View source for Bothrops

{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
 | image = Bothrops alternatus in Brazil b.jpg
 | image_caption = ''[[Bothrops alternatus]]''
 | taxon = Bothrops
 | authority = [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1824
 | synonyms = * ''Bothrops'' <small>Wagler, 1824</small>
* ''Rhinocerophis'' <small>[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1881</small><ref name="McD99"/>
}}

'''''Bothrops''''' is a [[genus]] of highly venomous [[pit viper]]s [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Neotropics]].<ref name="McD99">[[Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref> The [[Genus|generic]] name, ''Bothrops'', is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words {{lang|el|βόθρος}}, {{translit|grc|[[bothros]]}}, meaning {{gloss|pit}}, and {{lang|el|ὄψ}}, {{translit|grc|ops}}, meaning {{gloss|eye}} or {{gloss|face}}, together an allusion to the heat-sensitive [[loreal pit]] organs. Members of this genus are responsible for more human deaths in the [[Americas]] than any other group of venomous snakes.<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, [[William W. Lamar|Lamar WW]] (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp., 1,500 plates. {{ISBN|0-8014-4141-2}}.</ref> Currently, 48 [[species]] are recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=209554 |taxon=''Bothrops ''|access-date=3 November 2006}}</ref>

==Description==
Species in the genus ''Bothrops'' range in size from small, never growing to more than {{convert|50|–|70|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}}, to large at over {{convert|200|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in total length (tail included). Most are characterized by having a sharp ''[[canthus (snake)|canthus rostralis]]'' and an unelevated snout.<ref name="C&L04"/>

The arrangement of the scales on top of the head is extremely variable; the number of [[interorbital scales]] may be 3–14. Usually there are 7–9 [[supralabials]] and 9–11 [[sublabials]]. There are 21–29 rows of [[dorsal scales]] at midbody, 139–240 [[ventral scales]], and 30–86 [[subcaudals]], which are generally divided.<ref name="C&L04"/>

==Common names==
[[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]] originally applied the [[common name]] "lanceheads"<ref name="C&L04"/>  to all snakes in the genus ''Bothrops'', which he considered [[conspecific]]. Thus, older writings, as well as popular and sometimes scientific writings (including the American Heritage, Merriam-Webster, and New Shorter Oxford dictionaries), still often call them {{Lang|fr|fer-de-lance}} ([[French language|French]], "spearhead"). However, many scientists and hobbyists now restrict this name to the Martinican species, ''[[Bothrops lanceolatus|B.&nbsp;lanceolatus]]''. Other common names include American lanceheads and American lance-headed vipers.<ref name="USN91">United States Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. New York: U.S. Government / Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. {{ISBN|0-486-26629-X}}.</ref>

==Geographic range==
''Bothrops'' species are found in northeastern [[Mexico]] ([[Tamaulipas]]) southward through [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] to [[Argentina]]. They also occur on the islands of [[Saint Lucia]] and [[Martinique]] in the [[Lesser Antilles]], as well as on [[Ilha da Queimada Grande]] off the coast of [[Brazil]].<ref name="McD99"/> ''B.&nbsp;atrox'' is also found on the island of [[Trinidad]] in the [[Caribbean]] off the eastern coast of [[Venezuela]].

==Behavior==
[[File:Bothrops caribbaeus.jpg|alt=Bothrops caribbaeus|thumb|''Bothrops caribbaeus'']]
Most species of ''Bothrops'' are nocturnal, although a few found at higher altitudes are active during the day. Otherwise, they may be seen on cloudy days or during periods of rain. Most are terrestrial, though all are capable of climbing. One species, [[Bothrops insularis|''B.&nbsp;insularis'']], which is endemic to [[Ilha da Queimada Grande]], is considered to be semi [[arboreal]]. This species, unlike most ''Bothrops,'' preys primarily on birds, due to the absence of native mammal species on Queimada Grande. This feeding habit probably accounts for their more arboreal lifestyle compared with their mainland cousins.<ref name="C&L04"/> Many species of ''Bothrops'' exhibit [[tail vibration]] behavior when disturbed.<ref name=allf>Allf, Bradley C.; Durst, Paul A.P.; Pfennig, David W. (2016). "Behavioral Plasticity and the Origins of Novelty: The Evolution of the Rattlesnake Rattle". ''American Naturalist'' '''188''' (4): 475–483.</ref>

==Venom==
Members of the genus ''Bothrops'' are responsible for more fatalities in the [[Americas]] than any other group of [[venomous snake]]s. In this regard, the most important species are ''[[Bothrops asper|B.&nbsp;asper]]'', ''[[Bothrops atrox|B.&nbsp;atrox]]'', and ''[[Bothrops jararaca|B.&nbsp;jararaca]]''. Without treatment, the fatality rate is estimated to be about 7%, but with treatment this is reduced to 0.5–3%.<ref name="C&L04"/>
[[File:Bothrops ammodytoides.jpg|alt=Bothrops ammodytoides|thumb|''Bothrops ammodytoides'']]
Typical symptoms of bothropic envenomation include immediate burning pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, headache, massive swelling of the bitten extremity, [[Bleeding|hemorrhagic]] [[bleb (medicine)|bleb]]s, local [[necrosis]], bleeding from the nose and gums, [[ecchymosis]], erythemia, [[hypotension]], [[tachycardia]], [[coagulopathy]] with hypofibrinogenemia and [[thrombocytopenia]], [[hematemesis]], [[melena]], [[epistaxis]], [[hematuria]], [[intracerebral hemorrhage]], and [[kidney failure]], secondary to hypotension and bilateral [[Cerebral cortex|cortical]] necrosis. There is usually some discoloration around the bite site, and [[rash]]es may develop on the [[torso]] or the extremities.<ref name="C&L04"/>

In general, death results from hypotension secondary to [[hypovolemia|blood loss]], kidney failure, and [[intracranial]] hemorrhage. Common complications include necrosis and kidney failure secondary to [[hypovolemic shock|shock]] and the toxic effects of the venom.<ref name="C&L04"/>

==Species==
{| cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Image<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>

!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subsp.*<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="C&L04"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
|-
|[[File:Bothrops alcatraz.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops alcatraz|B. alcatraz]]'' {{small|[[species:Otávio Augusto Vuolo Marques|Marques]], [[species:Márcio Roberto Costa Martins|Martins]] & [[Ivan Sazima|Sazima]], 2002}}
|align="center"|0
|Alcatrazes lancehead
|style="width:40%"|Alcatrazes Island, [[São Paulo]] state, Southeastern Brazil.
|-
|[[File:Bothrops alternatus Instituto Butantã (3).jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops alternatus|B. alternatus]]'' {{small|[[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854}}
|align="center"|0
|style="width:20%"|Urutu, yarará, víbora de la cruz
|style="width:40%"|Southeastern [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]] (in the provinces of [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]], [[Córdoba Province, Argentina|Córdoba]], [[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]], [[Chaco Province|Chaco]], [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]], [[Formosa Province|Formosa]], [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]], [[Misiones Province|Misiones]], [[San Luis Province|San Luis]], [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]], [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]] and  [[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]].
|-
|[[File:Bothrops ammodytoides, the Patagonian Pit Viper (9070511689).jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops ammodytoides|B. ammodytoides]]'' {{small|[[species:Friedrich Leybold|Leybold]], 1873}}
|align="center"|0
|Patagonian lancehead
|Argentina in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, [[Chubut Province|Chubut]], [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]], [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja]], [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]], [[Neuquén Province|Neuquén]], [[Río Negro Province|Río Negro]], [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan]], San Luis, [[Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)|Santa Cruz]] and Tucumán
|-
|[[File:Bothrops asper (Panama) coiled.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops asper|B. asper]]'' {{small|([[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1884)}}
|align="center"|0
|''terciopelo'' (preferred), ''Fer-de-lance'' (commonly used, but incorrect)
|Atlantic lowlands of eastern [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]], including [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]], a disjunct population occurs in southeastern [[Chiapas]] (Mexico) and southwestern [[Guatemala]], northern [[South America]] in [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]] West of the Andes, westernmost [[Venezuela]], and Tumbes, [[Peru]].<ref name="C&L04"/>
|-
|[[File:Fer-de-Lance (Bothrops atrox) (39388290454).jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops atrox|B. atrox]]'' {{small|([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)}}
|align="center"|0
|Common lancehead
|Tropical lowlands of South America east of the [[Andes]], including southeastern Colombia, southern and eastern Venezuela, [[Trinidad]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[French Guiana]], eastern [[Ecuador]], eastern Peru, northern [[Bolivia]] and the northern half of Brazil
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops ayerbei|B. ayerbei]]'' {{small|[[species:Armando Javier Folleco-Ferdández|Folleco-Fernández]], 2010 }}
|align="center"|0
|Patian lancehead, Ayerbe's lancehead
|Cauca, [[Colombia]]
|-
|[[File:DSCN2208mod.jpg|119x119px]]
|''[[Bothrops barnetti|B. barnetti]]'' {{small|[[Hampton Wildman Parker|Parker]], 1938}}
|align="center"|0
|Barnett's lancehead
|Along the Pacific coast of northern Peru at low elevations in arid, tropical scrub
|-
|[[File:Cobra-papagaio - Bothrops bilineatus - Ilhéus - Bahia.jpg|119x119px]]
|''[[Bothrops bilineatus|B. bilineatus]]'' {{small|([[Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied|Wied-Neuwied]], 1825)}}
|align="center"|1
|Two-striped forest-pitviper
|style="width:40%"|[[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] region of [[South America]]: [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[French Guiana]], [[Brazil]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]. An isolated population is known from the Atlantic versant of southeastern Brazil.
|-
|[[File:Bothrops brazili.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops brazili|B. brazili]]'' {{small|[[species:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]], 1954}}
|align="center"|0
|Brazil's lancehead
|Equatorial forests of eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, Brazil and northern Bolivia
|-
|[[File:Bothrops caribbaeus.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops caribbaeus|B. caribbaeus]]'' {{small|(Garman, 1887)}}
|align="center"|0
|Saint Lucia lancehead
|[[Saint Lucia|St. Lucia]], [[Lesser Antilles]], apparently restricted to the low elevation periphery of all but the southern third and extreme northern tip of the island
|-
|[[File:Bothrops chloromelas.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops chloromelas|B. chloromelas]]'' {{small|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1912)}}
|align="center"|0
|Inca forest-pitviper
|central Andes of Peru
|-
|[[File:Bothrops cotiara 339888586.jpg|119x119px]]
|''[[Bothrops cotiara|B. cotiara]]'' {{small|([[species:João Florêncio Gomes|Gomes]], 1913)}}
|align="center"|0
|Cotiara
|Araucaria forests of southern Brazil in the states of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] and [[Rio Grande do Sul]], northeastern Argentina in Misiones Province
|-
|[[File:Bothrops neuwiedi diporus fer de lance 91.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops diporus|B. diporus]]'' {{small|[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1862}}
|align="center"|0
|Painted Lancehead
|Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia
|-
|[[File:Gfp-caatinga-lance-headed-pitviper.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops erythromelas|B. erythromelas]]'' {{small|[[Afrânio do Amaral|Amaral]], 1923}}
|align="center"|0
|Caatinga lancehead
|Northeastern Brazil in the states of [[Alagoas]], [[Bahia]], [[Ceará]], extreme eastern [[Maranhão]], [[Minas Gerais]], [[Paraíba]], [[Pernambuco]], [[Piauí]], [[Rio Grande do Norte]] and [[Sergipe]]
|-
|[[File:Descanso ao sol.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops fonsecai|B. fonsecai]]'' {{small|Hoge & [[species:Hélio Emerson Belluomini|Belluomini]], 1959}}
|align="center"|0
|Fonseca's lancehead
|Southeastern Brazil in the states of northeastern São Paulo, southern Rio de Jeneiro and extreme southern Minas Gerais
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops germanoi|B. germanoi]]'' {{small|[[species:Fausto Erritto Barbo|Barbo]], [[species:William W. Booker|Booker]], [[species:Marcelo Ribeiro Duarte|Duarte]], [[species:Betina Chaluppe|Chaluppe]], [[species:José Antônio Portes Júnior|Portes]], [[Francisco Luís Franco|Franco]] & [[species:Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin|Grazziotin]], 2022}}
|align="center"|0
|Moela's lancehead
|Ilha da Moela, Brazil
|-
|[[File:Golden lancehead viper.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops insularis|B. insularis]]'' {{small|(Amaral, 1922)}}
|align="center"|0
|Golden lancehead
|[[Queimada Grande Island]], São Paulo State, Brazil
|-
|[[File:Bothrops itapetiningaea.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops itapetiningae|B. itapetiningae]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1907)}}
|align="center"|0
|São Paulo lancehead
|Southeastern Brazil in the states of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, São Paulo, and on the Paraná Plateau
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops jabrensis|B. jabrensis]]'' {{small|Barbo, Grazziotin, [[species:Gentil Alves Pereira Filho|Pereira-Filho]], [[species:Marco Antonio de Freitas|Freitas]], [[species:Stephenson Hallison Formiga Abrantes|Abrantes]] & [[species:Marcelo Nogueira de Carvalho Kokubum|Kokubum]], 2022}}
|align="center"|0
|Jabre's lancehead
|Paraíba, Brazil
|-
|[[File:Bothrops jararaca 02.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops jararaca|B. jararaca]]'' {{small|(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)}}
|align="center"|0
|''Jararaca''
|Southern Brazil, northeastern Paraguay and northern Argentina (Misiones)
|-
|[[File:Jararacuçu (Bothrops jararacussu) por Rodrigo Tetsuo Argenton (2).jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops jararacussu|B. jararacussu]]'' {{small|[[João Baptista de Lacerda|Lacerda]], 1884}}
|align="center"|0
|''Jararacussu''
|Eastern Brazil (from Bahia to Santa Catarina), Paraguay, southeastern Bolivia and northeastern Argentina (Misiones Province)
|-
|[[File:Bothrops Jonathani.JPG|159x159px]]
|''[[Bothrops jonathani|B. jonathani]]'' {{small|([[Michael Brown Harvey|Harvey]], 1994)}}
|align="center"|0
|Jonathan's lancehead, Cochabamba lancehead
|The [[Altiplano]] of central Bolivia in the departments of [[Cochabamba]], [[Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)|Santa Cruz]] and [[Tarija]], and in northwestern Argentina in the departments of [[Jujuy]] and [[Salta]], occurring at elevations of 2000–3500&nbsp;m in dry, rocky grassland
|-
|[[File:Trigonocephale.JPG|157x157px]]
|''[[Bothrops lanceolatus|B. lanceolatus]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span> {{small|([[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1790)}}
|align="center"|0
|''Fer-de-lance'', Martinique lancehead
|[[Martinique]], Lesser Antilles
|-
|[[File:Whitetail Lancehead 01.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops leucurus|B. leucurus]]'' {{small|[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1824}}
|align="center"|0
|Whitetail lancehead, Bahia lancehead
|Eastern Brazil along the Atlantic coast from northern [[Espírito Santo]] north to Alagoas and [[Ceará]], occurs more inland in several parts of Bahia, uncertain identity of disjunct populations west of the [[São Francisco River|Rio São Francisco]]
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops lutzi|B. lutzi]]'' {{small|([[species:Alípio de Miranda Ribeiro|Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1915)}}
|align="center"|0
|Cerrado lancehead
|Northeastern Brazil in northern Piaui state
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops marajoensis|B. marajoensis]]'' {{small|Hoge, 1966}}
|align="center"|0
|Marajó lancehead
|Northern Brazil in the coastal lowlands of the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] Delta
|-
|[[File:Bothrops marmoratus Instituto Butantã.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops marmoratus|B. marmoratus]]'' {{small|[[species:Vinícius Xavier da Silva|Silva]] & [[Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues|Rodrigues]], 2008}}
|align="center"|0
|Marbled lancehead 
|Goiás, [[Brazil]]
|-
|[[File:Mato Grosso Lancehead (Bothrops matogrossensis) (30701582853).jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops mattogrossensis|B. mattogrossensis]]'' {{small|Amaral, 1925}}
|align="center"|0
|Mato Grosso lancehead
|Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Peru
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops medusa|B. medusa]]'' {{small|([[:fr:Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1920)}}
|align="center"|0
|Venezuelan forest-pitviper
|Venezuela, including the Cordillera de la Costa (coastal range), the [[Venezuelan Capital District|Federal District]] and the states of [[Aragua (state)|Aragua]], [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]] and [[Carabobo]].
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops monsignifer|B. monsignifer]]'' {{small|[[species:Juan Timms|Timms]], [[species:Juan Carlos Chaparro|Chaparro]], [[Pablo Javier Venegas-Ibáñez|Venegas]], [[David Salazar-Valenzuela|Salazar-Valenzuela]], Scrocchi, [[species:Jairo Cuevas|Cuevas]], [[species:Gerardo C. Leynaud|Leynaud]] & [[species:Paola A. Carrasco|Carrasco]], 2019}}
|align="center"|0
|
|Eastern slopes of the Andes of Bolivia and southern Peru
|-
|[[File:Bothrops moojeni - Jardim Zoológico de Brasília - DSC09978.JPG|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops moojeni|B. moojeni]]'' {{small|Hoge, 1966}}
|align="center"|0
|Brazilian lancehead
|Central and southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and likely eastern Bolivia
|-
|[[File:Bothrops muriciensis 246127606.jpg|120x120px]]
|''[[Bothrops muriciensis|B. muriciensis]]'' {{small|[[species:Hebert Ferrarezzi|Ferrarezzi]] & [[species:Eliza Maria Xavier Freire|Freire]], 2001 }}
|align="center"|0
|
|Mata de Murici, [[Alagoas]] state, Northeastern Brazil
|-
|[[File:Bothrops neuwiedi.jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops neuwiedi|B. neuwiedi]]'' {{small|Wagler, 1824}}
|align="center"|6
|Neuwied's lancehead
|South America east of the Andes and south of 5°S, including Brazil (southern Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Bahia, [[Goiás]], Mato Grosso, an isolated population in [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]], [[Rondônia]] and all southern states), Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Chaco, Entre Ríos, Formosa, [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]], La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, [[Salta Province|Salta]], San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán) and Uruguay
|-
|[[File:Bothrops oligobalius.jpg|120x120px]]
|''[[Bothrops oligobalius|B. oligobalius]]'' {{small|[[species:Francisco Dal Vechio|Dal Vechio]], [[species:Ivan Prates|Prates]], Grazziotin, [[species:Roberta Graboski|Graboski]] &  Rodrigues, 2021}}
|align="center"|0
|
|Amazonian forests of southern Colombia, southern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil north of the Amazon/Solimões
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops oligolepis|B. oligolepis]]'' {{small|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1901)}}
|align="center"|0
|Peruvian forest-pitviper
|Eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia.
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops osbornei|B. osbornei]]'' {{small|[[species:Antonio Freire Lascano|Freire-Lascano]], 1991}}
|align="center"|0
|
|Western Ecuador, Northwestern Peru
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops otavioi|B. otavioi]]'' {{small|Barbo, Grazziotin, Sazima, Martins & [[Ricardo Jannini Sawaya|Sawaya]], 2012}}
|align="center"|0
|
|Vitória Island, São Paulo, Brazil
|-
|[[File:Jararaca (Bothrops pauloensis - Jovem).jpg|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops pauloensis|B. pauloensis]]'' {{small|Amaral, 1925 }}
|align="center"|0
|
|Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia
|-
|[[File:Bothrops pictus.JPG|119x119px]]
|''[[Bothrops pictus|B. pictus]]'' {{small|([[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1845)}}
|align="center"|0
|Desert lancehead
|Peru on the hills of the Pacific coastal region and versant up to about 1800&nbsp;m elevation
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops pirajai|B. pirajai]]'' {{small|Amaral, 1923}}
|align="center"|0
|Piraja's lancehead
|Brazil in central and southern Bahia state and possibly also Minas Gerais
|-
|[[File:Ejemplar de Yarara (Bothrops pubescens), Uruguay, 2021.jpg|119x119px]]
|''[[Bothrops pubescens|B. pubescens]]'' {{small|(Cope, 1870)}}
|align="center"|0
|
|Brazil, Uruguay
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops pulcher|B. pulcher]]'' {{small|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1862)}}
|align="center"|0
|Andean forest-pitviper
|Eastern slopes of the Andes from south-central Colombia to southern Ecuador.
|-
|[[File:Vibora Chocoana.jpg|120x120px]]
|''[[Bothrops punctatus|B. punctatus]]'' {{small|([[species:Evaristo García|García]], 1896)}}
|align="center"|0
|Chocoan lancehead
|From the [[Darién Gap|Darién]] of [[Panama]] along the Pacific slope of Colombia and Ecuador.
|-
|[[File:Bothrops sanctaecrucis 112338712.jpg|209x209px]]
|''[[Bothrops sanctaecrucis|B. sanctaecrucis]]'' {{small|Hoge, 1966}}
|align="center"|0
|Bolivian lancehead
|Bolivia in the [[Amazon Basin|Amazonian]] lowlands from the departments of [[Beni Department|El Beni]] to [[Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)|Santa Cruz]]
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops sazimai|B. sazimai]]'' {{small|Barbo, [[species:João Luiz Gasparini|Gasparini]], [[species:Antonio de Pádua Almeida|Almeida]], [[Hussam Zaher|Zaher]], Grazziotin, [[species:Rodrigo B. Gusmão|Gusmão]], [[species:José Mário G. Ferrarini|Ferrarini]] & Sawaya, 2016}}
|align="center"|0
|Franceses Island lancehead
|Ilha dos Franceses, Espírito Santo, Brazil 
|-
|
|''[[Bothrops sonene|B. sonene]]'' {{small|Carrasco, Grazziotin, [[species:Roy Santa Cruz FarfáN|Santa Cruz-Farfán]], [[species:Claudia Koch|Koch]], [[species:José Antonio Ochoa Cámara|Ochoa]], Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro, 2019}}
|align="center"|0
|
|Madre de Dios, Peru 
|-
|[[File:Bothriopsis taeniata (3).jpg|119x119px]]
|''[[Bothrops taeniatus|B. taeniatus]]'' {{small|(Wagler, 1824)}}
|align="center"|1
|Speckled forest-pitviper
|Widespread in the equatorial forests of Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia.
|-
|[[File:Bothrops venezuelensis by Danny Siwek.JPG|120px]]
|''[[Bothrops venezuelensis|B. venezuelensis]]'' {{small|[[species:Fernando Sandner-Montilla|Sandner-Montilla]], 1952}}
|align="center"|0
|Venezuelan lancehead
|Northern and central Venezuela, including the Cordillera de la Costa (coast range) and the states of [[Aragua (state)|Aragua]], [[Carabobo]], the [[Venezuelan Capital District|Federal District]], [[Miranda (state)|Miranda]], [[Mérida (state)|Mérida]], [[Trujillo (state)|Trujillo]], [[Lara (state)|Lara]], [[Falcón]], [[Yaracuy]] and [[Sucre (state)|Sucre]], and Colombia ([[Norte de Santander]] and [[Boyacá departments]]
|-
|}
[[File:Bothrops jararaca 07.jpg|alt=Bothrops jararaca|thumb|''Bothrops jararaca'']]
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Not including the nominate subspecies.<br />
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span> [[Type species]]<ref name="McD99"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:Cobra-papagaio - Bothrops bilineatus - Ilhéus - Bahia.jpg|alt=Bothrops bilineatus|thumb|''Bothrops bilineatus'']]

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Bothrops|date=6 December|year=2007}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q468875}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bothrops| ]]
[[Category:Snakes of South America]]
[[Category:Snakes of Central America]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler]]