View source for Body fluid

{{Short description|Liquids inside of the body, sometimes excreted or secreted}}
{{human-centric}}
[[File:Cellular Fluid Content.jpg|thumb|Intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. The extracellular fluid compartment is further subdivided into the interstitial fluid and the intravascular fluid compartments.]]
'''Body fluids''', '''bodily fluids''', or '''biofluids''', sometimes '''body liquids''', are [[liquid]]s within the [[Body (biology)|body]] of an organism.<ref name="Tabers_BodyFluid">{{Cite web |title=body fluid |url=https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/748149/all/fluid?q=body+fluid#4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621125044/https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/748149/all/fluid?q=body+fluid |archive-date=2021-06-21 |access-date=2021-06-22 |website=Taber's online – Taber's medical dictionary}}</ref> In lean healthy adult men, the total [[body water]] is about 60% (60–67%) of the total [[Human body weight|body weight]]; it is usually slightly lower in women (52–55%).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2016 |title=The water in you |url=https://water.usgs.gov/edu/propertyyou.html |publisher=[[Howard Perlman]]}}</ref><ref name="lote">{{cite book |last=Lote |first=Christopher J. |title=Principles of Renal Physiology, 5th edition |publisher=Springer |page=2}}</ref> The exact percentage of fluid relative to body weight is inversely proportional to the percentage of body fat. A lean {{Convert|70|kg|lb|abbr=on}} man, for example, has about 42 (42–47) liters of water in his body.

The total body of water is divided into [[fluid compartments]],<ref name=Tabers_BodyFluid /> between the [[Fluid compartments#Intracellular compartment|intracellular fluid]] compartment (also called space, or volume) and the [[extracellular fluid]] (ECF) compartment (space, volume) in a two-to-one ratio: 28 (28–32) liters are inside cells and 14 (14–15) liters are outside cells.

The ECF compartment is divided into the [[interstitial fluid]] volume – the fluid outside both the cells and the blood vessels – and the [[Blood vessel|intravascular]] volume (also called the vascular volume and [[blood plasma]] volume) – the fluid inside the blood vessels – in a three-to-one ratio: the interstitial fluid volume is about 12 liters; the vascular volume is about 4 liters.

The interstitial fluid compartment is divided into the [[lymphatic fluid]] compartment – about 2/3, or 8 (6–10) liters, and the [[transcellular fluid]] compartment (the remaining 1/3, or about 4 liters).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santambrogio |first=Laura |date=2018 |title=The Lymphatic Fluid |journal=International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=337 |pages=111–133 |doi=10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.12.002 |isbn=9780128151952 |pmid=29551158}}</ref>

The vascular volume is divided into the [[venous]] volume and the [[arterial]] volume; and the arterial volume has a conceptually useful but unmeasurable subcompartment called the [[effective arterial blood volume]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vesely |first1=David L |year=2013 |title=Natriuretic Hormones |journal=Seldin and Giebisch's the Kidney |pages=1241–1281 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-381462-3.00037-9 |isbn=9780123814623}}</ref>

==Compartments by location==
* [[Fluid compartments#Intracellular compartment|intracellular fluid]] (ICF), which consist of [[cytosol]] and fluids in the [[cell nucleus]]<ref name="Liachovitzky2015">{{Cite web |last=Liachovitzky |first=Carlos |year=2015 |title=Human Anatomy and Physiology Preparatory Course |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bx_oers/1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823135557/http://academicworks.cuny.edu/bx_oers/1/ |archive-date=2017-08-23 |access-date=2021-06-22 |website=CUNY Bronx Community College |publisher=CUNY Academic Works |page=69 |format=pdf}}</ref>
* [[Extracellular fluid]]
** [[Blood plasma|Intravascular fluid]] (blood plasma)
** [[Extracellular fluid#Interstitial fluid|Interstitial fluid]]
** [[Lymph|Lymphatic fluid]] (sometimes included in interstitial fluid)
** [[Extracellular fluid#transcelluar fluid|Transcellular fluid]]

==Health==
===Clinical samples===
Clinical samples are generally defined as non-infectious human or animal materials including [[blood]], [[saliva]], [[excreta]], [[body tissue]] and [[tissue fluid]]s, and also [[pharmaceuticals|FDA-approved pharmaceuticals]] that are [[blood products]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140810042829/http://www.fedex.com/us/packaging/guides/Clinical_fxcom.pdf Packaging Guidelines for Clinical Samples] - Retrieved 7 August 2014.</ref>  In medical contexts, it is a specimen taken for [[Medical diagnosis|diagnostic examination]] or evaluation, and for identification of [[disease]] or condition.<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/specimen specimen] - The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 7 August 2014</ref>

==See also==
* [[Basic reproduction number]]
* [[Blood-borne disease]]s
* [[Clinical pathology]]
* [[Humorism]]
* [[Hygiene]]
* [[Ritual cleanliness]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Paul Spinrad. (1999) ''The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids''. Juno Books. {{ISBN|1-890451-04-5}}
* John Bourke. (1891) ''{{sic|hide=y|Scat|alogic}} Rites of All Nations''. Washington, D.C.: W.H. Lowdermilk.

==External links==
* {{cite book |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK200967/ |title=Neurobiology of Body Fluid Homeostasis: Transduction and Integration |vauthors=De Luca LA, Menani JV, Johnson AK |date=2014 |publisher=CRC Press/Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781466506930 |location=Boca Raton |pages=<!--X–Y-->}}

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[[Category:Body fluids| ]]
[[Category:Medical diagnosis]]
[[Category:Medical terminology]]