View source for Bluenose

{{Short description|Unbeaten racing schooner}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=ital}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= Bluenose sailing 1921.jpg
|Ship caption= ''Bluenose'' sailing in 1921
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship name= ''Bluenose''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Smith and Rhuland]]
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched= 26 March 1921
|Ship registry={{flagicon|Canada|1921}} [[Lunenburg, Nova Scotia]]
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=April 1921
|Ship out of service= 1946
|Ship renamed=
|Ship fate= Foundered on reef 28 January 1946 off Île-à-Vache, Haiti
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
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|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Schooner]]
|Ship displacement=  {{convert|258|t|LT|abbr=on}}
|Ship length=*{{convert|43.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[o/a]]
*{{convert|34.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[Waterline length|lwl]]
|Ship beam=  {{convert|8.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= {{convert|4.85|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
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{{Infobox|child=yes
| label1 = Mainmast, height from deck
| data1 = {{convert|38.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| label2 = Foremast, height from deck
| data2 = {{convert|31.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| label3 = Sail area
| data3 = {{convert|930|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| label4 = Mainsail area
| data4 = {{convert|386|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
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'''''Bluenose''''' was a fishing and racing [[gaff rig]] [[schooner]] built in 1921 in Lunenburg, [[Nova Scotia]], Canada. A celebrated racing ship and fishing vessel, ''Bluenose'' under the command of [[Angus Walters]], became a provincial icon for Nova Scotia and an important Canadian symbol in the 1930s, serving as a working vessel until she was wrecked in 1946. Nicknamed the "Queen of the North Atlantic",<ref name=robinson4>Robinson, pp. 4–5</ref> she was later commemorated by the [[Bluenose one-design sloop]] (1946) and a [[Ship replica|replica]], ''[[Bluenose II]]'' (1963). The name ''Bluenose'' originated as a nickname for Nova Scotians from as early as the late 18th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novascotia.ca/archives/virtual/bluenose/results.asp?Search=&SearchList1=1&Language=English |title=How the Bluenose Got Its Name |last=Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management |date=27 July 2004 |publisher=Province of Nova Scotia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713175229/http://novascotia.ca/archives/virtual/bluenose/results.asp?Search=&SearchList1=1&Language=English |archive-date=13 July 2015 }}</ref>

==Design and description==
''Bluenose'' was designed by [[William James Roué]], and intended for both fishing and racing. Built to compete with [[schooner]]s from the United States for speed, the design that Roué originally drafted in late 1920 had a [[waterline length]] of {{convert|36.6|m|ftin}} which was {{convert|2.4|m|ftin}} too long for the competition. Sent back to redesign the schooner, Roué produced a revised outline. The accepted revision placed the inside ballast on top of the [[keel]] to ensure that it was as low as possible, improving the overall speed of the vessel.<ref>Robinson, p. 25</ref> One further alteration to the revised design took place during construction. The [[Bow (ship)|bow]] was raised by {{convert|0.5|m|ftin}} to allow more room in the [[forecastle]] for the crew to eat and sleep. The alteration was approved of by Roué. The change increased the [[Sheer (ship)|sheer]] in the vessel's bow, giving the schooner a unique appearance.<ref>Robinson, p. 28</ref>

The plans, that were accepted and later built, was a combination of the designs from shipbuilders in the United States and Nova Scotia that had been previously constructed for the [[North Atlantic]] fishing fleet. The vessel was built of Nova Scotian [[pine]], [[spruce]], [[birch]] and [[oak]] and the [[Mast (sailing)|masts]] were created from [[Douglas fir]].<ref>Robinson, pp. 25–26</ref> ''Bluenose'' had a [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] of {{convert|258|t|LT|lk=on}} and was {{convert|43.6|m|ftin}} [[Length overall|long overall]] and {{convert|34.1|m|ftin}} at the waterline. The vessel had a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|8.2|m|ftin}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|4.85|m|ftin}}.<ref name=robinson31>Robinson, p. 31</ref>

The schooner carried {{convert|930|m2}} of sail. ''Bluenose''{{'}}s mainmast reached {{convert|38.4|m|ftin}} above [[Deck (ship)|deck]] and the schooner's foremast reached {{convert|31.3|m|ftin}}. Her mainboom was {{convert|24.7|m|ftin}} and the schooner's foreboom was {{convert|9.9|m|ftin}}.<ref name=robinson31/> The vessel had a crew of 20 and her hull was painted black.<ref name=robinson4/> The vessel cost $35,000 to build.<ref name=robinson72>Robinson, p. 72</ref><ref group=note>Adjusted for inflation to 20{{CURRENTYEARYY}} dollars, ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|CA|35000|1921}}}}.</ref>

== Career ==
''Bluenose'' was constructed by [[Smith and Rhuland]] in [[Lunenburg, Nova Scotia|Lunenburg]], Nova Scotia. The schooner's keel was [[Keel laying|laid]] in 1920. The [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|the Duke of Devonshire]] drove a golden spike into the timber during the keel-laying ceremony.<ref>Robinson, p. 26</ref>  She was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 26 March 1921, and christened by Audrey Smith, daughter of the shipbuilder Richard Smith.<ref>Robinson, p. 29</ref><ref>McLaren, p. 70</ref> She was built to be a racing ship and fishing vessel, in response to the defeat of the Nova Scotian fishing schooner {{ship||Delawana|schooner|2}} by the [[Gloucester, Massachusetts]], fishing schooner {{ship||Esperanto|schooner|2}} in 1920, in a race sponsored by the ''[[Halifax Herald]]'' newspaper.<ref>Robinson, pp. 22, 25</ref>

''Bluenose'' was completed in April 1921 and performed her [[sea trial]]s out of Lunenburg. On 15 April, the schooner departed to fish for the first time.<ref name=robinson32>Robinson, p. 32</ref> ''Bluenose'', being a Lunenburg schooner, used the dory trawl method. Lunenburg schooners carried eight [[Banks dory|dories]], each manned by two members of the crew, called dorymen. From the dories, lines of strong twine up to {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long which had {{convert|3|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} lines with hooks on the end spaced every {{convert|3|m}} were released, supported at either end by buoys which acted as markers. The dorymen would haul in the catch and then return to the ship. This was done up to four times a day.<ref>Robinson, pp. 13–16</ref> The fishing season stretched from April to September and schooners stayed up to eight weeks at a time or until their holds were full.<ref>Robinson, p. 11</ref>

''Bluenose''{{'}}s [[Sea captain|captain]] and part owner for most of her fishing and racing career was [[Angus Walters]]. As Walters only had master's papers for home waters, ''Bluenose'' in some international races was sometimes under the command of the deep sea Lunenburg captain George Myra until the schooner reached the racing port.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marinecurator.blogspot.ca/2013/07/christina-o-from-snowy-nova-scotia-to.html |title=Christina O: From Snowy Nova Scotia to the Sunny Mediterranean, how a Canadian Frigate Became the World's Most Famous Super Yacht |website=The Marine Curator |publisher=Maritime Museum of the Atlantic |date=5 July 2013}}</ref> The crew of ''Bluenose'' during her fishing career were mostly from Lunenburg but also included several [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundlanders]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/virtual/bluenose/crew.asp?Letter=A&Language=English |title=Website Update – Nova Scotia Archives |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412080026/http://www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/virtual/bluenose/crew.asp?Letter=A&Language=English |archive-date=12 April 2013 }}</ref> Crew were paid either by the size of the catch when they returned to port or some took a share in the vessel, known as a "sixty-fourth".<ref>Robinson, p. 16</ref>

===Racing===
[[File:Bluenose vs. Gertrude L. Thebaud, Wallace R. MacAskill, 26 October, 1938.webm|thumb|left|''Bluenose'' vs. ''Gertrude L. Thebaud'', International Fishermen's Cup, 1938, final race]]
After a season fishing on the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]] under the command of Angus Walters, ''Bluenose'' set out to  take part in her first [[International Fisherman's Cup]]. The International Fisherman's Cup was awarded to the fastest fishing schooner that worked in the North Atlantic deepsea fishing industry. The fastest schooner had to win two out of three races in order to claim the trophy.<ref>Robinson, pp. 19–20</ref> The Canadian elimination race to determine who would represent Canada in the 1921 International Fishermen's Trophy race off [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] took place in early October. A best two-out-of-three competition, ''Bluenose'' won the first two races easily.<ref>Robinson, pp. 33–35</ref> ''Bluenose'' then defeated the American challenger ''Elsie'', for the International Fishermen's Trophy, returning it to Nova Scotia in October 1921.<ref>Robinson, p. 40</ref> The following year, ''Bluenose'' defeated the American challenger ''Henry S. Ford'', this time in American waters off Gloucester.<ref>Robinson, p. 45</ref> ''Henry S. Ford'' had been constructed in 1921 based on a design intended to defeat ''Bluenose''.<ref>Robinson, p. 41</ref>

In 1923, ''Bluenose'' faced ''Columbia'', another American [[yacht]] newly designed and constructed to defeat the Canadian schooner. The International Fishermen's Trophy race was held off Halifax in 1923 and new rules were put in place preventing ships from passing marker [[buoy]]s to landward. During the first race, the two schooners duelled inshore, the rigging of the vessels coming together. However, ''Bluenose'' won the first race. During the second race, ''Bluenose'' broke the new rule and was declared to have lost the race. Angus Walters protested the decision and demanded that no vessel be declared winner. The judging committee rejected his protest, which led Walters to remove ''Bluenose'' from the competition. The committee declared the competition a tie, and the two vessels shared the prize money and the title.<ref>Robinson, pp. 46–50</ref> The anger over the events led to an eight-year hiatus in the race.<ref>Robinson, p. 50</ref>

In 1925, a group of Halifax businessmen ordered the construction of a schooner designed to defeat ''Bluenose''. ''Haligonian'' was launched that year and a race was organized between the two ships. However, while returning to port with her catch, ''Haligonian'' [[Ship grounding|ran aground]] in the [[Strait of Canso]]. The vessel required repairs and the race with ''Bluenose'' was cancelled. In 1926, a new race was organized, which ''Bluenose'' won easily.<ref>Robinson, pp. 51–53</ref> A new American schooner was designed and built in 1929–1930 to defeat ''Bluenose'', {{ship||Gertrude L. Thebaud}}.<ref>Robinson, p. 54</ref> She was the last schooner of her type constructed for the fishing fleet in Gloucester.<ref name=robinson58>Robinson, p. 58</ref> In 1930 off Gloucester, Massachusetts, ''Bluenose'' was defeated 2–0 in the inaugural [[Sir Thomas Lipton International Fishing Challenge Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |first=James |last=Robbins |title=Thebaud wins cup by second victory |newspaper=The New York Times |date=19 October 1930}}</ref> The second race was controversial, as it was called off due to weather issues both times ''Bluenose'' took the lead. The following year, ''Gertrude L. Thebaud'' challenged ''Bluenose'' for the International Fisherman's Trophy. ''Bluenose'' won handily, beating the American schooner in both races.<ref>Robinson, pp. 56–57</ref>

Fishing schooners became obsolete during the 1930s, displaced by motor schooners and trawlers. [[Salt cod]], the main fishing industry in the North Atlantic had been surpassed by the fresh fish industry requiring faster vessels.<ref name=robinson58/> In 1933, ''Bluenose'' was invited to the [[World's Fair]] in [[Chicago]], stopping in [[Toronto]] on her return voyage. In 1935, ''Bluenose'' sailed to [[Plymouth]] after being invited as part of the [[Silver Jubilee]] of King [[George V]]. During her visit, she took part in a race with schooner-yachts, specifically designed for racing. ''Bluenose'' came third.<ref>Robinson, pp. 60–61</ref> On her return trip to Nova Scotia, ''Bluenose'' encountered a strong gale that lasted for three days. Enough damage was done to the schooner that ''Bluenose'' was forced to return to Plymouth to effect repairs. She was made seaworthy enough to sail to Lunenburg where further repairs were done.<ref>Robinson, p. 62</ref> In 1936, ''Bluenose'' had [[diesel engine]]s installed and topmasts removed to allow the schooner to remain on the fishing grounds year-round.<ref>Robinson, pp. 62–63, 69</ref>

In 1937, ''Bluenose'' was challenged once more by the American schooner ''Gertrude L. Thebaud'' in a best-of-five series of races for the International Fisherman's Trophy. However, the financial difficulties of the owners of ''Bluenose'' almost prevented the race from going ahead. Furthermore, ''Bluenose''{{'}}s sailing gear had been placed in storage after the schooner had been refitted with diesel engines. It was only with the intervention of American private interests that ''Bluenose'' was made ready for the race. Beginning on 9 October 1938, the first race, off [[Boston]], was won by ''Gertrude L. Thebaud''. ''Bluenose'' won the second which was sailed off Gloucester, but a protest over the ballast aboard ''Bluenose'' led to modifications to the schooner. She was found to be too long at the waterline for the competition. The alterations completed, ''Bluenose'' won the third race sailed off Gloucester, by an even greater margin than the second race. During the fourth race sailed off Boston, the topmast of ''Bluenose'' snapped, which contributed to ''Gertrude L. Thebaud''{{'}}s win. The fifth race, sailed off Gloucester was won by ''Bluenose'', retaining the trophy for the Nova Scotians. This was the last race of the fishing schooners of the North Atlantic.<ref>Robinson, pp. 64–68</ref>

===Coastal trade and fate===
During World War II, ''Bluenose'' remained at dock in Lunenburg. No longer profitable, the vessel was sold to the [[West Indies Trading Company]] in 1942. The vessel was once again stripped of masts and rigging and converted into a coastal freighter for work in the Caribbean Sea, carrying various cargoes between the islands. Laden with bananas, she struck a coral reef off [[Île à Vache]], Haiti, on 28 January 1946. Wrecked beyond repair, with no loss of life, the schooner was abandoned on the reef. The vessel broke apart on the reef.<ref>Robinson, pp. 70–71</ref>

Various divers and film makers have claimed to have found the wreck of ''Bluenose'', most recently in June 2005 by divers from the Caribbean Marine Institute searching for [[Henry Morgan]]'s ship {{HMS|Oxford|1660|6}}.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} However, the large number of wrecks on the reef at Île à Vache and the scattered condition of the wreckage has made identification difficult.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blueworldexpeditions.com/sir-henry-morgan.html|title=Sir Henry Morgan|website=Blue World Expeditions|access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ontario-sailor-resumes-hunt-for-schooner/article4165343/|title=Ontario sailor resumes hunt for schooner|work=The Globe and Mail |last=Cox |first=Kevin |date=3 July 2000 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref>

==Fame and commemoration==
[[File:Canada bluenose 1928 issue-50c.jpg|thumb|''Bluenose'' postage stamp of 1929]]
''Bluenose'', under full sail, is portrayed on the [[Bluenose (postage stamp)|Bluenose postage stamp]] 50-cent issued by the Canadian government on 6 January 1929.<ref>Robinson, pp. 4, 59</ref> ''Bluenose'' has been featured on a 1982 60-cent stamp that commemorated the International Philatelic Youth Exhibition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://postagestampguide.com/stamps/16193/bluenose-1929-1982-canada-postage-stamp-international-philatelic-youth-exhibition|title=Bluenose, 1929 - Canada Postage Stamp {{!}} International Philatelic Youth Exhibition|website=postagestampguide.com|access-date=2020-03-04}}</ref> ''Bluenose'' is featured on a 1988 37-cent issue that celebrated ''Bluenose'' skipper Angus Walters.<ref>Robinson, p. 4</ref> The ''Bluenose'' stamp is the [[MacGuffin]] of ''[[Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller]]'', a 1988 fantasy movie about young stamp collectors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osipova |first=Taisia |date=2021-10-08 |title=Stamps in the Movies - Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller |url=https://stamps.org/news/c/news/cat/stamp-movies/post/stamps-in-the-movies-tommy-trickster-and-the-stamp-traveller |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008143028/https://stamps.org/news/c/news/cat/stamp-movies/post/stamps-in-the-movies-tommy-trickster-and-the-stamp-traveller |archive-date=2021-10-08 |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=American Philatelic Society}}</ref>

''Bluenose'' also appears on the current Nova Scotia [[Vehicle registration plates of Nova Scotia|license plate]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://novascotia.ca/news/release/?id=20111028005 |title=Province Redesigns Vehicle Licence Plates |publisher=Nova Scotia |date=28 October 2011 |access-date=3 October 2021 }}</ref> The fishing schooner on the [[Dime (Canadian coin)|Canadian dime]], added in 1937 at the height of fame for ''Bluenose'', was actually based on a composite image of ''Bluenose'' and two other schooners, but has for years been commonly known as ''Bluenose''. In 2002, the government of Canada declared the depiction on the dime to be ''Bluenose''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/boat-on-dime-is-bluenose/article1022195/|title=Boat on dime is Bluenose|last=Auld|first=Alison|date=16 March 2002 |agency=Canadian Press |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=3 November 2021 }}</ref>

''Bluenose'' appears on a 2021 commemorative [[Canadian silver dollar|silver dollar]] issued by the [[Royal Canadian Mint]], in honour of its centennial. The obverse of the coin depicts King George V, who was Canada's head of state in 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mint.ca/store/coins/proof-silver-dollar-%E2%80%93-100th-anniversary-of-embluenoseem-2021-prod3720017 |title=Proof Silver Dollar – 100th Anniversary of Bluenose (2021) |publisher=Royal Canadian Mint |access-date=14 August 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115174122/https://www.mint.ca/store/coins/proof-silver-dollar-%E2%80%93-100th-anniversary-of-embluenoseem-2021-prod3720017 |archive-date=15 January 2021 }}</ref>

''Bluenose'' and her captain, Angus Walters, were included into the [[Canadian Sports Hall of Fame]] in 1955, making her the first and only non-human inductee until 1960, when she was joined by Canadian [[hydroplane (boat)|hydroplane]] champion ''[[Miss Supertest III]]''. That same year another honour was bestowed upon the sailing ship when a new [[Canadian National Railways]] passenger-vehicle [[ferry]] for the inaugural [[Yarmouth, Nova Scotia|Yarmouth]]–[[Bar Harbor, Maine|Bar Harbor]] service was launched as MV ''Bluenose''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9711/02/farewell.bluenose/|title=Last voyage of The Bluenose |date=2 November 1997|work=CNN |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

Canadian folk singer [[Stan Rogers]] wrote a song entitled "Bluenose" celebrating the ship. It appears on his albums ''[[Turnaround (Stan Rogers album)|Turnaround]]'' and ''[[Home in Halifax]]'' (live).

==Legacy==

===''Bluenose II''===
{{main|Bluenose II}}
In 1963, a replica of ''Bluenose'' was built at Lunenburg using the original ''Bluenose'' plans and named {{ship||Bluenose II}}. The replica was built by Smith and Rhuland, sponsored by the Oland Company.<ref name="robinson72"/> It was used as a marketing tool for the Oland Brewery [[Schooner Lager]] beer brand and as a pleasure yacht for the Oland family. ''Bluenose II'' was sold to the government of Nova Scotia in 1971 for the sum of $1 or 10 Canadian dimes. The replica schooner is used for tourism promotion as a "sailing ambassador". In honour of her predecessor's racing record, ''Bluenose II'' does not officially race. The replica has undergone several refits to extend her life. This vessel was decommissioned and dismantled in 2010, and an entirely new ''Bluenose'' (also named ''Bluenose II'', since Transport Canada deemed it a "reconstruction") was built as close to the original schooner deemed necessary and launched in Lunenburg in 2013. Various subcomponents for this ''Bluenose II'' project were supplied from notable firms including the ships keel at Snyder's Shipyard in Dayspring, the ships backbone of laminated ribs at Covey Island Boatworks in [[Riverport, Nova Scotia|Riverport]] and assembly of the vessel in Lunenburg. Much controversy has surrounded the vessel due to overspending on the "refit". After further repairs ownership of the restored ''Bluenose II'' was returned to the province of Nova Scotia and she began a tour of Nova Scotia ports in the summer of 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bluenose.novascotia.ca/schedule|title=Schedule|website=bluenose.novascotia.ca |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>

''Bluenose II'' spends much of the year tied up at the Lunenburg Foundry wharf in its home port of Old Town Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, a UNESCO World Heritage site and origin of its predecessor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bluenose.novascotia.ca/home-port|title=Home Port|website=bluenose.novascotia.ca |access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref> In the summer, the schooner tours the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, routinely stopping in ports across Nova Scotia, as well as Montreal, Quebec City and many ports of call in the United States, serving as a goodwill ambassador and promoting tourism in Nova Scotia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novascotia.ca/archives/bluenose/results.asp?Search=&SearchList1=12&Language=English|title=Bluenose II: Goodwill Ambassador (1971- )|website=novascotia.ca |access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref> In the summer months, the schooner also offers onboard tours and harbour cruises.

In mid-2020, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|COVID-19 pandemic]] lockdown, ''Bluenose II'' restricted its summer tour to Nova Scotia ports. The schooner's 20-person crew formed a Bluenose quarantine bubble for training, maintenance and sailing, and its visits to ports aside from Lunenburg were restricted to at-anchors or sail-pasts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bluenose.novascotia.ca/schedule|title=Schedule|website=bluenose.novascotia.ca |access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref>

===''Bluenose IV''===
In 2007, Joan Roué, the great-granddaughter of ''Bluenose'' designer William Roué, started raising funds to build a new ''Bluenose''. She cited the need for a new ambassador for Nova Scotia and Canada, listing the particulars at a ''Bluenose IV'' website.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.schoonerbluenose.ca/ |title=schoonerbluenose.ca |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915095345/http://www.schoonerbluenose.ca/ |archive-date=15 September 2008 }}</ref> The name ''Bluenose III'' is owned by the province of Nova Scotia, and Roué could not reach an agreement for its use on the new schooner; Roué and North Atlantic Enterprises proceeded anyway, under the name ''Bluenose IV''.  An agreement was reached with Snyder's Shipyard to build the new replica when fundraising was completed. However, as of 2009, Roué had not succeeded in raising the required funds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southshorenow.ca/archives/2009/071409/news/index024.php |title=Roué Looks for 7 Million for Bluenose IV |work=southshorenow.ca |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706203738/http://www.southshorenow.ca/archives/2009/071409/news/index024.php |archive-date=6 July 2011 |date=14 July 2009 |last=Hirtle |first=Robert |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> The effort came to an end when the Province of Nova Scotia and the Canadian federal government constructed the new ''Bluenose II'' in 2013.<ref>Blakely, Stephen (2013). Opt cit.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of schooners]]

== References ==
===Notes===
{{reflist|group=note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last=McLaren |first=Keith |year=2006 |title=A Race for Real Sailors: The Bluenose and the International Fisherman's Race 1920 – 1938 |url=https://archive.org/details/raceforrealsailo0000mcla |url-access=registration |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |location=Vancouver |isbn=978-1-55365-162-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Ernest Fraser |year=1998 |title=The Saga of the Bluenose |publisher=Vanwell Publishing |location=St. Catharines, Ontario |isbn=1-55125-009-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sagaofbluenose0000robi }}

==Further reading==
* {{cite magazine |last=Coggswell |first=John F. |date=October 1930 |magazine=Popular Mechanics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOIDAAAAMBAJ&q=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&pg=PA610 |title=The Fisherman's Race |pages=610–614 |volume=54 |number=4 |publisher=Popular Mechanics Company |location=Chicago}}
* {{cite book |last=de Villiers |first=Marq |author-link=Marq de Villiers |date=2007 |title=Witch in the Wind:The True Story of the Legendary Bluenose |url=https://archive.org/details/witchinwindtrues0000devi |url-access=registration |location=Toronto |publisher=Thomas Allen }}
* {{cite book |last=Getson |first=Heather-Anne |date=2006 |title=Bluenose: The Ocean Knows Her Name |location=Halifax |publisher=Nimbus Publishing }}
* {{cite book |last1=Higgins |first1=Andrew |first2=Jesse I. |last2=Spalding III |title=World War II Adventures of Canada's Bluenose |date=1998 |isbn=978-0966307306 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldwariiadvent00higg }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bluenose (ship, 1921)}}
*[http://modelshipbuilder.com/page.php?41 ''Bluenose'' Model Builder]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024140946/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/bluenose ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'', The ''Bluenose'']

{{1946 shipwrecks}}
{{Portal bar|Canada|Nova Scotia}}

[[Category:Provincial symbols of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]
[[Category:Schooners]]
[[Category:Maritime history of Canada]]
[[Category:Tall ships of Canada]]
[[Category:Ships built in Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:1921 ships]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Sailboat type designs by William James Roué]]