View source for Brazilian Democratic Movement

{{Short description|Big tent political party in Brazil}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Brazilian Democratic Movement
| abbreviation     = MDB
| logo             = Brazilian_Democratic_Movement_logo.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| colorcode        = {{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}
| president        = [[Baleia Rossi]]
| secretary_general = Jorge Caruso
| foundation       = 4 December 1965 (original MDB)<!--website states 24 March 1966--><br/>15 January 1980 (refounded as PMDB)<br/>19 December 2017 (altered its name back to MDB)
| registered       = 30 June 1981 (registered as PMDB)
| ideology         = {{nowrap|[[Economic liberalism]]<ref name="BBC News Brasil">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-41058120|title=Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico|newspaper=BBC News Brasil}}</ref>}} [[Big_tent| Catch-all]]
| headquarters     = Câmara dos Deputados - Presidência do MDB, Ed. Principal sala T4 - Esplanada dos Ministérios<br />[[Brasília]]
| website          = {{URL|https://www.mdb.org.br/}}
| country          = Brazil
| native_name      = {{lang|pt|Movimento Democrático Brasileiro}}
| dissolution      = 20 December 1979 (original MDB)
| predecessor      = 
| merger           = [[Brazilian Labour Party (1945)|Brazilian Labour Party]]<br />[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|Social Democratic Party]] (majority)
| successor        = 
| position         = {{nowrap|[[Centrism|Centre]]{{refn|<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tähtinen |first=Lauri |title=Brazil: Five Phenomena and Three Scenarios |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/brazil-five-phenomena-and-three-scenarios |date=2022-10-25 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Center for Strategic and International Studies |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Narloch |date=2020-07-31 |first=Leandro |title=PMDB, o partido da malemolência|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/cacador-de-mitos/pmdb-o-partido-da-malemolencia/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=VEJA |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carlomagno |first=Márcio |last2=Braga |first2=Sérgio |last3=Angeli |first3=Alzira Ester |date=2022 |title=Do — and why do — people interact with politicians on social media? Evidences from Brazilian state level elections |url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/703/70373170005/html/ |journal=Revista Sociedade e Cultura |language=en |volume=25 |doi=10.5216/sec.v25.70812 |quote=(vii) Ideology (party): Despite that some international political science approaches consider party ideology a ‘démodé’ variable, Brazilian political scientists still vastly use it. Considering the objectives of our study, we classified the parties according to the literature concepts (ZUCCO JR., 2009), under which codes range from left (1) to right (5). Left: PSOL, PSTU, PCO, PCB. Center-left: PT, PCdoB, PDT. Center: PMDB, PSDB, PSB, PPS, PV. Center-right: PSD, PP, PR, PRB, PROS,PSC, PTB, PHS, SD. Right: DEM, PMN, PRP, PRTB, PSDC, PSL, PTdoB, PTC, PTN.|doi-access=free }}</ref>}}<br />'''Historical:'''<br />[[Centrism|Centre]]{{refn|<ref>{{cite book |date=2005 |editor1=Anthony Appiah |editor2= Henry Louis Gates (Jr.) |title=Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=502 |quote=In 1982 São Paulo's governor, Franco Montoro of the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), created the Council for Participation and Development of the Black Community. |isbn=9780195170559 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |date=2008 |editor=Paul Freston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNhGmev-Iy4C&dq=%22centrist+Brazilian+Democratic+Movement%22&pg=PA204 |title=Evangelical Christianity and Democracy in Latin America |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=502 |quote=Garotinho, however, continued in the political limelight, joining the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB; Partido do Movimento Democra ́tico Brasileiro), and positioning himself to run as the PMDB candidate in the 2006 presidential election.|isbn=9780199721245 }}</ref>}} to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]{{refn|<ref>{{Cite book |first=Timothy J. |last=Power |title=Centering Democracy?: Ideological Cleavages and Convergence in the Brazilian Political Class |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Kingstone |work=Democratic Brazil Revisited |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=2008 |page=89}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite book |first=Mauro P. |last=Porto |title=Democratization and Election News Coverage in Brazil |work=Handbook of Election News Coverage Around the World |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |page=253}}</ref>}}}}
| membership_year  = 2023
| membership       = 2,043,709
| think_tank       = Fundação Ulysses Guimarães
| youth_wing       = Juventude do MDB
| womens_wing      = MDB Mulher
| wing1_title      = Black wing
| wing1            = MDB Afro
| wing2_title      = LGBT wing
| wing2            = MDB Diversidade
| regional         = [[COPPPAL]]
| blank1_title     = TSE Identification Number
| blank1           = 15
| seats1_title     = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|42|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Federal Senate]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|10|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[List of current state governors in Brazil|Governorships]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|3|27|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Legislative Assemblies of Brazilian states|State Assemblies]]
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|147|1024|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
| seats5_title     = [[Mayors in Brazil|Mayors]]
| seats5           = {{Composition bar|1022|5570|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
| seats6_title     = [[Câmara municipal#Brazil|City Councillors]]
| seats6           = {{Composition bar|7825|56810|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
| colours          = '''Main''':<br> {{colorbox|#339933|border=silver}} Green <br> '''Secondary:''' <br> {{colorbox|#FFCC00|border=silver}}{{colorbox|#BD0914|border=silver}}{{colorbox|#333333|border=silver}}  Yellow, red and black
| slogan           = "Balance Point"
}}
The '''Brazilian Democratic Movement''' ({{langx|pt|Movimento Democrático Brasileiro}}, '''MDB''') is a Brazilian political party. It is considered a "[[Big tent|big tent party]]" and it is one of the parties with the greatest representation throughout the national territory, with the largest number of [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|senators]], [[Mayor|mayors]] and [[Municipal council|city councillors]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senadores em Exercício  |url=https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/em-exercicio/-/e/por-partido |access-date=2022-10-13 |website= Senado Federal }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Resultados da eleição municipal de 2020 para as prefeituras |publisher=PATRI |website=Datapedia |url=https://datapedia.info/patri-eleicoes-2020/prefeituras-2020 |access-date=2022-10-13 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DEM, PP e PSD aumentam número de vereadores no Brasil; MDB, PT, PSDB, PDT e PSB registram redução |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2020/eleicao-em-numeros/noticia/2020/11/17/dem-pp-e-psd-aumentam-numero-de-vereadores-no-brasil-mdb-pt-psdb-pdt-e-psb-registram-reducao.ghtml |first1=Fábio |last1=Vasconcellos |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=G1 |date=17 November 2020 |language=pt-br}}</ref> It has consistently held a large presence in the National Congress since 1988, and also has the largest number of affiliates, with 2,043,709 members {{as of|July 2023|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados |url=https://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados |website=Tribunal Superior Eleitoral |access-date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=11 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711103114/https://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Originally, the MDB was founded on 1965 as part of an enforced [[two party system]] by the [[Brazilian military dictatorship]], being the "consented opposition" — providing an official, but controlled, opposition to the governist [[National Renewal Alliance]] (ARENA). With the [[Redemocratization in Brazil|political opening in the early 1980s]] the two parties were disbanded and former members of the MDB created the '''Brazilian Democratic Movement Party''' ({{langx|pt|Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro|links=no}}, '''PMDB'''),<ref name=":3" /> the name by which the party was known until 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aprovada mudança do nome do Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB) |date=May 15, 2018 |url=https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2018/Maio/aprovada-mudanca-do-nome-do-partido-do-movimento-democratico-brasileiro-pmdb |website=Tribunal Superior Eleitoral}}</ref> It was the party of former [[President of Brazil|Presidents of Brazil]] [[Tancredo Neves]], [[José Sarney]], [[Itamar Franco]] and [[Michel Temer]], as well providing support for the governments of [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]], [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva]] and [[Dilma Rousseff]], as well as unofficial support for the government of [[Jair Bolsonaro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Câmara |url=https://radar.congressoemfoco.com.br/governismo/camara |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Radar do Congresso |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

After the redemocratization of Brazil, MDB became a [[big tent party]] without a clear ideological program, seeking to have many members from various positions and different interest groups under its wing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Miriam |title=Meet the Kingmakers of Brasilia |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/10/21/meet-the-kingmakers-of-brasilia/ |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref> It has been considered one of the core members of the ''[[Centrão]]'', having supported multiple [[Ruling party|governing parties]] since the beginning of the [[Sixth Brazilian Republic]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pouco ou nada separa o MDB dos demais partidos do Centrão |url-access=subscription |first1=Ricardo |last1=Noblat |date=2021 |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/noblat/pouco-ou-nada-separa-o-mdb-dos-demais-partidos-do-centrao/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=VEJA |language=pt-BR}}</ref> As such, the party has been criticized and accused of being a [[Cronyism|cronyistic]] "physiological party",<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |first1=Talita |last1=Bedinelli|first2=Afonso |last2=Benites |date=2017-12-19 |title=PMDB volta a se chamar MDB: retorno ao passado para aplacar crise de imagem |url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2017/12/19/politica/1513695154_142381.html |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=El País Brasil |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> which focus on negotiating support for the government in exchange for positions, resources and political influence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=Centrão vive quarta encarnação, agora restrito ao fisiologismo |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/politica/centrao-vive-quarta-encarnacao-agora-restrito-ao-fisiologismo-22929632 |first1=Dimitrius |last1=Dantas |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=O Globo |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:PMDB 48 anos (13272683505).jpg|thumb|right|Poster commemorating the party's 48th anniversary (2014)]]
[[File:Logo do Mdb.jpg|thumb|Logo of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, 1965–1979]]
[[File:Congressos. Seminários. Palestras (15203669391).jpg|thumb|PMDB's general convention, 2014]]
Under military rule from 1965 to 1979, Brazil had a legally enforced two party system, with supporters of the regime gathered under the [[National Renewal Alliance Party]] (ARENA) umbrella, and the official opposition making up the MDB. Essentially, the MDB comprised nearly all of the [[Brazilian Labour Party (historical)|Brazilian Labour Party]] and the main body of the [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|Social Democratic Party]].

For much of the first decade-and-a-half of the military dictatorship, ARENA had large majorities in the federal and state legislatures, and the MDB was virtually powerless. Since the president was indirectly elected by Congress, ARENA's candidate—in practice, selected by the military high command—could not possibly be defeated. The MDB did not even put forward candidates in the first post-coup elections, in 1966 and 1969. While the MDB did put forward presidential candidates in 1974 and 1978, they were soundly defeated.
[[File:LogoPMDB81.png|thumb|PMDB's first logo after the founding of the party in 1979 until 1990]]
Starting in 1979, [[Multi-party system|multipartyism]] was reintroduced to Brazil by the military government. A restricted number of parties were allowed and the two original parties were officially disbanded, with ARENA became officially known as the [[Democratic Social Party]]. Many of the MDB left into multiple new opposition parties such as the [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]] (PDT), [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazilian Labour Party]] (PTB), [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]] (PSDB), and the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] (PT). Even though the country was redemocratizing, the military government sought to weaken the future successor of the MDB by demanding that new parties have "Party" on their official designations, thus forcing a rebranding.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Partido Do Movimento Democratico Brasileiro (PMDB) |url=https://www18.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-do-movimento-democratico-brasileiro-pmdb |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=CPDOC |language=pt-br}}</ref> The group which remained reorganized the old MDB as the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (''{{langx|pt|Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro}}''; PMDB).

The MDB had been a [[big tent]] party uniting nearly all of the opposition to the military dictatorship. As such, it harboured elements ranging across the political spectrum. PMDB had a similar character to its predecessor, including a range of politicians from conservatives such as [[José Sarney]] to liberals such as [[Pedro Simon]], leftists like [[Roberto Requião]], populists like [[Íris Resende]], nationalists like [[Orestes Quércia]] and the former [[guerrilla]] movement [[Revolutionary Movement 8th October|MR-8]].

In 1985, party leader [[Tancredo Neves]] won the presidential election, but died before taking office. His running mate [[José Sarney]], who had recently joined the party after defecting from the political wing of the military, became president, serving until 1990. Up until 2016, he was the only [[president of Brazil]] to come from the party. In recent presidential elections the party has not run candidates of its own, preferring to focus on congressional and gubernatorial elections.

At the legislative [[2002 Brazilian general election|elections on 6 October 2002]], the party won 74 out of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 19 out of 81 seats in the Senate, making it one of the biggest parties in Brazil.

The party decided not to launch a candidate for the [[2006 Brazilian general election|2006 presidential election]] in order to be free to join any coalition in the states. Under Brazilian electoral law then, parties launching presidential candidates could not form alliances at the state level that differed at the national level (this norm was subsequently repealed). At the congressional elections in October 2006, PMDB won 89 of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, becoming its biggest party; and in the Senate it had 15 of the 81 seats after its one-third renovation, becoming the third-largest party. PMDB also won seven state gubernatorial elections in the same election.

In [[2010 Brazilian general election|2010]], the party made gains in the Senate, winning 16 of the elected seats for a total of 20. It was somewhat weakened in other elections, winning 79 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (becoming the second largest party) and winning five state governorships.

Notable PMDB members included: [[Wanderlei Silva]], [[Tancredo Neves]], [[Ulysses Guimarães]], [[Itamar Franco]], [[Orestes Quércia]], [[Michel Temer]], [[Anthony Garotinho]], [[José Sarney]], [[Renan Calheiros]], Pedro Simon, [[Roberto Requião]], [[Germano Rigotto]], [[Paulo Skaf]], Ramez Tebet, Marcelo Fortuna, Iris Rezende and Maguito Vilela.

On 29 March 2016, PMDB announced that it was leaving the coalition with the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] following accusations against President [[Dilma Rousseff]] and former president [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] of corruption.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-idUSKCN0WU1AC |first1=Anthony |last1=Boadle |title=Brazil's biggest party quits ruling coalition, Rousseff isolated|date=30 March 2016|access-date=28 August 2017|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref> The PMDB supported the [[impeachment process against Dilma Rousseff]]. After the impeachment process began, vice president Michel Temer formed a new center-right liberal coalition government with [[PSDB]] and other parties. He was confirmed as president as Dilma was permanently removed from office by the Senate on August, 31st 2016, thus becoming the second Brazilian president to hail from PMDB.

On 19 December 2017, the party reverted to its former name, Brazilian Democratic Movement ({{langx|pt|Movimento Democrático Brasileiro}}, MDB). The move was seen as an attempt to renew party identity. The initials PMDB had become associated with corruption and cronyism, while the original acronym was associated with the struggle for [[democracy]], according to party leader, [[Romero Jucá]]. The party announced a program based on [[economic liberalism]], [[fiscal conservatism]] and greater openness to sectors of civil society such as evangelicals and environmentalists. The party also made it clear that it will prioritize parliamentarians who agree with the new positions of the party, which has been interpreted by many as a warning that rebel parliamentarians, especially the senator from Paraná, Roberto Requião, strongly associated with the Brazilian nationalist left (and who eventually left the party in the summer of 2021 and eventually joined the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]), and even [[Renan Calheiros]], the President of the [[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]], considered one of the most powerful personalities of Brazilian politics, but who shows little alignment with Temer's government and propositions of economic liberalism, can be excluded from the party. A few days earlier, Senator [[Kátia Abreu]] of [[Tocantins]] was expelled from the party for her support of the opposition, especially for her firm stance against the pension reform, as an alignment to the PT of whom she had been allied in the mandate of Dilma Rousseff.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/brasil/pmdb-aprova-mudanca-de-sigla-para-mdb/ |first1= Gabriel |last1=Hirabahasi |first2= Paloma |last2=Rodrigues |title=PMDB aprova mudança de sigla para MDB|date=2017-12-19|work=Poder360|access-date=2017-12-20|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/pmdb-aprova-mudanca-de-nome-e-passa-a-ser-chamado-mdb.ghtml |date=December 19, 2017 |first1=Gustavo |last1=Garcia |first2=Bernardo |last2=Caram |title=PMDB aprova mudança de nome e passa a ser chamado MDB|work=G1|access-date=2017-12-20|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.valor.com.br/politica/5231873/pmdb-muda-nome-para-mdb-e-tera-segmentos-evangelico-e-socioambiental |date=December 19, 2017 |url-access=subscription |first1=Vandson |last1=Lima|first2=Marcelo |last2=Ribeiro |first3=Andrea |last3=Jubé |title=PMDB muda nome para MDB e terá segmentos evangélico e socioambiental|work=Valor Econômico|access-date=2017-12-20|language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/pmdb-expulsa-katia-abreu-requiao-pode-ser-proximo-22104325|title=PMDB expulsa Kátia Abreu, e Requião pode ser o próximo|date=2017-11-23|work=O Globo|access-date=2017-12-20|language=pt-BR}}</ref>

The PMDB is the Brazilian political party that received the most [[Operation Car Wash|bribes]] from [[Odebrecht]]. The company's "institutional relations" manager, Melo Filho, says he can find among the PMDB senators "the parliamentarians most devoted to the group's interests", but also those "who asked for the highest contributions".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondediplo.com/2017/10/08brazil|title=Brazil's Odebrecht scandal|date=October 2017}}</ref>

== Ideology ==

The original MDB was founded as a legal, civil movement of opposition to [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|Brazilian military government]]. Without a clear program except the democratization of the country, the party was an umbrella of opponents of military regime, ranging from [[liberal conservative]]s and [[Christian democrats]] from parties like [[Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)|Christian Democratic Party]] and [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|Social Democratic Party]] to former labourists, socialists and communists, of [[Brazilian Labour Party (historical)|Brazilian Labour Party]], [[Brazilian Socialist Party]] and [[Brazilian Communist Party]]. With the redemocratization, many centrists and leftists left the party and joined other parties with more consistent ideologies.

Many Christian democrats, [[social liberals]] and [[social democrats]] broke with the party in 1988 to form the [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]], led by [[Mario Covas]], [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]], [[José Serra]] and [[Franco Montoro]]. Other PMDB members exited the party to more established left-wing parties, like the new incarnation of [[Brazilian Socialist Party]], [[Communist Party of Brazil]] and [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]. In 2009, the last left-wing section of the party abandoned it and formed the [[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|Free Fatherland Party]], a [[far left]] party descending from the [[MR-8]] guerrilla. Some strong leftists, however, like senator [[Roberto Requião]], remained in the party, but more isolated and less powerful (Requião too would eventually leave the party in July 2021). Other powerful politicians within the party, like former Rio de Janeiro governor [[Sérgio Cabral Filho]] and senator [[Renan Calheiros]], established a neutral political stance, sometimes described as "[[Cronyism|physiological]]" by critics.

The left-wing loss was strong, and as such, the positions of those who left were replaced eventually by dissidents of centrist, centre-left and even right-wing parties, who joined to avoid falling out of power (as independent candidates are not allowed to run in elections in Brazil) and/or losing feuds with local or national party leadership. This replacement changed the character of the party from a catch-all party to a centrist one with a visible centre-right tendency. The party denied the centre-right character or any strict adherence to any political ideology. The party maintains that it is an open party for any and all Brazilians committed to democracy.

The party's programme from 2015 is based on the document "Bridge to the Future" detailing the measures to be taken to modernise Brazil, including reform of the labour code, overhaul of the pension system, privatisation of some public companies and reduction of some social rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondediplo.com/2021/12/08brazil|title=Bolsonarism without Bolsonaro for Brazil?|date=December 2021}}</ref>

== Electoral history ==

=== Presidential elections ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Party candidate
! rowspan="2" |'''Running mate'''
! rowspan="2" |Coalition
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
! rowspan="2" |'''Result'''
|-
! colspan="2" |'''First round'''
! colspan="2" |'''Second round'''
|-
![[1974 Brazilian presidential election|1974]]
|[[Ulysses Guimarães]] (MDB)
|[[Barbosa Lima Sobrinho]] (MDB)
|''None''
|76
|16,0%
|  -
|  -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[1978 Brazilian presidential election|1978]]
|[[Euler Bentes Moreiro]] (MDB)
|[[Paulo Brossard]] (MDB)
|''None''
|226
|38.9%
|  -
|  -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[1985 Brazilian presidential election|1985]]
|[[Tancredo Neves]] (PMDB)
|[[José Sarney]] (PMDB)
|MDB; [[Democrats (Brazil)|PFL]]
|480
|72.73%
|  -
|  -
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
![[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989]]
|[[Ulysses Guimarães]] (PMDB)
|[[Waldir Pires]] (PMDB)
|''None''
|3,204,853
|4.7%
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|  -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]]
|[[Orestes Quércia]] (PMDB)
|[[Iris de Araújo]] (PMDB)
|PMDB; [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1987)|PSD]]
|2,773,497
|4.4%
|  -
|  -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]]
|[[José Serra]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]])
|[[Rita Camata]] (PMDB)
|[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]; PMDB
|19,705,061
|23.19%
|33,370,739
|38.72%
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]]
|''None''
|''None''
|''None''
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
![[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Dilma Rousseff]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]])
| rowspan="2" |[[Michel Temer]] (PMDB)
|([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; PMDB; [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Partido Socialista Brasileiro|PSB]]; [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PR]]; [[Republicanos|PRB]]; [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|PSC]]; [[Christian Labour Party|PTC]]; [[Podemos (Brazil)|PTN]])
|47,651,434
|46.91%
|55,752,529
|56.05%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
![[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]
|([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; PMDB; [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]]; [[Progressistas|PP]]; [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PR]]; [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]; [[Republicanos|PRB]]; [[Republican Party of the Social Order|PROS]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]])
|43,267,668
|41.59%
|54,501,119
|51.64%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
![[2018 Brazilian general election|2018]]
|[[Henrique Meirelles]] (MDB)
|[[Germano Rigotto]] (MDB)
|(MDB; [[Humanist Party of Solidarity (Brazil)|PHS]])
|1,288,948
|1.20%
|  -
|  -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]]
|[[Simone Tebet]] (MDB)
|[[Mara Gabrilli]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]])
|(MDB; [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]; [[Cidadania]]; [[Podemos (Brazil)|PODE]])
|4,915,420
|4.16%
|  -
|  -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|}

=== Legislative elections ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! rowspan="2" |Election
! colspan="4" |[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
! colspan="4" |[[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]]
! rowspan="2" |Role in government
|-
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
|-
![[1966 Brazilian legislative election|1966]]
|4,915,470
|36.0%
|{{Composition bar|132|409|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|New
|5,911,361
|43.4%
|{{Composition bar|4|23|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|New
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1970 Brazilian legislative election|1970]]
|4,777,927
|30.5%
|{{Composition bar|87|310|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 45
|13,440,875
|39.6%
|{{Composition bar|6|46|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1974 Brazilian legislative election|1974]]
|10,954,359
|48.0%
|{{Composition bar|161|364|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 74
|14,486,252
|59.0%
|{{Composition bar|16|22|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 10
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1978 Brazilian legislative election|1978]]
|14,803,526
|49.6%
|{{Composition bar|191|422|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 30
|17,432,948
|57.1%
|{{Composition bar|8|23|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 8
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1982 Brazilian legislative election|1982]]
|17,666,773
|43.0%
|{{Composition bar|200|479|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 9
|18,410,338
|43.7%
|{{Composition bar|9|25|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1986 Brazilian legislative election|1986]]
|22,633,805
|47.8%
|{{Composition bar|260|487|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 60
|N/A
|N/A
|{{Composition bar|38|49|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 29
|{{yes2|Majority}}
|-
![[1990 Brazilian legislative election|1990]]
|7,798,653
|19.3%
|{{Composition bar|108|502|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 152
|N/A
|N/A
|{{Composition bar|8|31|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 30
|{{yes2|[[Cabinet of Itamar Franco|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]]
|9,287,049
|20.3%
|{{Composition bar|107|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|14,870,466
|15.5%
|{{Composition bar|14|54|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 6
|{{yes2|[[Cabinet of Fernando Henrique Cardoso|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[1998 Brazilian general election|1998]]
|10,105,609
|15.2%
|{{Composition bar|83|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 24
|13,414,074
|21.7%
|{{Composition bar|26|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 18
|{{yes2|[[Cabinet of Fernando Henrique Cardoso|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]]
|11,692,011
|13.4%
|{{Composition bar|76|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 7
|25,199,662
|15.4%
|{{Composition bar|19|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 7
|{{yes2|[[First cabinet of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]]
|13,580,517
|14.6%
|{{Composition bar|89|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 13
|10,148,024
|12.0%
|{{Composition bar|16|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|{{yes2|[[First cabinet of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[2010 Brazilian general election|2010]]
|12,537,252
|13.0%
|{{Composition bar|79|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 10
|23,998,949
|14.1%
|{{Composition bar|19|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 3
|{{yes2|[[Cabinet of Dilma Rousseff|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]
|10,791,949
|11.09%
|{{Composition bar|66|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 13
|12,129,969
|13.58%
|{{Composition bar|18|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|{{yes2|[[Cabinet of Dilma Rousseff|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[2018 Brazilian general election|2018]]
|5,439,167
|5.5%
|{{Composition bar|34|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 17
|12,800,290
|7.5%
|{{Composition bar|12|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|{{partial2|Confidence and Supply}}
|-
!rowspan="4"|[[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]]
|rowspan="4"|7,992,988
|rowspan="4"|7.2%
|rowspan="4"|{{Composition bar|42|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|rowspan="4"|{{increase}} 8
|rowspan="4"|3,882,458
|rowspan="4"|3.8%
|rowspan="4"|{{Composition bar|10|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}}}
|rowspan="4"|{{decrease}} 2
| {{yes2|[[Second cabinet of Lula da Silva|Coalition]] (2022–2023)}}
|-
|{{partial2|Independent (2023–2024)}}
|-
|{{yes2|[[Second cabinet of Lula da Silva|Coalition]] (2024–2025)}}
|-
|{{partial2|Confidence and Supply (2025–present)}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties|before=[[Mission (political party)|14 - Mission (Missão)]]|after=[[United Socialist Workers' Party|16 - USWP (PSTU)]]|years=15 - BDM (MDB)}}
{{s-end}}
{{Brazil political parties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1981 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:Centrist parties in Brazil]]
[[Category:Centre-right parties]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Brazil]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1981]]
[[Category:Political parties in Brazil]]