View source for Bogotá

{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Colombia}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Bogotá
| settlement_type    = [[Capital city]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border      = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style = 
| perrow      = 1/2/3/1
| caption_align = center
| image1      = BOGOTA CITY (cropped).jpg
| caption1    = Skyline of the [[Centro Internacional de Bogotá|International District of Bogotá]] with the [[List of tallest buildings in Colombia|tallest buildings in Colombia]]
| image2      = Bogota, Colombia (36668708290).jpg
| caption2    = [[La Candelaria, Bogotá|La Candelaria]]
| image3      = Museo-del-Oro-Fachada_(27842494739).jpg
| caption3    = [[Gold Museum, Bogotá|Gold Museum]]
| image4      = Fachada_museo_nacional.JPG
| caption4    = [[Colombian National Museum|National Museum]]
| image5      = Santuario_de_Monserrate,_Bogotá.jpg
| caption5    = [[Monserrate Sanctuary]]
| image6      = Bogotá_parque_Nacional_Monumento_a_Rafael_Uribe_Uribe.JPG
| caption6    = [[National Park (Bogotá)|National Park]]
| image7      = 56_-_Bogota_-_Décembre_2008.jpg
| caption7    = [[Plaza de Bolívar, Bogotá|Bolívar Square]], with [[Palace of Justice of Colombia|Palace of Justice]] (left), [[Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá|Primatial Cathedral]] (center) and [[Capitolio Nacional|National Capitol]] (right)
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Bogotá.svg
| image_shield       = Bogota (escudo).svg
| image_blank_emblem = City Branding of Bogota.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = [[Wordmark]]
| blank_emblem_size  = 160px
| nicknames          = "La Atenas Suramericana"<br/><small>("The South American Athens")</small>
"La Ciudad de Todos"<br/><small>("The City of Everyone")</small>
"La Nevera"<br/>
<small>(The Fridge")</small>
"La Capital Mundial del Teatro"<br/><small>("The Theater Capital of the World")</small>
"Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad "<br/><small>("The Noblest and Most Loyal City")</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=7672|title=Consulta de la Norma|website=Alcaldiabogota.gov.co|access-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708144320/http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=7672|archive-date=8 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bogotaturismo.gov.co/bandera-escudo-e-himno-de-bogota|title=Bandera, Escudo e Himno de Bogotá – Instituto Distrital de Turismo|website=bogotaturismo.gov.co|access-date=19 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305193146/http://bogotaturismo.gov.co/bandera-escudo-e-himno-de-bogota|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref>
| motto              = ''"Bogotá Reverdece"''<br/><small>("Bogotá Green", 2020–2023)</small>{{force singular}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-frame-coord = {{coord|4|40|30|N|74|4|20|W|}}
| mapframe-frame-height = 300
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| pushpin_map        = Colombia#South America
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Colombia]] and [[South America]]
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| coordinates        = {{coord|4|42|40|N|74|4|20|W|region:CO_type:city(7332788)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Colombia]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Departments of Colombia|Department]]
| subdivision_name2  = Capital District
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1538
* Pre-Hispanic Times: [[Bacatá]]
* 6 August 1538 (official): Santa Fe de Bogotá<ref name="HendersonDelpar2000">{{cite book|last1=Henderson|first1=James D.|last2=Delpar|first2=Helen|last3=Brungardt|first3=Maurice Philip|author4=Richard N. Weldon|title=A reference guide to Latin American history|url=https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto00hend|url-access=registration|access-date=5 August 2011|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-1-56324-744-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto00hend/page/61 61]}}</ref>
| founder            = [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]]
| leader_title       = [[Superior Mayor of Bogotá|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Carlos Fernando Galán]]<br /><small>(2024–2027)</small>
| area_total_km2     = 1587
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 307.36
| area_rank          = [[List of Colombian Departments by area|32nd]]
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=Alcaldia>{{cite web |url= http://www.bogota.gov.co/portel/libreria/php/01.270701.html |title= Bogotá una ciudad Andina |publisher= la Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá. |access-date= 19 November 2010 |language= es |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131211213043/http://portel.bogota.gov.co/portel/libreria/php/01.270701.html |archive-date= 11 December 2013 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 2640
| population_total   = 8,034,649<ref name="Largest cities or towns">{{Cite web|url= https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/numero-de-habitantes-de-bogota-segun-el-censo-del-dane-384540|title= Hay más de 7 millones de habitantes en Bogotá, según cifras del censo|date= 4 July 2019|publisher= El Tiempo|access-date= 6 July 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190706164825/https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/numero-de-habitantes-de-bogota-segun-el-censo-del-dane-384540|archive-date= 6 July 2019|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf |title=Information |date=2019 |website=www.dane.gov.co |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-date=29 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229221149/https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Poblacion Municipal DANE">{{cite web|title=Poblacion Municipal DANE|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/Municipal_area_1985-2020.xls|access-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221100916/http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/Municipal_area_1985-2020.xls|archive-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2005 Census">{{cite web |url=https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/censo-general-2005-1 |title=2005 Census |publisher=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística DANE |access-date=10 February 2012 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203211228/https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/censo-general-2005-1 |archive-date=3 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="World Urbanization Prospects">{{Cite web|url= http://luminocity3d.org/WorldCity/#3/-7.28/-75.94|title= World City Populations 1950 – 2030|author= Duncan Smith|access-date= 18 December 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151213213715/http://luminocity3d.org/WorldCity/#3/-7.28/-75.94|archive-date= 13 December 2015|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="GLOBAL CITY POPULATIONS">{{Cite news|url= http://www.economist.com/node/21642053|title= Bright lights, big cities. Urbanisation and the rise of the megacity|newspaper= The Economist|publisher= economist.com|access-date= 23 December 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151214081818/http://www.economist.com/node/21642053|archive-date= 14 December 2015|url-status= dead}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = 13107
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 68700
| population_urban   = 7968095
| population_rank    = [[List of cities in South America|3rd]] in South America<br />[[List of cities in Colombia by population|1st]] in Colombia
| population_demonym = Bogotan<br/>''bogotano'', ''-na'', ''rolo'' (informal), ''cachaco'' (informal)
([[Spanish language|es]])
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 11XXXX
| area_code          = +57 601
| demographics_type1 = GDP {{Nobold|(Nominal, 2023)}}
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_col.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Colombia Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)|access-date=2024-01-11|archive-date=22 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122013316/https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_col.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Metro
| demographics1_info1 = [[US$]]121.8 billion
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
| demographics1_info2 = US$10,500
| website            = {{URL|https://bogota.gov.co/}}
| footnotes          = 
| timezone           = [[Colombia Standard Time|COT]]
| utc_offset         = -05:00
| blank_name         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info         = 0.835<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|green|very high}} · [[List of Colombian departments by Human Development Index|1st of 33]]
| blank_name_sec2    = Primary Airport
| blank_info_sec2    = [[El Dorado International Airport]]<br />BOG (Major/International)
| blank1_name_sec2   = Secondary Airport
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[Military Transport Air Command (Colombian Air Force)|CATAM]]<br />''none'' (Military)<br />[[Guaymaral Airport]]<br />''none'' (Private Activities)
| blank2_name_sec2   = [[Bus rapid transit]]
| blank2_info_sec2   = [[TransMilenio]]
| blank3_name_sec2   = [[Bike path|Bike Paths]]
| blank3_info_sec2   = [[Bogotá's Bike Paths Network|R2-R29]]
| blank4_name_sec2   = [[Rapid Transit]]
| blank4_info_sec2   = [[Bogotá Metro]] (first line expected to start service in 2028)
| blank5_name_sec2   = Tramway
| blank5_info_sec2   = [[Trams in Bogotá]]<br />[[Teleférico de Monserrate]]
| blank3_name_sec1   = Largest [[Locality (settlement)|locality]] by area
| blank3_info_sec1   = [[Sumapaz]] – {{convert|780.96|km2|sqmi}}
| blank4_name_sec1   = Largest locality by population
| blank4_info_sec1   = [[Suba, Bogotá|Suba]] (1.218.213 – 2015 est)
| blank5_name_sec1   = Largest locality by [[GDP]]
| blank5_info_sec1   = [[Chapinero]] – US$54 billion
| official_name      = Bogotá, Distrito Capital
| imagesize          = 294x480px
| population_metro   = 11658211
}}

[[File:Sabana de Bogota.png|right|280px|thumb|The Bogotá savanna is the high plateau in the Andes where Bogotá is located. The flatlands are clearly visible in the topography and the result of a [[Pleistocene]] lake; Lake Humboldt, that existed until around 30,000 years BP]]

'''Bogotá''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|oʊ|ɡ|ə|ˈ|t|ɑː}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Bogotá|access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bogota|title=Bogotá|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530192557/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bogota|archive-date=30 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|b|ɒ|ɡ|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|b|oʊ|ɡ|ə|t|ɑː}},<ref>[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Bogotá "Bogotá"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530192529/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Bogot%25C3%25A1 |date=30 May 2019 }} (US) and {{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Bogot%C3%A1 |title=Bogotá |dictionary=[[Lexico|Oxford Dictionaries]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> {{IPA|es|boɣoˈta|-|Bogotá.ogg}}), officially '''Bogotá, Distrito Capital''', abbreviated '''Bogotá, D.C.''', and formerly known as '''Santa Fe de Bogotá''' ({{IPA|es|ˌsanta ˈfe ðe βoɣoˈta|lang}}; {{lit|Holy Faith of Bogotá}}) during the Spanish Imperial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the [[capital city|capital]] and largest city of [[Colombia]]. The city is administered as the Capital District, as well as the capital of, though not politically part of, the surrounding department of [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://portel.bogota.gov.co/portel/libreria/php/x_frame_detalle.php?id=442 |title=Organización del Distrito Capital |publisher=bogota.gov.co |access-date=5 January 2016 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072342/http://portel.bogota.gov.co/portel/libreria/php/x_frame_detalle.php?id=442 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the [[departments of Colombia]]. It is the main political, economic, administrative, industrial, cultural, aeronautical, technological, scientific, medical and educational center of the country and northern [[South America]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2022-07-12 |title=Bogotá: World's Greatest Places 2022 |url=https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2022/6194585/bogota/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530151449/https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2022/6194585/bogota/ |archive-date=30 May 2023 |access-date=2023-10-20 |magazine=[[Time.com|Time]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-12 |title=The next Silicon Valley Colombia as the leading IT hub of TEAM International |url=https://www.teaminternational.com/silicon-valley-colombia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625023036/https://www.teaminternational.com/silicon-valley-colombia/ |archive-date=25 June 2023 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=TEAM International |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The 5 "most competitive and influential" cities in Latin America |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-44362146 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117175914/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-44362146 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |access-date=2023-10-20 |work=BBC News Mundo |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bogotá breaks new ground in city innovation (again). Here's how. |url=http://bloombergcities.jhu.edu/news/bogota-breaks-new-ground-city-innovation-again-heres-how |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929134656/https://bloombergcities.jhu.edu/news/bogota-breaks-new-ground-city-innovation-again-heres-how |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=Bloomberg Cities Network |publisher=[[Bloomberg Philanthropies]], Bloomberg Center for Public Innovation at [[Johns Hopkins University]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Latin American cities by healthcare quality 2019: Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, led the ranking of best cities in Latin America based on healthcare quality. |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1168751/latin-america-best-cities-healthcare-quality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324090208/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1168751/latin-america-best-cities-healthcare-quality/ |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=[[Statista]] |language=en}}</ref>

Bogotá was founded as the capital of the [[New Kingdom of Granada]] on 6 August 1538 by Spanish [[conquistador]] [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]] after a harsh [[Spanish conquest of the Muisca|expedition into the Andes]] conquering the [[Muisca people|Muisca]], the indigenous inhabitants of the [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense|Altiplano]]. Santafé (its name after 1540) became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal [[Real Audiencia|Audiencia]] of the [[New Kingdom of Granada]] (created in 1550), and then after 1717 it was the capital of the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]]. After the [[Battle of Boyacá]] on 7 August 1819, Bogotá became the capital of the [[Colombian Declaration of Independence|independent]] nation of [[Gran Colombia]]. It was [[Simón Bolívar]] who rebaptized the city with the name of Bogotá, as a way of honoring the Muisca people and as an emancipation act towards the Spanish crown.<ref name=":1" /> Hence, since the Viceroyalty of New Granada's independence from the [[Spanish Empire]] and during the formation of present-day Colombia, Bogotá has remained the capital of this territory.

<!--geography and climate-->
The city is located in the center of Colombia, on a high plateau known as the [[Bogotá savanna]], part of the [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]] located in the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Eastern Cordillera]] of the [[Andes]]. Its altitude averages {{convert|2640|m|ft|sp=us}} above sea level. Subdivided into 20 localities, Bogotá covers an area of 1,587 square kilometers (613 square miles) and enjoys a consistently cool climate throughout the year.

<!--law and economy-->
The city is home to central offices of the executive branch ([[President of the Republic|Office of the President]]), the legislative branch ([[Congress of Colombia]]) and the judicial branch ([[Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia|Supreme Court of Justice]], [[Constitutional Court of Colombia|Constitutional Court]], [[Council of State (Colombia)|Council of State]] and the [[Superior Council of Judicature]]) of the Colombian government. Bogotá stands out for its economic strength and associated financial maturity, its attractiveness to global companies and the quality of [[human capital]]. It is the financial and commercial heart of Colombia, with the most business activity of any city in the country.<ref name="Hotspots">{{Cite web |url=http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/pdfs/eiu_hotspots_2012.pdf |title=Hot spots: Benchmarking global city competitiveness |publisher=The Economist Intelligence Unit |access-date=5 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516142055/http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/pdfs/eiu_hotspots_2012.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = "TheTalentIssue"/> The capital hosts the main financial market in Colombia and the [[Andean natural region]], and is the leading destination for new foreign direct investment projects coming into [[Latin America]] and Colombia.<ref name="investmentIBM">{{Cite web |url=http://es.investinbogota.org/noticias/ibm-destaca-bogota-como-la-ciudad-con-mayor-numero-de-proyectos-de-inversion-extranjera-en |title=IBM destaca a Bogotá como la ciudad con mayor número de proyectos de inversión extranjera en Latinoamérica |publisher=IBM-Plant Location International (IBM-PLI) |access-date=5 January 2016 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105131049/http://es.investinbogota.org/noticias/ibm-destaca-bogota-como-la-ciudad-con-mayor-numero-de-proyectos-de-inversion-extranjera-en |archive-date=5 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has the highest nominal [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] in the country, responsible for almost a quarter of the nation's total (24.7%).

<!--other features-->
The city's airport, [[El Dorado International Airport]], named after the [[Muisca mythology|mythical]] ''[[El Dorado]]'', handles the largest cargo volume in [[Latin America]], and is third in number of passengers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 100 biggest and busiest airports in Latin America |url=https://gettocenter.com/airports/continent/latin-america |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=GetToCenter.com |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902005824/https://gettocenter.com/airports/continent/latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> Bogotá is home to the largest number of universities and research centers in the country,<ref name="TheTalentIssue">{{cite book |author=Harvard University |title=The Talent Issue |date=2011 |publisher=Harvard Business Review}}</ref> and is an important cultural center, with many theaters, libraries ([[Virgilio Barco Library|Virgilio Barco]], [[Tintal library|Tintal]], and [[Tunal library|Tunal]] of [[BibloRed]], [[Luis Ángel Arango Library|BLAA]], [[National Library of Colombia|National Library]], among more than 1000) and museums.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Distrital de Bibliotecas Públicas {{!}} BibloRed |url=http://www.biblored.gov.co/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.biblored.gov.co |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210212626/https://www.biblored.gov.co/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biblioteca Digital de Bogotá">{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca Digital de Bogotá |url=https://www.bibliotecadigitaldebogota.gov.co/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109221825/https://www.bibliotecadigitaldebogota.gov.co/ |archive-date=9 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Biblioteca Digital de Bogota |language=es}}</ref> Bogotá ranks 52nd on the Global Cities Index 2014,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/4461492/Global+Cities+Present+and+Future-GCI+2014.pdf/3628fd7d-70be-41bf-99d6-4c8eaf984cd5 |title=2014 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook |publisher=atkearney.com |access-date=5 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193124/https://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/4461492/Global+Cities+Present+and+Future-GCI+2014.pdf/3628fd7d-70be-41bf-99d6-4c8eaf984cd5 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is considered a [[global city]] type "Alpha-" by [[GaWC]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alpha- cities 2022 |url=https://x.com/GaWC/status/1697034409159922127 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928183324/https://x.com/GaWC/status/1697034409159922127 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |website=X.com (Twitter)}}</ref>

== Toponymy ==
The name of Bogotá corresponds to the Spanish pronunciation of the [[Chibcha language|Chibcha]] ''[[Bacatá]]'' (or Muyquytá) which was the name of a neighboring settlement located between the modern towns of Funza and Cota. There are different opinions about the meaning of the word Muyquytá, the most accepted being that it means "walling of the farmland" in the Chibcha language.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://archivobogota.secretariageneral.gov.co/content/historia-bogota|title=Historia de Bogotá {{!}} Archivo de Bogotá|website=archivobogota.secretariageneral.gov.co|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731231517/http://archivobogota.secretariageneral.gov.co/content/historia-bogota|archive-date=31 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ngenespanol.com/travel/cual-es-el-origen-del-nombre-de-bogota-colombia/|title=¿Cuál es el origen del nombre de "Bogotá"?|date=13 August 2018|website=National Geographic en Español|language=es-MX|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320151235/https://www.ngenespanol.com/travel/cual-es-el-origen-del-nombre-de-bogota-colombia/|archive-date=20 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Another popular translation argues that it means "The Lady of the [[Andes]]".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcnradio.com/bogota/ni-santa-fe-no-bacata-estos-fueron-los-primeros-nombres-de-bogota|title=Ni Santa Fe ni Bacatá: estos fueron los primeros nombres de Bogotá|date=6 August 2018|website=RCN Radio|language=es|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804231326/https://www.rcnradio.com/bogota/ni-santa-fe-no-bacata-estos-fueron-los-primeros-nombres-de-bogota|url-status=live}}</ref> Others suggest that Bacatá was the name of the Muisca [[cacique]] who governed the land before the Spaniards arrived.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Blanco Barros|first=Jose Agustin|title=Historia de Bogotá|url=https://www.sogeocol.edu.co/documentos/fund_bogota.pdf|journal=Sociedad Geográfica de Colombia Academia de Ciencias Geográficas|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309065432/https://www.sogeocol.edu.co/documentos/fund_bogota.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada|Jiménez de Quesada]] gave the settlement the name of "Our Lady of Hope" but the Spanish crown gave it the name of Santafé (Holy Faith) in 1540 when it was appointed as a city.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Muisca people|Muisca]], the indigenous inhabitants of the region, called the place on which the city was founded "Thybzaca" or "Old Town".

== History ==
{{main|History of Bogotá}}

{{For timeline|Timeline of Bogotá}}

The area of modern Bogotá was first populated by groups of indigenous people who migrated south based on the relation with the other [[Chibchan languages|Chibcha languages]]; the Bogotá savanna was the southernmost Chibcha-speaking group that exists from Nicaragua to the Andes in Colombia. The civilization built by the [[Muisca people|Muisca]], who settled in the valleys and fertile highlands of and surrounding the [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]] (modern-day [[Departments of Colombia|departments]] of [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]] and [[Boyacá Department|Boyacá]] and small parts of [[Santander Department|Santander]]), was one of the great civilizations in the Americas. The name [[Muisca Confederation]] has been given to a loose egalitarian society of various chiefs (''caciques'') who lived in small settlements of maximum 100 ''[[Muisca architecture|bohíos]]''. The [[Muisca agriculture|agriculture]] and [[Muisca economy#Salt|salt-based]] society of the people was rich in goldworking, [[Muisca economy#Trade|trade]] and [[Muisca mummification|mummification]]. The [[Muisca religion|religion]] of the Muisca consisted of various gods, mostly related to natural phenomena as the Sun ([[Sué]]) and his wife, the Moon; [[Chía (goddess)|Chía]], rain [[Chibchacum]], rainbow [[Cuchavira]] and with building and feasting ([[Nencatacoa]]) and wisdom ([[Bochica]]). Their complex [[Muisca calendar|luni-solar calendar]], deciphered by [[Manuel Arturo Izquierdo Peña|Manuel Izquierdo]] based on work by [[José Domingo Duquesne|Duquesne]], followed three different sets of years, where the [[sidereal year|sidereal]] and [[Synodic period|synodic]] months were represented. Their [[Muisca astronomy|astronomical knowledge]] is represented in one of the few extant landmarks of the [[Muisca architecture|architecture]] of the Muisca in ''[[El Infiernito]]'' outside [[Villa de Leyva]] to the north of Bogotá.

=== Pre-Columbian<!--This is NOT a typo. Before Christopher Columbus, not before Colombia --> era ===
{{main|Muisca Confederation}}

{{see also|El Abra|Tequendama|Herrera Period}}
{{Muisca sidebar}}
[[File:Muisca mummy - Museo del Oro, Bogotá.jpg|thumb|right|205px|[[Muisca mummification|Muisca mummy]]<ref>{{citation|author=Aidan Cockburn, Eve Cockburn, Theodore A. Reyman|date=2003|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9780521589543|language=en|pages=203|title=The Scientific Study of Mummies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KZHa5vHOS0C&dq=muisca+mummification&pg=PA203|access-date=18 June 2023|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704161155/https://www.google.co.ve/books/edition/Mummies_Disease_and_Ancient_Cultures/8KZHa5vHOS0C?hl=es&gbpv=1&dq=muisca+mummification&pg=PA203&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Arthur C. Aufderheide|date=1998|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9780521818261|language=en|pages=101|title=Mummies, Disease and Ancient Cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_xj3QTHHvoC&dq=muisca+mummification&pg=PA101|access-date=18 June 2023|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704161145/https://www.google.co.ve/books/edition/The_Scientific_Study_of_Mummies/P_xj3QTHHvoC?hl=es&gbpv=1&dq=muisca+mummification&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}</ref> in the Gold Museum, Bogotá]]

The first populations inhabiting the present-day [[Metropolitan Area of Bogotá]] were [[hunter-gatherer]]s in the late [[Pleistocene]]. Dating to around 12,500 [[Before Present|BP]], the oldest evidence of human activity was discovered in ''[[El Abra]],'' north of [[Zipaquirá]]. Other excavations in a rock shelter southwest of the city in [[Soacha]] provided ages of ~11,000 BP; [[Tequendama]]. Since roughly 0 AD, the local Muisca people domesticated [[guinea pig]]s as a source of dietary meat.<ref>Correal Urrego, 1990, p.13</ref> The people inhabiting the [[Bogotá savanna]] in the late 15th century were the [[Muisca people|Muisca]], speaking ''[[Chibcha language|Muysccubun]]'', a member of the [[Chibcha language#Comparison to other Chibchan languages|Chibcha]] language family.<ref name="ElCarnero">{{Cite book|title=El Carnero|author=Rodríguez, J.F.|publisher=Bedout|year=1982|location=Medellín, Colombia|language=es|trans-title=The Ramp|orig-year=1859}}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2020}} Muisca means "people" or "person", making "Muisca people", how they are called, a [[tautology (grammar)|tautology]]. At the arrival of the [[Conquistador|Spanish conquistadores]], the Muisca population was estimated to be half a million indigenous people on the Bogotá savanna, and up to two million in the [[Muisca Confederation]]. They occupied the highland and mild climate flanks between the [[Sumapaz Paramo|Sumapaz Mountains]] to the southwest and [[Sierra Nevada del Cocuy|Cocuy]]'s snowy peak to the northeast, covering an approximate area of {{convert|25000|km²|0|abbr=on}}, comprising Bogotá's high plain, a large portion of the modern-day department of [[Boyacá Department|Boyacá department]] portion and a small area in the [[Santander Department|Santander]] region.

Trade was the most important activity of the Muisca with other Chibcha-speaking neighbours,<ref>Francis, 1993, p.36</ref> such as the [[Guane people|Guane]], [[Lache people|Lache]] and [[U'wa people|U'wa]] and with [[Cariban languages|Cariban-speaking]] groups such as the [[Muzo people|Muzo]] or "Emerald People". Their knowledge of salt production from brines, a task devoted exclusively to [[Women in Muisca society|Muisca women]], gave them the name of "Salt People".<ref name=Daza_2728>Daza, 2013, pp.27–28</ref> Tropical fruits that did not grow on the cool highlands, as well as [[coca]], [[cotton]] and [[gold]] were all traded at markets that took place every Muisca week; every four days. At these frequent markets, the Muisca obtained various luxury goods that appear worthless in a modern sense, as well as precious metals and gemstones that seem valuable to us and which became abundant and were used for various purposes.<ref>Daza, 2013, pp.23</ref> The [[Muisca warfare|Muisca warrior elite]] were allowed to wear feathered crowns, from parrots and macaws whose habitat was to the east of the Andes; the [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]]-speaking [[Guayupe people|Guayupe]], [[Tegua people|Tegua]] and [[Achagua people|Achagua]].

The [[Muisca cuisine]] consisted of a stable and varied diet of [[tubers]], [[potato]]es and fruits. [[Maize]] was the main ingredient of the Muisca, cultivated on [[Muisca agriculture|elevated and irrigated terraces]]. Many words exist in Muysccubun for ''maize'', ''corn'' and [[Muisca cuisine|the various types and forms of it]].<ref name=Daza_2728/> The product was also the base for [[Chicha#Colombia|chicha]]; the alcoholic beverage of the people, still sold in central Bogotá today. It was the beverage used to celebrate the construction of houses, harvests and sowing, ritual practices around the various sacred sites of the Altiplano, [[Muisca music|music and dances]], trade at special fairs with farther away trading indigenous groups of Colombia and to inaugurate the new highest regarded member of the community; ''zipas'', ''zaques'', ''caciques'' and the religious ruler ''[[iraca]]'' from [[Sun Temple (Sogamoso)|Sacred City of the Sun]] [[Sogamoso|Sugamuxi]].<ref>Ocampo López, 2013, Ch.1, p.18</ref>

=== Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada expedition and Spanish conquest ===
{{main|Spanish conquest of the Muisca}}

From 1533, a belief persisted that the Río Grande de la [[Magdalena River|Magdalena]] was the trail to the [[Pacific Ocean|South Sea]], to [[Peru]], legendary ''[[El Dorado]]''. Such was the target of [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]], the Granadanian [[List of conquistadors in Colombia|conquistador]] who left [[Santa Marta]] on 6 April 1536 with 800 soldiers, heading towards the interior of current [[Colombia]]. The expedition divided into two groups, one under Quesada's command to move on land, and the other commanded by Diego de Urbino would go upriver in four brigantine ships to eventually meet Quesada's troops at the site named Tora de las Barrancas Bermejas. When they arrived, they heard news about Indians inhabiting the south and making large salt cakes used to trade for wild cotton and fish. Jiménez de Quesada decided to abandon the route to [[Peru]] and cross the mountain in search of salt villages. They saw crops, trails, white salt cakes and then huts where they found corn, yucca and beans. From Tora, the expedition went up the Opón River and found indigenous people wearing very finely painted cotton mantles. When they arrived in Muisca territories in the Andean Plateau, on 9 March 1537, of the expedition leaving Santa Marta, only 162 men were left.<ref name=BancoList>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/gennrgun/gennrgun9x.htm List of conquistadors led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309181315/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/gennrgun/gennrgun9x.htm |date=9 March 2016 }} – [[Banco de la República]]</ref>

The ''zipa'' at the moment of [[Spanish conquest of the Muisca|Spanish conquest]] was [[Tisquesusa]]. His main ''bohío'' was in a small village called ''Bacatá'' with others in [[Funza]] and [[Cajicá]], giving name to the present day capital of Colombia. ''Bacatá'' was actually located near to the modern location of the city of [[Funza]]. A prophecy in his life came true; ''he would be dying, bathing in his own blood''. Defending Funza with a reduced army of [[Muisca warfare|guecha warriors]] against the heavily exhausted but heavily armed strangers, his reign fell in the hands of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his younger brother [[Hernán Pérez de Quesada|Hernán Pérez]] on 20 April 1537. Upon his death, his brother [[Sagipa]] became the last ''zipa'', against the [[Women in Muisca society|inheritance tradition of the Muisca]]. Sagipa used to be a main captain for Tisquesusa but quickly submitted to the Spanish rulers. The first [[encomienda|encomenderos]] asked high prices in valuable products and agricultural production from the indigenous people. On top of that epidemics of European viruses razed through the population, of which in current [[Boyacá Department|Boyacá]] 65–85 % of the Muisca were killed within 100 years.<ref>Francis, 2002</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2020}}

Jiménez de Quesada decided to establish a military campament in the area in 1538, in the site today known as the [[Chorro de Quevedo]] square. The foundation was performed by the construction of 12 houses of reed, referring to the [[Twelve Apostles]], and the construction of a preliminary church, also of reed. With the celebration of the first [[Mass in the Catholic Church|mass]] in the campament, celebrated by [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friar {{Ill|Domingo de las Casas|es}} the city was founded with the name of Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza (Our Lady of Hope) on 6 August 1538.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Quesada placed his right foot on the bare earth and said simply, "I take possession of this land in the name of the most sovereign emperor, Charles V."

[[File:CatedralPrimadaBogota2004-7.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.05|[[Bolívar Square]] and the [[Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá|cathedral]]]]
This founding, however, was irregular as no town council was formed nor were town officials appointed, as well as lacking some other juridical requirements for an official founding. As a consequence, the official founding only occurred about eight months later, on 27 April 1539, in a site close to one of the recreational lands of the ''zipa'', called Theusa or Theusaquillo.<ref name=":0" /> This official founding involved an official ceremony appointing a council and officials, and the demarcation of streets and lands, and in it fellow conquistadores [[Sebastián de Belalcázar]] and [[Nikolaus Federmann]] were present. While this was the official date of founding, traditionally it is the 6 August 1538 that is considered the date of the actual foundation.

The village obtained the title of City by way of a decree from [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] on 27 July 1540, which changed the name of the city from Our Lady of Hope to Santa Fe (Holy Faith), after the name of a town nearby [[Granada]] where Jiménez de Quesada grew up.<ref name=":2" /> Jiménez de Quesada and conquerors [[Sebastián de Belalcázar|De Belalcázar]] and [[Nikolaus Federmann|Federmann]] left for Spain in April 1539, founding [[Guataquí]] together on 6 April 1539. The rule over the newly created [[New Kingdom of Granada]] was left to Jiménez de Quesada's brother, [[Hernán Pérez de Quesada]]. The first mayors of the city were captains [[Pedro de Arévalo]] and [[Jerónimo de Inzar]]. The city obtained the Title of Muy Noble y Muy Leal (Very Noble and Loyal) on 17 August 1575 by a decree from [[Philip II of Spain|Phillip II]]. Bogotá, then called Santa Fe, later became the capital of the later [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]].<ref name="ElCarnero" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}}

=== Spanish colonization ===
[[File:Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, Plaza de Bolívar.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|The [[Plateresque]] Colonial [[Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé]], built between 1604 and 1622]]
[[File:Museo-Iglesia Santa Clara, Bogotá.JPG|thumb|180px|[[Santa Clara Church Museum]] built between 1629 and 1647. It has a large collection of colonial Colombian paintings.]]
The city mayor and the chapter formed by two councilmen, assisted by the constable and the police chief, governed the city. For better administration of these domains, in April 1550, the [[Real Audiencia|Audiencia]] of Santafé was organized<!--, for Hearers to act-->. Santa Fe (or Santafé) became the seat of the government of the [[New Kingdom of Granada]] . Fourteen years later in 1564, the Spanish Crown designated the first Royal Audiencia chairman, [[Andrés Díaz Venero de Leiva|Andrés Díaz Venero de Leyva]]. The Chapter and the Royal Audience were located on the other side of what is today the [[Plaza de Bolívar, Bogotá|Plaza de Bolívar]] (then called, Plaza Mayor or Major Square). The street connecting the Major Square and the Square of Herbs— now Santander Park— was named ''Calle Real'' (Royal Street), now ''Carrera Séptima'' (or "Seventh Street"; counted from the mountains to the east of the city). After 1717 Santafé became the capital of the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]].

Formed by Europeans, [[mestizo]]s, indigenous people, and slaves, from the second half of the 16th century, the population began to grow rapidly. The 1789 census recorded 18,161 inhabitants, and by 1819 the city population reached 30,000 inhabitants distributed in 195 blocks. Importance grew when the [[diocese]] was established.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

=== Nineteenth century ===
[[File:San victorino 1824 (Roulin, François Désiré).JPG|thumb|right|upright=1.05|Former colonial Plaza de [[San Victorino]], in Bogotá, painted in 1824 by [[François Désiré Roulin]].]]
[[File:Calle real de Bogotá en 1869 dibujo de Therond.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.05|Royal Street (in 1869), today known as Seventh Avenue ([[Carrera Séptima]])]]
[[File:Estación de la Sabana 2010 retusche.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.05|[[Bogotá La Sabana railway station]]]]
Political unease over the Spanish monarchy and the rights of citizens born in the Americas had been felt throughout the Spanish colonies in America, and it was expressed in New Granada in many different ways, accelerating the movement to independence. One of the most transcendent was the [[Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)|Insurrection of the Comuneros]], a riot by the locals that started in [[Socorro, Santander|Villa del Socorro]] —current Department of [[Santander Department|Santander]]—in March 1781.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Comunero-Rebellion|title=Comunero Rebellion {{!}} Colombian history|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422213846/https://www.britannica.com/event/Comunero-Rebellion|archive-date=22 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Spanish authorities suppressed the riot, and [[José Antonio Galán]], the leader, was executed. He left an imprint, though. One of the soldiers witnessing his execution was an intellectually curious, noble teenager named [[Antonio Nariño]], who was deeply impressed by both the insurrection and the execution. Nariño went on to become a politician in Santafé, and he became acquainted with the liberal ideas in vogue in Europe. He started organizing clandestine meetings with other intellectuals and politicians to discuss and promote the independence of the American colonies from the Spanish crown. In 1794, Nariño clandestinely translated and published in Santa Fe the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen|Declaration of the Rights of Men and of the Citizen]], and copies of his translation were distributed all over the continent and started creating a stirring in the political mentalities of the time. The Spanish government had banned the distribution of the pamphlet and soon discovered the material and burned any copy that they could find. Nariño was arrested on 29 August 1794, and sentenced to ten years of imprisonment and to have all of his properties confiscated, and was sent to exile the year after. Those suspected of being part of Nariño's intellectual circle were also persecuted, but his ideas had become widespread.<ref>{{Citation|last=McFarlane|first=Anthony|pages=400|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780511529122|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511529122.019|chapter=Cambridge Latin American Studies|title=Colombia before Independence|year=1993}}</ref>

In 1807, following the [[Peninsular War|French invasion of Spain]] and the subsequent [[Abdications of Bayonne|abdication]] of the [[House of Bourbon]] in Spain, pressed by [[Napoleon]] to give the crown to his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte|Joseph]], resulting in the destruction of the Spanish administration, many in Spain and in the American colonies created local resistance governments called [[Junta (Peninsular War)|Juntas]]. The dissolution of the [[Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom|Supreme Central Junta]], following a series of military defeats in the Spanish troops, promoted the [[Junta (Spanish American Independence)|creation of local juntas]] all throughout Latin America, which very soon consolidated the independentist ideas already in vogue. After the establishment of a junta in [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena de Indias]] on 22 May 1810, and in many other cities throughout the Viceroyalty, the '''Junta de Santa Fe''' was established on 20 July 1810, in what is often called the [[Colombian Declaration of Independence]]. The Junta adopted the name of "Supreme Junta of the New Kingdom of Granada", and first swore allegiance to Viceroy [[Antonio José Amar y Borbón]], and appointed him as president, but then he was deposed and arrested five days later. After declaring independence from Spain the different juntas attempted to establish a congress of provinces, but they were unable to do so and military conflicts soon emerged.

The period between 1810 and 1816 was marked by intense conflict between federalist and centralist factions over the nature of the new government of the recently emancipated juntas, a period that has become known as ''[[Foolish Fatherland|la Patria Boba]]''. The Province of Santafé became the [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]], which soon became embroiled in a civil war against other local juntas which banded together to form the [[United Provinces of New Granada]] and advocated for a federalist government system. Following a failed military campaign against Quito, General [[Simón Bolívar]] of the United Provinces led a campaign that led to the surrender of the Cundinamarca province in December 1814.

In Spain, the war had ended and the [[Spanish monarchy]] was restored on 11 December 1813. King [[Ferdinand VII]] declared the uprisings in the colonies illegal and sent a large army to quell the rebellions and reconquer the lost colonies, for which he appointed General [[Pablo Morillo]]. Morillo led a [[Spanish reconquest of New Granada|successful military campaign]] that culminated in the capture of Santafé on 6 May 1816.

In 1819, [[Simón Bolívar|Bolívar]] initiated his [[Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada|campaign to liberate New Granada]]. Following a series of battles, the last of which was the [[Battle of Boyacá]], the republican army led by Bolívar cleared its way to Santafé, where he arrived victorious on 10 August 1819. It was [[Simón Bolívar]] who rebaptized the city with the name of Bogotá, to honor the Muisca people and to emphasize the emancipation from Spain. Bogotá then became the capital of the [[Gran Colombia]].

Between 1819 and 1849, there were no fundamental structural changes from the colonial period. By the mid-19th century, a series of fundamental reforms were enacted, some of the most important being slavery abolition and religious, teaching, print and speech industry and trade freedom, among others. {{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} During the decade of the 70s, radicalism accelerated reforms and state and social institutions were substantially modified. However, during the second half of the century, the country faced permanent pronouncements, declarations of rebellions between states, and factions which resulted in civil wars: the last and bloodiest was the [[Thousand Days' War]] from 1899 to 1902. {{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

In 1823, a few years after the formation of Gran Colombia, the Public Library, now the National Library, was enlarged and modernized with new volumes and better facilities. {{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} The National Museum was founded. Those institutions were of great importance to the new republic's cultural development. <!--From half century education secularization and expansion widened formation possibilities.--> The Central University was the first State school, precursor of the current [[National University of Colombia|National University]], founded in 1867 and domiciled in Bogotá.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

=== Regeneration ===
President Rafael Núñez declared the end of Federalism, and in 1886 the country became a centralist republic ruled by the constitution in force – save some amendments – up to 1991. In the middle of political and administration avatars, Bogotá continued as the capital and principal political center of the country.

From a base of only 20,000 people in 1793, the city grew to approximately 117,000 people in 1912. Population growth was rapid after 1870, largely because of emigration from the eastern highlands.<ref>David Sowell, "[http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/4/720?etoc Population Growth in Late-Nineteenth-Century Bogota: Insights on a Demographic Dilemma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704161218/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0096144211434990?etoc= |date=4 July 2023 }}", ''Journal of Urban History'' (2012) 38:720–730, {{doi|10.1177/0096144211434990}}. .</ref>

=== Twentieth century ===

Early in the 20th century, Colombia had to face devastating consequences from the [[Thousand Days' War]], which lasted from 1899 to 1902, and the loss of [[Panama]]. {{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} Between 1904 and 1909, the lawfulness of the liberal party was re-established and President Rafael Reyes endeavored to implement a national government. Peace and state reorganization generated the increase of economic activities. Bogotá started deep architectural and urban transformation with significant industrial and artisan production increases. {{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} In 1910, the Industrial Exposition of the Century took place at Park of Independence. Stands built evidenced industrial, artisan work, beaux arts, electricity and machinery progress achieved. The period from 1910 to 1930 is designated conservative hegemony. {{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} Between 1924 and 1928, hard union struggles began, with oil fields and banana zone workers' strikes, leaving numerous people dead.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

Bogotá had practically no industry. Production was basically artisan work grouped in specific places, similar to commercial sectors. {{citation needed|date=October 2015}} [[Bolívar Square|Plaza de Bolívar]] and surroundings lodged hat stores, at Calle del Comercio –current Carrera Seventh– and Calle Florián –now Carrera Eight– luxurious stores selling imported products opened their doors; at Pasaje Hernández, tailor's shops provided their services, and between 1870 and 1883, four main banks opened their doors: Bogotá, Colombia, Popular and Mortgage Credit banks.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

[[File:Bogotazo.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bogotazo]] in 1948]]
Following the 1928 [[Banana Massacre]] of fruit pickers and [[Colombian Conservative Party|conservative party]] division, [[Enrique Olaya Herrera]] took office in 1930. The [[Colombian Liberal Party|liberal party]] reformed during 16 years of the so-called Liberal Republic, agricultural, social, political, labor, educational, economic and administrative sectors. Unionism strengthened and education coverage expanded. {{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}

The celebration produced a large number of infrastructure works, new construction and work sources. In 1948 liberal leader [[Jorge Eliécer Gaitán]] was assassinated, and subsequent riots in an event called ''[[Bogotazo|El Bogotazo]]'' resulted in Bogotá's downtown being virtually destroyed. From then, Bogotá's urban, architectural and population sectors were substantially reorganized.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}} The violence sparked civil conflict, ''[[La Violencia]]'', that lasted ten years.

=== Twenty-first century ===
[[File:Centro internacional.JPG|thumb|Bogotá is the second largest city within city limits in South America by population, after [[São Paulo]].]]

The city began the 21st century with important changes in its urban space and public transport, looking to plan demographic and economic growth, that would position it as a strategic hub for international business in Latin America. Some of the main interventions initiated looked to develop projects contained in the Plan of Territorial Ordering (POT), which aims to guide the development of the city for the next two centuries.

One of the most important interventions in the city was in its transportation system. In 1967, there were 2,679 urban buses in Bogotá that transported, on average, 1,630,000 passengers per day. The city had about 1 million inhabitants and 80&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of area, the service was relatively reasonable. But as the city grew and reached more than five million and an area greater than 300&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, not only did the car fleet increase substantially to more than 20,000 vehicles, but traffic complexity increased, as well as pollution and the inefficiency of the only existing transportation system.

By the end of the 20th century, the situation was difficult. There was no real urban public transport system that would serve as an alternative to the private vehicle – which further incentivized its use – and the city had low levels of competitiveness in Latin America, as well as an unsatisfactory quality of life for the vast majority of its inhabitants. The administrations of mayors [[Andrés Pastrana]] (1988–90) and Jaime Castro (1992–94), in addition to the first of [[Antanas Mockus]] (1995–97), formulated proposals to solve the problem of public transport, with limited results. It was during the mayoralty of the latter when there was talk about the possibility of establishing a mass transportation system that would help remedy the problem of mobility.

Under the second administration of Antanas Mockus, Bogotá opened a 'zone of tolerancia' which legalized prostitution in a large swath of the center of the city in the Santa Fe neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/colombia/bogota-zona.htm|title=Primera zona de tolerancia en Bogotá|website=Latin American Studies |access-date=17 October 2019|archive-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910233958/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/colombia/bogota-zona.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Mayor [[Enrique Peñalosa]] (whose first term was 1998–2000) included in his program as a priority a solution to public transport. Consequently, in the execution of the development plan "For the Bogotá we Want" in terms of mobility and in a mass transportation system project, the construction of special infrastructure exclusively for its operation was determined. This system would include specialized bus corridors, equipped with single-use lanes, stations, bridges, bike paths and special pedestrian access platforms, designed to facilitate the user's experience in the system. However, Peñalosa became infamous for his campaign against the poor, saying he would rather see robbers on the streets, than people selling candies. Peñalosa served a second term (2016–19).

After being elected in 2011, Mayor [[Gustavo Petro]] clashed with the conservative political establishment after remunicipalization of the city's garbage collection system. The inspector general Alejandro Ordoñez deposed Petro for alleged constitutional overreach when he tried to replace the city's private trash collectors. Petro was reinstated weeks later after a Bogotá court ruled that Ordoñez had overstepped his authority.

The ''[[TransMilenio]]'' system of articulated buses opened its first phase in 2000 and has since grown to 12 lines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2013 |title=Historia de TransMilenio |url=https://www.transmilenio.gov.co/publicaciones/146028/historia-de-transmilenio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420012617/https://www.transmilenio.gov.co/publicaciones/146028/historia-de-transmilenio/ |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=TransMilenio}}</ref> As the city's population increased, the buses are often crowded, leading to the development of [[Bogotá Metro]], construction on which began in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Construction of the First Line of the Bogotá Metro begins! |url=https://bogota.gov.co/en/international/construction-first-line-bogotas-metro-begins |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=bogota.gov.co}}</ref>

[[File:Bogota Centro Internacional Latam Business Hub.jpg|thumb|right|Financial District]]

For its part, the cultural equipment plan of Bogotá has yielded significant results, including the construction of three large public libraries in different sectors. These libraries have not only expanded access to existing library resources but also serve as some of the 150 hubs for [[BibloRed|BibloRed - Bogotá's Public Libraries Network]], including the Bogota Digital Library<ref name="pub113">{{Cite web |title=Biblored, Colombia's Innovative Library Network |url=https://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub113/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=CLIR |language=en-US |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116155420/https://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub113/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BibloRed: innovadora Red De Bibliotecas · Colecciones digitales - Repositorio de BibloRed |url=https://coleccionesdigitales.biblored.gov.co/items/show/886 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=coleccionesdigitales.biblored.gov.co |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116155418/https://coleccionesdigitales.biblored.gov.co/items/show/886 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biblioteca Digital de Bogotá"/> The new libraries were located in sectors that allow a wide coverage, have easy access by public transport and bike paths; and their projects were commissioned to distinguished architects of the city. They are those of [[El Tunal library|El Tunal]], in the south, projected by the architect [[Suely Vargas]]; of [[Tintal library|El Tintal]], in the west, the work of the architect [[Daniel Bermúdez]]; and the [[Virgilio Barco Library|Virgilio Barco Vargas library]], located in the Simón Bolívar park in the central area, work of the architect [[Rogelio Salmona]]. Out of the city's 150 libraries, these three, with their outstanding architecture, provide public and open-access spaces for the educational and cultural development of the citizens of Bogotá.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Un mundo de lectura y bibliotecas · Colecciones digitales - Repositorio de BibloRed |url=https://coleccionesdigitales.biblored.gov.co/collections/show/17 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=coleccionesdigitales.biblored.gov.co |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116155419/https://coleccionesdigitales.biblored.gov.co/collections/show/17 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.socialhizo.com/entretenimiento/turismo-al-dia/bogota-arquitectura-al-inicio-del-siglo-xxi|title=Bogotá: Arquitectura al inicio del siglo XXI &#124; SocialHizo|website=www.socialhizo.com|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420012618/https://www.socialhizo.com/entretenimiento/turismo-al-dia/bogota-arquitectura-al-inicio-del-siglo-xxi|archive-date=20 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Historia y memoria documental de las bibliotecas en Bogotá |url=https://www.bibliotecadigitaldebogota.gov.co/expositions/historia-memoria-bibliotecas-en-bogota/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116155419/https://www.bibliotecadigitaldebogota.gov.co/expositions/historia-memoria-bibliotecas-en-bogota/ |archive-date=16 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Biblioteca Digital de Bogota |language=es}}</ref>

As for 2019, the city's distribution is composed of nine main business centers (Av. El Dorado Business Corridor, Centro Internacional, Parque de la 93, El Lago, North Point, Calle 100, Santa Barbara Business Center, Zona Industrial Montevideo & Parque Industrial Zona Franca). Grittier sides sit south and southwest, where working-class barrios continue to battle their reputations for drugs and crime. In the ritzier north there are boutique hotels, corporate offices and well-heeled locals piling into chic entertainment districts such as the Zona Rosa and Zona G.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

[[Javier Ordóñez protests|Protests]] against [[police brutality]] started in Bogotá following the death of Javier Ordóñez while in police custody on 9 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rahman|first=Khaleda|date=10 September 2020|title=Bogota riots as police killing of unarmed man sparks violent unrest in Colombia|url=https://www.newsweek.com/bogota-riots-police-killing-unarmed-man-sparks-violent-unrest-colombia-1530914|website=[[Newsweek]]|language=en|access-date=14 September 2020|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911071225/https://www.newsweek.com/bogota-riots-police-killing-unarmed-man-sparks-violent-unrest-colombia-1530914|url-status=live}}</ref> The National Police killed 13 people and injured over 400 in their response to the protests.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombia: Protests against police brutality leave 13 dead, over 400 injured |url=https://www.dw.com/en/colombia-protests-against-police-brutality-leave-13-dead-over-400-injured/a-54902653 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=12 September 2020 |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009042403/https://www.dw.com/en/colombia-protests-against-police-brutality-leave-13-dead-over-400-injured/a-54902653 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Hail in Bogota.jpg|thumb|left|[[Hail]]storm in Bogotá]]
[[File:Cerros a la altura de la calle Setenta.JPG|thumb|left|[[Eastern Hills (Bogotá)|Eastern Hills]]]]

Bogotá is located in the southeastern part of the [[Bogotá savanna]] (''Sabana de Bogotá'') at an average altitude of {{convert|2640|m|ft|sp=us}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]].<ref name=Alcaldia/> The Bogotá savanna is popularly called "[[savannah]]" (''sabana''), but constitutes actually a high [[plateau]] in the Andes mountains, part of an extended region known as the [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], which literally means "high plateau of Cundinamarca and Boyacá". Bogotá is the largest city in the world at its elevation; there is no urban area that is both higher and more populous than Bogotá.

In the extreme south of Bogotá's District, the world's largest continuous [[Páramo|paramo]] ecosystem can be found; [[Sumapaz Páramo]] in the locality [[Sumapaz]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samuelalcalde.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2180%3Aacueducto&Itemid=29 |title=Moors in Latin America |publisher=Samual Calde.com |access-date=1 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225095001/http://www.samuelalcalde.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2180%3Aacueducto&Itemid=29 |archive-date=25 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Bogotá River]] running NE-SW crosses the ''sabana'', forming [[Tequendama Falls]] (''Salto del Tequendama'') to the south. Tributary rivers form valleys with villages, whose economy is based on agriculture, livestock raising and artisanal production.

The ''sabana'' is bordered to the east by the [[Cordillera Oriental, Colombia|Eastern Cordillera]] of the [[Andes]] mountain range. The [[Eastern Hills (Bogotá)|Eastern Hills]], which limit city growth, run from south to north, forming east of the downtown the Guadalupe and [[Monserrate]] mountains. The western city limit is [[Bogotá River]]. The [[Sumapaz Paramo]] ([[moorland]]) borders the south and to the north Bogotá extends over the plateau up to the towns of [[Chía, Cundinamarca|Chía]] and [[Sopó]].

Most of the wetlands in the Bogotá region have disappeared. They covered nearly 50,000 hectares in the 1960s, compared to only 727 in 2019, for a disappearance rate of 98%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sostenibilidad.semana.com/actualidad/articulo/humedales-de-colombia-continuan-en-cuidados-intensivos/42827|title=Humedales de Colombia continúan en 'cuidados intensivos'|access-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617154609/https://sostenibilidad.semana.com/actualidad/articulo/humedales-de-colombia-continuan-en-cuidados-intensivos/42827|archive-date=17 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
[[File:Paramo de sumapaz Bogota D. C.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sumapaz Páramo]]]]

Bogotá features a [[subtropical highland climate]] with uniform precipitation ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cfll'').<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|title=Climate: Bogotá – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/5115/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=8 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201154234/http://en.climate-data.org/location/5115/|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The average temperature is {{convert|14.5|°C|0|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web
  | year=2008
  | url=http://www.pedagogica.edu.co:8080/portal/resumenproyecto.php?py=54
  | title=Respuestas fisiológicas de los niños al ejercicio ante las variaciones climáticas en Bogotá
  | publisher=Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
  | access-date=29 December 2008
| language=es
  }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> varying from {{convert|6|to|19|C|F|0|abbr=on}} on sunny days to {{convert|10|to|18|C|F|0|abbr=on}} on rainy days. Dry and rainy seasons alternate throughout the year. The driest months are December, January, July and August. The warmest month is March, bringing a maximum of {{convert|19.7|C|1}}. The coolest nights occur in January, with an average of {{convert|7.6|C|1}} in the city; fog is very usual in early morning, 220 days per year,<ref name="SUNNY AND FOGGY DAYS">{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=22208&refer=&cityname=Bogota-Distrito-Especial-Colombia&units=us |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Bogota, Colombia |publisher=Weatherbase |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128152230/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=22208&refer=&cityname=Bogota-Distrito-Especial-Colombia&units=us |archive-date=28 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> whilst clear sky sunny full days are quite unusual.<ref name="SUNNY AND FOGGY DAYS"/>

The official highest temperature recorded within the city limits is {{convert|30.0|°C|0}}, and the lowest temperature recorded is {{convert|−7.1|°C|0}}, both at the [[Guaymaral Airport]].<ref name="IDEAM3" />

The rainiest months are April, May, September, October, and November, in which typical days are mostly [[overcast]], with low clouds and some winds, bringing maximum temperatures of {{convert|18|°C|0|abbr=on}} and lows of {{convert|7|°C|0|abbr=on}}.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|location =  Bogotá ([[El Dorado International Airport]]), elevation {{convert|2547|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020)
|Jan record high C = 26.4
|Feb record high C = 25.2
|Mar record high C = 26.6
|Apr record high C = 24.4
|May record high C = 25.0
|Jun record high C = 28.6
|Jul record high C = 25.0
|Aug record high C = 23.6
|Sep record high C = 26.0
|Oct record high C = 25.1
|Nov record high C = 25.6
|Dec record high C = 24.4
|year record high C = 28.6
|Jan record low C = −3.0
|Feb record low C = −5.2
|Mar record low C = −3.2
|Apr record low C =  0.0
|May record low C =  0.2
|Jun record low C =  1.0
|Jul record low C =  0.4
|Aug record low C = -1.5
|Sep record low C = -0.2
|Oct record low C =  0.8
|Nov record low C = -3.0
|Dec record low C = −6.0
|year record low C = −6.0
|Jan high C = 	20.1
|Feb high C = 	20.2
|Mar high C = 	19.8
|Apr high C = 	19.5
|May high C = 	19.4
|Jun high C = 	18.9
|Jul high C = 	18.5
|Aug high C = 	18.8
|Sep high C = 	19.2
|Oct high C = 	19.4
|Nov high C = 	19.4
|Dec high C = 	19.8
| year high C = 	19.4
|Jan mean C = 	13.6
|Feb mean C = 	14.0
|Mar mean C = 	14.1
|Apr mean C = 	14.3
|May mean C = 	14.3
|Jun mean C = 	14.2
|Jul mean C = 	13.8
|Aug mean C = 	13.8
|Sep mean C = 	13.8
|Oct mean C = 	13.7
|Nov mean C = 	13.8
|Dec mean C = 	13.7
| year mean C = 	13.9
|Jan low C = 	6.4
|Feb low C = 	7.6
|Mar low C = 	8.6
|Apr low C = 	9.6
|May low C = 	9.6
|Jun low C = 	9.1
|Jul low C = 	8.6
|Aug low C = 	8.4
|Sep low C = 	7.8
|Oct low C = 	8.3
|Nov low C = 	8.6
|Dec low C = 	7.5
| year low C = 	8.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	32.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 	51.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 	83.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 	116.7
|May precipitation mm = 	109.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 	57.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 	48.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 	44.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 	56.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 	108.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 	107.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 	61.4
|year precipitation mm = 	877.3
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 	4.9
| Feb precipitation days = 	7.4
| Mar precipitation days = 	10.9
| Apr precipitation days = 	13.4
| May precipitation days = 	13.5
| Jun precipitation days = 	10.2
| Jul precipitation days = 	9.5
| Aug precipitation days = 	9.1
| Sep precipitation days = 	9.0
| Oct precipitation days = 	12.1
| Nov precipitation days = 	12.1
| Dec precipitation days =	7.7
| year precipitation days =	119.9
| Jan humidity = 	79
| Feb humidity = 	79
| Mar humidity = 	81
| Apr humidity = 	82
| May humidity = 	82
| Jun humidity = 	79
| Jul humidity = 	78
| Aug humidity = 	77
| Sep humidity = 	79
| Oct humidity = 	83
| Nov humidity = 	83
| Dec humidity = 	81
| year humidity =	80
|Jan sun = 	182.9
|Feb sun = 	149.6
|Mar sun = 	136.4
|Apr sun = 	105.0
|May sun = 	108.5
|Jun sun = 	117.0
|Jul sun = 	133.3
|Aug sun = 	136.4
|Sep sun = 	123.0
|Oct sun = 	117.8
|Nov sun = 	126.0
|Dec sun = 	158.1
|year sun = 
|Jand sun = 	5.9
|Febd sun = 	5.3
|Mard sun = 	4.4
|Aprd sun = 	3.5
|Mayd sun = 	3.5
|Jund sun = 	3.9
|Juld sun = 	4.3
|Augd sun = 	4.4
|Sepd sun = 	4.1
|Octd sun = 	3.8
|Novd sun = 	4.2
|Decd sun = 	5.1
|yeard sun =
|source 1 = [[Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)|Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales]] (humidity, sun 1981-2010)<ref name=IDEAM1>{{cite web 
|url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Normales%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicas%2BEst%C3%A1ndar_Periodo%2B1991-2020.xlsx/347421fe-b205-478f-9c24-55d0ea3785cd 
|title=Promedios Climatológicos 1991–2020 
|publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales 
|language=es 
|access-date=25 June 2024 
|archive-date=6 June 2024 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606062955/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Normales+Climatol%C3%B3gicas+Est%C3%A1ndar_Periodo+1991-2020.xlsx/347421fe-b205-478f-9c24-55d0ea3785cd 
|url-status=dead 
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (extremes)<ref name=NCEI61>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-III/CO/80222.TXT |title=Aepto. Eldorado Climate Normals for 1972-1990(WMO Station Number: 80222) |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration]] |no-pp=y |type=TXT |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510105908/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-III/CO/80222.TXT |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Bogotá ([[:co:Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Colombia|National Meteorological Observatory]]), elevation {{convert|2556|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1971–2000)
|Jan high C = 	20.2
|Feb high C = 	20.3
|Mar high C = 	20.4
|Apr high C = 	20.1
|May high C = 	20.0
|Jun high C = 	19.2
|Jul high C = 	18.6
|Aug high C = 	18.8
|Sep high C = 	19.2
|Oct high C = 	19.5
|Nov high C = 	19.6
|Dec high C = 	19.9
| year high C = 	19.6
|Jan mean C = 	14.3
|Feb mean C = 	14.5
|Mar mean C = 	14.9
|Apr mean C = 	14.9
|May mean C = 	15.0
|Jun mean C = 	14.6
|Jul mean C = 	14.1
|Aug mean C = 	14.3
|Sep mean C = 	14.3
|Oct mean C = 	14.4
|Nov mean C = 	14.6
|Dec mean C = 	14.4
| year mean C = 	14.5
|Jan low C = 	7.6
|Feb low C = 	8.4
|Mar low C = 	9.5
|Apr low C = 	9.7
|May low C = 	9.7
|Jun low C = 	9.5
|Jul low C = 	9.2
|Aug low C = 	8.9
|Sep low C = 	8.7
|Oct low C = 	9.0
|Nov low C = 	9.2
|Dec low C = 	8.0
| year low C = 	9.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	49.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 	67.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 	90.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 	135.2
|May precipitation mm = 	119.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 	54.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 	35.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 	44.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 	70.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 	137.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 	127.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 	80.7
|year precipitation mm = 	1012
| Jan precipitation days = 	9
| Feb precipitation days = 	12
| Mar precipitation days = 	14
| Apr precipitation days = 	18
| May precipitation days = 	19
| Jun precipitation days = 	17
| Jul precipitation days = 	15
| Aug precipitation days = 	14
| Sep precipitation days = 	16
| Oct precipitation days = 	21
| Nov precipitation days = 	16
| Dec precipitation days =	11
| year precipitation days =	181
| Jan humidity = 	75
| Feb humidity = 	76
| Mar humidity = 	75
| Apr humidity = 	77
| May humidity = 	77
| Jun humidity = 	75
| Jul humidity = 	74
| Aug humidity = 	74
| Sep humidity = 	75
| Oct humidity = 	76
| Nov humidity = 	77
| Dec humidity = 	76
| year humidity =	76
|Jan sun = 	155.0
|Feb sun = 	124.4
|Mar sun = 	105.4
|Apr sun = 	81.0
|May sun = 	83.7
|Jun sun = 	93.0
|Jul sun = 	114.7
|Aug sun = 	117.8
|Sep sun = 	108.0
|Oct sun = 	96.1
|Nov sun = 	102.0
|Dec sun = 	139.5
|year sun = 
|Jand sun = 	5.0
|Febd sun = 	4.4
|Mard sun = 	3.4
|Aprd sun = 	2.7
|Mayd sun = 	2.7
|Jund sun = 	3.1
|Juld sun = 	3.7
|Augd sun = 	3.8
|Sepd sun = 	3.6
|Octd sun = 	3.1
|Novd sun = 	3.4
|Decd sun = 	4.5
|yeard sun =
|source = [[Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)|Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales]]<ref name=IDEAM3>{{cite web |url=http://institucional.ideam.gov.co/descargas?com=institucional&name=pubFile77&downloadname=D%3A%5Cpromedios%20met%5CPromedios%2071-00.xls |title=Promedios 71-00 |publisher=IDEAM |language=es |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017083756/http://institucional.ideam.gov.co/descargas?com=institucional&name=pubFile77&downloadname=D%3A%5Cpromedios%20met%5CPromedios%2071-00.xls |archive-date=17 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>|source 1 = [[Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)|Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales]]<ref name=IDEAM4>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025712/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1981%2B-%2B2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 
|archive-date=15 August 2016 
|title=Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010 
|publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales 
|language=es 
|access-date= 17 June 2024
|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

=== Urban layout and nomenclature ===
[[File:How-Bogota-Streets-are-Numbered-and-Named.png|thumb|Street arrangement of Bogotá based on the Cartesian coordinate system: North is to the right. (Typical maps for the city place the north on the left.)]]
[[File:Bogota as seen from Montserrat.jpg|thumb|View of Bogotá from the mountain [[Monserrate]]]]

The colonial city, from 1539 to 1810, barely changed its urban layout and culture. Santafe was slowly leaving behind the colonialism after the independence revolution from 1810 to 1819. Entering the 19th century, the city of Bogotá was still the political and demographic core of Nueva Granada but remained a small city as compared with similar cities, such as Lima and Buenos Aires.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Martinez ruiz|first=Enrique|title=Los judíos y la conformación del espacio urbano de Bogotá|publisher=[[Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]|year=2018|location=Bogota}}</ref> At the year of 1801, the city had 173 blocks and 21,394 inhabitants marking a slow population growth during the 18th century.<ref name=":3" /> In the beginning of the 19th century, city life was marked by the lack of cultural activity and public services as well as by the excessive Catholic religiosity in its inhabitants, which almost controlled the whole life of people, as a journalist traveler wrote in 1822 (Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, 1990,2 ).

The city's urban shape remained the same in the 19th century as the 1557 urban landscape as a checkerboard with the Plaza as its core. In other words, the city grew in area adding new square blocks but kept the same urban fabric.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Mejia P|first=German|title=Los años del cambio: historia urbana de Bogotá|publisher=[[Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]|year=1999|location=Bogota}}</ref> Buildings were low rise, as a traveler wrote in 1830 (Bibliotheca Luis Angel Arango, 1990,2), where most city buildings had one floor, and a few had no more than two. One special characteristic of those houses with two floors, which were the houses of the wealthiest families of Bogotá, were their balconies. The building facades of Bogotá were very simplistic without ornaments, meaning no more than a wall with windows and the entry door. However, due to the poor street conditions because of the potholes and waste, in addition to the lack of cultural and social activity at night, the ornaments were reserved to indoors where Bogotanos spent most of their time.<ref name=":4" /> One of the few outdoor activities of the people of Bogotá during the first half of the 19th century was going to the Plaza or the "altozano" as the locals called it. The Plaza was the social core of the city, where fresh fruits were sold and where inhabitants from all socioeconomic backgrounds converged (Bibliotheca Luis Angel Arango, 1990,2).

The landscape of Bogotá was very similar from the 16th century to 19th century. Nonetheless, after the milestone fact of the independence from the Spanish, which was a process that lasted at least ten years from 1810 to 1819, some changes started to happen.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mejia P|first=German|title=Los años del cambio: historia urbana de Bogotá, 1820–1910. 1. ed. Santa Fé de Bogotá|publisher=[[Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]|year=1999|location=Bogota}}</ref> Those changes were happening slowly while the new republican order was getting power. Trying to make a difference from the colonial ages, the new Republic began changing the name of the plazas, streets and even the name of the city, from Santafe to Bogotá. The names of colonial streets were changed to numbers and the name of plazas were changed to the founding fathers of Colombia.<ref name=":4" /> Thereafter, the empty plazas of the colonial ages turned into ornamented plazas with plenty of trees and civic statues. For instance, the first civil statue placed in a plaza in Colombia was the figure of Bolivar, the main founding father of Colombia. The statue of Bolivar was unveiled on July 20, 1846, which is the Independence Day of Colombia, trying to strengthen the patriotism of the new republic in people of Bogotá and Colombia.<ref name=":4" />

The last quarter of the 19th century, from 1870 to 1900, more clearly marked a new urban landscape of Bogotá. The constant rural migration to Bogotá had been one of the most important factors that allowed the city to maintain its influential power in the region both during the colonial ages and during the republic.<ref name=":3" /> In 1847, the city governor and the council tried to expand the urban area of Bogotá beyond the colonial limits, whereas, only until the 1860s was that expansion encouraged by the president of Colombia Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera.<ref name=":3" /> The Mosquera plan included lotting the western part of Bogotá, building bridges and wider roads and plazas, but that plan was only partially implemented.<ref name=":3" /> In the following decade, other urban initiatives emerged but this time from the private sector. A group of businessmen, tired of the city's slow growth and development, proposed the construction of sewars, theaters, electric systems and new roads in order to hasten the development of Bogotá. Because of the 1876 civil war, the plan could not be implemented, but from that initiative, the council adopted the first urban code of Bogotá in 1875.<ref name=":3" /> These initiatives tried to update the undeveloped city to the new technologies of the 1800s; however, the pace remained slow, and only after 1882, when the train and the trolley came to Bogotá, some urban development projects progressed more quickly.<ref name=":3" />

Today Bogotá has 20 localities, or districts, forming an extensive network of neighborhoods. Areas of higher economic status tend to be located in the north, close to the Eastern Hills in the districts of [[Chapinero]], [[Usaquén]] and the east of [[Suba, Bogotá|Suba]]. The lower middle class inhabit the central, western and northwestern parts of the city.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}. The working-class neighborhoods are located in the south, some of them [[Shanty towns|squatter areas]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}}

[[File:Capital District in Colombia (mainland).svg|thumb|right|Bogotá, Distrito Capital shown in red on a map of [[districts of Colombia]].]]
{{Further|Restrepo, Bogotá}}

The urban layout in the center of the city is based on the focal point of a square or plaza, typical of Spanish-founded settlements, but the layout gradually becomes more modern in outlying neighborhoods. The types of roads are classified as ''Calles'' (streets), which run from west to east horizontally, with street numbers increasing towards the north, and also towards the south (with the suffix "Sur") from Calle 0 down south. ''Carreras'' (roads) run from north to south vertically, with numbering increasing from east to west. (with the suffix "Este" for roads east of Carrera 0). At the southeast of the city, the addresses are logically ''sur-este''. Other types of roads more common in newer parts of the city may be termed ''Eje'' (Axis), ''Diagonal'' or ''Transversal''.
The numbering system for street addresses recently changed, and numbers are assigned according to street rank from main avenues to smaller avenues and local streets. Some of Bogotá's main roads, which also go by a proper name in addition to a number, are:
* Norte-Quito-Sur or NQS (North Quito South Avenue, from 9th Rd at north following railway to 30th Rd, or Quito City Avenue, and Southern Highway)
* [[Autopista Norte]]-Avenida Caracas (Northern Highway, or 45th Rd, joined to Caracas Avenue, or 14th Rd)
* Avenida Circunvalar (or 1st Rd)
* Avenida Suba (60th transversal from 100th St the Suba Hills; 145th St from Suba Hills westward)
* Avenida El Dorado (El Dorado Avenue, or 26th St)
* Avenida de las Américas (Avenue of the Americas, from 34th street at east to 6th street at west)
* Avenida Primero de Mayo (May First Avenue, or 22nd St South)
* Avenida Ciudad de Cali (Cali City Avenue, or 86th Rd)
* Avenida Boyacá (Boyacá Avenue, or 72nd Rd)
* Autopista Sur (Southern Highway)
{{clear}}

=== Localities (districts) ===
{{Bogota DC}}

=== Surrounding towns ===
{{Geographic location
|Center    = Bogotá, [[Capital districts and territories|Capital District]]
|North     = [[Chía, Cundinamarca|Chía]]
|Northeast = [[La Calera, Colombia|La Calera]]
|East      = [[Choachí]]
|Southeast = [[Chipaque]]
|South     = [[Soacha]]
|Southwest = [[San Antonio del Tequendama|Tequendama]]
|West      = [[Mosquera, Cundinamarca|Mosquera]]
|Northwest = [[Cota, Cundinamarca|Cota]]
|image     =
}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical Populations
|type =
|percentages=pagr
|footnote = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/PERFIL_PDF_CG2005/11001T7T000.PDF |title=Microsoft Word - PerfilMunicipal.doc |access-date=12 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403010130/http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/PERFIL_PDF_CG2005/11001T7T000.PDF |archive-date=3 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/proyecciones-de-poblacion/Proyecciones_de_Poblacion_2018-2020.xls |title=Projections |date=2018 |website=www.dane.gov.co |format=PDF |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125190950/https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/proyecciones-de-poblacion/Proyecciones_de_Poblacion_2018-2020.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|1500|160000<ref name="Poblaciónbogotá">Villamarin & Villamarin 1975: 83-113</ref>
|1775|16233
|1800|21964
|1832|28341
|1870|40883
|1912|121257
|1918|143994
|1928|235702
|1938|325650
|1951|715250
|1964|1697311
|1973|2855065
|1985|4236490
|1993|5484244
|2005|6778691
|2018|7412566
|2020|7743955
}}
The largest and most populous city in Colombia, Bogotá had 7,412,566 inhabitants within the city's limits (2018 census),<ref name="auto"/> with a population density of approximately 4,310 inhabitants per square kilometer.  25,166 people are located in rural areas of Capital District. 47.8% of the population are male and 52.2% women.<ref name="auto"/>

[[File:Bogotá Future Population (Medium Variant).png|thumb|Bogotá future population (medium variant){{explain|date=July 2020}}|207x207px]]

In Bogotá, as in the rest of the country, urbanization has accelerated due to industrialization as well as complex political and social reasons such as poverty and violence, which led to migration from rural to urban areas throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} A dramatic example of this is the number of displaced people who have arrived in Bogotá due to the internal armed conflict.{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Some estimates show that Bogotá's [[floating population]] may be as high as 4 million people, most of them being migrant workers from other departments and displaced people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/|title=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE)|work=dane.gov.co|access-date=10 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227230340/http://www.dane.gov.co/|archive-date=27 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The majority of the displaced population lives in the [[Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá)|Ciudad Bolívar]], [[Kennedy (Bogotá)|Kennedy]], [[Usme]], and [[Bosa (Bogotá)|Bosa]] sections.{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}}

=== Vital statistics ===
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Year'''
!'''Population'''
!'''Live'''
'''births'''
!'''Deaths'''
!'''Natural'''
'''increase'''

!'''[[Birth rate|CBR]]'''
!'''[[Mortality rate|CDR]]'''
!'''[[Rate of natural increase|Rate of]]''' 
'''[[Rate of natural increase|natural]]''' 
'''[[Rate of natural increase|increase]]'''
!'''TFR'''
!'''Mother's''' 
'''mean''' 
'''age at'''
'''first'''
'''birth'''
!{{Reference column heading}}
|-
|1998
|6.014.581
|style="color: blue"|136.458
|style="color: blue"|23.796
|style="color: blue"|112.662
|style="color: blue"|22.7
|4.0
|style="color: blue"|18.7
|style="color: blue"|2.55
|26.61
| rowspan="28" |{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
|-
|1999
|6.134.873
|126.067
|25.296
|100.771
|20.6
|4.1
|16.5
|style="color: blue"|2.31
|style="color: blue"|26.56
|-
|2000
|6.252.662
|122.863
|24.886
|97.977
|19.7
|4.0
|15.7
|style="color: blue"|2.22
|26.68
|-
|2001
|6.367.836
|119.352
|25.244
|94.108
|18.7
|4.0
|14.7
|style="color: blue"|2.12
|26.73
|-
|2002
|6.478.637
|115.245
|24.967
|90.278
|17.8
|style="color: blue"|3.9
|13.9
|2.02
|26.82
|-
|2003
|6.586.182
|113.901
|25.661
|88.240
|17.3
|3.9
|13.4
|1.97
|26.82
|-
|2004
|6.684.975
|113.678
|26.219
|87.459
|17.0
|3.9
|13.1
|1.94
|26.94
|-
|2005
|6.710.910
|111.888
|26.481
|85.407
|16.7
|4.0
|12.7
|1.89
|26.86
|-
|2006
|6.801.343
|113.296
|26.649
|86.647
|16.7
|3.9
|12.8
|1.89
|26.80
|-
|2007
|6.884.569
|116.638
|27.268
|89.370
|16.9
|4.0
|12.9
|1.92
|26.74
|-
|2008
|6.960.512
|116.765
|27.698
|89.067
|16.8
|4.0
|12.8
|1.91
|26.74
|-
|2009
|7.031.399
|115.659
|26.896
|88.763
|16.5
|3.8
|12.7
|1.86
|26.80
|-
|2010
|7.096.886
|110.032
|28.661
|81.371
|15.5
|4.0
|11.5
|1.75
|26.94
|-
|2011
|7.152.656
|106.228
|28.670
|77.584
|14.9
|4.0
|10.9
|1.67
|26.97
|-
|2012
|7.195.980
|105.314
|29.240
|76.074
|14.6
|4.1
|10.5
|1.65
|26.90
|-
|2013
|7.228.427
|103.237
|29.024
|74.213
|14.3
|4.0
|10.3
|1.61
|27.01
|-
|2014
|7.252.949
|103.842
|29.675
|74.167
|14.3
|4.1
|10.2
|1.61
|27.19
|-
|2015
|7.273.265
|102.795
|30.850
|71.945
|14.1
|4.2
|9.9
|1.59
|27.40
|-
|2016
|7.300.918
|98.653
|31.749
|66.904
|13.5
|4.4
|9.1
|1.53
|27.53
|-
|2017
|7.337.449
|92.054
|32.073
|59.981
|12.5
|4.4
|8.1
|1.42
|27.65
|-
|2018
|7.412.566
|87.191
|32.581
|54.610
|11.8
|4.4
|7.4
|1.33
|27.71
|-
|2019
|7.592.871
|85.075
|33.597
|51.478
|11.2
|4.4
|6.8
|1.27
|27.78
|-
|2020
|7.732.161
|79.322
|44.505
|34.817
|10.3
|5.8
|4.5
|1.17
|27.79
|-
|2021
|7.823.334
|66.988
|style="color: red"|54.233
|style="color: red"|12.755
|8.6
|style="color: red"|6.9
|style="color: red"|1.7
|0.98
|28.06
|-
|2022
|7.873.316
|64.765
|38.422
|26.343
|8.2
|4.9
|3.3
|0.95
|style="color: red"|28.30
|-
|2023
|7.907.281
|60.912
|35.052
|25.860
|7.7
|4.3
|3.4
|0.89
|28.16
|-
|2024
|7.929.539
|style="color: red"|56.557
|36.968
|19.589
|style="color: red"|7.1
|4.7
|2.4
|style="color: red"|0.8350
|28.15
|-
|2025
|style="color: blue"|7.937.898
|
|
|
|
|
|
|0.8096
|
|}
In 2022 13,28% of births were to foreign mothers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2024 |title=Inicio |url=https://saludata.saludcapital.gov.co/osb/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=SaluData}}</ref>
[[File:Bb origen colombiano.png|alt=Percentage of live births to foreign mothers by locality|thumb|278x278px|Percentage of live births to Colombian mothers by locality (2022)]]

[[File:Isf_bgtá-región.png|alt=TFR in the metropolitan area of Bogotá|thumb|360x360px|Total fertility rate by municipality, metropolitan area of Bogotá (2023)]]

{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
!{{Reference column heading}}
|-
| '''January–June 2024'''
| 27,890
| 
| 
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nacimientos según tipo de parto en bogotá dc |url=https://saludata.saludcapital.gov.co/osb/indicadores/nacimientos-segun-tipo-de-parto-en-bogota-d-c/ |publisher=[[Government of Colombia]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''January–June 2025'''
| 27,043
|  
|
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{decrease}} -847 (-3.03%)
| {{increasenegative}} 
| {{decrease}} 
|}

=== Total fertility rate ([[Total fertility rate|TFR]]) by locality ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Locality
!TFR (2023)
!Mother's mean age at first birth
!{{Reference column heading}}
|-
|'''Bogotá'''
|0.89
|28.16
| rowspan="21" |{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
|-
|Usaquén
|0.80
|30.31
|-
|Chapinero
|0.72
|30.88
|-
|Santa Fe
|1.12
|27.43
|-
|San Cristóbal
|0.84
|27.44
|-
|Usme
|0.94
|27.10
|-
|Tunjuelito
|0.97
|27.55
|-
|Bosa
|0.95
|27.46
|-
|Kennedy
|0.95
|27.88
|-
|Fontibón
|0.75
|29.25
|-
|Engativá
|0.82
|29.00
|-
|Suba
|0.83
|29.06
|-
|Barrios Unidos
|0.74
|29.36
|-
|Teusaquillo
|0.53
|30.77
|-
|Los Mártires
|1.07
|26.59
|-
|Antonio Nariño
|0.98
|28.26
|-
|Puente Aranda
|0.85
|29.14
|-
|La Candelaria
|1.11
|28.86
|-
|Rafael Uribe Uribe
|1.01
|27.53
|-
|Ciudad Bolívar
|1.14
|26.98
|-
|Sumapaz
|1.12
|28.94
|}

===Ethnic groups===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Race and ethnicity in Bogotá<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica|title=Ethnic Groups|website=www.dane.gov.co|format=PDF|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408132304/https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica|url-status=live}}</ref>
|label1=[[White Colombians|White]] and [[Mestizo Colombians|Mestizo]]
|value1 = 98.8
|color1 = #008080

|label2=[[Afro-Colombian]] (includes [[Mulatto|Mixed]])
|value2 = 0.9
|color2 = #FFBF00

|label3=[[Indigenous peoples in Colombia|Indigenous]]
|value3 = 0.3
|color3 = #1C39BB
}}
The ethnic composition of the city's population includes a minority of [[Afro-Colombian]] people (0.9%) and [[Indigenous peoples in Colombia|Indigenous]] people (0.3%); 98.8% of the population lists no ethnic affiliation,<ref name="auto"/> being mostly [[White Colombians|Whites]] and [[Mestizo Colombians|Mestizos]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-25 |title=Así es la distribución étnica en Bogotá |url=https://www.rcnradio.com/bogota/asi-es-la-distribucion-etnica-en-bogota |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=RCN Radio |language=es |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427192540/https://www.rcnradio.com/bogota/asi-es-la-distribucion-etnica-en-bogota |url-status=live }}</ref>

In Bogotá, the accelerated urbanization process is not exclusively due to industrialization, as there are complex political and social reasons such as poverty and violence, which have motivated migration from the countryside to the city throughout the 20th century, determining an exponential growth of the population in Bogotá and the establishment of misery belts in its surroundings. According to the Consultancy for Human Rights, Codhes, in the period 1999–2005 more than 260,000 displaced people arrived in Bogotá, approximately 3.8% of the total population of Bogotá. The locations where the majority of the displaced population is concentrated are Ciudad Bolivar, Kennedy, Bosa and Usme.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Ethnic and demographic evolution of Bogotá{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}
| rowspan="2" |'''Year'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Pop.'''
| colspan="2" |'''Bogotá natives'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Other Colombians'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Foreigners'''
|-
|'''Rolos'''
|'''Cachacos'''
|-
|'''1951'''
|715,250
|10,729
|693,793
|8,047
|2,682
|-
|'''1964'''
|1,697,311
|135,785
|1,425,741
|101,839
|33,946
|-
|'''1973'''
|2,855,065
|356,883
|2,141,299
|267,662
|89,221
|-
|'''1985'''
|4,236,490
|783,751
|2,668,989
|587,813
|195,938
|-
|'''1993'''
|5,484,244
|1,233,955
|3,016,334
|925,466
|308,489
|-
|'''2005'''
|6,778,691
|1,931,927
|2,914,837
|1,448,945
|482,982
|-
|'''2018'''
|7,412,566
|2,594,398
|2,223,770
|1,945,799
|648,600
|-
|'''2020'''
|7,743,955
|2,787,824
|2,168,307
|2,090,868
|696,956
|}

=== Crime ===
Bogotá has gone to great lengths to change its formerly notorious crime rate and its image with increasing success after being considered in the 1990s to be one of the most violent cities in the world.<ref>{{cite web |year= 2005 |url= http://www.comunidadesegura.org/?q=en/node/32000 |title= Bogotá's lesson in crime fighting |publisher= Comunidad Segura |access-date= 28 December 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064701/https://www.comunidadesegura.org/?q=en%2Fnode%2F32000 |archive-date= 27 November 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> In 1993 there were 4,352 murders at a rate of 81 per 100,000 people;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.institut-gouvernance.org/en/conference/fiche-conference-36.html |title=Seguridad, ciudadanía y políticas públicas en Bogotá |publisher=IRG |access-date=29 December 2008 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622012727/http://www.institut-gouvernance.org/en/conference/fiche-conference-36.html |archive-date=22 June 2009  }}</ref> in 2007, Bogotá suffered 1,401 murders at a rate of 20 per 100,000 inhabitants, and had a further reduction to 14 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017 (the lowest since 1979).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/bogota-confirma-baja-historica-en-tasa-de-homicidios-en-2017-167202|title=Bogotá confirma baja histórica en tasa de homicidios|date=2 January 2018|publisher=El Tiempo|access-date=2 January 2018|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103034159/http://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/bogota-confirma-baja-historica-en-tasa-de-homicidios-en-2017-167202|archive-date=3 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/expertos-analizan-ndice-de-homicidios-en-bogot_12497841-4 |title=Homicidios |format=PDF |page=36 |publisher=El Tiempos |access-date=29 December 2008 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620035628/http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/expertos-analizan-ndice-de-homicidios-en-bogot_12497841-4 |archive-date=20 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/drip/2007/2%20Forensis%202007%20homicidio-1.pdf |title=Homicidios |page=36 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses |access-date=29 December 2008 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217232140/http://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/drip/2007/2%20Forensis%202007%20homicidio-1.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2008  }}</ref> This success was mainly the result of a participatory and integrated security policy, "Comunidad Segura", that was first adopted in 1995 and continues to be enforced.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/ARCHIVO/ARCHIVO-9100821-0.pdf |title=ENCUESTA DE PERCEPCIÓN Y VICTIMIZACIÓNBOGOTÁ Y LAS LOCALIDADES | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204220201/http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/ARCHIVO/ARCHIVO-9100821-0.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2011 |language=es}}</ref> 1.2 percent of street addresses account for 99 percent of homicides.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://igarape.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Criminalidad-urbana-en-Colombia-diciembre-2014.pdf |title= Un análisis de la criminalidad urbana en Colombia |page= 39 |publisher= igarape.org.br |access-date= 13 February 2018 |language= es |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180527104538/https://igarape.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Criminalidad-urbana-en-Colombia-diciembre-2014.pdf |archive-date= 27 May 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref>

== Government ==
Bogotá is the capital of the [[Colombia|Republic of Colombia]], and houses the [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]], [[Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia|Supreme Court of Justice]] and the center of the executive administration as well as the residence of the [[President of Colombia|President]] ([[Casa de Nariño]]).<ref>{{cite web |year= 2007 |url= http://www.bogota.gov.co/portel/libreria/php/frame_detalle.php?h_id=21539&patron=01.11 |title= Bogotá se consolida como centro para la inversión extranjera |publisher= Alcaldía Mayor de Bogota |access-date= 29 December 2008 |language= es |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110727233740/http://www.bogota.gov.co/portel/libreria/php/frame_detalle.php?h_id=21539&patron=01.11 |archive-date= 27 July 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref> These buildings, along with the Office of the Mayor, the Lievano Palace (Palacio Liévano), are located within a few meters from each other on the [[Plaza de Bolívar, Bogotá|Plaza de Bolívar]]. The square is located in the city's historical center, [[La Candelaria, Bogotá|La Candelaria]], which features architecture in [[Spanish Colonial architecture|Spanish Colonial]] and [[Spanish Baroque architecture|Spanish Baroque]] styles.

The [[List of mayors of Bogotá|Mayor of Bogotá]] and the [[Bogotá City Council|City Council]] – both elected by popular vote – are responsible for city administration. In 2023 [[Carlos Fernando Galán]] was elected Mayor; his term runs from 2024 to 2027.

=== Localities ===
The city is divided into 20 localities: [[Usaquén]], [[Chapinero]], [[Santa Fe, Bogotá|Santa Fe]], [[San Cristóbal, Bogotá|San Cristóbal]], [[Usme]], [[Tunjuelito]], [[Bosa, Bogotá|Bosa]], [[Kennedy, Bogotá|Kennedy]], [[Fontibón]], [[Engativá]], [[Suba, Bogotá|Suba]], [[Barrios Unidos]], [[Teusaquillo]], [[Los Mártires]], [[Antonio Nariño, Bogotá|Antonio Nariño]], [[Puente Aranda]], [[La Candelaria, Bogotá|La Candelaria]], [[Rafael Uribe Uribe, Bogotá|Rafael Uribe Uribe]], [[Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá|Ciudad Bolívar]] and [[Sumapaz]].

Each of the 20 localities is governed by an administrative board elected by popular vote, made up of no fewer than seven members. The Mayor designates local mayors from candidates nominated by the respective administrative board.

=== Neighbourhoods ===
*[[Normandía, Bogotá|Normandía]]
*[[Quiroga, Bogotá|Quiroga]]
*[[Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá|Ciudad Bolívar]]

== Economy ==

Bogotá is the main economic and industrial center of Colombia.
The Colombian government fosters the import of capital goods, Bogotá being one of the main destinations of these imports.

=== Tourism ===
{{See also|List of buildings in Bogotá}}
The metro contributes to 38% of Colombia's GDP. (150 billion dollars in 2024)
Travel and tourism's share of the city's overall GDP stands at 2.5%.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/city-reports/latin-america-city-travel-and-tourism-impact-2017.pdf?la=en|title= Latin America City Travel and Tourism Impact 2017|publisher= wttc.org|access-date= 30 November 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171130125301/https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/city-reports/latin-america-city-travel-and-tourism-impact-2017.pdf?la=en|archive-date= 30 November 2017|url-status= live}}</ref> Bogotá is responsible for 56% of the tourism that arrives to Colombia and is home to 1,423 [[multinational companies]]. 
Bogotá also ranks highly as a global city for doing [[business]] and holding meetings. Bogotá is a growing destination for international meetings.<ref name = "BestCities">{{Cite web|url= http://www.traveldailynews.com/post/bogota-becomes-full-alliance-partner-of-bestcities-global-alliance|title= Bogota becomes full alliance partner of BestCities Global Alliance|date= 26 April 2016|publisher= traveldailynews.com|access-date= 26 May 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160527013351/http://www.traveldailynews.com/post/bogota-becomes-full-alliance-partner-of-bestcities-global-alliance|archive-date= 27 May 2016|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.bestcities.net/Bogota.aspx|title= Bogotá, Colombia Profile|publisher= bestcities.net|access-date= 26 May 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160625064626/http://www.bestcities.net/Bogota.aspx|archive-date= 25 June 2016|url-status= live}}</ref>

In 2016, Bogotá has won 50 major international events, with 12 more world-class events in progress.<ref name = "BestCities"/> The 16th [[World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates]] took place from 2 to 5 February 2017 in Bogotá, Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bogota-nobelpeacesummit.com/index.php/es/|title=World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates|publisher=bogota-nobelpeacesummit.com|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008104428/http://www.bogota-nobelpeacesummit.com/index.php/es/|archive-date=8 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> One Young World is the preeminent global forum for young leaders, aged 18–30. Bogotá, Colombia is the host city for Summit 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneyoungworld.com/summit-2017/bogota-agenda|title=One Young World 2017 Bogotá Agenda|publisher=oneyoungworld.com|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008104708/https://www.oneyoungworld.com/summit-2017/bogota-agenda|archive-date=8 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Andino, entrada por la carrera 12.JPG|thumb|The [[Centro Andino]]]]
The hotels in the historical center of La Candelaria and its surrounding areas cater to lovers of culture and the arts. This area also has the bulk of hostels in the city as well. In La Candelaria, there are many museums, including the [[Botero Museum]] and the [[Gold Museum, Bogotá|Gold Museum]]. Close to La Candelaria is the Cerro [[Monserrate]], which you can reach by cable car or funicular. The hotels located near Ciudad Salitre are intended for visitors who make short stops in Bogotá and near [[El Dorado International Airport]].

Important landmarks and tourist stops in Bogotá include the [[Bogotá Botanical Garden|botanical garden José Celestino Mutis]], the [[Quinta de Bolívar]], the national observatory, the [[Planetarium of Bogotá|planetarium]], [[Maloka Museum|Maloka]], the Colpatria observation point, the observation point of [[La Calera, Cundinamarca|La Calera]], the monument of the American flags, and La Candelaria (the historical district of the city). There is also Usaquen, a colonial landmark where brunch and a flea market on Sundays is a traditional activity. The city has numerous green parks and amusement parks like Salitre Magico or Mundo Aventura.

Green areas surrounding Bogotá are perfect locations for eco-tourism and hiking activities. In the eastern mountains of the city, just a few minutes walking from main roads, there are Quebrada La vieja and Chapinero Waterfalls, two of many green spots for sightseeing and tourism with clean air.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chapinero waterfalls – Hiking a secret place in Bogotá – Review of Andes EcoTours, Bogota, Colombia – TripAdvisor|url = http://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g294074-d3644534-r151966535-Andes_EcoTours-Bogota.html|website = www.tripadvisor.com|access-date = 17 September 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150912120747/http://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g294074-d3644534-r151966535-Andes_EcoTours-Bogota.html|archive-date = 12 September 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Alameda de Quebrada Vieja (Bogota, Colombia): Address, Hiking Trail Reviews – TripAdvisor|url = http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g294074-d7762329-Reviews-Alameda_de_Quebrada_Vieja-Bogota.html|website = www.tripadvisor.com|access-date = 17 September 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151009232655/http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g294074-d7762329-Reviews-Alameda_de_Quebrada_Vieja-Bogota.html|archive-date = 9 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>

There are also several areas of the city where fine restaurants can be found. The G Zone, the T Zone, and La Macarena are well known for their gastronomic offerings.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.eltiempo.com/multimedia/especiales/vitrina-de-anato-10-restaurantes-para-visitar-en-bogota/15295571 "Ten restaurants to visit in Bogotá"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901125751/http://www.eltiempo.com/multimedia/especiales/vitrina-de-anato-10-restaurantes-para-visitar-en-bogota/15295571 |date=1 September 2016 }} ''El Tiempo'' 26 February 2015</ref>

Since the 2000s, major hotel chains have established themselves in the city. Bogotá has a great cultural diversity, coming from different regions of the country, which allows tourists to know the multiculturalism of the country without the need to travel to other cities, this includes gastronomy and different festivals.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:2019 Bogotá - Iglesia de Monserrate.jpg|[[Monserrate Sanctuary]] at top of [[Monserrate]] mount
File:Tga bogota 0427-1hgbbatlantis plaza3.jpg|Atlantis Plaza Mall, featuring the [[Hard Rock Cafe]]
File:Bogota, Colombia (25187139147).jpg|[[La Candelaria, Bogotá|La Candelaria]], the historical district of the city
File:Domo de Maloka.jpg|[[Maloka Museum]]
</gallery>

=== Shopping malls ===
[[File:CC Parque La Colina Bogotá N sep 2017 (1).jpg|thumb|Parque La Colina Shopping Mall]]

Bogotá's economy has been significantly boosted due to new shopping malls built within the last few years. {{as of|2011|December|}}, over 160 new malls are planned in addition to the existing 100 malls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://links.org.au/node/2673 |title=Colombia rising? &#124; Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal |publisher=Links.org.au |access-date=5 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108041750/http://links.org.au/node/2673 |archive-date=8 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Notable malls include:
* [[Centro Andino]]
* [[Centro Mayor]]
* [[Centro Comercial Santafe|Santafé]]
* [[Gran Estación]]
* [[Portal de la 80]]
* {{ill|Titán Plaza|es|Centro comercial Titán Plaza}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Calima|lt=Calima|es}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Atlantis Plaza|lt=Atlantis Plaza|es}}
* {{ill|Unicentro Bogotá|lt=Unicentro|es|Unicentro}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Hayuelos|lt=Hayuelos|es}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Pasadena|lt=Pasadena|es}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Iserra 100|lt=Iserra 100|es}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Colina|lt=Colina|es}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Hacienda Santa Barbara|lt=Hacienda Santa Barbara|es}}
* {{ill|Centro Comercial Metropolis|lt=Metropolis|es}}

== Media ==
Bogotá is home to [[:Template:Bogotá TV|several television stations]] like [[Canal Capital]] and [[Citytv Bogotá|Citytv]] which are local stations, [[Canal 13 (Colombia)|Canal 13]] is a regional station, and is home to the national channels [[Caracol TV]], [[RCN TV]], [[Canal Uno (Colombia)|Canal Uno]], [[Canal Institucional]], and [[Señal Colombia]]. It has multiple satellite television services like {{Lang|es|[[Telefónica]]|italic=no}}, [[Claro Americas|Claro]] and [[DirecTV]] and several satellite dishes which offer hundreds of international channels, plus several exclusive channels for Bogotá.

In Bogotá, all the major radio networks in the country are available, in both AM and FM; 70% of the FM stations offer [[Radio Data System|RDS service]].
There are several newspapers, including ''[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]]'', ''[[El Espectador]]'' and ''[[El Nuevo Siglo]]'', plus economical dailies ''La República'' and ''Portafolio'', tabloids ''El Espacio'', ''Q'Hubo'', and ''Extra''. Bogotá also offers three free newspapers, two Spanish, ADN and [[Publimetro]], and one English, The Bogotá Post.

{{Further|topic=the 1849 former newspaper|La Voz del Pueblo (Bogotá)|label1=La Voz del Pueblo}}

== Infrastructure ==
[[File:Avenida Caracas calle 40 A Casa de ladrillo.JPG|thumb|An old house in the [[Teusaquillo]] locality, near downtown Bogotá (''Estrato 4'')]]

Energy and sewer bills are stratified based on the location of owner's residence,<ref>{{cite web|year=2008 |url=http://www.gobiernobogota.gov.co/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_details/Itemid,/gid,432/ |title=Proyecto de Acuerdo 651 de 2008 |publisher=Secretaria de Gobierno de Bogotá |access-date=29 December 2008 |language=es }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The system is the classification of the residential properties that should receive public services.<ref name="estrato">CONGRESO DE COLOMBIA. Ley 142 de 1994 (julio 11), artículo 102.</ref> Although the system does not consider the income per person and the rules say that the residential real estate should stratify and not households.<ref name = "Preguntas frecuentes estratificación">{{cite web|title= Preguntas_frecuentes_estratificación|url= https://www.dane.gov.co/files/geoestadistica/Preguntas_frecuentes_estratificacion.pdf|publisher= dane.gov.co|access-date= 18 December 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171019/http://www.dane.gov.co/files/geoestadistica/Preguntas_frecuentes_estratificacion.pdf|archive-date= 24 May 2012|url-status= live}}</ref> All mayors should do the stratification of residential properties of their municipality or district.<ref name="estrato"/>

Bogotá's social strata have been divided as follows and have been extensively used by the government as a reference to develop social welfare programs, statistical information and to some degree for the assignment of lands.
* Estrato 1 (lowest)
* Estrato 2 (low)
* Estrato 3 (mid-low)
* Estrato 4 (mid-high)
* Estrato 5 (high)
* Estrato 6 (highest)
{{clear}}

== Transport ==

In addition to TransMilenio, the Peñalosa administration and voter-approved referendums helped to establish travel restrictions on cars with certain license plate numbers during peak hours called [[Pico y placa]] (peak, as in hour, and plate, as in license plate); {{convert|121|km|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} of [[Ciclovía]] on Sundays and major holidays; a massive system ({{convert|376|km|0|abbr=on}} {{As of|2013|lc=y}}) of bicycle paths and segregated lanes called ''[[Bogotá's Bike Paths Network|ciclorrutas]]''; and the removal of thousands of parking spots in an attempt to make roads more pedestrian-friendly and discourage car use. ''Ciclorrutas'' is one of the most extensive dedicated bike path networks of any city in the world, with a total extension of {{convert|376|km|0|abbr=off|sp=us}}. It extends from the north of the city, 170th Street, to the south, 27th Street, and from [[Monserrate]] on the east to the [[Bogotá River]] on the west. The ''ciclorruta'' was started by the 1995–1998 [[Antanas Mockus]] administration with a few kilometers, and considerably extended afterwards with the development of a Bicycle Master Plan and the addition of paths hundreds of kilometers in extent.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cambio.com.co/paiscambio/762/ARTICULO-WEB-NOTA_INTERIOR_CAMBIO-3948271.html |title= Bogotanos olvidaron para qué fue creado el Día sin carro |publisher= Cambio |access-date= 29 December 2008 |date= 2 November 2008 |language= es |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080820102143/http://www.cambio.com.co/paiscambio/762/ARTICULO-WEB-NOTA_INTERIOR_CAMBIO-3948271.html |archive-date= 20 August 2008 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Since the construction of the ''ciclorruta'' bicycle use in the city has increased, and a car free week was introduced in 2014.<ref name=greenblog>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Danny |title=Bogota citizens give up automobiles in first ever Car Free Week |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2014/02/26/bogota-citizens-give-up-automobiles-first-ever-car-free-week/ |access-date=28 August 2014 |agency=autobloggreen |publisher=green.autoblog.com |date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819223148/http://green.autoblog.com/2014/02/26/bogota-citizens-give-up-automobiles-first-ever-car-free-week/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Articulado de Transmilenio en el Eje Ambiental.JPG|Bi-articulated [[TransMilenio]] bus
File:Bogotá - Bus del SITP por la carrera 11.jpg|Urban (SITP) bus, part of the [[Integrated Public Transport System (Bogotá)|integrated public transport system]]
File:Bogotá - Centro Inernacional Ciclorruta cl 10.JPG|Bikepath in central Bogotá
File:Trancon Autonorte.jpg|Traffic on the Northern Highway ([[Autopista Norte]])
</gallery>

=== Roads ===
{{See also|Bike paths in Bogotá}}[[File:TransMilenio Bogota Map.png|thumb|Map of the [[TransMilenio]] system]]
In addition to this, the metropolis currently{{when|date=January 2025}} has over 650 kilometers of urban bicycle paths divided among its 20 boroughs, making it the city with the largest bicycle lane system on the planet. Bogotá massive urban growth during the 20th and 21st centuries due to immigration and rapid urbanization of neighboring cities has placed a strain on the city's downtown avenues and highways, but since the creation of the Bogota Metropolitan area in 1990 significant efforts to upgrade the city's infrastructure have been undertaken, including the construction of several new avenues and boulevards, as well as the construction of the first two lines of the Bogota Metro. In recent years{{when|date=January 2025}}, the capital district has embarked on several city building projects including the expansion of the Avenida Boyaca and Autopista Norte, as well as the construction of the brand new Avenida Guayacanes, a 13-kilometer 8-lane avenue currently being constructed from scratch in the boroughs of Bosa and Kennedy, as well as the excavations for the city's second metro line.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2015/08/13/better-transport-water-and-sanitation-for-the-urban-poor-in-bogota|title=Better Transport, Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor in Bogotá|website=Worldbank.org|access-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518025854/http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2015/08/13/better-transport-water-and-sanitation-for-the-urban-poor-in-bogota|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Private car ownership forms a major part of the congestion, in addition to taxis, buses, and commercial vehicles.

=== Buses ===

Buses remain the main means of mass transit. There are two bus systems: the traditional system and the [[TransMilenio]] BRT system. The city's administration is currently in the process of replacing and updating the entire fleet for the [[TransMilenio]] BRT system, adopting Euro VI-standard CNG-powered buses as well as electric buses. Once completed, Bogotá will have the largest electric bus fleet in the world outside China.

The traditional system runs a variety of bus types, operated by several companies on normal streets and avenues: ''Bus'' (large buses), ''Buseta'' (medium size buses) and ''Colectivo'' (vans or minivans). The bigger buses were divided into two categories: ''Ejecutivo'', which was originally to be a deluxe service and was not to carry standing passengers, and ''corriente'' or normal service. Since May 2008, all buses run as ''corriente'' services. Bogotá is a [[Transportation hub|hub]] for domestic and international bus routes. The Bogotá terminal serves routes to most cities and towns in Colombia<ref>{{cite web |year= 2008 |url= http://www.bogota-dc.com/trans/terminal.htm |title= Bogotá Transportation Terminal & Train Station |publisher= Bogotá-dc.com |access-date= 29 December 2008 |language= es |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081224032444/http://www.bogota-dc.com/trans/terminal.htm |archive-date= 24 December 2008 |url-status= usurped}}</ref> and is the largest in the country. There is international service to Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.

The [[TransMilenio]] system was created during [[Enrique Peñalosa]]'s mayoral term,<ref>{{cite web |year= 2008 |url= http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/articulo-millonaria-condena-al-distrito-fallas-transmilenio |title= Millonaria condena al Distrito por fallas en Transmilenio |publisher= El Espectador |access-date= 29 December 2008 |language= es |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110216163714/http://elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/articulo-millonaria-condena-al-distrito-fallas-transmilenio |archive-date= 16 February 2011 |url-status= live }}</ref> and is a form of [[bus rapid transit]] that has been deployed as a measure to compensate for the lack of a subway or rail system. TransMilenio combines articulated buses that operate on dedicated bus roads (busways) and smaller buses (feeders) that operate in residential areas, bringing passengers to the main grid. TransMilenio's main routes are: Caracas Avenue, Northern Highway (''[[Autopista Norte]]''), 80th Street, Americas Avenue, Jiménez Avenue, and 30th Avenue (also referred to as ''Norte Quito Sur'' or ''N.Q.S.'' for short). Routes for Suba Avenue and Southern Highway (''Autopista Sur''), the southern leg of the 30th Avenue, were opened in April 2006. The third phase of the system will cover 7th Avenue, 10th Avenue, and 26th Street (or ''Avenida El Dorado''). The system is planned to cover the entire city by 2030. Although the Transmilenio carries commuters to numerous corners of the city, it is more expensive (US$0.80 or 2300 COP) than any public transport, except taxis.

=== Air ===

[[File:Aeropuerto Bogotá.JPG|thumb|[[El Dorado International Airport]]]]
Bogotá's main airport is [[El Dorado International Airport]], with an approximate area of {{cvt|6.9|km2}} located west of the city's downtown in the [[Fontibón]] Locality. Globally known as The Hub of the Americas, it is the busiest airport in Latin America and Colombia. Construction of the airport was ordered by [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] (19th President of Colombia) in 1955 to replace the {{Ill|Techo Airport|es|Aeropuerto de Techo}}. Due to its central location in Colombia and in Latin America, it is a hub for Colombia's Flagship Carrier [[Avianca]], [[Copa Airlines Colombia]] and [[LATAM Colombia]]. It is also serviced by a number of international airlines including American, Delta, United, Air France, KLM, Turkish Airlines, Edelweiss, Lufthansa, Emirates, Iberia and Air Canada. The national airport has begun to take more responsibility due to the congestion at the international airport. In response to the high demand of approximately 27 Million passengers per year,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifly.com/bogota-eldorado-airport|title=Bogota El Nuevo Dorado BOG Airport – Bogota, Colombia|work=ifly.com|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521172031/http://www.ifly.com/bogota-eldorado-airport|archive-date=21 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

A secondary airport, [[Military Transport Air Command (Colombian Air Force)|CATAM]], serves as a base for Military and Police Aviation. This airport, which uses the runways of El Dorado will eventually move to Madrid, a nearby town in the region of Cundinamarca, leaving further space to expand El Dorado.<ref>{{cite web |year=2013 |url=http://colombiareports.co/colombia-to-move-air-force-base-expand-bogota-airport/ |title=Colombia to move military airbase to expand El Dorado airport |publisher=Colombia Reports |access-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109135011/http://colombiareports.co/colombia-to-move-air-force-base-expand-bogota-airport/ |archive-date=9 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Guaymaral Airport]] is another small airport located in the northern boundaries of Bogotá. It is used mainly for private aviation activities.

=== Water ===

In 2024, the City Council approved a megaproject that would be carried out in three phases: the first phase would be implemented in the first year, with a main port, docks and vessels all along the [[Bogotá River]], at a cost of 250 billion pesos and would contemplate the transport of up to 120,000 passengers per day, with seven possible routes that would cover distances such as from the boroughs of Suba to Bosa (with the [[El Dorado International Airport]] station in between) in a time no longer than 40 minutes. The next two phases, which would also require an investment of nearly 250 billion pesos, would be aimed at strengthening the system and increasing passenger capacity. With this measure, the Bogotá River is expected to become a vital artery for transport and regional connectivity, improving citizens' quality of life and fostering more balanced and sustainable urban development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2024/05/29/ciudadanos-podran-transportarse-por-el-rio-bogota-los-pasajeros-iran-de-bosa-a-suba-en-40-minutos/|title=Ciudadanos podrán transportarse por el río Bogotá: los pasajeros irán de Bosa a Suba en 40 minutos|work=ifly.com|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521172031/http://www.ifly.com/bogota-eldorado-airport|archive-date=21 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Rail ===

==== Urban rail ====

{{Main|Bogotá Metro|Trams in Bogotá}}

{{See also|Bogotá Savannah Railway|RegioTram}}

Bogotá has little railway transit infrastructure, following the collapse of the tram network, although a number of plans hope to change that. The [[Bogotá Metro]] has been pushed forward by two successive governments, and construction began in 2020 with opening planned for 2028.<ref>{{cite web |title=Construction of the First Line of the Bogotá Metro begins! |url=https://bogota.gov.co/en/international/construction-first-line-bogotas-metro-begins |website=bogota.gov.co |access-date=10 February 2021 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725163307/https://bogota.gov.co/en/international/construction-first-line-bogotas-metro-begins |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Suburban rail ====

Plans to construct railways in and out of the city, replacing defunct routes, have been delayed due to the pressing need for transport within the city.<ref>[http://www.elespectador.com/impreso/articuloimpreso90115-se-mueve-el-tren-de-cercanias Se mueve el tren de cercanías] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924070634/http://www.elespectador.com/impreso/articuloimpreso90115-se-mueve-el-tren-de-cercanias |date=24 September 2015 }}, [[El Espectador]], 12 November 2008</ref> A [[tram train]] line using right-of-way from the defunct Bogotá Savannah Railway, known as [[RegioTram]] is being constructed.

==== History ====

On 25 December 1884, the first tramway pulled by mules was inaugurated and covered the route from [[Bolívar Square|Plaza de Bolívar]] to Chapinero,<ref name="PorupRaub2009">{{cite book |author1=Porup, Jens |author2=Raub, Kevin |author3=Reid, Robert |title=Colombia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kw78V-p1aY4C&pg=PA63 |access-date=10 March 2013 |date=6 June 2009 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74220-326-3 |pages=63– |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620222901/http://books.google.com/books?id=Kw78V-p1aY4C&pg=PA63 |archive-date=20 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and in 1892, the line connecting Plaza de Bolívar and La Sabana Station started operating. The tramway ran over wooden rails and was easily derailed, so steel rails imported from Britain were eventually installed. In 1894, a tramway car ran the Bogotá–Chapinero line every 20 minutes. {{Citation needed|date=November 2015}} The tram system eventually grew to cover most of the city and its surrounding suburbs. But during the [[Bogotazo]] riots of 1948, the system suffered heavy damage and was forced to close. The economic effects of the [[La Violencia|subsequent civil war]] that followed prevented the damage from being repaired. Parts of the system continued to operate in a reduced state until 1951, when they were replaced by buses. Most of the streetcar tracks were eventually paved over, but exposed tracks can still be seen on many of the older roads of the city, especially downtown and in the [[La Candelaria, Bogotá|La Candelaria]] area, although it has been about 70 years{{When|date=October 2017}} since any vehicles have run on them.

=== Cycling ===
{{Main|Bike paths in Bogotá}}

Bogotá has most extensive and comprehensive network of bike paths in Colombia. Bogotá's bike paths network or Ciclorrutas de Bogotá in Spanish, designed and built during the administration of Mayors [[Antanas Mockus]] and [[Enrique Peñalosa]], is also one of the most extensive in the world and the most extensive in Latin America.<ref>{{cite book |title=Colombia |last=Woods |first=Sarah |page=123 |year=2012 |publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]] |isbn=9781841623641 }}</ref> The network is integrated with the [[TransMilenio]] bus system which has bicycle parking facilities, therefore rendering it feasible to cross the entire metropolitan area while riding a bike.

Bogotá implemented a healthy lifestyle program called "Ciclovía", through which principal highways are closed from 7:00&nbsp;a.m. until 2:00 pm on Sundays and public holidays. Thanks to the "Ciclovía", the general population rides its bikes enjoying the city as well as exercising. In addition, cars do not circulate as heavily, so there is less pollution. Along the same lines, just during the month of December, the same activity is carried out at night; there are some special amenities and activities, such as fireworks, street theater performances, and street food vendors.

Since 4 April 2016 the [[carrera 11]] has been reduced from four to three car lanes and a new bike lane (''ciclorruta'') has been inaugurated.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/carrera-11-bogota-volvera-ser-un-solo-sentido-articulo-611894 Carrera 11 de 4 a 3 carriles con un carril doble sentido para bicicletas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403185808/http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/carrera-11-bogota-volvera-ser-un-solo-sentido-articulo-611894 |date=3 April 2016 }} – [[Caracol Radio]] – Retrieved 25 April 2016</ref>

=== Public transport statistics ===

The average time spent commuting via public transit in Bogotá on a weekday (for example, to and from work) is 97 minutes total. 32% of riders spend more than 2 hours each day riding on public transportation. The average time spent waiting at a stop or station for public transit to arrive is 20 minutes, while 40% of riders wait for over 20 minutes every day. The average distance traveled via public transit is 8&nbsp;kilometers, with 16% of trips being over 12&nbsp;kilometers in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bogota Public Transportation Statistics|publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit|url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Colombia_Bogota-762|access-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901030329/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Colombia_Bogota-762|archive-date=1 September 2017|url-status=live}} [[File:CC BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=16 October 2017 }}.</ref>

== Education ==
{{Main|List of universities in Bogotá}}

Known as the Athens of South America,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drclas.harvard.edu/revista/articles/view/242 |title=Colombia |publisher=Drclas.harvard.edu |access-date=25 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703145510/http://www.drclas.harvard.edu/revista/articles/view/242 |archive-date=3 July 2009  }}</ref> Bogotá has an extensive educational system of both primary and secondary schools and colleges. Due to the constant migration of people into the nation's capital, the availability of quotas for access to education offered by the State free of charge is often insufficient. The city also has a diverse system of colleges and private schools.

There are a number of universities, both public and private. In 2002, there were a total of 113 higher education institutions; in Bogotá there are several universities, most partially or fully accredited by the NAC (National Accreditation Council): [[National University of Colombia]], [[University of the Andes, Colombia]], [[District University of Bogotá]], [[La Salle University, Colombia]], [[University of La Sabana]], [[Pontifical Xavierian University]], [[Our Lady of the Rosary University]], [[Universidad Externado de Colombia]], [[New Granada Military University|Nueva Granada Military University]], [[Central University (Colombia)|Central University, Colombia]], [[El Bosque University]], University of America, [[Sergio Arboleda University]], [[Jorge Tadeo Lozano University]], [[Pilot University of Colombia]], [[Catholic University of Colombia]], [[Saint Thomas Aquinas University]] and [[National Pedagogic University (Colombia)|Universidad Pedagógica Nacional]].

The city has a University City at the National University of Colombia campus located in the traditional sector Teusaquillo. It is the largest campus in Colombia and one of the largest in Latin America.

A private school, Chapinero's English Royal School (''Colegio Inglaterra Real de Chapinero''), existed from 2008 until 2021, when it closed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].

<gallery class="centre" widths="200" heights="150">
File:Claustro de la Universidad de Nuestra Señora del Rosario.jpg|The [[Del Rosario University]] housed in its Colonial era building
File:UNLuis carlos sarmiento angulo.jpg|Luis Carlos Sarmiento Building of Science and Technology at the [[National University of Colombia]]
File:Centro Ático.JPG|Centro Ático at [[Pontifical Xavierian University]]
File:Universidad de los Andes (3326108271).jpg|Mario Laserna Building at the [[University of Los Andes (Colombia)|University of the Andes]]
File:Universidad el Bosque de Bogotá sep 2018.jpg|Liberators Building at [[El Bosque University]]
File:Sede Bogota.jpg|[[Sergio Arboleda University]]
File:USTA-Bogotá.JPG|Main Cloister at [[Saint Thomas Aquinas University]]
</gallery>

== Culture ==
[[File:Ciclovía por la Carrera Séptima.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ciclovía]] in Bogotá]]
Bogotá has many cultural venues including 58 museums, 62 art galleries, 150 libraries (of different types), 45 stage theaters, 75 sports and attraction parks, and over 150 national monuments.<ref name="colombia.travel">{{Cite web |title=Bogotá: a city for experiencing culture |url=http://www.colombia.travel/en/international-tourist/where-to-go/recommended-weekend-destinations/bogota |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804174411/http://www.colombia.travel/en/international-tourist/where-to-go/recommended-weekend-destinations/bogota |archive-date=4 August 2009 |access-date=9 January 2025 |website=Official Tourism Portal of Colombia}}</ref> Many of these are renowned globally such as: [[BibloRed|BibloRed, Bogotá's Public Libraries Network]],<ref name="pub113"/> the [[Luis Ángel Arango Library]], the most important in the region{{according to whom|date=September 2015}} which receives well over 6 million visitors a year;<ref>Banco de la Republica [https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122019/http://www.lablaa.org/prensa/boletin_sub_gerencia.pdf "2008 Press Release"]. Retrieved 3 September 2009.</ref> the [[Colombian National Museum]], one of the oldest in the Americas, dating back to 1823;<ref>Museo Nacional de Colombia [http://www.museonacional.gov.co/index.php?pag=home&id=6|43|0& "History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606070236/http://www.museonacional.gov.co/index.php?pag=home&id=6%7C43%7C0& |date=6 June 2013 }}. Retrieved 3 September 2009.</ref> the [[Ibero-American Theater Festival]], largest of its kind in the world, receives 2 million attendees enjoying over 450 performances across theaters and off the street;<ref>Colombia Official Tourism Portal [http://www.colombia.travel/en/international-tourist/what-to-do/history-and-tradition/fairs-and-festivals/april/ibero-american-theater-festival-of-bogota "Ibero-American Theater Festival of Bogotá: The Largest Theater Showcase in the World"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605140033/http://www.colombia.travel/en/international-tourist/what-to-do/history-and-tradition/fairs-and-festivals/april/ibero-american-theater-festival-of-bogota |date=5 June 2009 }}</ref> the [[Bogotá Philharmonic]] is the most important{{according to whom|date=September 2015}} [[symphony orchestra]] in Colombia, with over 100 musicians and 140 performances a year.<ref>Filarmonica de Bogotá [http://www.filarmonicabogota.gov.co/secciones/historia/lineatiempo.htm "Philarmonic Timeline"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105174325/http://www.filarmonicabogota.gov.co/secciones/historia/lineatiempo.htm |date=5 January 2009 }}</ref> The city has been a member of the [[Creative Cities Network|UNESCO Creative Cities Network]] in the category of music since March 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/bogota_designated_as_unesco_city_of_music/ |title= Bogota designated as UNESCO City of Music |agency= United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |website= www.unesco.org |language= en |access-date= 3 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181003221108/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/bogota_designated_as_unesco_city_of_music/ |archive-date= 3 October 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2007, Bogotá was named [[World Book Capital]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref name=":5" />

The Cristóbal Colón Theater, the country's oldest Opera House, opened in 1892. It is home to the National Symphony Association's major act, the [[National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia]].<ref>Ministerio de Cultura [http://www1.mincultura.gov.co/nuevo/teatro_colon/historia_colon.php "Cristobal Colon Theater"]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[File:Baile de campesinos.jpg|thumb|''Dance of peasants of Bogotá savanna'', 1878, by [[Ramón Torres Méndez]]. Museo de la Independencia Casa del Florero.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjU3OjRYFGYC&dq=baile+de+campesinos+ramon+torres&pg=PP63|title=Costumbres santafereñas|author=[[Ramón Torres Méndez]]|year=1875|publisher=E. V. Sperling|access-date=30 September 2023|archive-date=21 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021163039/https://books.google.com/books?id=AjU3OjRYFGYC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PP63&dq=baile+de+campesinos+ramon+torres&hl=es-419&source=newbks_fb#v=onepage&q=baile%20de%20campesinos%20ramon%20torres&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/baile-de-campesinos/PwGmxDaPYjbVxQ?hl=es-419|title=Baile de campesinos, Bogotá|author=[[Ramón Torres Méndez]]|year=1878|website=[[Google Arts and Culture]] website|access-date=30 September 2023|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002224025/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/baile-de-campesinos/PwGmxDaPYjbVxQ?hl=es-419|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Rock al Parque]] or Rock at the Park is an open air rock music festival. Recurring annually, it gathers over 320,000 music fans who can enjoy over 60 band performances for free during three days a year.<ref>Rock at the Park [http://www.rockalparque.gov.co/ "15th Edition of the Concert is over"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229050323/http://www.rockalparque.gov.co/ |date=29 December 2009 }}</ref> The series have been so successful during its 15 years of operation that the city has replicated the initiative for other music genres, resulting in other recent festivals like Salsa at the Park, Hip Hop at the Park, Ballet at the Park, Opera at the Park, and Jazz at the Park.

[[Kids' Choice Awards Colombia]], are the awards given in the city by [[Nickelodeon]] and the first ceremony was given in 2014 by the singer [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]] and in [[Corferias]] the ceremony has been the home of shows given by artists like [[Austin Mahone]], [[Carlos Peña]]{{clarify|date=October 2020|reason=the baseball analyst?}}, [[Don Tetto]] and [[Riva (singer)|Riva]] among others.

Bogotá has worked in recent years to position itself as leader in cultural offerings in South America, and it is increasingly being recognized worldwide as a hub in the region for the development of the arts.<ref>Scoop Independent News, New Zealand [http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0704/S00398.htm "Cultural Diversity Highlighted"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329033325/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0704/S00398.htm |date=29 March 2010 }} 24 April 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |work=Sun Sentinel |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sun_sentinel/access/993698241.html?dids=993698241:993698241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT& |title=Give Bogota a try (no kidding) citty boasts arts, scenery and great food |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724083014/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sun_sentinel/access/993698241.html?dids=993698241:993698241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT& |archive-date=24 July 2013 |date=26 February 2006 |url-access=subscription |first1=Seth |last1=Kugel }}</ref><ref>Inter Press Service [http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36061 "COLOMBIA: Open Your Books, Please, Bogotá"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329030203/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36061 |date=29 March 2010 }}</ref><ref>Noticias de Bogotá: Arte [http://www.barriosdebogota.com/abrio-las-puertas-la-feria-de-arte-de-bogota-artbo/ "ArtBo 2009 – Reportaje"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330151207/http://www.barriosdebogota.com/abrio-las-puertas-la-feria-de-arte-de-bogota-artbo/ |date=30 March 2010 }}</ref>
In 2007, Bogotá was awarded the title of Cultural Capital of [[Ibero-America]] by the UCCI ([[Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities]]), and it became the only city to have received the recognition twice, after being awarded for the first time in 1991.<ref>Universia [http://www.universia.net.co/cultura/destacado/bogota-por-segunda-vez-capital-iberoamericana-de-la-cultura.html "Bogota Ibero-American Capital of Culture for Second Time"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130101193737/http://www.universia.net.co/cultura/destacado/bogota-por-segunda-vez-capital-iberoamericana-de-la-cultura.html |date=1 January 2013 }}</ref>

=== Cultural history ===
Bogotá gave the Spanish-speaking world [[José Asunción Silva]] (1865–1896), [[Modernism]] pioneer. His poetic work in the novel ''De sobremesa'' has a place in outstanding American literature. [[Rafael Pombo]] (1833–1912) was an [[American romanticism]] poet who left a collection of fables essential part of children imagination and Colombian tradition.

=== Architecture ===
[[File:Construcción del BD Bacatá.JPG|thumb|upright|[[BD Bacatá]], under construction, will be the city's tallest building.]]

The urban morphology and typology of colonial buildings in Bogotá have been maintained since the late nineteenth century, long after the independence of Colombia (1810). {{citation needed|date=February 2015}} This persistence of the colonial setting is still visible, particularly in La Candelaria, the historical center of Bogotá. Also kept up are the colonial houses of two stories, with courtyards, gabled roofs, ceramic tiles and balconies. In some cases, these balconies were enclosed with glass windows during the Republican period, a distinguishing feature of the architecture of the sector (for example, the House of Rafael Pombo).{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}}

"Republican Architecture" was the style that prevailed between 1830 and 1930.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} Although there were attempts to consolidate a modern architectural language, the only examples seen are University City and White City at the National University of Colombia (constructed 1936–39). This work was developed by German architect [[Leopold Rother]], although architects of rationalist trends participated in the design of campus buildings. There are also architecture trends such as art deco, expressionism and organic architecture. This last trend was typified by Bogotan architects in the second half of the twentieth century such as [[Rogelio Salmona]].

In 2015 [[BD Bacatá]] was inaugurated, surpassing the [[Torre Colpatria|Colpatria Tower]] to become the tallest building of the city and of Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bdbacata.com/|title=BD Bacatá – Sitio Oficial|work=bdbacata.com|access-date=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328103033/http://bdbacata.com/|archive-date=28 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The building its expected to be the beginning of the city's downtown renovation.
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Centro empresarial St bárbara Bogotá.JPG|Santa Barbara business district
File:Casas en La Merced, Bogotá.JPG|[[Victorian architecture]] in [[Teusaquillo]]
File:Torres del parque torre B.JPG|Torres del Parque
File:La Santa Maria.JPG|Santa Maria [[bullring]]
</gallery>

=== Libraries and archives ===
In 2007, Bogotá was named [[World Book Capital]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref name=":5">UNESCO [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27412&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html "World Book Capital City"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715195230/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D27412%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html |date=15 July 2019 }} 2007</ref> Bogotá is the first Latin American city to receive this recognition, and the second one in the Americas after [[Montreal]]. It stood out in programs, the library network and the presence of organizations that, in a coordinated manner, are working to promote books and reading in the city. Several specific initiatives for the World Book Capital program have been undertaken with the commitment of groups, both public and private, engaged in the book sector.

The city is home to the [[Biblored]], a network which administers 146 small and four large public libraries (Biblioteca Virgilio Barco, Biblioteca El Tintal, Biblioteca El Tunal and Biblioteca Julio Mario Santodomingo).<ref name="pub113"/> It also has six branches of the Library Network of the Family Compensation Fund Colsubsidio and libraries and documentation centers attached to institutions like the Museo Nacional de Colombia (specializing in old books, catalogs and art), [[Bogotá Museum of Modern Art]], the Alliance Française, and the Centro Colombo Americano.

Another set of libraries are the new collaborative initiatives between the state, city and international agencies. Examples are the Cultural Center Gabriel García Marquez, custom designed by the Fondo de Cultura Economica in Mexico, and the Spanish Cultural Center, which will begin construction with public funds and of the Spanish government in downtown Bogotá. {{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

The [[National Library of Colombia]] (1777), a dependence of the Ministry of Culture and the Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango (1958), a dependence of the Bank of the Republic are the two largest public libraries in the city. The first is the repository of more than two million volumes, with an important collection of ancient books. The latter has almost two million volumes, and with {{convert|45000|m2|sqft|lk=out|abbr=on}} in size, it hosts 10,000 visitors a day; the Library Alfonso Palacio Rudas is also a dependence of the Bank of the Republic, and is located at the north of the city, with about 50,000 volumes. Other large public libraries are the Library of Congress in Colombia (with 100,000 volumes), of the Instituto Caro y Cuervo (with nearly 200,000 volumes, the largest Latin American library in Philology and Linguistics), the Library of the Academy of History The Library of the Academy of Language, the Library of the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History ICANH, and many university libraries.

Bogotá is home to historical records housed in the General National Archive, a collection of about 60 million documents, one of the largest repositories of primary historical sources in Latin America. Bogotá is also home to the Musical Archive of the Cathedral of Bogotá (with thousands of books and choral song-colonial period), the Archdiocesan Archive, the Archive of the Conciliar Seminary of Bogotá, the Archive History National University of Colombia and the Archive of the Mint in Bogotá, under the Bank of the Republic.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Biblioteca nacional Bogotá.JPG|[[National Library of Colombia]]
File:Biblioteca Julio Mario Santodomingo .jpg|Julio Mario Santo Domingo Public Library
File:Biblioteca Virgilio Barco Bogotá Colombia.jpg|Virgilio Barco Public Library
File:Biblioteca Tintal.jpg|El Tintal Public Library
</gallery>

=== Museums and galleries ===
{{See also|List of museums in Colombia#Capital District}}[[File:Fachada museo nacional.JPG|thumb|[[Colombian National Museum]]]]

As of 2009, the city had 58 museums and 62 art galleries.<ref name="colombia.travel"/> The [[National Museum of Colombia]] has acquisitions divided into four collections: art, history, archeology and ethnography. The [[Gold Museum, Bogotá|Gold Museum]], with 35,000 pieces of tumbaga gold, along with 30,000 objects in ceramic, stone and textiles, represents the largest collection of pre-Columbian gold in the world.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

The [[Museo Botero]] has 123 works of Fernando Botero and 87 works by international artists. The [[Bogotá Museum of Modern Art]] has a collection of graphic arts, industrial design and photography. The Museum of Colonial Art is home to an important collection of colonial art from Colombia. Fundación Gilberto Alzate Avendaño hosts activities related to the performing arts and shows temporary exhibits of art in its halls and galleries.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

Among the scientific museums are the Archeological Museum – Casa del Marqués de San Jorge, which has about 30 thousand pieces of pre-Columbian art, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (UN), one of the four largest museums of natural sciences in Latin America, and the Geological Museum, which has a collection specializing in Geology and Paleontology.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

Bogotá has historical museums like the [[Jorge Eliecer Gaitan Museum]], the Museum of Independence (Museo de la Independencia), the [[Quinta de Bolívar]] and the Casa Museo Francisco José de Caldas, as well as the headquarters of Maloka and the [[Children's Museum of Bogotá]]. New museums include the Art Deco and the Museum of Bogotá.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Museo AColonialB.jpg|[[Colonial Art Museum of Bogotá]]
File:BOG 04 2012 Museo de Oro 1278.JPG|[[Gold Museum, Bogotá|Gold Museum of Bogotá]]
File:Museo Botero, Bogota (50077504732).jpg|[[Museo Botero|Botero Museum]]
</gallery>

=== Theater and arts ===
[[File:FITB.jpg|upright=0.85|thumb|[[Ibero-American Theater Festival]]]]
[[File:Picolontheaterj.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Teatro de Cristóbal Colón]]'' (Christopher Columbus Theater)]]

Besides the [[Ibero-American Theater Festival]], the largest theater festival in the world, the city has forty-five theaters; the principal ones are the [[Teatro de Cristóbal Colón|Colon Theater]], the newly built {{ill|Julio Mario Santo Domingo Cultural Center|lt=Teatro Mayor Julio Mario Santo Domingo|es|Biblioteca Pública Julio Mario Santo Domingo}}, the National Theater with its two venues, the traditional TPB Hall, the Theater of La Candelaria, the Camarin del Carmen (over 400 years old, formerly a convent), the Colsubsidio, and a symbol of the city, the renovated [[Teatro Jorge Eliécer Gaitán]], León de Greiff Auditorium (home of the Bogotá Philharmonic Orchestra), and the Open Air Theater "La Media Torta", where musical events are also held.

The Ibero-American Theater Festival, is not the only acclaimed festival. There are many other regional and local theater festivals that are celebrated and maintain the city active year-round . Amongst these is the "Alternative Theater Festival".{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

Bogotá has its own film festival, the [[Bogotá Film Festival]], and many theaters, showing both contemporary films and art cinema. Bogotá's international art fair, [[ArtBo]], takes place in October of every year and showcases thousands of works covering arts across all formats, movements, and concepts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecitypaperbogota.com/culture/the-international-art-fair-of-bogota-ready-to-host-the-world/20815|title=The International Art Fair of Bogotá ready to host the world|last=Staff|first=The City Paper|date=17 October 2018|website=The City Paper Bogotá|language=en-US|access-date=10 February 2019|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927230145/https://thecitypaperbogota.com/culture/the-international-art-fair-of-bogota-ready-to-host-the-world/20815|url-status=live}}</ref>

The main cultural center of the city is the La Candelaria, historic center of the city, with a concentration of universities and museums. In 2007 Bogotá was designated the Ibero-American cultural Capital of Iberoamerica.

=== Religion ===
Before the [[Spanish conquest of the Muisca|Spanish conquest]], the beliefs of the inhabitants of Bogotá formed part of the [[Muisca religion]]. From the colonial period onwards, the city has been predominantly Roman Catholic. Proof of this religious tradition is the number of churches built in the historic city center. The city has been seat of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bogotá]] since 22 March 1564. The seat of the Archbishop is the [[Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá]]; the archdiocese itself is located in new buildings in the north of the city.

As of 2023, Bogotá had six mosques,<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Inigo |date=5 April 2023 |title=From the Ottomans to the oil boom: Inside Colombia's Arab and Muslim community |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/colombia-inside-arab-muslim-community |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005034254/https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/colombia-inside-arab-muslim-community |archive-date=5 October 2024 |access-date=26 October 2024 |website=[[Middle East Eye]] |language=en}}</ref> including [[Abou Bakr Al-Siddiq Mosque]] on Calle 80 and Carrera 30,<ref>[http://mezquitabogota.org/index.html Casa | Mezquita Bogota, Islam en bogota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235319/http://mezquitabogota.org/index.html|date=2 December 2013}}. Mezquitabogota.org.</ref> Estambul mosque in Chapinero,<ref>[http://mezquitaestambulbogota.es.tl/PORTADA-.htm Portada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512211338/http://mezquitaestambulbogota.es.tl/PORTADA-.htm |date=12 May 2013 }}. Mezquita Estambul Bogota.</ref> and Centro de Estudios Al-Qurtubi on Calle 60.<ref>[http://www.piensaislam.com/ Islam en Colombia, Bogota: Mezquita, Conferencias, Información] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405031902/http://piensaislam.com/ |date=5 April 2013 }}. Piensaislam.com.</ref>

There are a total of four synagogues in Bogotá, the main [[Ashkenazi]] Jewish synagogue is located on 94th street.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

An Eastern Orthodox church and the San Pablo Anglican Cathedral, the mother church of the Episcopal Church in Colombia, are both located in Chapinero. The [[Bogotá Colombia Temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] is located in the Niza neighborhood. There are four Buddhist centers located in the north of the city. There is also a wide variety of Protestant churches in different parts of the city, including the Bogotá Baptist Chapel, the non-denominational Union Church, and the St. Matthaus Evangelical Lutheran Church which holds services in German as well as Spanish for the German-Colombian community.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Torre central de la iglesia de Lourdes en Bogotá.JPG|Church of Our Lady of Lourdes
File:El Lugar de Su Presencia Exterior.png|[[El Lugar de Su Presencia]] 
File:Iglesia SUD en Bogotá.jpg|[[Bogotá Colombia Temple]]
File:View from the local Transmilenio of the Abou Bakr Alsiddiq Mosque 2013.jpg|[[Abou Bakr Al-Siddiq Mosque]]
</gallery>

=== Cuisine ===
There is a broad array of restaurants in Bogotá that serve typical and international food. Parque de la 93, Usaquén, Zona T, The [[G Zone]], La Macarena, La Candelaria, The parkway and the International Center are some of the main sectors where a number of international restaurants are found, ranging from Argentinian, Peruvian, Venezuelan, Brazilian, Mexican, American establishments to Arabic, Asian, French, Italian, Russian and British bistros, rotisseries, steakhouses and pubs, just to name a few.
Typical dishes of Bogotá include the [[ajiaco]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/recipes/2006/03/01/ajiaco-bogotano-chicken-and-potato-soup/|title=Ajiaco Bogotano (Chicken and Potato Soup)|date=1 March 2006|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=21 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101135832/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/recipes/2006/03/01/ajiaco-bogotano-chicken-and-potato-soup/|archive-date=1 January 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> a soup prepared with chicken, a variety of potatoes, corn on the cob, and ''[[Galinsoga parviflora|guascas]]'' (an herb), usually served with sour cream and capers, and accompanied by avocado and rice.

[[Tamale]]s is a very traditional Bogotá dish. Colombian tamal is a paste made with rice, beef, pork and/or chicken (depending on the region), chickpea, carrot, and spices, wrapped in [[plantain (cooking)|plantain]] leaves and steam-cooked.

Figs with [[Dulce de leche|arequipe]], strawberries with cream, ''postre de natas'' and ''cuajada con melao'' are some of the main desserts offered in the city. [[Canelazo]] is a hot drink from the Altiplano prepared with [[aguapanela]], cinnamon and [[aguardiente]]. Another hot beverage is the carajillo, made with coffee (tinto as it is known in Colombia) and aguardiente.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Ajiaco.jpg|[[Ajiaco]] is one of the city's most representative dishes.
File:Chocolate Especial.jpg|"Chocolate santafereño" (Santafe hot chocolate), [[almojábana]], cheese and [[pandequeso]]
</gallery>

=== Parks and recreation ===
There are numerous parks in Bogotá, with facilities for concerts, plays, movies, storytellers, and other activities.
* [[Simón Bolívar Park]] is a large park regularly used to stage free concerts (such as the annual [[Rock al Parque]] festival). <!--The whole complex is five times bigger than central park. Which central park? Maybe the area should be stated-->
* The public [[National Park (Bogotá)|''Parque Nacional'' (National Park)]] has green spaces, ponds, games for children, foot and bicycle paths, and venues for entertainment such as public screenings of movies and concerts and events organized by the Council of Bogotá
* The [[Bogotá Botanical Garden]] (''Jardín Botánico de Bogotá'')
* Mundo Aventura is an [[amusement park]], with an entry charge and charges for the different attractions. It has rides for adults and children, a [[petting zoo]], and even a small track for animal races.
* [[Salitre Mágico]] is another amusement park with rides and attractions. The park is near the Simón Bolívar park, where concerts are held throughout the year.
* Parque del Chicó has trees, gardens, artificial creeks and ponds, and a colonial-style house converted into a museum; [[Museo del Chicó]]
* To the north of Bogotá, in the municipality of [[Tocancipá]]; [[Jaime Duque Park]] has rides, a giant map of Colombia, various exhibits, a zoo, and a big hand holding the world, symbolizing God. There is a reproduction of the [[Taj Mahal]] in the park with a collection of reproductions of famous paintings. The park is also used for large concerts, mainly electronic music.
* [[Maloka Museum|Maloka]] is an interactive science museum, in the style of similar venues around the world.
* [[Bogotá Savannah Railway|Tourist train]] is a sightseeing train, popular with Bogotá residents, which runs to outlying towns [[Zipaquirá]], [[Cajicá]] and [[Nemocón]] along the lines of the former [[Bogotá Savannah Railway]] on weekends. The route to Zipaquirá (known for its [[Salt Cathedral of Zipaquirá|salt cathedral]]) is {{convert|53|km|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} long. Another line goes towards the north for {{convert|47|km|0|abbr=on}} and ends at [[Briceño, Boyacá|Briceño]].
* The [[Usaquén Park]] is another of the most important parks in the city several of the best restaurants in this city are located there, is recognized to have street performers such as storytellers, magicians, jugglers, etc., and also for being one of the most decorated parks in the city during Christmas time.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Lago del Parque Simón Bolívar.JPG|[[Simón Bolívar Park]]
File:Parque de los periodistas (Bogotá).jpg|Park of the Journalists
File:Bogotá Parque de la 93.JPG|93rd Street Park
File:Parque Santander noche 2.JPG|Santander Park
File:BOG El Virrey hacia la 15.JPG|El Virrey Park
</gallery>

== Sports ==
[[File:Bogotá Estadio.JPG|thumb|[[Estadio El Campín]]]]

The District Institute for Recreation and Sport promotes recreation, sports and use of the parks in Bogotá.

[[Association football|Football]] has been declared a symbol of Bogotá, and is widely played in the city. There are three professional clubs in the city, [[Club Santa Fe|Santa Fe]], [[Millonarios Fútbol Club|Millonarios]], and [[La Equidad]]. The main stadium in the city is The Campín Stadium (Estadio Nemesio Camacho El Campín) home of the local teams [[Club Santa Fe|Santa Fe]] and [[Millonarios]], In 2001 The Campín Stadium was the place for the [[2001 Copa América]] final between the [[Colombia|Colombia national football]] and the [[Mexico|Mexico national football]], with a final score 1–0 in favor of the home team, which finally obtained its first continental cup. The other soccer venue is the multi-use Techo Metropolitan Stadium which is the home of [[La Equidad]].

Other major sporting venues are the covered Coliseum El Campín, the Simón Bolívar Aquatic Complex, the Sports Palace, the El Salitre Sports Venue which includes the [[Luis Carlos Galán Velodrome]] (which hosted the [[1995 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]]), the El Salitre Diamond Ballpark and the [[BMX]] track "Mario Andrés Soto".

Bogotá hosted the first Bolivarian Games held in 1938. The city hosted the National Games in 2004, winning the championship. It was a sub-venue Bolivarian Pan American Games. In addition, the city on the route of the Tour of Colombia.

After being a major venue city for the [[2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup]] that was held in [[Colombia]], Bogotá was one of the venue cities hosting the [[2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670:copa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4:&Itemid=296 |title=Copa Mundial de Futsal de la FIFA se jugará en Colombia en 2016 |publisher=fcf.com.co |date=28 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012230/http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670%3Acopa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4%3A&Itemid=296 |archive-date=3 December 2013  }}</ref>

=== Sports teams ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | League (Cup) / Sport
! scope="col" | Stadium / Coliseum
! scope="col" | Founded
! scope="col" | Championships
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Independiente Santa Fe|Santa Fe]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Categoría Primera A]] / Football
| rowspan="2" | [[Estadio El Campín|El Campín Stadium]]
| 1941
| 17 (10 Primera A, 1 [[Copa Sudamericana]], 1 [[Suruga Bank Championship]], 2 [[Copa Colombia]], 3 [[Superliga Colombiana|Superliga]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Millonarios F.C.|Millonarios]]
| 1946
| 20 (15 Primera A, 1 [[Copa Merconorte]], 3 Copa Colombia, 1 Superliga)
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[La Equidad]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Estadio Metropolitano de Techo|Metropolitano de Techo Stadium]]
| 1982
| 1 (1 Copa Colombia)
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Bogotá F.C.]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Categoría Primera B]] / Football
| 2003
| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Tigres F.C.]]
| 2016
| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Guerreros de Bogotá]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Baloncesto Profesional Colombiano|Liga DirecTV]] / Basketball
| rowspan="2" | El Salitre Coliseum
| 2011
| 1 (1 league)
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Piratas de Bogotá]]
| 1995
| 4 (4 league)
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Bogotá Bulldogs]]
| [[Australian rules football]]
| 
| 2015
| 
|-
|}

== Symbols ==
The flag originated with the insurgency movement against the colonial authorities which began on 20 July 1810, during which the rebels wore armbands with yellow and red bands, as these colors were those of the [[Flag of Spain|Spanish flag]] used as the flag for the New Kingdom of Granada. {{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

On 9 October 1952, exactly 142 years after these events, decree 555 of 1952 officially adopted the patriotic armband as the flag of Bogotá.<ref>{{cite web|year=2007 |url=http://www.bogotaturismo.gov.co/ciudad/simbolos/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110707052924/http://www.bogotaturismo.gov.co/ciudad/simbolos/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 July 2011 |title=Simbolos de Bogotá |publisher=Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá |access-date=29 December 2008 |language=es }}</ref> The flag of Cundinamarca follows the same pattern, plus a light blue tile which represents the Virgin Mary's cape.

The flag itself is a yellow band above a red one. The yellow denotes the gold from the earth, as well as the virtues of justice, clemency, benevolence, the so-called "mundane qualities" (defined as nobility, excellence, richness, generosity, splendor, health, steadfastness, joy and prosperity), long life, eternity, power and constancy. The red denotes the virtue of charity, as well as the qualities of bravery, nobility, values, audacity, victory, honor and furor, Colombians call it the blood of their people. {{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

The coat of arms of the city was granted by emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V (Charles I of Spain)]] to the [[New Kingdom of Granada]], by royal decree given in [[Valladolid]], Spain on 3 December 1548. It contains a black eagle in the center, which symbolizes steadfastness. The eagle is also a symbol of the Habsburgs, which was the ruling family of the Spanish empire at the time. The eagle is crowned with gold and holds a red pomegranate inside a golden background. The border contains olive branches with nine golden pomegranates on a blue background. The two red pomegranates symbolize audacity, and the nine golden ones represent the nine states which constituted the New Kingdom of Granada at the time. In 1932 the coat of arms was officially recognized and adopted as the symbol of Bogotá. {{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

Bogotá's anthem lyrics were written by Pedro Medina Avendaño; the melody was composed by Roberto Pineda Duque. The song was officially declared the anthem by decree 1000 31 July 1974, by then Mayor of Bogotá, Aníbal Fernandez de Soto.

==International relations==

===Twin towns – sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in South America}}
Bogotá is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina<ref>{{cite web|title=Convenios Internacionales|url=https://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/internacionalesycooperacion/relacionesbilaterales/convenios|website=buenosaires.gob.ar|publisher=Buenos Aires|language=es|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803135328/https://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/internacionalesycooperacion/relacionesbilaterales/convenios|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cádiz]], Spain<ref>{{cite web|title=Cádiz tiene ya una familia más que numerosa|url=https://www.diariodecadiz.es/cadiz/Cadiz-familia-numerosa_0_297570545.html|website=diariodecadiz.es|publisher=Diario de Cádiz|language=es|date=2009-09-19|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216130236/https://www.diariodecadiz.es/cadiz/Cadiz-familia-numerosa_0_297570545.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], United States<ref>{{cite web|title=Sister Cities|url=http://www.chicagosistercities.com/sister-cities/|website=chicagosistercities.com|publisher=Chicago Sister Cities International|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314041125/http://www.chicagosistercities.com/sister-cities/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[León, Guanajuato|León]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|title=León|url=https://www.sandisca.org/Sister%20Cities/leon-mexico/|website=sandisca.org|publisher=San Diego International|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128224917/https://www.sandisca.org/Sister%20Cities/leon-mexico/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[London]], England, United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web|title=The Twin Cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London|url=https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/twin-cities-oxford-cambridge-london/|website=oxford-royale.com|publisher=Oxford Royale Academy|date=2017-02-16|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619210923/https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/twin-cities-oxford-cambridge-london/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|PER}} [[Lima]], Peru<ref>{{cite web|title=Información de Gobierno|url=https://proyectoallas.net/members/lima/|website=proyectoallas.net|date=2 January 2014|publisher=AL-LAs|language=es|access-date=2021-12-18|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405150525/https://proyectoallas.net/members/lima/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Madrid]], Spain<ref name=madrid>{{cite web|title=Agreements with cities|url=https://www.madrid.es/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=76957c275129a310VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=ce069e242ab26010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=default&idCapitulo=7182437|website=madrid.es|publisher=Madrid|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610162129/https://www.madrid.es/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=76957c275129a310VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=ce069e242ab26010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=default&idCapitulo=7182437|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|BOL}} [[La Paz]], Bolivia<ref>{{cite web|title=Hermanamientos|url=https://www.lapaz.bo/hermanamientos-amc/|website=lapaz.bo|publisher=La Paz|language=es|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214125824/https://www.lapaz.bo/hermanamientos-amc/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Quito]], Ecuador<ref>{{cite web|title=Cabildos de Quito y Bogotá aumentan la cooperación|url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/informacion-general/1/cabildos-de-quito-y-bogota-aumentan-la-cooperacion|website=eltelegrafo.com.ec|publisher=El Telégrafo|language=es|date=2012-02-15|access-date=2021-12-17|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217163801/https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/informacion-general/1/cabildos-de-quito-y-bogota-aumentan-la-cooperacion|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Santa Fe, Granada|Santa Fe]], Spain<ref>{{cite web|title=Capitulaciones de Santa Fe|url=http://www.santafe.es/data/ficherosadjuntos_contenidosweb/contenidos_664_418_20120413115519.pdf|website=santafe.es|publisher=Granada Hoy|page=7|language=es|date=April 2012|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=10 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610192257/http://www.santafe.es/data/ficherosadjuntos_contenidosweb/contenidos_664_418_20120413115519.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul]], South Korea<ref>{{cite web|title=Sister and Friendship Cities|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy/international-exchange/sister-cities/|website=seoul.go.kr|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=4 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504045307/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities ===
Bogotá is part of the [[Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities]] established on 12 October 1982.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

===Partnerships and cooperations===
In addition, Bogotá cooperates with:
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[New York City]], United States<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2013 |title=New York City Global Partners |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814165415/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml |archive-date=August 14, 2013 |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=nyc.gov}}</ref>

== Panoramas ==
{{wide image|2018 Bogotá, Cund - Colombia.jpg|1200px|align-cap=centre|Panoramic view of Downtown and Southern Bogotá}}
{{wide image|PanoramaPlacaBolivarBogota.jpg|1200px|align-cap=centre|View of [[Plaza de Bolívar, Bogotá]]}}

== See also ==
{{portal|Colombia}}
* [[Carnival of Bogotá]]
* [[List of largest cities]]
* [[Transport in Colombia]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=Bhadra-Heintz |first1=John I. B. |title=A Tyranny Against Itself: Intimate Partner Violence on the Margins of Bogota |date=2022 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-9806-2 |language=en}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|auto=1|commonscat=yes|d=Q2841}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|es}} 
* [https://colombia.travel/en/bogota Bogota official tourism site]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bogota}}
[[Category:Bogotá| ]]<!--Main article of this category. Don't write anything in the space.-->
[[Category:1538 establishments in South America]]
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[[Category:Capitals in South America]]
[[Category:Capitals of Colombian departments]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1538]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of Colombia]]