2022, the state's Higher Education Planning Commission approved the college's first master's degree program, a [[Master of Business Administration]], and renamed the institution Bluefield State University.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Jeff |date=2022-05-12 |title=HEPC approves step toward university status for Bluefield State College |url=https://wvmetronews.com/2022/05/12/hepc-approves-step-toward-university-status-for-bluefield-state-college/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=WV MetroNews |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-03 |title=Bluefield State College in West Virginia Will Transition to University Status |url=https://www.jbhe.com/2022/06/bluefield-state-college-in-west-virginia-will-transition-to-university-status/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education}}</ref>

The university garnered national attention in 2022 after the university suspended the faculty senate and created a new review system for tenured faculty members; this was quickly followed by a vote of [[no confidence]] by the university's faculty. This prompted an investigation by the university's [[Higher education accreditation in the United States|accreditor]], the [[Higher Learning Commission]] (HLC), in September 2023. The commission's peer review team reported that the president and board of governors "do not operate with integrity in several academic and human resources functions," including accusations that the university president hired several faculty members without input from university faculty, that the president fired a staff member following their meeting with the peer review team, and that the university's governing board were "not making decisions in the best interest of the university". President Capehart resigned shortly after the report was delivered to the university.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsandsentinel.com/news/business/2023/11/report-leads-to-retirement-of-bluefield-state-president-capehart/ |title=Report leads to retirement of Bluefield State president Capehart |first=Steven Allen |last=Davis |publisher=[[The Parkersburg News and Sentinel]] |date=November 25, 2023 |access-date=November 27, 2023}}</ref> The HLC peer review team also recommended that the commission require the university to provide additional information to justify their accreditation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2023/11/27/bluefield-state-president-retired-after-accreditors-critical-report |title=Bluefield State President Retired After Accreditor's Critical Report |first=Doug |last=Lederman |publisher=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=November 27, 2023 |access-date=November 27, 2023}}</ref>

==Academics==
The university is organized into six colleges/schools:

* College of Arts and Sciences
* W. Paul Cole Jr. School of Business
* College of Engineering Technology
* College of Health Sciences
* School of Criminal Justice
* School of Education

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2022 student body racial composition
|-
!width=105px|Category!!Percent
|-
|White||75.9%
|-
|Black||20.1%
|-
|Hispanic||2.1%
|-
|*Other||1.1%
|-
|Non-Resident Immigrant
|0.7%
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note: This racial-ethnic group includes Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and other racial or ethnic categories not explicitly listed in the table.

As of the 2022–2023 school year, the student body is 59.3% female and 40.6% male.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Data and Publication Center |url=https://www.wvhepc.edu/resources/data-and-publication-center/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |publisher=West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Student life==
{| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Undergraduate demographics as of Fall 2023<ref>{{cite web |title= College Scorecard: Bluefield State University|url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?237215-Bluefield-State-University|website=College Scorecard |publisher=[[United States Department of Education]] |access-date=July 27, 2025}}</ref>
|-
! Race and ethnicity
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|align=right| {{bartable|72|%|2||background:cyan}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
|align=right| {{bartable|17|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]]
|align=right| {{bartable|5|%|2||background:violet}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|align=right| {{bartable|4|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| Unknown
|align=right| {{bartable|1|%|2||background:grey}} 
|-
! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |[[Economic diversity]]
|-
| [[American lower class|Low-income]]{{efn|The percentage of students who received an income-based federal [[Pell grant]] intended for low-income students.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|44|%|2||background:red}}
|-
| [[Affluence in the United States|Affluent]]{{efn|The percentage of students who are a part of the [[American middle class]] at the bare minimum.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|56|%|2||background:black}}
|}
Bluefield State became a residential university in 2021 for the first time since 1968.

=== Athletics ===
Bluefield State athletic teams are the Big Blue. There are 21 intercollegiate varsity sports and many intramural sports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intramurals {{!}} Bluefield State University |url=https://bluefieldstate.edu/campus-activities/intramurals |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=bluefieldstate.edu |language=en}}</ref>

Bluefield State belongs to the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) at the [[NCAA Division II]] level, primarily competing in the [[Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association]] (CIAA) since the 2023–24 academic year; its men's wrestling team is an affiliate of [[Conference Carolinas]]. Prior to this, Bluefield State competed as a [[NCAA Division II independent schools|D-II independent]] as well as an Independent in the [[United States Collegiate Athletic Association]] (USCAA) from 2013–14 to 2022–23, and as a member of the now defunct [[West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference]] (WVIAC) from 1955–56 to 2012–13.

In 2020, President Capehart announced the return of football to the athletics program for the first time since 1980. Eleven new sports were added as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bluefield State Returns Football And 11 Additional Sports For 2021-2022 {{!}} Bluefield State University |url=https://bluefieldstate.edu/community/news-and-events/bluefield-state-returns-football-and-11-additional-sports-2021-2022 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=bluefieldstate.edu |date=17 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

====History====
Sports have a prominent place in Bluefield State's past and recent history. Teams competed in the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association—now the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA)—from 1932 to 1955. In 1955, the college joined the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC) and remained there until its dissolution in 2013. It competed as an Independent until 2023 when it was re-admitted into the CIAA.

The archives of the WVIAC are housed at Bluefield State's Jefferson Library.

In 1927 and 1928, football teams (then the "Blue Devils") won Negro College Athletic Association national championships as announced by the ''Pittsburgh Courier''. In 2020, football began its return to campus with the hiring of head coach [[Tony Coaxum]]. In 2021, the team played its first games in 41 years and finished the season with a 4–3 record. In 2022, the team played its second season as an independent and finished 4–4. In 2023, the Big Blue competed in the CIAA for the first time in 70 years against other historically black colleges and universities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaither |first=Steven J. |date=2022-12-08 |title=CIAA expected to add Bluefield State, cut ties with Chowan |url=https://hbcugameday.com/2022/12/08/ciaa-expected-to-add-bluefield-state-cut-ties-with-chowan/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=HBCU Gameday |language=en-US}}</ref>

Men and women's basketball teams competed in the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC) from 1955 until its dissolution in 2013. The men's teams were tournament finalists in 1987 and 1988. The women's teams won conference titles in 1985, 1987, 1990 and 1993. Additionally, they won tournament titles in 1985 and 1993 and were finalists in 1986, 1989, 1992 and 1994.

The men's golf team won a WVIAC championship in 2011. In 2021, it won the USCAA national championship.

The men's tennis team won a WVIAC championship in 2012. It won an NCAA Regional championship in 2021 and competed in the Division II Finals for the first time.

The women's volleyball team won the USCAA championship in 2022.

The men's and women's track & field teams both won the USCAA championship in 2023.

==Notable alumni==
{{Main category|Bluefield State College alumni}}

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
* [https://gobstate.com/ Athletics website]

{{Colleges and universities in West Virginia}}
{{HBCU}}
{{Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund}}
{{Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association navbox}}
{{Conference Carolinas navbox}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Bluefield State College| ]]
[[Category:1895 establishments in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Historically black universities and colleges in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Public universities and colleges in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1895]]
[[Category:African-American history of West Virginia]]
[[Category:Historically segregated African-American schools in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Schools in Bluefield, West Virginia]]